CN116036766A - Method and device for integrally treating atmospheric dust pollution of steel enterprise based on five dimensions - Google Patents
Method and device for integrally treating atmospheric dust pollution of steel enterprise based on five dimensions Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
- B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
- B05B7/0483—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with gas and liquid jets intersecting in the mixing chamber
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Abstract
A method for managing the dust pollution of the atmosphere of a steel enterprise based on five-dimensional integration and a device thereof, wherein the method establishes an intelligent environment-friendly management and control system integrating the management of the atmosphere pollution, the water pollution, the soil pollution, the dangerous waste pollution and the solid waste pollution into a whole; environmental protection is evaluated by means of shell isolation, emission detection, model establishment and the like; covering a spray dust removing device matrix on a whole factory area; on-line monitoring, collecting, uploading and analyzing emission data; and controlling the operation of the spray dust removing device according to the analysis result. The spray dust collector comprises a first air duct, a second air duct and a third air duct which are concentrically sleeved, and spiral fins are arranged in the three air ducts, so that air flow passing through the three air ducts forms rotation, and the range of the aerosol is increased. The invention establishes a five-dimensional integrated intelligent environmental protection and control system, the pollution is monitored in the whole course, and the pollution is treated respectively, so that the treatment effect is greatly improved; the spray dust collector has good fog drop dispersing effect, high spraying speed, farther spraying distance and better dust collecting effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for treating dust emission in the production of metallurgical industry and equipment used by the method.
Background
Iron and steel works are relatively heavy-pollution enterprises and are also an industry of particular interest to the environmental protection department. Pollution in steel plants can be largely divided into five main categories: the main problems are air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, solid waste pollution and dangerous waste pollution. Atmospheric pollution is mainly solid suspended matters such as coal dust, dust PM2.5 and PM10; atmospheric pollution accounts for a large proportion of pollution weight, and dust pollution is generated in the processes of conveying, processing and stacking of sintering furnaces, blast furnaces, converters and raw materials.
In the past, the five types of pollution are treated in isolation by enterprises, and the five types of pollution are not comprehensively treated in a unified treatment large environment, so that the effect is not great. The inventor fully releases intelligent manufacturing potential based on big data Internet, internet of things and intelligent manufacturing, integrates management of atmosphere, water, soil, hazardous waste and solid waste, establishes an intelligent environmental protection management and control platform of five-dimensional integration, realizes intelligent monitoring of environmental protection facilities, automatic early warning pushing of environmental protection data, precise management and control of unorganized pollution sources (scattered, liquidity or uncertain pollution sources), real-time scheduling of dust pollution introduced by transportation means, emergency treatment of emergency pollution events, and integrates environmental protection management and control with informatization and intellectualization, thereby achieving centralized management and control and full-power manufacturing of the green intelligent steel enterprise.
Therefore, the applicant establishes an overall ecological environment evaluation system, sets an ecological red line value, performs weight distribution and management and control according to the influence degree of each module on people and environment, automatically performs evaluation analysis and scoring according to the condition of each module on environmental data acquisition and monitoring, performs early warning pushing on pollution signals lower than the threshold value of the management and control module, and immediately takes treatment measures. The specific weights set by the applicant are: 50% of atmospheric pollution, 15% of water pollution, 15% of hazardous waste pollution, 10% of soil pollution and 10% of solid waste pollution. According to the analysis of the pollution weight of each module, the atmospheric pollution has a great influence on human and environment pollution, and the method belongs to the object of important attention.
Because the air pollution is mainly dust pollution, the effective measure for treating the air pollution is spray dust fall. However, the main problems of water spraying and dust falling at present are that the particle size of fog drops is larger, the dust removing efficiency is low, and research on improving a spraying device enables the spraying device to obtain a larger dust removing effect with minimum water consumption, so that the main problem of the industry is solved.
The application number of the Chinese patent document is CN201822164245.4, and the name of the device is a multi-layer type site spray dust removing device, which provides a site dust removing device, a plurality of water pipes with rotary spray devices are combined and arranged to increase the spray area, so that a better dust removing effect is achieved. The patent comprises a water pipe, a water inlet, a flow control valve, a three-way joint, an adapter, a straight pipe, an inclined surface bent pipe, a rotary spraying device and a supporting frame. When the water inlet is connected with an external water source, the flow of water flow in the water pipe can be controlled through the flow control valve; the high-pressure water is sprayed out after the atomization nozzle is atomized, so that the dust removing and suppressing effects are achieved at the construction site. However, the disadvantage of this patent is that it requires the dust removal device to be mounted on a wall, and the entire worksite is surrounded by a number of spraying devices provided on the wall, thereby avoiding dust from drifting out of the worksite; in addition, the patent limits the dust to the enclosure, but does not remove the dust from the enclosure, and therefore limits its application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects existing in the prior art and provide a method and a device for controlling the atmospheric dust pollution of a steel enterprise based on five-dimensional integration, wherein the method and the device can rely on an intelligent environmental protection control platform of five-dimensional integration, and determine which spray dust removing device is put into operation according to the monitoring result of dust pollution; the device can obtain water mist droplets with smaller particle sizes, effectively prevent the droplets from agglomerating, can spray the droplets to a longer distance, cover a larger treatment space and obtain a better spray dust removal effect.
The technical problems of the invention are solved by the following technical scheme:
a method for integrally treating atmospheric dust pollution of a steel enterprise based on five dimensions divides the pollution of a steel plant into five main categories: the main problems are air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, solid waste pollution and dangerous waste pollution, wherein the main problems are air dust pollution; the atmosphere, water, soil, hazardous waste and solid waste are managed into a whole, an intelligent environment-friendly management and control system with five dimensions is established, and the whole process of monitoring is carried out on five pollution types; the production line and the large-scale equipment are physically sealed, a pollution source is isolated from the outside by utilizing the shell, an air discharge port is formed in the shell, and a detection sensor is arranged at the discharge port, so that the pollutant detection is more accurate; according to the position distribution and the exhaust flow of each air discharge port, determining a dust diffusion model for organized discharge by combining the wind speed and the wind direction, and evaluating the influence of the dust ecological environment; establishing a spray dust removal device matrix to form a spray dust removal full coverage of a whole factory area; collecting, uploading and analyzing on-line monitoring emission data of all the emission ports, and giving early warning to abnormal conditions; and determining which spray dust removing device is put into operation according to the analysis result.
According to the method for controlling the atmospheric dust pollution of the steel enterprise based on the five-dimensional integration, the first air duct, the second air duct and the nozzle assembly are arranged in the spray dust removing device; the second air duct is concentrically sleeved in the first air duct, a nozzle assembly is arranged in the second air duct, the nozzle assembly is a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly distributed at intervals to form annular arrangement, high-pressure water is sprayed out of the nozzles in a mist form, and high-pressure air flow in the nozzles is used for shearing and blowing away to disperse the particles into smaller particles for blowing out; two axial flow fans are arranged at the rear parts of the first air duct and the second air duct, and mist drops are blown away from the air duct and are emitted to the sky.
According to the method for treating the atmospheric dust pollution of the steel enterprise based on the five-dimensional integration, the third air duct 3 with the diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second air duct is additionally arranged as the accelerating air duct, the third air duct is concentrically arranged in the second air duct, the right end in the third air duct is provided with the third axial flow fan, high-speed air flow is blown out by the third axial flow fan, and the air flow blown out by the first air duct jointly wrap the mist drop air flow blown out by the second air duct to be sprayed away from the second air duct and irradiate the sky; spiral air duct fins are arranged on the side wall of the air duct through which the air flow passes, so that the air flow is modulated into spiral air flow.
According to the method for integrally treating the atmospheric dust pollution of the steel enterprise based on five dimensions, the three electrodes are sequentially arranged at intervals from the right side of the spray nozzle in the second air duct to serve as the accelerating high-voltage electrodes, so that fog drops are charged, the fog drops are prevented from agglomerating, and the high voltage of the accelerating high-voltage electrodes is sequentially increased from 3000V, so that the fog drops are accelerated to spray away.
The invention provides a spray dust removal device for integrally treating dust pollution of the atmosphere of a steel enterprise based on five dimensions, which has the following technical scheme:
a spray dust removal device for integrally treating dust pollution of the atmosphere of a steel enterprise based on five dimensions comprises a first air duct, a second air duct and a spray mechanism; the first air duct is fixed on the mounting table, is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, one end of the first air duct is provided with a bell mouth, and a first axial flow fan and a second axial flow fan are sequentially arranged at positions close to the bell mouth; the second air duct is coaxially arranged in the first air duct and is connected together through a first supporting rod; the spraying mechanism consists of a nozzle assembly, a high-pressure air distribution ring, a water distribution ring, a pressurized water pump and a pressurized air pump, wherein the water distribution ring and the pressurized water pump are connected with each other by pipelines in sequence and then connected with the nozzle assembly, and the pressurized air pump and the high-pressure air distribution ring are connected with each other by pipelines in sequence and then connected with the nozzle assembly; spiral air duct fins with the same spiral direction are arranged on the inner side wall of the right half part of the first air duct and the outer side wall of the right half part of the second air duct.
The spray dust removing device for integrally treating the atmospheric dust pollution of the steel enterprise based on five dimensions is additionally provided with the third air duct, and the third air duct is coaxially arranged in the second air duct and is connected together by the second supporting rod; and a third axial flow fan is arranged in the third air duct.
According to the spray dust removing device for integrally treating the dust pollution of the atmosphere of the steel enterprise based on five dimensions, the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode are sequentially arranged in the second air duct from the position close to the right of the nozzle assembly at intervals, wherein the third electrode is positioned at the air outlet of the second air duct; the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode are annular and are embedded into the inner wall of the second air duct, the inner wall is made of insulating materials, and the insulating properties of the inner wall can bear high voltage; the voltages of the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode are 3000V, 5000V and 7000V respectively.
The spray dust removing device for integrally treating the dust pollution of the atmosphere of the steel enterprise based on five dimensions comprises a spray nozzle mechanism, a spray nozzle mechanism and a spray nozzle mechanism, wherein the spray nozzle mechanism consists of a spray nozzle valve body, a spray nozzle, an air nozzle, an adjusting valve core and a gland; the nozzle valve body is a hollow cylinder, one end of the nozzle valve body is provided with a conical water outlet, and the other end of the nozzle valve body is sealed by a gland; the side wall of the nozzle valve body is provided with a water spraying hole and a gas spraying hole which are respectively connected with the water spraying nozzle and the gas spraying nozzle; the water spraying direction of the water spraying hole is tangential to the arc surface of the inner side wall of the water spraying nozzle valve body, and is slightly inclined towards the water spraying hole; the air injection direction of the air injection hole is tangential to the arc surface of the inner side wall of the water nozzle valve body, and the axial included angle alpha between the air injection direction of the air injection hole and the water nozzle valve body is 10-20 degrees; the head of the adjusting valve core is conical and is matched with the shape of the conical water outlet, and the tail of the adjusting valve core is adjustably fixed on the pressure cover through threads.
According to the spray dust removing device for integrally treating the dust pollution of the atmosphere of the steel enterprise based on five dimensions, the rotary base is additionally arranged between the first air duct and the mounting table, and comprises the inclination angle adjusting block, the bearing seat, the support shaft, the bearing, the pinion, the large gear and the steering motor; the first air duct is arranged on the inclination angle adjusting block; the inclination angle adjusting block is fixedly connected with the large gear; one end of the fulcrum is fixedly connected with the bull gear, and the other end of the fulcrum is arranged on a bearing in the bearing seat; the steering motor is fixed on the mounting table, the output end of the steering motor is connected with the pinion, and the pinion is meshed with the large gear.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention divides the pollution of the steel plant into five categories, manages the atmosphere, water, soil, dangerous waste and solid waste into a whole, establishes an intelligent environmental protection control system of five-dimension integration, monitors the five categories of pollution in the whole course, controls the five categories of pollution respectively, and greatly improves the control effect;
(2) the invention physically seals the production line and the large-scale equipment, and the pollution source is isolated from the outside by the shell, so that the diffusion of pollutants to the periphery is effectively blocked; an air discharge port is formed in the shell, and a detection sensor is arranged at the discharge port (or other positions), so that pollutant detection is more accurate, and data support for accurate control is laid for selection input of a spray dust collector matrix;
(3) the spiral air duct fins are arranged on the side wall of the air duct through which the air flow passes, so that the air flow is modulated into spiral air flow, the dust removal effect is improved, and the coverage area for treating dust pollution is enlarged;
(4) the water spraying direction of the water spraying hole is tangential to the arc surface of the inner side wall of the water spraying nozzle valve body, and the water spraying direction is slightly inclined to the water spraying hole direction; the jet direction of the jet hole is tangential to the arc surface of the inner side wall of the water nozzle valve body, and the axial included angle alpha between the jet hole and the water nozzle valve body is 10-20 degrees, so that the jetted water film is sheared by high-speed air flow, the particle size of mist drops is greatly reduced, the particle size is reduced, the number of mist drops is increased, the probability of combining with dust is increased, and dust removal is more facilitated;
(5) according to the invention, by arranging the high-voltage electrode, the mist drops are charged, so that the aggregation of the mist drops is prevented, and the mist drop dispersing effect is better; setting three-stage high voltage, accelerating by using an electric field, and enabling the spray speed of the fog drops to be high, the spray distance to be farther and the coverage area to be larger.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the weights of five types of pollution in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spray dust collector;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a nozzle configuration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the relative positions of the nozzle valve body and the water and air nozzles;
fig. 5 is a diagram showing correspondence between the first spray dust removing device, the eighth spray dust removing device and the region to be dedusted;
fig. 6 is a control electrical schematic diagram of the spray dust removing device.
The reference numerals in the drawings are respectively as follows: 1. the dust-collecting device comprises a first air cylinder, 2, a second air cylinder, 3, a third air cylinder, 4, a first axial flow fan, 5, a second axial flow fan, 6, a third axial flow fan, 7, a nozzle mechanism, 8, a spiral air duct fin, 9, a high-pressure air distribution ring, 10, an inclination angle adjusting block, 11, a bearing seat, 12, a support shaft, 13, a bearing, 14, a mounting table, 16, a large gear, 15, a small gear, 17, a steering motor, 18, a pressurized water pump, 19, a water inlet pipeline, 20, a pressurized air pump, 21, an air inlet pipeline, 22, a water distribution ring, 23, a water nozzle, 24, an air nozzle, 25, an adjusting valve core, 26, a nozzle valve body, 27, a first electrode, 28, a second electrode, 29, a third electrode, 30, a gland 31, a first support rod, 32, a second support rod, U1, a CPU, U2, a wireless communication module, S1-S8 and a first dust detection sensor-eighth dust detection sensor; D1-D8, a first spray dust removing device-an eighth spray dust removing device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Steel works are relatively heavy-pollution enterprises, and the pollution of the steel works can be mainly divided into five categories: namely, atmospheric pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, solid waste pollution and hazardous waste pollution, which are respectively described as follows:
1. atmospheric pollution
Generating a large amount of smoke dust in the steel smelting process, and discharging the smoke dust into the air to cause atmospheric pollution; also, steel production requires a large amount of raw materials, fuel and semi-finished products, and dust is generated to various degrees during handling and transportation, which are sources of pollution. In addition, when the blast furnace slag is water quenched into water slag, water vapor is generated, and hydrogen sulfide gas is emitted, so that the water slag is discharged into the air, and the air quality is deteriorated.
2. Pollution by waste water
The iron and steel enterprises are large water households, the water consumption accounts for 19% of industrial water, and the wastewater discharge amount accounts for 11.3%. The steel wastewater is discharged from some equipment water, cooling water, washing water and the like in the production process; cooling of blast furnaces and hot blast stoves, washing of blast furnace gas, slag water quenching and hydraulic transportation are the main water consuming devices, and there are also some places where water consumption is small or water is intermittent. The wastewater contains various pollutants, a large amount of volatile phenols, fluorides, petroleum, suspended matters, arsenic, lead and other harmful substances, and serious consequences can be caused if the wastewater is not treated.
3. Soil pollution
Soil pollution refers to deterioration of soil quality caused by contaminants entering the soil. For example, pollutants contained in the waste gas, especially dust particles, are settled to the ground to enter the soil under the action of gravity, a large amount of pollutants are carried in the waste water to enter the soil, and the pollutants in the solid waste directly enter the soil or exudates thereof to enter the soil. Soil pollution causes the quality of soil to be reduced, so that the yield and quality of crops are reduced, and more seriously, the soil has an enrichment effect on pollutants, and some pollutants with larger toxicity, such as mercury, cadmium and the like, are enriched underground, so that the environmental hazard around enterprises is caused.
4. Pollution of solid waste
The iron and steel production needs to consume a large amount of iron ores, coal, limestone and various auxiliary materials, and generates a large amount of three-waste resources. It is counted that about 0.7 to 0.8 ton of coal, 1.5 to 1.55 ton of iron ore, a large amount of limestone flux and other raw materials are consumed per 1 ton of crude steel produced, and the solid waste production amount of ton of steel is about 0.6 ton. The solid waste mainly comprises blast furnace slag, steel slag, iron-containing dust mud, environment dust mud, waste refractory materials, fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and the like. It is estimated that the annual production of solid waste in iron and steel enterprises reaches 5.0 hundred million tons, which causes great pressure on environmental pollution.
5. Pollution by hazardous waste
The hazardous waste is mainly waste oil, waste oil barrels and waste batteries, and the hazardous waste destroys the ecological environment. The dangerous waste which is stored and discharged at will can pollute water and soil under the long-term permeation and diffusion effects of rainwater and underground water, influence the health of human beings, and cause toxic hazard by ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption, eye contact and the like of dangerous waste or cause dangerous events such as combustion, explosion and the like. Long-term hazards include long-term poisoning, carcinogenesis, teratogenicity, mutagenesis, etc., caused by repeated exposure. Pollution of the atmosphere, water sources, soil and the like caused by untreated hazardous wastes or non-standard treatment and disposal can also become a bottleneck restricting economic activities. The storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes can also place a significant burden on the enterprise.
In the past, the five types of pollution are treated in isolation by enterprises, and the five types of pollution are not comprehensively treated in a unified treatment large environment, so that the effect is not great. The applicant fully releases intelligent manufacturing potential based on big data Internet, internet of things and intelligent manufacturing, integrates management of atmosphere, water, soil, hazardous waste and solid waste, establishes an intelligent environmental protection management and control platform of five-dimensional integration, realizes intelligent monitoring of environmental protection facilities, automatic early warning pushing of environmental protection data, precise management and control of unorganized pollution sources (sporadic, liquidity or uncertain pollution sources), clean transportation real-time scheduling, emergency treatment of emergency environmental events, integrates environmental protection management and control with informatization and intellectualization, and achieves centralized management and control and full-power construction of green intelligent steel enterprises.
The method comprises the steps of establishing a whole ecological environment evaluation system, setting an ecological red line value, carrying out weight distribution and control according to the influence degree of each module on people and environment, automatically carrying out evaluation analysis to score according to the environment data acquisition and monitoring condition of each module, carrying out early warning pushing on the module lower than the ecological red line value, and giving advice. The specific weights are as follows:
50% of atmospheric pollution, 15% of water pollution, 15% of hazardous waste pollution, 10% of soil pollution and 10% of solid waste pollution. According to the analysis of the pollution weight of each module, the atmospheric pollution has great influence on human and environment pollution, and the atmospheric pollution should be controlled with great importance.
The object controlled by the atmosphere control module is divided into three parts of organized pollution control, unorganized pollution control and clean transportation pollution control.
A. Management of organized sources of contamination: the organized pollution source refers to pollution caused by production lines and large-scale equipment. Therefore, the production line and the large-scale equipment are physically sealed, a pollution source is isolated from the outside, meanwhile, on-line monitoring emission data of all emission ports are collected, uploaded, summarized and analyzed, and pushing, early warning and reminding are given to abnormal conditions. Meanwhile, according to the position distribution of all discharge ports and the height of an exhaust funnel, and by combining the wind speed and the wind direction, an organized discharge diffusion model of the whole factory is built, and ecological environment influence evaluation prediction is carried out.
B. Management of tissue-free pollution sources: an unorganized pollution monitoring network is established in a factory, the air quality condition of the factory is monitored, pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide and ozone in the factory are detected by combining the wind direction and the pollutants in the factory, ecological environment influence evaluation prediction is performed by combining air quality index calculation, and dust suppression facilities (fog gun, fog package and regional water sprinkling dust suppression vehicle) can be automatically started according to early warning points.
C. Cleaning transportation pollution: each access opening is provided with an access control and video monitoring system, the number of vehicles in and out of each material transportation and the discharge condition are counted in real time, and detection, disinfection and flushing are carried out, so that dust pollution is prevented.
And the water pipe control module is as follows: and (3) building a water circulation supervision system, dynamically tracking and monitoring the water consumption condition and the production and drainage wastewater of each process, tracking the recycling rate, the drainage condition and the water quality detection result after treatment, and carrying out ecological environment influence evaluation prediction.
Soil management and control module: and identifying a soil monitoring key area according to the standard requirements, determining representative monitoring points, tracking monitoring results and daily investigation results, establishing a plant soil environment 3D model, and carrying out ecological environment influence assessment prediction.
Solid waste management and control module: and tracking data of all solid waste generation conditions, recycling conditions and entrusted utilization conditions of the company, and carrying out ecological environment influence evaluation prediction.
And the dangerous waste management and control module is as follows: six types of hazardous waste exist for companies: the production, storage, consignment and disposal condition data of the waste mineral oil, the waste storage battery, the laboratory waste liquid, the waste oil barrel, the waste activated carbon and the waste paint barrel are tracked, and the ecological environment influence is estimated and predicted. According to the national hazardous waste management requirements, each hazardous waste is delivered to a qualified unit for treatment, and the treatment result is tracked on the vehicle, so that the influence of the hazardous waste on the environment is reduced to the greatest extent.
Because the weight of the atmospheric dust pollution in the pollution of the steel plant is 50%, the technical problem which is mainly solved by the invention is the atmospheric dust pollution. Therefore, the invention sets up the spray dust collector matrix in the area needing dust collection, every spray dust collector in the matrix can spray dust collection rotatably, make the dust collection area covered each other keep dead angle, what is shown in figure 5 is the configuration of the spray dust collector matrix, there are 8 dust detection sensors (S1-S8) and 8 spray dust collectors (D1-D8) in the matrix, when the dust detection sensor detects the dust exceeds standard, start the correspondent spray dust collector to start working.
Dust sensors are used to detect the concentration of particulate dust, e.g. PM2.5, PM10. The dust sensor operates according to the scattering principle of light, and when particles and molecules are irradiated with light, the scattering phenomenon of light is generated, and at the same time, part of the energy of the irradiated light is absorbed. When a beam of parallel monochromatic light is incident on the field of the particles to be measured, the light intensity is attenuated under the influence of scattering and absorption around the particles. Thus, the relative attenuation rate of the incident light passing through the concentration field to be measured can be obtained. The relative attenuation rate can basically linearly reflect the relative concentration of dust in the field to be detected. The intensity of the light is in direct proportion to the intensity of the electric signal subjected to photoelectric conversion, and the relative attenuation rate can be obtained by measuring the electric signal, so that the concentration of dust in a field to be measured can be measured.
Fig. 6 shows a control electrical schematic diagram of the spray dust removing device, 8 dust detection sensors (S1-S8) are respectively connected to a P0.0 port-P0.7 port of a UI (CPU chip), the output end of the UI is connected to a control circuit of the spray dust removing device, wherein a first spray dust removing device D1 is connected to a P2.0 port, a signal output by the P2.0 port enables a triode T1 to be conducted, a relay J1 acts, a normally open contact J1-1 of the relay J is connected with an ac power supply of the spray dust removing device D1, the spray dust removing device is powered, and all circuits or devices requiring the ac power supply start to operate to spray mist dust. The circuit connection mode of other spray dust removing devices D2-D8 and the first spray dust removing device is the same, and the description is omitted.
In fig. 6, a wireless communication module U2 is also provided, through which dust-handling information is transmitted via a mobile communication network to a computer of the monitoring center.
The wireless communication module U2 in the invention adopts CC1101PA2, the singlechip U1 adopts C8051F340 series chips, the CPU comprises 4 16-bit counters/timers, two full duplex serial ports UART with extended baud rate configuration and up to 40I/O pins, and the requirements of communication and control with other modules can be completely met.
The spray dust removing device comprises a first air cylinder 1, a second air cylinder 2 and a spray mechanism; the first air duct 1 is fixed on the mounting table 14, the first air duct 1 is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, one end of the first air duct 1 is provided with a bell mouth, and a first axial flow fan 4 and a second axial flow fan 5 are sequentially arranged at positions close to the bell mouth; the second air duct 2 is coaxially arranged in the first air duct 1 and is connected together (a plurality of groups can be arranged) by a first supporting rod 31; the spraying mechanism consists of a nozzle assembly 7, a high-pressure air distribution ring 9, a water distribution ring 22, a pressurized water pump 18 and a pressurized air pump 20, wherein the water distribution ring 22 and the pressurized water pump 18 are sequentially connected with pipelines and then connected to the nozzle assembly 7, the pressurized air pump 20 and the high-pressure air distribution ring 9 are sequentially connected with pipelines and then connected to the nozzle assembly 7, and the nozzle assembly is a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly distributed at intervals and are annularly arranged. The inner side wall of the right half part of the first air duct 1 and the outer side wall of the right half part of the second air duct 2 are provided with spiral air duct fins 8 with the same rotation direction.
One end of the first air duct 1 provided with the horn-shaped opening is an air inlet end, the other end is an air outlet end, the outer diameter of the air duct is 0.5-1m, and the length of the air duct is 1-2m. The second air duct 2 is also of a cylindrical structure with two open ends and is sleeved in the first air duct 1; the air inlet end is of an inverted horn shape, and the purpose of the inverted horn shape is to guide the air flow in the first air duct 1 to enter a gap between the first air duct 1 and the second air duct 2 more, the air flow in the gap better forms a rotary cylindrical air flow wall after leaving the spray dust removing device, and the rotary cylindrical air flow wall better wraps mist sprayed by the second air duct 2, so that the mist range is further. The power of the first axial flow fan 4 is 3-5KW, and the outer diameter of the fan blade is matched with the inner diameter of the first air duct 1; the power of the second axial fan 5 is 2-3KW, and the outer diameter of the fan blade is matched with the inner diameter of the second air duct 2.
The spiral direction of the spiral air duct fins 8 can be right-handed or left-handed, and the degree of entanglement of the spiral air duct fin rotation is 0.3-1. By entanglement is meant the length of distance the rifling advances around the tube at an angle of entanglement, also known as the lead.
The water pressure of the pressurizing water pump 18 is 0.15-0.3Mpa, and the air pressure of the pressurizing air pump 20 is 0.2-0.35Mpa.
In order to enhance the rotation and the range of the fog, a third air duct 3 can be additionally arranged, and the third air duct 3 is coaxially arranged in the second air duct 2 and is connected together (a plurality of groups can be arranged) by a second supporting rod 32; a third axial fan 6 is arranged in the third air duct 3.
The first supporting rod 31 is perpendicular to the axis of the first air duct 1 and is composed of two supporting rod groups arranged at a certain distance, each supporting rod group comprises three supporting rods, and the three supporting rods are arranged in the first air duct 1 at equal interval angles.
The second support bar 32 has the same structure as the first support bar 31.
Because the charged electric quantity of the fog drops decays along with the time lapse and the increase of the transmission distance, a first electrode 27, a second electrode 28 and a third electrode 29 are sequentially arranged in the second air duct 2 from the position close to the nozzle assembly 7 to the right at intervals, wherein the third electrode 29 is positioned at an air outlet of the second air duct 2; the first electrode 27, the second electrode 28 and the third electrode 29 are annular and are embedded into the inner wall of the second air duct 2, and the inner wall is made of insulating materials, and the insulating properties of the inner wall can bear high voltage; the voltages of the first electrode 27, the second electrode 28 and the third electrode 29 are 3000V, 5000V and 7000V, respectively. Three groups of electrodes are arranged, so that the charge quantity of mist drops is supplemented, and the movement of the charge mist drops is accelerated by using a higher-voltage electric field.
The nozzle mechanism 7 consists of a nozzle valve body 26, a water nozzle 23, an air nozzle 24, an adjusting valve core 25 and a gland 30; the nozzle valve body 26 is a hollow cylinder, one end of the nozzle valve body is provided with a conical water outlet, and the other end of the nozzle valve body is sealed by a gland 30; the side wall of the nozzle valve body 26 is provided with a water spraying hole and a gas spraying hole which are respectively connected with the water spraying nozzle 23 and the gas spraying nozzle 24; the water spraying direction of the water spraying hole is tangential to the arc surface of the inner side wall of the water spraying nozzle valve body 26, and is slightly inclined to the water spraying hole direction; the air injection direction of the air injection hole is tangential to the arc surface of the inner side wall of the water nozzle valve body 26, and the axial included angle alpha between the air injection direction and the water nozzle valve body 26 is 10-20 degrees; the head of the regulating valve core 25 is conical and is matched with the shape of the conical water outlet, and the tail of the regulating valve core is adjustably fixed on the gland 30 through threads.
The nozzle assembly 7 is a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly distributed at intervals and annularly arranged, high-pressure water is sprayed out from the nozzles in a mist form, and simultaneously, the high-pressure water is sheared and blown away by utilizing high-pressure air flow in the nozzles, and the high-pressure water is dispersed into smaller particles to be blown out.
The first air duct 1 can be fixedly arranged on the mounting table 14, and a rotating base can be additionally arranged between the first air duct and the mounting table, wherein the rotating base comprises an inclination angle adjusting block 10, a bearing seat 11, a support shaft 12, a bearing 13, a pinion 15, a large gear 16 and a steering motor 17. The connection relation is as follows: the first air duct 1 is arranged above the inclination angle adjusting block 10; the inclination angle adjusting block 10 is fixedly connected with the large gear 16; one end of the supporting shaft 12 is fixedly connected with the large gear 16, and the other end of the supporting shaft is arranged on a bearing 13 in the bearing seat 11; the steering motor 17 is fixed to the mount 14, and its output end is connected to the pinion 15, and the pinion 15 is meshed with the large gear 16.
The power supply of the first axial flow fan 4, the second axial flow fan 5, the third axial flow fan 6, the pressurized water pump 18, the pressurized air pump 20, the steering motor 17, the first electrode 27, the second electrode 28 and the third electrode 29 is controlled by a CPU through an alternating current contactor, and the high voltage required by the first electrode 27, the second electrode 28 and the third electrode 29 can be obtained by rectifying after boosting by a transformer or can be obtained by a voltage doubling rectifying circuit.
Claims (9)
1. A method for integrally treating atmospheric dust pollution of a steel enterprise based on five dimensions is characterized by classifying the pollution of a steel plant into five main categories: the main problems are air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, solid waste pollution and dangerous waste pollution, wherein the main problems are air dust pollution; the atmosphere, water, soil, hazardous waste and solid waste are managed into a whole, an intelligent environment-friendly management and control system with five dimensions is established, and the whole process of monitoring is carried out on five pollution types; the production line and the large-scale equipment are physically sealed, a pollution source is isolated from the outside by utilizing a shell, an air discharge port is formed in the shell, and a detection sensor is arranged at the discharge port; according to the position distribution and the exhaust flow of each air discharge port, determining a dust diffusion model for organized discharge by combining the wind speed and the wind direction, and evaluating the influence of the dust ecological environment; establishing a spray dust removal device matrix to form a spray dust removal full coverage of a whole factory area; collecting, uploading and analyzing on-line monitoring emission data of all the emission ports, and giving early warning to abnormal conditions; and determining which spray dust removing device is put into operation according to the analysis result.
2. The method for integrally treating the atmospheric dust pollution of the steel enterprise based on five dimensions according to claim 1 is characterized in that a first air duct (1), a second air duct (2) and a nozzle assembly (7) are arranged in the spray dust removing device; the second air duct is concentrically sleeved in the first air duct (1), the nozzle assemblies (7) are arranged in the second air duct, the nozzle assemblies (7) are a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly distributed at intervals in an annular arrangement, high-pressure water is sprayed out of the nozzles in a mist form, and meanwhile, high-pressure air flow in the nozzles is utilized for shearing and blowing away, so that smaller particles are dispersed for blowing out; two axial flow fans are arranged at the rear parts of the first air duct (1) and the second air duct (2) to blow fog drops away from the air duct and shoot to the sky.
3. The method for integrally treating the atmospheric dust pollution of the steel enterprise based on five dimensions according to claim 1 is characterized in that a third air duct (3) with the diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second air duct is additionally arranged as an accelerating air duct, the third air duct (3) is coaxially arranged in the second air duct (2), a third axial fan (6) is arranged at the right end of the third air duct (3), high-speed air flow is blown out by the third axial fan (6), and the air flow blown out by the first air duct are jointly wrapped by the mist air flow blown out by the second air duct, are blown away from the second air duct and are emitted to the sky; spiral air duct fins (8) are arranged on the side wall of the air duct through which the air flow passes, so that the air flow is modulated into spiral air flow.
4. The method for integrally treating the atmospheric dust pollution of the steel enterprise based on five dimensions according to claim 1 is characterized in that three electrodes are sequentially arranged in the second air duct (2) from the right side of the spray nozzle at intervals to serve as accelerating high-voltage electrodes, so that fog drops are charged, the fog drops are prevented from agglomerating, and the high voltage of the accelerating high-voltage electrodes is sequentially increased from 3000V, so that the fog drops are accelerated to spray away.
5. A spray dust removal device for integrally treating atmospheric dust pollution of a steel enterprise based on five dimensions is characterized in that: the spray dust removing device comprises a first air duct (1), a second air duct (2) and a spray mechanism; the first air duct (1) is fixed on the mounting table (14), the first air duct (1) is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, one end of the first air duct is provided with a horn mouth, and a first axial flow fan (4) and a second axial flow fan (5) are sequentially arranged at positions close to the horn mouth; the second air duct (2) is coaxially arranged in the first air duct (1) and is connected together by a first supporting rod (31); the spraying mechanism consists of a nozzle assembly (7), a high-pressure air distribution ring (9), a water distribution ring (22), a pressurized water pump (18) and a pressurized air pump (20), wherein the water distribution ring (22) and the pressurized water pump (18) are connected with each other through pipelines in sequence and then connected with the nozzle assembly (7), and the pressurized air pump (20) and the high-pressure air distribution ring (9) are connected with each other through pipelines in sequence and then connected with the nozzle assembly (7); spiral air duct fins (8) with the same spiral direction are arranged on the inner side wall of the right half part of the first air duct (1) and the outer side wall of the right half part of the second air duct (2).
6. The spray dust removal device according to claim 5, characterized in that a third air duct (3) is added, wherein the third air duct (3) is coaxially arranged inside the second air duct (2) and is connected together by a second supporting rod (32); a third axial flow fan (6) is arranged in the third air duct (3).
7. The spray dust removal device according to claim 5, characterized in that a first electrode (27), a second electrode (28) and a third electrode (29) are arranged in the second air duct (2) at right and orderly intervals from the position close to the nozzle assembly (7), wherein the third electrode (29) is positioned at an air outlet of the second air duct (2); the first electrode (27), the second electrode (28) and the third electrode (29) are annular and are embedded into the inner wall of the second air duct (2), and the inner wall is made of an insulating material, and the insulating property of the inner wall can bear high voltage; the voltages of the first electrode (27), the second electrode (28) and the third electrode (29) are 3000V, 5000V and 7000V respectively.
8. The spray dust removal device according to claim 5, characterized in that the nozzle mechanism (7) consists of a nozzle valve body (26), a water nozzle (23), an air nozzle (24), an adjusting valve core (25) and a gland (30); the nozzle valve body (26) is a hollow cylinder, one end of the nozzle valve body is provided with a conical water outlet, and the other end of the nozzle valve body is sealed by a gland (30); a water spraying hole and a gas spraying hole which are respectively connected with the water spraying nozzle (23) and the gas spraying nozzle (24) are formed in the side wall of the nozzle valve body (26); the water spraying direction of the water spraying hole is tangential to the arc surface of the inner side wall of the water spraying nozzle valve body (26), and is slightly inclined to the water spraying hole direction; the air injection direction of the air injection hole is tangential to the arc surface of the inner side wall of the water nozzle valve body (26), and the axial included angle alpha between the air injection direction of the air injection hole and the water nozzle valve body (26) is 10-20 degrees; the head of the adjusting valve core (25) is conical and is matched with the shape of the conical water outlet, and the tail of the adjusting valve core is adjustably fixed on the gland (30) through threads.
9. The spray dust removal device according to claim 5, wherein a rotating base is additionally arranged between the first air duct (1) and the mounting table (14), and comprises an inclination angle adjusting block (10), a bearing seat (11), a support shaft (12), a bearing (13), a pinion (15), a large gear (16) and a steering motor (17); the first air duct (1) is arranged above the inclination angle adjusting block (10); the inclination angle adjusting block (10) is fixedly connected with the large gear (16); one end of the fulcrum (12) is fixedly connected with the large gear (16), and the other end of the fulcrum is arranged on a bearing (13) in the bearing seat (11); the steering motor (17) is fixed on the mounting table (14), the output end of the steering motor is connected with the pinion (15), and the pinion (15) is meshed with the large gear (16).
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