CN116027234A - Quantum measurement method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a quantum measurement method and device, and belongs to the technical field of quanta. The method comprises the following steps: treating the atomic group to enable the magnetic moment of the atomic group to perform uniform circumferential rotation movement, and obtaining the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group; arranging first detection light and second detection light for detecting magnetic moments of the atomic groups; acquiring a first moment when the first detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and a second moment when the second detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group; an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the first time, the second time, and an angular velocity of a magnetic moment of the atomic group.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of quanta, and particularly relates to a quanta measurement method and device.
Background
Quantum precision measurement is an emerging interdisciplinary of quantum mechanics and metering, and belongs to the field of very challenging international significant front-edge scientific research.
Traditional microelectronics-based classical sensing technologies have gradually reached physical limits, which present serious challenges for the development of precision measurement technologies, and new quantum effect-based measurement technologies are emerging. The quantum precision measurement technology can realize various measurements which cannot be completed by a classical measurement mode, but the existing quantum measurement technology has lower accuracy and cannot meet the measurement requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a quantum measurement method and device, which can solve the problem of lower accuracy of the existing quantum measurement technology.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a quantum measurement method, the method including:
treating the atomic group to enable the magnetic moment of the atomic group to perform uniform circumferential rotation movement, and obtaining the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group;
arranging first detection light and second detection light for detecting magnetic moments of the atomic groups;
acquiring a first moment when the first detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and a second moment when the second detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group;
an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the first time, the second time, and an angular velocity of a magnetic moment of the atomic group.
Optionally, the treating the atomic group to make the magnetic moment of the atomic group perform uniform circumferential rotation motion includes:
applying a static magnetic field to the radicals in a first direction;
applying pumping light to the radicals in the first direction;
and applying a radio frequency magnetic field to the atomic groups along a second direction and a third direction so as to enable magnetic moments of the atomic groups to perform uniform circumferential rotation motion around the first direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the third direction at the same time.
Optionally, the determining the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first moment, the second moment, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment includes:
determining a target time difference based on the first time and the second time;
an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the target time difference and an angular velocity of the magnetic moment.
Optionally, the position of the first detection light relative to the atomic group is unchanged, and the position of the second detection light relative to the first detection light is variable.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a quantum measurement device, the device comprising:
the atomic processing module is used for processing the atomic groups so as to enable the magnetic moments of the atomic groups to perform uniform circumferential rotation motion and obtain the angular velocity of the magnetic moments of the atomic groups;
a detection light arrangement module for arranging a first detection light and a second detection light for detecting magnetic moments of the atomic groups;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first moment when the first detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and a second moment when the second detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group;
and the determining module is used for determining an angle between the first detection light and the second detection light based on the first moment, the second moment and the angular speed of the magnetic moment of the atomic group.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a quantum measurement device, where the device includes an atomic processing assembly, a first probe, and a second probe, where the atomic processing assembly includes a gas chamber, a heating structure, and a uniform processing member, where the atomic group is placed in the gas chamber, and inert gas is filled in the gas chamber; the air chamber is arranged in the heating structure; the uniform-speed treatment component is arranged outside the heating structure and is used for applying a magnetic field and a light field to the atomic groups so as to enable the magnetic moments of the atomic groups to perform uniform-speed circumferential rotation; the first measuring head and the second measuring head are arranged outside the heating structure, the light outlet of the first measuring head faces the atomic group, the light outlet of the second measuring head faces the atomic group, and the second measuring head and the first measuring head are arranged around the circumferential space of the atomic group.
Optionally, the uniform velocity processing means comprises a laser, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, and a third magnetic field coil; the laser, the first magnetic field coil, the second magnetic field coil and the third magnetic field coil are all arranged outside the heating structure, the coil plane of the first magnetic field coil is perpendicular to the first direction and is arranged towards the atomic group, the light outlet of the laser is parallel to the first direction and is arranged towards the atomic group, the coil plane of the second magnetic field coil is perpendicular to the second direction and is arranged towards the atomic group, and the coil plane of the third magnetic field coil is perpendicular to the third direction and is arranged towards the atomic group; the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.
Optionally, the atomic processing assembly further includes a magnetic shielding cylinder, the air chamber, the heating structure, the first magnetic field coil, the second magnetic field coil, and the third magnetic field coil are all located in the magnetic shielding cylinder, and the laser, the first probe, and the second probe are all located outside the magnetic shielding cylinder.
Optionally, the atomic processing assembly further comprises a first light processing member, a second light processing member, and a third light processing member;
the first light treatment component is arranged between the light outlet of the first measuring head and the magnetic field shielding cylinder and is used for adjusting first detection light emitted by the first measuring head;
the second light treatment component is arranged between the light outlet of the second measuring head and the magnetic field shielding cylinder and is used for adjusting second detection light emitted by the second measuring head;
the third light treatment component is arranged between the light outlet of the laser and the magnetic field shielding cylinder and is used for adjusting pumping light emitted by the laser.
Optionally, the first measuring head is a fixed measuring head, and the second measuring head is a movable measuring head.
In the embodiment of the application, atomic spin is utilized to construct a high uniform motion, namely, magnetic moment of an atomic group is enabled to perform uniform circumferential rotation motion as a time reference, a 'time grating' is formed, a traditional 'space grating' structure is abandoned, an equal period grating line with very high precision is not needed to be relied on as a displacement measurement reference, the use is more convenient, and the angular displacement of the atomic group can be determined by acquiring accurate first time and second time, so that the angle between the first detection light and the second detection light is determined, and the accuracy of quantum measurement is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a quantum measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the movement of an atomic group in a natural state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement of radicals under the action of a static magnetic field;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the movement of radicals under the action of static magnetic field and pumping light;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the movement of radicals under the action of a static magnetic field, pumping light and a radio frequency magnetic field in one direction;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the movement of radicals under the action of static magnetic field, pumping light and radio frequency magnetic field in two directions;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the relationship of magnetization in two coordinate systems;
FIG. 8 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between an atomic group and a first probe light and a second probe light under the action of a static magnetic field, pumping light and radio frequency magnetic fields in two directions;
fig. 8 (b) is a schematic diagram of determining an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first time, the second time, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum measurement device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 10 is a second schematic structural diagram of a quantum measurement device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of the protection of the present application.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged, as appropriate, such that embodiments of the present application may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, and that the objects identified by "first," "second," etc. are generally of a type and not limited to the number of objects, e.g., the first object may be one or more. Furthermore, in the description and claims, "and/or" means at least one of the connected objects, and the character "/", generally means that the associated object is an "or" relationship.
The quantum measurement method provided by the embodiment of the application is described in detail below through specific embodiments and application scenes thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the quantum measurement method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the following steps:
step S1, processing the atomic group to enable the magnetic moment of the atomic group to perform uniform circumferential rotation motion and obtain the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group,
atomic spin is an intrinsic property of an atom, which includes nuclear spin and electron spin, a "natural" motion. The spin of an atom has angular momentum and generates a spin magnetic moment μ, but as shown in fig. 2, the direction of the spin of an atom is disordered in a natural state, and in this case, measurement work cannot be performed by utilizing the phenomenon of the spin of an atom, and even if the spin magnetic moment of an atom is measured by an apparatus, the angular displacement of the obtained atom is inaccurate.
In the embodiment of the application, when an atom is influenced by a static magnetic field, for example, the atomic nucleus of the atom is influenced by a moment, and the motion of the magnetic moment of the atom is changed. For example, when an atom is affected by a light field, unidirectional polarization of the magnetic moment of the atom is formed, and movement of the magnetic moment of the atom is also affected. Therefore, a proper light field and a proper magnetic field are applied to the atomic group, so that the magnetic moment of the atomic group performs uniform circumferential rotation, and it is required to say that under the condition that the magnetic moment of the atomic group performs uniform circumferential rotation, the magnetic moment of the atomic group is measured, and the accurate angular displacement of the atomic group is obtained according to the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group.
A step S2 of arranging first detection light and second detection light for detecting magnetic moments of the atomic groups,
it should be noted that the first detection light and the second detection light may be linearly polarized light, the connection line of the first detection light and the atomic group and the connection line of the second detection light and the atomic group are located in the same plane, and a certain angle exists between the connection line of the first detection light and the atomic group and the connection line of the second detection light and the atomic group, that is, the first detection light and the second detection light are emitted to the atomic group from different directions. The magnetic moment of the atomic group performing uniform circumferential rotation movement forms a rotating magnetic field, and when the rotating magnetic field moves to the position of the first detection light or the second detection light, the optical signal of the first detection light or the second detection light changes.
Step S3, obtaining a first moment when the first detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and a second moment when the second detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group,
it will be appreciated that the time information at this moment, i.e. the first moment, is recorded when the first probe light detects a rotating magnetic field formed by the magnetic moment. When the second detection light detects a rotating magnetic field formed by magnetic moments of the atomic groups, time information of the moment, namely, a second moment is recorded.
And step S4, determining an angle between the first detection light and the second detection light based on the first moment, the second moment and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group.
From the first moment, the second moment and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group, the angular displacement of the atomic group is determined, and it is understood that the angular displacement of the atomic group coincides with the angle between the first detection light and the second detection light, and thus the angle between the first detection light and the second detection light can be derived. The angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group can be obtained by detecting the period of the signal of the first detection light in real time.
Therefore, in the quantum measurement method of the embodiment of the application, atomic spin is utilized to construct a high uniform motion, namely, magnetic moment of an atomic group is enabled to perform uniform circumferential rotation motion as a time reference, a 'time grating' is formed, a traditional 'space grating' structure is abandoned, an equal period grating line with very high precision is not needed to be relied on as a displacement measurement reference, the use is more convenient, the angular displacement of the atomic group can be determined by acquiring accurate first time and second time, the angle between the first detection light and the second detection light is further determined, and the accuracy of quantum measurement is greatly improved.
The quantum measurement method of the embodiment of the application can be applied to high-precision measurement, for example, when the displacement of a certain object needs to be measured, a first detection light is placed at the starting point of the object, a second detection light is placed at the end point of the object, the angle between the first detection light and the second detection light is obtained by utilizing atomic groups with magnetic moment capable of performing uniform circumferential rotation in the quantum measurement method, and the displacement of the object can be obtained through further calculation.
Optionally, in step S1, the atomic group is processed to make the magnetic moment of the atomic group perform uniform circumferential rotation motion, including:
a static magnetic field is applied to the radicals in a first direction,
the nuclear spin of each atom in an atomic group has angular momentum and will produce a spin magnetic moment μ. As shown in FIG. 3, the static magnetic field B is applied in a first direction, i.e., the Z-axis direction shown in FIG. 3 0 Due to the nuclear spin magnetic moment mu and static magnetic field B of the atoms 0 Is not uniform in the direction of atoms, the nuclei of atoms will be subjected to a direction perpendicular to mu and B 0 The moment of the plane formed acts to cause the nuclei of atoms to revolve around the static magnetic field B 0 The direction is larmor precession.
Applying pumping light to the radicals in the first direction;
as shown in fig. 4, pumping light is applied in a first direction, i.e., a Z-axis direction shown in fig. 4, and the pumping light may be circularly polarized pumping light, and atoms, which may be alkali metal atoms, are polarized by the pumping light. Based on the transition rule of conservation of angular momentum, the atomic energy level is concentrated to a specific energy level, and the orientation of the spin magnetic moment of electrons is polarized to a specific direction from any direction, so that unidirectional polarization of the magnetic moment of atoms is formed. Subsequently, the atomic group undergoes spin exchange collision with an inert gas working medium, and a macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment M is obtained in the Z-axis direction, and can also become magnetization intensity, wherein the magnetic moment of each atom in the atomic group precesses along the Z-axis at Larmor frequency.
And applying a radio frequency magnetic field to the atomic groups along a second direction and a third direction so as to enable magnetic moments of the atomic groups to perform uniform circumferential rotation motion around the first direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the third direction at the same time.
As shown in fig. 5, an oscillating magnetic field B having a frequency equal to the nucleus precession frequency of the atoms in the atomic group is applied in a second direction, i.e., in the Y-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction shown in fig. 5 1 cos(ω 0 t) putting the working medium of the atomic group in a zeeman energy level resonance state, namely enabling the precession frequency of the spin magnetic moment of the atomic group to form resonance with the radio frequency. This causes the nuclei of the radicals to self-alignThe spin magnetic moment precesses phase coherence in the XY plane, the macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment M is maximized, and the macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment is at a moment MxB 0 Is subjected to Larmor precession, the angular velocity ω of the precession 0 ＝γB 0 Where γ is the gyromagnetic ratio of the atoms in the radical, a characteristic constant determined by the type of nuclei of the atoms in the radical. Applied radio frequency magnetic field B 1 cos(ω 0 t) is a linear polarized magnetic field, which can be decomposed into two circular polarized magnetic fields with opposite rotation directions in the XY plane and rotating around the Z axis, a magnetic field with opposite rotation directions of the magnetic moment does not act, and only the magnetic field with the same direction as the magnetic moment precession can form resonance with the magnetic moment precession of the atomic group. Due to the linear polarized magnetic field in a single direction, the precession signal generated by the radio frequency can only be measured once in one direction during actual measurement detection. Therefore, when only one linear polarized magnetic field exists, the detection signals cannot be simultaneously measured in two directions in the XY plane.
As shown in FIG. 6, in order to obtain a phase difference between the precession of the atomic group to different positions by measuring the detection signals simultaneously in any two directions in the XY plane, an oscillating magnetic field B having a frequency equal to the frequency of the nuclear precession of the atoms in the atomic group is applied to each of the third direction, the X-axis direction, and the second direction, the Y-axis direction, perpendicular to the Z-axis 1 cos(ω 0 t) and-B 1 sin(ω 0 t) the macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment of the radical is at a moment MxB 0 Still produces a larmor precession clockwise (looking down the Z-axis as seen in fig. 6) under the action of the magnetic field in the XY plane
And->
The rotation in the clockwise direction and the Larmor precession form resonance. The nuclear spin magnetic moment M of the radical at this time is subject to +.>
And->
The influence of M on angular velocity ω about the center point of the XYZ spatial coordinate system 0 Is rotated at a constant speed, angular velocity omega 0 ＝γB 0 . At this time, the linearly polarized magnetic fields in two directions applied by the XY plane form a physically uniform circumferential rotating magnetic field. This allows the physical basis of simultaneous measurement of two probe signals in any direction in the XY plane to be achieved when actually measuring the probe signals. The specific principle is as follows:
as shown in FIG. 6, a static magnetic field B is applied in the Z-axis direction 0 And pumping light, the electron spin magnetic moment is polarized by the pumping light, and the atomic groups in the space will generate a macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment M along the Z-axis direction, also called magnetization. Although the individual atoms now precess along the Z-axis at the Larmor frequency, their phases are not uniform so they do not have polarization vector components in the XY plane, M L =0, in order to obtain M other than 0 L As a uniform rotation reference system of the time grating, uniform circumferential rotation motion (rotation direction is consistent with larmor precession direction) needs to be coherent with atomic spin magnetic moment to form macroscopic precession magnetization M. Adding a radio frequency magnetic field (the frequency of which is equal to the Larmor precession frequency of inert gas) with the same amplitude in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction respectively, wherein the directions of the radio frequency magnetic fields are orthogonal to the Z-axis, and the magnitudes of the radio frequency magnetic fields are respectively-B 1 sin(ω 0 t) and B 1 cos(ω 0 t) is synchronized by nuclear magnetic resonance in such a way that the atomic precession phases are coherent, and finally has a component M in the XY plane L 。
Under the action of the radio frequency magnetic field, the precession phase of the nuclear magnetic moment tends to be in phase from random distribution, so that the atomic nucleus system generates transverse and longitudinal magnetization intensity. If the radio frequency magnetic field is removed, it is found that the magnetization will fade over time, a phenomenon known as spin relaxation. Two time constants, T1 and T2, are used to describe the relaxation process. Longitudinal spin relaxation time T1, representing Z component M of M Z The time required to return to its equilibrium state along the Z axis. Transverse spin relaxation time T2, representing M X Or M Y Time to return to zero. The relaxation process can be expressed as:
wherein M is X Representing the X component of M Y Represents the Y component of M Z Represents the Z component of M, T1 represents the Z component M of M Z The time required to return to its equilibrium state along the Z axis, T2, represents M X Or M Y Time to return to zero. M is M L Represents the component formed in the XY plane by nuclear magnetic resonance of atoms in the atomic group by adding a radio frequency magnetic field with the same amplitude in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, M 0 Representing the equilibrium magnetization, dt represents the derivative over time. From formula (1):
wherein M is Lmax Represents M L Is a maximum value of (a). The bloch equation represents a model of the interaction of a magnetic field with M, which is derived from superposition of external fields and spin relaxation, i.e
(MXB) +spin relaxation, and gamma represents the magnetic spin ratio. The method can obtain the following steps:
wherein B is Z Representing the component of the magnetic field B in the Z-axis, B x Representing the component of the magnetic field B in the X-axis, B y Representing the component of the magnetic field B in the Y-axis. The magnetic field B can be expressed as
Wherein B is 0 For static magnetic field strength, +.>
Represents the radio frequency magnetic field strength in the X-axis direction,/-)>
Representing the intensity of the RF magnetic field along the Y-axis direction, B 0 Far greater than B 1 . Considering the X and Y vectors, respectively, the components of the clockwise vector of the Y component are:
the counterclockwise component of the Y component is:
the components of the clockwise vector of the X component are:
the components of the counterclockwise vector of the X component are:
because the atomic larmor precession is clockwise rotation, the radio frequency magnetic field only has the effect when the clockwise direction is consistent with the precession direction, so that only the component of the clockwise vector of the radio frequency magnetic field is added
Part at M L The rotation is effective. In this case, the formula (3) can be written as:
as shown in FIG. 7, a rotational coordinate system x is established with ω about the Z-axis ’ 、y ’ 、M x ‘ 、M y ‘ The size and direction are constant, and M can be obtained x 、M y And M x ‘ 、M y ‘ Expression of the transition between:
substituting the formula (5.1) and the formula (5.2) into the formula (4) yields:
equation (9) is calculated by subtracting equation (7) x sin (ωt) from equation (6) x cos (ωt), equation (10) is calculated by subtracting equation (7) x cos (ωt) from equation (6) x sin (ωt), and equation (8) is reduced to equation (11):
radio frequency magnetic field B x 、B y Equilibrium with M relaxation, M x ‘ 、M y ‘ 、M z Is constant, at this time has
Substituting the formulae (9), (10) and (11) to obtain:
substituting the formula (6.2) into the formulas (12) and (13) yields:
if ω=ω 0 I.e. omega-omega when the frequency of the applied radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the larmor precession frequency 0 =0, substituting formula (14), (15), (16), to obtain:
as described above, the system generates magnetization when a resonance steady state is reached under the action of the steady magnetic field and the radio frequency magnetic field. The component of the magnetization in the Z-axis direction remains unchanged and the component of the magnetization in the XY-plane can be expressed as:
its magnitude is unchanged at angular velocity omega 0 Rotated about the Z axis. That is, under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the magnetic moment M forms an angle with the Z axis and forms an angular velocity omega around the Z axis 0 And makes uniform circular rotation motion in XY plane.
The mutual observation of each other is performed between two coordinate systems which move at uniform speed, and the difference (displacement) of the positions in one coordinate system is expressed as the difference of the times observed in the other coordinate system. By applying static magnetic field, optical field and radio frequency magnetic field to the atomic group, the magnetic moment of the atomic group makes uniform circular rotation motion, and on the basis, the position difference (displacement) of the atomic group can be changed into time difference, so that the conversion of the measurement standard from space equally dividing to time equally dividing is realized. In addition, the measurement precision is directly determined by the uniformity of the atomic groups, and high uniformity is representative of high precision, so that the magnetic moment of the atomic groups performs uniform circumferential rotation through the steps, and the precision of the quantum measurement method provided by the embodiment of the application is ensured.
Optionally, step S4, determining an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first moment, the second moment, and an angular velocity of the magnetic moment, includes:
determining a target time difference based on the first time and the second time;
an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the target time difference and an angular velocity of the magnetic moment.
As shown in FIG. 8 (a), the nuclear spin magnetic moment M of the atomic group has an O angular frequency ω around the center of the XYZ space coordinate system 0 Is rotated at a constant speed. Recording a first time T when the first detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group O Recording a second time T when the magnetic moment of the atomic group is detected by the second detection light m The time difference Δt=t can be obtained from the first time instant and the second time instant m -T O Based on the "time grating", an angle θ=ω between the first probe light and the second probe light can be obtained 0 X Δt. Precession angular velocity omega of macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment of atomic group 0 By detecting the period T of the signal of the first probe light in real time 1 Obtained, therefore, the angle θ=ω between the first probe light and the second probe light 0 ×ΔT＝(2π/T 1 ) The delta T converts the angle measurement into time difference measurement, and the equal period grid line with extremely high accuracy is not needed to be used as a displacement measurement reference, so that the technical advantage is obvious, and the accuracy of a measurement structure is ensured.
Optionally, the position of the first detection light relative to the atomic group is unchanged, and the position of the second detection light relative to the first detection light is variable. As shown in fig. 8 (b), the first probe light is detected by the probe head P O The position of the probe is not changed, and the second probe light is emitted by the movable probe P m The displacement may send a change. Because the position of the movable measuring head is variable, the second detection light can be sent to the center point O at any position in the XY plane, and understandably, the angular displacement between any position in the XY plane of the first detection light and the second detection light can be detected, so that the application range of the quantum measurement method of the embodiment of the application is enlarged.
Preferably, the movable measuring head can rotate around the center point O at any speed in the XY plane, and the position between the movable measuring head and the fixed measuring head can be changed without manual operation, so that the quantum measuring method is more convenient.
For example, when it is required to measure the angular displacement of an object performing a circular motion, a fixed probe is disposed at the start point of the object, i.e., a first probe light is disposed, and a movable probe is disposed on the object, so that the movable probe moves together with the object, i.e., the position of a second probe light changes with the change of the position of the object.
According to the quantum measurement method provided by the embodiment of the application, the execution body can be a quantum measurement device. In the embodiment of the present application, taking a quantum measurement method performed by a quantum measurement device as an example, a quantum measurement device 900 provided in the implementation of the present application is described with reference to fig. 9. The device comprises:
the atomic processing module 901 is configured to process an atomic group, so that magnetic moments of the atomic group perform uniform circumferential rotation motion, and obtain angular velocities of the magnetic moments of the atomic group;
a detection light arrangement module 902 for arranging a first detection light and a second detection light for detecting magnetic moments of the atomic groups;
an acquisition module 903, configured to acquire a first time when the first probe light detects a magnetic moment of the atomic group and a second time when the second probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group;
a determining module 904, configured to determine an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first moment, the second moment, and an angular velocity of a magnetic moment of the atomic group.
Optionally, the atomic processing module 901 is further configured to:
applying a static magnetic field to the radicals in a first direction;
applying pumping light to the radicals in the first direction;
and applying a radio frequency magnetic field to the atomic groups along a second direction and a third direction so as to enable magnetic moments of the atomic groups to perform uniform circumferential rotation motion around the first direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the third direction at the same time.
Optionally, the determining module 904 is further configured to:
determining a target time difference based on the first time and the second time;
an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the target time difference and an angular velocity of the magnetic moment.
Optionally, the position of the first detection light relative to the atomic group is unchanged, and the position of the second detection light relative to the first detection light is variable.
According to the quantum measurement device provided by the embodiment of the application, the magnetic moment of the atomic group can perform uniform circumferential rotation motion, and the angle between the first detection light and the second detection light is determined based on the first moment and the second moment detected by the first detection light and the second detection light.
It should be noted that, the quantum measurement device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the technical processes of the quantum measurement method, and can achieve the same technical effects, so that repetition is avoided, and no further description is provided herein.
The embodiment of the application also provides a quantum measurement device, which comprises an atomic processing assembly, a first measuring head 2 and a second measuring head 3, wherein the atomic processing assembly comprises a gas chamber 11, a heating structure 12 and a uniform speed processing member, the atomic groups are placed in the gas chamber 11, and inert gas is filled in the gas chamber 11; the air chamber 11 is arranged in the heating structure 12; the uniform-speed processing member is arranged outside the heating structure 12 and is used for applying a magnetic field and a light field to the atomic groups so as to enable the magnetic moments of the atomic groups to perform uniform-speed circumferential rotation; the first measuring head 2 and the second measuring head 3 are arranged outside the heating structure 12, the light outlet of the first measuring head 2 faces the atomic group, the light outlet of the second measuring head 3 faces the atomic group, and the second measuring head 3 and the first measuring head 2 are arranged around the circumferential space of the atomic group.
As shown in fig. 10, the atomic group moves in the gas chamber 11, the gas chamber 11 is a glass gas chamber 11, and the gas chamber 11 is cylindrical or spherical, and is filled with an inert gas as a working medium. The heating structure 12 wraps the air chamber 11, and the heating structure 12 is made of boron nitride material, has no magnetism and cannot influence the movement of atomic groups. The uniform velocity processing component is used for enabling the magnetic moment of the atomic group to perform uniform velocity circular rotation motion. The first probe 2 is configured to emit first probe light, i.e., probe light o shown in fig. 10, and the second probe 3 is configured to emit second probe light, i.e., probe light m shown in fig. 10, and the first probe 2 and the second probe 3 emit the first probe light and the second probe light from different angles to the gas cell 11. When the first detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group, the optical signal changes, the corresponding first moment is recorded, the same second moment of the optical signal changes of the magnetic moment of the atomic group detected by the second detection light is recorded, and the angular displacement of the atomic group can be determined according to the first moment, the second moment and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group, so that the angle between the first measuring head 2 and the second measuring head 3 is determined. The air chamber 11, the heating structure 12 and the uniform velocity processing member ensure high uniform velocity of atomic groups, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the quantum measuring device in the embodiment of the application.
Optionally, the uniform velocity processing means includes a laser 134, a first magnetic field coil 131, a second magnetic field coil 132, and a third magnetic field coil 133; the laser 134, the first magnetic field coil 131, the second magnetic field coil 132 and the third magnetic field coil 133 are all disposed outside the heating structure 12, a coil plane of the first magnetic field coil 131 is perpendicular to a first direction and is disposed toward the atomic group, a light outlet of the laser 134 is parallel to the first direction and is disposed toward the atomic group, a coil plane of the second magnetic field coil 132 is perpendicular to a second direction and is disposed toward the atomic group, and a coil plane of the third magnetic field coil 133 is perpendicular to a third direction and is disposed toward the atomic group; the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.
Referring to fig. 8 and 10 in combination, the first direction is the Z-axis direction shown in fig. 8, the second direction is the Y-axis direction shown in fig. 8, and the third direction is the X-axis direction shown in fig. 8. The laser 134 is configured to emit pumping light, the first magnetic field coil 131 is energized to generate a static magnetic field along a first direction, the second magnetic field coil 132 is energized to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along a second direction, and the third magnetic field coil 133 is energized to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along a third direction, so that magnetic moments of the atomic groups perform uniform circumferential rotation motion with high uniform velocity around the first direction under the combined action of the pumping light, the static magnetic field along the first direction, the radio frequency magnetic field along the second direction and the radio frequency magnetic field along the third direction. The higher the uniformity is, the more accurate the angular displacement of the atomic group is measured, and therefore, the accuracy of the quantum measurement device of the embodiment of the application is further improved through the uniform-speed processing component.
Optionally, the atomic processing assembly further includes a magnetic shielding cylinder 14, the air chamber 11, the heating structure 12, the first magnetic field coil 131, the second magnetic field coil 132, and the third magnetic field coil 133 are all located in the magnetic shielding cylinder 14, and the laser 134, the first measuring head 2, and the second measuring head 3 are all located outside the magnetic shielding cylinder 14.
As shown in fig. 10, the air chamber 11, the heating structure 12, the first magnetic field coil 131, the second magnetic field coil 132 and the third magnetic field coil 133 are all wrapped in the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14, and the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14 is used for shielding interference of external magnetic fields, so that uniformity of magnetic moment motion of atomic groups is ensured, and therefore accuracy of the quantum measuring device in the embodiment of the application is further ensured.
Optionally, the atomic processing assembly further comprises a first light processing member, a second light processing member, and a third light processing member; the first light processing component is arranged between the light outlet of the first measuring head 2 and the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14, and is used for adjusting first detection light emitted by the first measuring head 2; the second light processing component is arranged between the light outlet of the second measuring head 3 and the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14 and is used for adjusting second detection light emitted by the second measuring head 3; the third light treatment means is disposed between the light outlet of the laser 134 and the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14, and is used for adjusting pumping light emitted from the laser 134.
As shown in fig. 10, the third light processing means includes a first half-wave plate 151 (a), a PBS152, a beam expander 153, a second half-wave plate 151 (B), a gram taylor prism 154 (a), and a quarter-wave plate 155, which are sequentially arranged in the direction of pumping light to the air cell 11 shown in fig. 10. Optionally, the pumping light is pumping light with a wavelength of 795nm and linearly polarized with atoms in the atomic group. The pump light is circularly polarized light, and the quarter wave plate 155 changes the linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. The first half-wave plate 151 (a), the PBS152, and the second half-wave plate 151 (B) are used to continuously adjust the intensity of the pump light. The beam expander 153 enlarges the spot diameter of the pump light, so that atoms can be sufficiently polarized.
The first light processing means includes a third half wave plate 151 (C) and a grateh prism 154 (B) sequentially arranged in the direction of the probe light o to the gas cell 11 shown in fig. 10, alternatively, the probe light may be linearly polarized light having a wavelength of 780nm, the grateh prism 154 (B) is used to purify the polarization of the probe light, and the combination of the third half wave plate 151 (C) and the grateh prism 154 (B) may continuously adjust the intensity of the probe light. The second light processing member includes a fourth half wave plate 151 (D) and a gram taylor prism 154 (C) sequentially arranged in the direction of the probe light m to the air cell 11 shown in fig. 10, and since the structure and advantageous effects of the second light processing member are the same as those of the first light processing member, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
In addition, in order to reduce the absorption of probe light by atoms at high temperatures, the frequency of probe light needs to be 20GHZ away from the atomic absorption region.
The quantum measuring device further comprises a fifth half wave plate 151 (E), a sixth half wave plate 151 (F), a first differential detector 4 and a second differential detector 5, the first differential detector 4, i.e. P as shown in FIG. 10 m Differential detector and first measuring head 2 pairsThe air cell 11 is located between the first differential probe 4 and the first gauge head 2, and the fifth half wave plate 151 (E) is disposed between the first differential probe 4 and the air cell 11. A second differential detector 5, i.e. P as shown in FIG. 10 O The differential probe corresponds to the second probe 3, and the air cell 11 is also located between the second differential probe 5 and the second probe 3, and the sixth half wave plate 151 (F) is arranged between the second differential probe 5 and the air cell 11. The first differential detector 4 is used for detecting the optical signal of the first measuring head 2, and the second differential detector 5 is used for detecting the optical signal of the second measuring head 3. The fifth and sixth half wave plates 151 (E) and 151 (F) may be used to adjust the light intensity difference of the first and second detection lights.
By the arrangement of the first light treatment component, the second light treatment component and the third light treatment component, uniform circular motion of magnetic moment of atomic groups and accuracy of detection results of the first measuring head 2 and the second measuring head 3 are further guaranteed, and therefore accuracy of the whole quantum measuring device is improved.
Optionally, the first measuring head 2 is a fixed measuring head, and the second measuring head 3 is a movable measuring head.
Referring to fig. 8 and 10, since the position of the movable probe is variable, the second probe light can be sent to the center point O at any position in the XY plane, and it can be understood that the angular displacement between the first probe and the second entry at any position in the XY plane can be detected, so that the application range of the quantum measurement method of the embodiment of the present application is enlarged.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatus in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing the functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing the functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in an opposite order depending on the functions involved, e.g., the described methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes or substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of quantum measurement, the method comprising:
treating the atomic group to enable the magnetic moment of the atomic group to perform uniform circumferential rotation movement, and obtaining the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group;
arranging first detection light and second detection light for detecting magnetic moments of the atomic groups;
acquiring a first moment when the first detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and a second moment when the second detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group;
an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the first time, the second time, and an angular velocity of a magnetic moment of the atomic group.
2. The quantum measurement method of claim 1, wherein the treating the atomic group to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic group to perform uniform circumferential rotation comprises:
applying a static magnetic field to the radicals in a first direction;
applying pumping light to the radicals in the first direction;
and applying a radio frequency magnetic field to the atomic groups along a second direction and a third direction so as to enable magnetic moments of the atomic groups to perform uniform circumferential rotation motion around the first direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the third direction at the same time.
3. The quantum measurement method of claim 2, wherein the determining the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first time, the second time, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment comprises:
determining a target time difference based on the first time and the second time;
an angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the target time difference and an angular velocity of the magnetic moment.
4. A quantum measurement method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the position of the first probe light relative to the atomic group is unchanged and the position of the second probe light relative to the first probe light is variable.
5. A quantum measurement device, the device comprising:
the atomic processing module is used for processing the atomic groups so as to enable the magnetic moments of the atomic groups to perform uniform circumferential rotation motion and obtain the angular velocity of the magnetic moments of the atomic groups;
a detection light arrangement module for arranging a first detection light and a second detection light for detecting magnetic moments of the atomic groups;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first moment when the first detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and a second moment when the second detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group;
and the determining module is used for determining an angle between the first detection light and the second detection light based on the first moment, the second moment and the angular speed of the magnetic moment of the atomic group.
6. The quantum measurement device is characterized by comprising an atomic processing assembly, a first measuring head and a second measuring head, wherein the atomic processing assembly comprises an air chamber, a heating structure and a uniform speed processing member, an atomic group is placed in the air chamber, and inert gas is filled in the air chamber; the air chamber is arranged in the heating structure; the uniform-speed treatment component is arranged outside the heating structure and is used for applying a magnetic field and a light field to the atomic groups so as to enable the magnetic moments of the atomic groups to perform uniform-speed circumferential rotation; the first measuring head and the second measuring head are arranged outside the heating structure, the light outlet of the first measuring head faces the atomic group, the light outlet of the second measuring head faces the atomic group, and the second measuring head and the first measuring head are arranged around the circumferential space of the atomic group.
7. The quantum measurement device of claim 6, wherein the uniform velocity processing means comprises a laser, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, and a third magnetic field coil; the laser, the first magnetic field coil, the second magnetic field coil and the third magnetic field coil are all arranged outside the heating structure, the coil plane of the first magnetic field coil is perpendicular to the first direction and is arranged towards the atomic group, the light outlet of the laser is parallel to the first direction and is arranged towards the atomic group, the coil plane of the second magnetic field coil is perpendicular to the second direction and is arranged towards the atomic group, and the coil plane of the third magnetic field coil is perpendicular to the third direction and is arranged towards the atomic group; the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.
8. The quantum measurement device of claim 7, wherein the atomic processing assembly further comprises a magnetic field shielding cylinder, wherein the gas chamber, the heating structure, the first magnetic field coil, the second magnetic field coil, and the third magnetic field coil are all located within the magnetic field shielding cylinder, and wherein the laser, the first gauge head, and the second gauge head are all located outside the magnetic field shielding cylinder.
9. The quantum measurement device of claim 8, wherein the atomic processing assembly further comprises a first light processing member, a second light processing member, and a third light processing member;
the first light treatment component is arranged between the light outlet of the first measuring head and the magnetic field shielding cylinder and is used for adjusting first detection light emitted by the first measuring head;
the second light treatment component is arranged between the light outlet of the second measuring head and the magnetic field shielding cylinder and is used for adjusting second detection light emitted by the second measuring head;
the third light treatment component is arranged between the light outlet of the laser and the magnetic field shielding cylinder and is used for adjusting pumping light emitted by the laser.
10. A quantum measurement device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the first probe is a stationary probe and the second probe is a movable probe.
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| CN202310041537.1A CN116027234A (en) | 2023-01-11 | 2023-01-11 | Quantum measurement method and device |
| PCT/CN2023/140503 WO2024149040A1 (en) | 2023-01-11 | 2023-12-21 | Quantum measurement method and apparatus |
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| JP5682344B2 (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2015-03-11 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Magnetic measuring device and biological state measuring device |
| US8941377B2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2015-01-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Optically pumped magnetometer and magnetic sensing method |
| JP6171355B2 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2017-08-02 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Magnetic field measuring device |
| WO2016016977A1 (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Gas cell, method of manufacturing same, and physical quantity measurement device |
| CN105509725B (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2019-05-21 | 中国航空工业第六一八研究所 | A kind of miniaturization magnetic resonance gyroscope instrument |
| CN107063226B (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2023-05-02 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Double-air-chamber nuclear spin gyroscope and control method thereof |
| CN108267407A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Device and method for measuring transverse spin relaxation time of alkali metal atoms |
| US11187765B2 (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2021-11-30 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Apparatus and method for lower magnetometer drift with increased accuracy |
| CN116027234A (en) * | 2023-01-11 | 2023-04-28 | 重庆理工大学 | Quantum measurement method and device |
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