CN116026649B - Online continuous monitoring system and method for total mercury concentration and form of fixed source flue gas - Google Patents
Online continuous monitoring system and method for total mercury concentration and form of fixed source flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN116026649B CN116026649B CN202211549227.2A CN202211549227A CN116026649B CN 116026649 B CN116026649 B CN 116026649B CN 202211549227 A CN202211549227 A CN 202211549227A CN 116026649 B CN116026649 B CN 116026649B
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001391 atomic fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012470 diluted sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])=O BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019252 potassium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000693 bioaccumulation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002482 cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002530 cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for continuously monitoring total mercury concentration and morphology of fixed source flue gas on line, wherein the monitoring method comprises the following steps: s1, extracting the flue gas in the fixed source by using a sampling gun, S2, introducing the flue gas into a first filtering unit, S3, introducing the flue gas exhausted from the first filtering unit into a mixer so as to mix the flue gas with air in the mixer in proportion, S4, introducing the flue gas exhausted from the mixer into a reduction unit so as to convert gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas into gaseous elemental mercury, or introducing the flue gas exhausted from the mixer into an adsorption unit so as to remove the gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas by using a detection piece, and S5, reducing the concentration of the gaseous elemental mercury in the flue gas exhausted from the unit or the adsorption unit. The monitoring method has the advantages of convenient use and accurate measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and pollutant emission monitoring, in particular to a system and a method for continuously monitoring total mercury concentration and morphology of fixed source flue gas on line.
Background
Mercury pollution is extremely toxic, persistent, global and bioaccumulative. Anthropogenic atmospheric mercury emissions are an important contributor to global mercury pollution. The method is characterized in that five industries such as coal-fired power plants, coal-fired industrial boilers, cement production, nonferrous metal smelting and waste incineration are main control sources aiming at atmospheric mercury emission control by the international mercury convention, and are key industries for developing mercury monitoring.
For on-line monitoring of mercury emission, it is critical to accurately grasp the change rule of the emission concentration of the mercury of the fixed source in real time, so as to accurately obtain the total emission measurement amount of the mercury, but the concentration of the mercury of the fixed source is far lower than other conventional pollutants, and forms of gaseous elemental mercury, gaseous bivalent mercury and the like exist. In the related art, only gaseous elemental mercury can be measured by using a mercury analyzer, and particulate matters, acid gas components, moisture, temperature fluctuation and the like in the fixed source flue gas can influence a measurement result, so that the measurement difficulty is very high.
In addition, in the related art, gold amalgam enrichment technology can be utilized, and then cold state atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS), cold atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) and other methods are adopted for measurement, but the measurement system is complex and has high failure rate, and the method can not only measure the total mercury (containing gaseous elemental mercury, gaseous bivalent mercury and solid particle mercury) in flue gas, but also can distinguish the form of mercury.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides an online continuous monitoring method for the total mercury concentration and the form of the fixed source flue gas, which can measure the total mercury concentration of the flue gas (namely, gaseous elemental mercury, gaseous bivalent mercury and solid particle mercury) and distinguish the form of the mercury, and has the advantages of convenient use and accurate measurement.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the form of fixed source flue gas on line, which comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting smoke in a fixed source by using a sampling gun;
s2, introducing the extracted flue gas into a first filtering unit, and controlling the temperature of the first filtering unit to be more than or equal to 120 ℃ and less than or equal to 200 ℃ by using a first heater so as to avoid the conversion of granular mercury of the flue gas in a second filtering unit into gaseous mercury;
s3, introducing the flue gas exhausted by the first filtering unit into a mixer so as to mix the flue gas with air in the mixer in proportion, wherein the ratio of the air to the flue gas is 20-200;
s4, introducing the flue gas discharged by the mixer into a reduction unit so that the reduction unit converts gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas into gaseous elemental mercury, or introducing the flue gas discharged by the mixer into an adsorption unit so that the adsorption unit removes the gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas;
s5, detecting the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury in the flue gas exhausted by the reduction unit or the adsorption unit by using the detection piece.
According to the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the fixed source flue gas on line, the flue gas is led into the first filtering unit, the first filtering unit converts the granular mercury in the flue gas into gaseous mercury, then the gaseous mercury is led into the reduction unit or the adsorption unit, and finally the total mercury concentration or the total gaseous mercury concentration of the flue gas is correspondingly detected by the detection part, so that the content of the granular mercury is obtained by utilizing the difference between the total mercury concentration and the total gaseous mercury concentration of the flue gas;
and (3) introducing the flue gas into a second filtering unit, adsorbing granular mercury in the flue gas by the second filtering unit, introducing the flue gas into a reduction unit or an adsorption unit, and finally detecting the total gaseous mercury concentration or the elemental gaseous mercury concentration by using a detection part, thereby obtaining the content of the gaseous bivalent mercury by using the difference between the total gaseous mercury concentration and the elemental gaseous mercury concentration.
Therefore, the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the fixed source flue gas in an online manner can measure the total mercury concentration of the flue gas (namely, can measure gaseous elemental mercury, gaseous bivalent mercury and solid particle mercury) and distinguish the morphology of mercury, and has the advantages of convenience in use and accuracy in measurement.
In some embodiments, S2 comprises: and (3) introducing the extracted flue gas into the first filtering unit, or introducing the extracted flue gas into the second filtering unit, and controlling the temperature of the second filtering unit to be more than or equal to 600 ℃ and less than or equal to 900 ℃ by utilizing the second heater so as to convert the granular mercury of the flue gas in the second filtering unit into gaseous mercury.
In some embodiments, S3 comprises: utilizing an air pump to enable negative pressure to be formed in the mixer so as to enable smoke exhausted by the first filtering unit or the second filtering unit to be introduced into the mixer, so that air and the smoke are convenient to mix in the mixer;
the flow rate of the flue gas discharged from the first filter unit or the second filter unit is stabilized by a constant flow member so as to introduce the flue gas with stabilized flow into the mixer.
In some embodiments, further comprising: prior to S1, a negative pressure is created downstream of the first filter unit and downstream of the second filter unit using an air pump to enable the flue gas within the stationary source to enter the sampling gun.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of:
s6, back blowing is carried out on the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit by utilizing an air pump, and particles in the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit are back blown into the fixed source through the sampling gun.
The online continuous monitoring system for the total mercury concentration and the form of the fixed source flue gas provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components:
a sampling gun having a bleed end and a bleed end, the bleed end being adapted to be connected to a stationary source for extracting smoke from the stationary source,
the filtering device comprises a first filtering unit, and the exhaust end of the filtering device is communicated with the first end of the first filtering unit so as to prevent particulate mercury in the flue gas in the first filtering unit from being converted into gaseous mercury;
a mixer, a first end of the mixer being in communication with a second end of the first filter unit, such that the flue gas exiting the first filter unit is mixed with air in the mixer;
the reaction device comprises a reduction unit and an adsorption unit, wherein the second end of the first filtering unit is selectively communicated with the first end of the reduction unit and the first end of the adsorption unit, the reduction unit is used for converting gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas into gaseous elemental mercury, and the adsorption unit is used for adsorbing the gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas;
the detection piece is communicated with the second end of the reduction unit and the second end of the adsorption unit and is used for detecting the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury in the flue gas exhausted by the reduction unit or the adsorption unit.
In some embodiments, the filter device further comprises a second filter unit, the exhaust end being in selective communication with the first end of the first filter unit and the first end of the second filter unit, the second filter unit being for converting particulate mercury in the flue gas to gaseous mercury.
In some embodiments, the power assembly further comprises a power assembly comprising an air pump and a drain conduit, a first end of the drain conduit connected to the air pump, a second end of the drain conduit connected to the stationary source,
the drainage tube is communicated with the downstream of the first filtering unit and the downstream of the second filtering unit, so that when the air pump is started, negative pressure is formed on the drainage tube, and the flue gas in the sampling gun is convenient to enter the first filtering unit or the second filtering unit.
In some embodiments, further comprising a mixer disposed between the filtration device and the reaction device,
the power assembly further comprises a jet flow pipeline, a first end of the jet flow pipeline is connected with the air pump, a second end of the jet flow pipeline is connected with the mixer, so that negative pressure is formed at the second end of the jet flow pipeline when the air pump is used for pumping air into the jet flow pipeline, and flue gas in the first filtering unit or the second filtering unit is beneficial to enter the mixer and be fully mixed with the air.
In some embodiments, the power assembly further comprises a jet pipe, a first end of the jet pipe is connected with the air pump, and a second end of the jet pipe is connected with the mixer, so that when the air pump is used for introducing air into the jet pipe, negative pressure is formed at the second end of the jet pipe, and flue gas in the first filtering unit or the second filtering unit is favorably conveyed into the mixer to be fully mixed with the air;
the monitoring system further comprises a constant-flow piece, wherein the constant-flow piece is arranged between the second end of the jet flow pipeline and the filtering device, so that after negative pressure is formed in the mixer, the flow speed of the flue gas in the conveying process is stabilized by the constant-flow piece.
In some embodiments, the power assembly further comprises a blowback conduit, a first end of the blowback conduit is connected to the air pump, and a second end of the blowback conduit is connected between the constant flow member and the filter device to blow air into the first filter unit and the second filter unit using the air pump and the blowback conduit to return dust from the first filter unit and the second filter unit to the stationary source through the sampling gun.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for continuously monitoring total mercury concentration and morphology of a fixed source flue gas on line according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and morphology of a fixed source flue gas in an on-line manner according to another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and morphology of a fixed source flue gas in an on-line manner according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an online continuous monitoring system for total mercury concentration and morphology of a fixed source flue gas according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system for on-line continuous monitoring of total mercury concentration and morphology in a fixed source flue gas according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for on-line continuous monitoring of total mercury concentration and morphology of a stationary source flue gas according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a stationary source 100; a delivery conduit 200; a first valve 300; a second valve 400; a connection pipe 500;
a sampling gun 1; an air extraction end 11; an exhaust end 12; a heat insulating layer 13;
a first filter unit 21;
a second filter unit 22;
a reduction unit 31;
an adsorption unit 32;
a detecting member 4;
a power assembly 5; an air pump 51; a drainage tube 52; a drainage device 53; a jet pipe 54; a jet device 55; blowback pipe 56; a shutoff valve 57;
a mixer 8;
a constant flow member 9;
a mercury standard gas generator 10.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the form of the fixed source flue gas on line in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting the smoke in the fixed source by using a sampling gun.
S2, introducing the extracted flue gas into a first filtering unit, and controlling the temperature of the first filtering unit to be more than or equal to 120 ℃ and less than or equal to 200 ℃ by utilizing a first heater so as to avoid the conversion of the granular mercury of the flue gas in a second filtering unit into gaseous mercury.
It will be appreciated that the particulate mercury cannot be converted to gaseous mercury at a temperature of 120-200 c, preferably the temperature of the first filter unit is controlled to 180 c by the first heating element to avoid conversion of particulate mercury of the flue gas in the second filter unit to gaseous mercury.
It should be noted that the monitoring method can be used for detecting the concentration of gaseous total mercury, the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury and the concentration of gaseous bivalent mercury in flue gas.
S3, introducing the flue gas exhausted by the first filtering unit into a mixer so as to mix the flue gas with air in the mixer in proportion, wherein the ratio of the air to the flue gas is 20-200;
it can be understood that after the flue gas passes through the first filtering unit, the concentration of the flue gas is uneven due to the unstable factors in the conveying process, and then the flue gas concentration detection has a certain error, so that the flue gas exhausted by the first filtering unit is introduced into the mixer, and the flue gas is fully mixed with the air in the mixer, so that the flue gas concentration is uniform, and the subsequent detection is convenient.
And S4, introducing the flue gas discharged from the mixer into a reduction unit so that the reduction unit converts gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas into gaseous elemental mercury, or introducing the flue gas discharged from the mixer into an adsorption unit so that the adsorption unit removes the gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas.
Wherein, the alkaline deacidification material and the reducing material are placed in the reducing unit, and the alkaline deacidification material can be calcium oxide so as to remove sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other acid gases in the flue gas; the reducing material may be potassium sulfite, which in turn is capable of converting gaseous divalent mercury in the flue gas in the reduction unit into gaseous elemental mercury. In addition, when the self temperature of the reduction unit reaches 800 ℃, the flue gas can automatically perform reduction reaction in the reduction unit, so that the addition of a reduction material can be avoided; the adsorption unit is provided with an adsorption material, and the adsorption material can be calcium oxide so as to adsorb gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas in the adsorption unit.
It should be noted that, when in use, the duration of the flue gas flowing into the reduction unit and the adsorption unit needs to be ensured, for example, after the flue gas flowing into the reduction unit for 5 minutes is detected by the detection element; and then the flue gas is introduced into the adsorption unit for 5 minutes, and the mercury concentration is detected by using the detection part, so that the effectiveness of measurement is ensured.
S5, detecting the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury in the flue gas exhausted by the reduction unit or the adsorption unit by using the detection piece.
The detection part is a mercury analyzer, and the analyzer can adopt a cold state atomic absorption spectrometry, a cold atomic fluorescence spectrometry or a Zeeman modulation atomic absorption spectrometry, preferably, a Zeeman effect analyzer is adopted, so that the interference of background gas in smoke can be eliminated, and the requirement of high-precision measurement of diluted sample gas can be met by adopting a multi-optical path cell.
In other words, the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the fixed source flue gas in the embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the flue gas is introduced into the first filtering unit so as to filter impurities such as dust in the flue gas and prevent particulate mercury in the flue gas from being converted into gaseous mercury, then is introduced into the reduction unit or the adsorption unit, and finally the concentration of the gaseous total mercury or the concentration of the gaseous elemental mercury is correspondingly detected by using the detection part, so that the concentration of the gaseous bivalent mercury is obtained by using the difference between the concentration of the gaseous total mercury and the concentration of the gaseous elemental mercury.
Therefore, the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the fixed source flue gas in an online manner can measure the concentration of mercury in the flue gas (namely, can measure gaseous elemental mercury and gaseous bivalent mercury) and distinguish the morphology of mercury, and has the advantages of convenience in use and accuracy in measurement.
In some embodiments, S2 comprises: and (3) introducing the extracted flue gas into the first filtering unit, or introducing the extracted flue gas into the second filtering unit, and controlling the temperature of the second filtering unit to be more than or equal to 600 ℃ and less than or equal to 900 ℃ by utilizing the second heater so as to convert the granular mercury of the flue gas in the second filtering unit into gaseous mercury.
It will be appreciated that the temperature of the second filter unit is controlled to 600-900 c by the second heater, which is capable of substantially converting particulate mercury in the flue gas to gaseous mercury, preferably 800 c by the second heater.
When the concentrations of the gaseous elemental mercury, the gaseous divalent mercury and the solid particulate mercury are detected, the flue gas extracted by the sampling gun can be introduced into the second filter unit, namely, the flue gas is introduced into the second filter unit, the particulate mercury in the flue gas is converted into the gaseous mercury by the second filter unit, and then the gaseous mercury is introduced into the reduction unit, and finally, the gaseous total mercury concentration is correspondingly detected by the detection element, so that the concentration of the particulate mercury is obtained by using the difference between the gaseous total mercury concentration detected by the flue gas after passing through the first filter unit and the gaseous total mercury concentration detected by the flue gas after passing through the second filter unit.
Of course, according to actual monitoring requirements, the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the form of the fixed source flue gas on line in the embodiment of the invention can be provided with only the first filter unit or only the second filter unit. That is, when the filtration apparatus is provided with only the first filtration unit, the reaction apparatus is provided with the reduction unit and the adsorption unit, i.e., the monitoring method of the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in fig. 1; when the filtering device is provided with the second filtering unit, the reaction device is provided with the reduction unit, namely the monitoring method of the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 3; alternatively, when the filter device is provided with the first filter unit and the second filter unit, the reaction device is provided with the reduction unit and the adsorption unit, i.e., the monitoring method of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 2.
In some embodiments, S3 comprises: the air pump is utilized to promote the formation of negative pressure in the mixer so as to lead the smoke exhausted by the first filtering unit or the second filtering unit into the mixer, thereby facilitating the mixing of air and smoke in the mixer.
It can be understood that the air pump is utilized to introduce air into the mixer, so that negative pressure is formed in the mixer, and the mixer is communicated with the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit, so that when the sampling gun is communicated with the first filtering unit, flue gas in the sampling gun can enter the mixer through the first filtering unit and form mixed air with air in the mixer; similarly, when negative pressure is formed in the mixer, and the sampling gun is communicated with the second filtering unit, the smoke in the sampling gun can enter the mixer through the second filtering unit, and mixed gas is formed in the mixer.
In some embodiments, in S3, the flow rate of the flue gas exiting the first filter unit or the second filter unit is stabilized with a constant flow member so as to pass the flow-stabilized flue gas into the mixer.
It is understood that the constant flow member may be a sonic orifice, i.e. when the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the constant flow member exceeds the critical pressure difference, then the flow of flue gas flowing through the constant flow member will be at a certain value and not be increasing, thereby achieving the effect of stabilizing flow.
In some embodiments, the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the fixed source flue gas in an online manner further comprises the following steps: before S2, marking mercury in the flue gas extracted by the sampling gun by utilizing a mercury standard gas generator so as to form contrast after the mercury content of the detection part is utilized, and calibrating the mercury content of the flue gas.
It can be understood that when the sampling gun is communicated with one of the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit, the flue gas in the sampling gun can be discharged through the exhaust end, and then before the flue gas reaches the exhaust end, the mercury element in the flue gas is marked by using the mercury standard gas generator, the numerical value is recorded, and after the detection is completed by the detection piece, the data recorded by using the mercury standard gas generator can be compared with the data detected by the detection piece so as to be used for verifying the accuracy of the detection data.
In some embodiments, the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the fixed source flue gas in an online manner further comprises the following steps: prior to S1, a negative pressure is created downstream of the first filter unit and downstream of the second filter unit using an air pump to enable the flue gas within the stationary source to enter the sampling gun.
It will be appreciated that the air outlet of the air pump communicates with both the downstream of the first filter unit and the downstream of the second filter unit and the air pump is activated to expel air from the air outlet, then the junction of the downstream of the first filter unit and the downstream of the second filter unit with the air outlet creates a negative pressure and one of the first filter unit and the second filter unit communicates with the sampling gun, whereby flue gas within the stationary source can enter the sampling gun.
In some embodiments, the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the fixed source flue gas in an online manner further comprises the following steps:
s6, back blowing is carried out on the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit by utilizing an air pump, and particles in the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit are back blown into the fixed source through the sampling gun.
It will be appreciated that by using an air pump to blow air into one of the first and second filter units, then when one of the first and second filter units is in communication with the sampling gun, dust within one of the first and second filter units can be blown into the stationary source through the sampling gun using air provided by the air pump.
The following describes an online continuous monitoring system for total mercury concentration and form of fixed source flue gas according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the online continuous monitoring system for total mercury concentration and morphology of a fixed source flue gas according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a sampling gun 1, a filter device, a mixer 8, a reaction device and a detection member 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the sampling gun 1 has a suction end 11 and a discharge end 12, the suction end 11 being adapted to be connected to a stationary source 100 for extracting flue gas from the stationary source 100. The outer wall surface of the sampling gun 1 is provided with an insulating layer 13, and the insulating layer 13 is arranged around the sampling gun 1 so as to keep the temperature in the sampling gun 1 between 120 ℃ and 200 ℃. Preferably, the temperature inside the sampling gun 1 is kept at 180 ℃.
The filter device comprises a first filter unit 21, the exhaust end 12 being in communication with a first end of the first filter unit 21, the first filter unit 21 being arranged to avoid the conversion of particulate mercury in the flue gas in the first filter unit to gaseous mercury.
It will be appreciated that, when the exhaust end 12 is in communication with the first filter unit 21, flue gas can enter the first filter unit 21 from the exhaust end 12,
that is, when the exhaust end 12 communicates with the first filter unit 21, the flue gas in the sampling gun 1 can enter the first filter unit 21, and particulate mercury in the flue gas can be converted to gaseous mercury within the first filter unit 21. And the first end of the mixer is communicated with the second end of the first filtering unit, so that the smoke exhausted by the first filtering unit is mixed with air in the mixer.
Specifically, the mixer 8 is disposed between the filtering device and the reaction device, the power assembly 5 further includes a jet flow pipe 54, a first end of the jet flow pipe 54 is connected to the air pump 51, and a second end of the jet flow pipe 54 is connected to the mixer 8, so that when the air pump 51 supplies air to the jet flow pipe 54, a negative pressure is formed at the second end of the jet flow pipe 54, which is beneficial to the first filtering unit 21 or the second filtering unit 22 for delivering the flue gas into the mixer 8. Preferably, the ratio of air to flue gas is 20-200.
It will be appreciated that as shown in fig. 4, the first end of the jet flow conduit 54 is connected to the flow guide conduit 52, and the connection of the jet flow conduit 54 to the flow guide conduit 52 is located between the flow diverter 53 and the air cleaning device.
Preferably, the ejector 55 is arranged on the ejector pipeline 54, and the ejector 55 is positioned between the junction of the ejector pipeline 54 and the drainage pipeline 52 and the mixer 8, so that the air flow rate of the air generated by the air pump 51 is increased after passing through the ejector 55, and the second end of the ejector pipeline 54 generates a negative pressure value, thereby facilitating the flue gas to quickly enter the mixer 8 and be mixed with the air.
The reaction device comprises a reduction unit 31 and an adsorption unit 32, wherein the second end of the first filtering unit 21 is selectively communicated with the first end of the reduction unit 31 and the first end of the adsorption unit 32, the reduction unit 31 is used for converting gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas into gaseous elemental mercury, and the adsorption unit 32 is used for adsorbing the gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the reaction device, the mixer 8 and the filtering device are connected through a delivery pipe 200, one end of the delivery pipe 200 adjacent to the reaction device is connected with a second valve 400, the second valve 400 is a three-way valve, an inlet of the second valve 400 is connected with the delivery pipe 200, a first outlet of the second valve 400 is connected with a first end of the reduction unit 31, and a second outlet of the second valve 400 is connected with a first end of the adsorption unit 32.
It will be appreciated that an alkaline deacidification material (e.g., calcium oxide, etc.) and a reduction material (e.g., potassium sulfite, etc.) are placed in the reduction unit 31 to remove acid gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc. from the flue gas and to convert gaseous divalent mercury in the flue gas within the reduction unit 31 to gaseous elemental mercury; the adsorption unit 32 houses an adsorption material so that gaseous divalent mercury in the flue gas within the adsorption unit 32 can be adsorbed.
The detecting member 4 is in communication with the second end of the reduction unit 31 and the second end of the adsorption unit 32, and the detecting member 4 is used for detecting the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury in the flue gas discharged from the reduction unit 31 or the adsorption unit 32.
Specifically, the detection part 4 is a mercury analyzer, and the analyzer can adopt a cold state atomic absorption spectrometry, a cold atomic fluorescence spectrometry or a zeeman modulation atomic absorption spectrometry, preferably, a zeeman effect analyzer is adopted, so that the interference of background gas in smoke can be eliminated, and a multi-optical path cell is adopted, so that the requirement of high-precision measurement of diluted sample gas can be met.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, the filter apparatus further comprises a second filter unit 22, the exhaust end 12 being in selective communication with the first end of the first filter unit 21 and the first end of the second filter unit 22, the second filter unit 22 being for converting particulate mercury in the flue gas into gaseous mercury.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, when the exhaust end 12 is in communication with the first filter unit 21, the flue gas can enter the first filter unit 21 from the exhaust end 12, and at this time, the exhaust end 12 and the second filter unit 22 are in a blocking state, that is, the flue gas in the sampling gun 1 cannot enter the second filter unit 22. Conversely, when the exhaust end 12 communicates with the second filter unit 22, the exhaust end 12 is blocked from the first filter unit 21. That is, when the exhaust end 12 communicates with the first filter unit 21, the flue gas in the sampling gun 1 can enter the first filter unit 21, and the flue gas can avoid the conversion of particulate mercury into gaseous mercury within the first filter unit 21.
When the exhaust end 12 communicates with the second filter unit 22, the flue gas in the sampling gun 1 can enter the second filter unit 22 and particulate mercury in the flue gas in the second filter unit 22 can be converted to gaseous mercury.
It will be appreciated that as shown in fig. 6, the exhaust end 12 of the sampling gun 1 is connected with a first valve 300, the first valve 300 is a three-way valve, the inlet of the first valve 300 is connected with the exhaust end 12, the first outlet of the first valve 300 is connected with the first filter unit 21, and the second outlet of the first valve 300 is connected with the second filter unit 22, thereby realizing that the exhaust end 12 is selectively communicated with the first end of the first filter unit 21 and the first end of the second filter unit 22.
It should be noted that, according to the actual monitoring requirement, the method for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the fixed source flue gas in the embodiment of the present invention may only be provided with the first filter unit 21 or may only be provided with the second filter unit 22. That is, as shown in fig. 4, when the filtration apparatus is provided with only the first filtration unit 21, the reaction apparatus is provided with the reduction unit 31 and the adsorption unit 32; alternatively, as shown in fig. 5, when the filter device is provided with the second filter unit 22, the reaction device is provided with the reduction unit 31; alternatively, as shown in fig. 6, when the filter device is provided with the first filter unit 21 and the second filter unit 22, the reaction device is provided with the reduction unit 31 and the adsorption unit 32.
In some embodiments, the system for continuously monitoring the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the flue gas with a fixed source in an online manner further comprises a power assembly 5, wherein the power assembly 5 comprises an air pump 51 and a drainage pipeline 52, a first end of the drainage pipeline 52 is connected with the air pump 51, a second end of the drainage pipeline 52 is connected with the fixed source 100, and the drainage pipeline is communicated with the downstream of the first filter unit 21 and the downstream of the second filter unit 22, so that when the air pump 51 is started, a negative pressure is formed on the drainage pipeline, and flue gas in the sampling gun 1 is convenient to enter the first filter unit 21 or enter the second filter unit 22.
It will be appreciated that, as shown in fig. 6, the air generated by the activation of the air pump 51 can be discharged into the stationary source 100 through the drainage pipe 52, the drainage pipe 52 is connected to the delivery pipe 200 through the connection pipe 500, and the connection position of the connection pipe 500 and the delivery pipe 200 is located downstream of the first filter unit 21 and downstream of the second filter unit 22, so that, when the air flows in the drainage pipe 52, the flue gas in the sampling gun 1 can enter one of the first filter unit 21 and the second filter unit 22 after negative pressure is generated, so that the flue gas reacts in one of the first filter unit 21 and the second filter unit 22.
Preferably, a flow diverter 53 is provided on the flow guide pipe 52, and the flow diverter 53 is provided between the air pump 51 and the junction of the flow guide pipe 52 and the connection pipe 500 to prevent the flow of the flue gas from the flow guide pipe 52 to the air pump 51. The power assembly 5 further includes an air purifying device provided between the flow diverter 53 and the air pump 51 to purify air discharged from the air pump 51.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4-6, the online continuous monitoring system for total mercury concentration and morphology of the fixed source flue gas in the embodiment of the invention further comprises a constant flow member 9, wherein the constant flow member 9 is arranged between the second end of the jet flow pipeline 54 and the filtering device, so that after the second end of the jet flow pipeline 54 forms negative pressure, the flow speed of the flue gas in the conveying process is stabilized by using the constant flow member 9.
In some embodiments, the power assembly 5 further comprises a blowback conduit 56, a first end of the blowback conduit 56 being connected to the air pump 51, and a second end of the blowback conduit 56 being connected between the constant flow member 9 and the filter device, to blow air into the first filter unit 21 and the second filter unit 22 using the air pump 51 and the blowback conduit 56, such that dust from the first filter unit 21 and the second filter unit 22 is returned to the stationary source 100 through the sampling gun 1.
It will be appreciated that, as shown in fig. 4-6, after the air pump 51 is activated, air can be sequentially passed through one of the first filter unit 21 and the second filter unit 22, the sampling gun 1, and into the stationary source 100 via the blowback duct 56. That is, when the back blowing is performed, the jet flow pipe 54, the drainage pipe 52 and the mixer 8 are all closed, and then, after the air pump 51 is started, air may be blown to one of the first filter unit 21 and the second filter unit 22 so as to blow the residual substances in the one of the first filter unit 21 and the second filter unit 22 and the impurities such as dust on the filter member into the stationary source 100.
Preferably, the blowback pipe 56 is provided with a stop valve 57 to ensure that impurities such as smoke enter the air pump 51 through the blowback pipe 56 when blowback is performed.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 to fig. 6, the online continuous monitoring system for total mercury concentration and morphology of the fixed source flue gas in the embodiment of the invention further comprises a mercury standard gas generator 10, the mercury standard gas generator 10 is provided with an outlet end, the outlet end is communicated with the conveying pipeline and is positioned between the filtering device and the exhaust end, mercury in the flue gas extracted by the sampling gun is marked by the mercury standard gas generator 10, and the mercury standard gas generator is compared with the mercury content detected by the detection part, so that the calibration of the mercury content in the flue gas is realized.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While the above embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations of the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The online continuous monitoring method for the total mercury concentration and the morphology of the fixed source flue gas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, extracting the flue gas in a fixed source by using a sampling gun, and marking the mercury in the flue gas extracted by the sampling gun by using a mercury standard gas generator so as to form contrast after the mercury content of a detection part is utilized, thereby realizing the calibration of the mercury content of the flue gas;
s2, introducing the extracted flue gas into a first filtering unit, and controlling the temperature of the first filtering unit to be more than or equal to 120 ℃ and less than or equal to 200 ℃ by using a first heater so as to avoid the conversion of granular mercury of the flue gas in the first filtering unit into gaseous mercury;
s3, introducing the flue gas exhausted by the first filtering unit into a mixer so as to mix the flue gas with air in the mixer in proportion, wherein the ratio of the air to the flue gas is 20-200;
s4, introducing the flue gas discharged by the mixer into a reduction unit so that the reduction unit converts gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas into gaseous elemental mercury, or introducing the flue gas discharged by the mixer into an adsorption unit so that the adsorption unit removes the gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas;
s5, correspondingly detecting the concentration of the gaseous total mercury or the concentration of the gaseous elemental mercury by using a detection part, and obtaining the concentration of the gaseous bivalent mercury by using the difference between the concentration of the gaseous total mercury and the concentration of the gaseous elemental mercury;
the S2 further comprises the steps of introducing the extracted flue gas into a second filtering unit, and controlling the temperature of the second filtering unit to be more than or equal to 600 ℃ and less than or equal to 900 ℃ by utilizing a second heater so as to convert the granular mercury of the flue gas in the second filtering unit into gaseous mercury;
the S3 further comprises the step of introducing the flue gas exhausted by the second filtering unit into a mixer;
the S4 further comprises the step of introducing the flue gas exhausted by the second filtering unit into the reduction unit;
and S5, correspondingly detecting the total gaseous mercury concentration by using a detection part, and obtaining the concentration of the granular mercury by using the difference between the total gaseous mercury concentration detected by the flue gas after passing through the first filtering unit and the total gaseous mercury concentration detected by the flue gas after passing through the second filtering unit.
2. The online continuous monitoring method for total mercury concentration and morphology of fixed source flue gas according to claim 1, wherein S3 comprises: utilizing an air pump to enable negative pressure to be formed in the mixer so as to enable smoke exhausted by the first filtering unit or the second filtering unit to be introduced into the mixer, so that air and the smoke are convenient to mix in the mixer;
the flow rate of the flue gas discharged from the first filter unit or the second filter unit is stabilized by a constant flow member so as to introduce the flue gas with stabilized flow into the mixer.
3. The method for on-line continuous monitoring of total mercury concentration and morphology in a fixed source flue gas according to claim 1, further comprising: prior to S1, a negative pressure is created downstream of the first filter unit and downstream of the second filter unit using an air pump to enable the flue gas within the stationary source to enter the sampling gun.
4. The method for on-line continuous monitoring of total mercury concentration and morphology in a stationary source flue gas according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s6, back blowing is carried out on the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit by utilizing an air pump, and particles in the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit are back blown into the fixed source through the sampling gun.
5. A fixed source flue gas total mercury concentration and morphology online continuous monitoring system for use in the method of any one of claims 1-4, comprising:
the sampling gun is provided with an air extraction end and an air exhaust end, the air extraction end is used for being connected with a fixed source so as to extract the smoke in the fixed source,
the filtering device comprises a first filtering unit, and the exhaust end of the filtering device is communicated with the first end of the first filtering unit so as to prevent particulate mercury in the flue gas in the first filtering unit from being converted into gaseous mercury;
the filter device further comprises a second filter unit, the exhaust end is selectively communicated with the first end of the first filter unit and the first end of the second filter unit, and the second filter unit is used for converting the granular mercury in the flue gas into gaseous mercury;
a mixer, a first end of the mixer being in communication with a second end of the first filter unit, such that the flue gas exiting the first filter unit is mixed with air in the mixer;
the reaction device comprises a reduction unit and an adsorption unit, the second end of the mixer is selectively communicated with the first end of the reduction unit and the first end of the adsorption unit, and the second filter unit is connected with the reduction unit so as to lead the flue gas of the second filter unit into the reduction unit;
the reduction unit is used for converting gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas into gaseous elemental mercury, and the adsorption unit is used for adsorbing the gaseous bivalent mercury in the flue gas; the detection piece is communicated with the second end of the reduction unit and the second end of the adsorption unit and is used for detecting the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury in the flue gas exhausted by the reduction unit or the adsorption unit.
6. The online continuous monitoring system for total mercury concentration and morphology of a stationary source flue gas according to claim 5, further comprising a power assembly comprising an air pump and a drainage tube, a first end of the drainage tube being connected to the air pump and a second end of the drainage tube being connected to the stationary source,
the drainage tube is communicated with the downstream of the first filtering unit and the downstream of the second filtering unit, so that when the air pump is started, negative pressure is formed on the drainage tube, and the flue gas in the sampling gun is convenient to enter the first filtering unit or the second filtering unit.
7. The online continuous monitoring system for total mercury concentration and morphology of fixed source flue gas according to claim 6, wherein the power assembly further comprises a jet flow pipeline, a first end of the jet flow pipeline is connected with the air pump, and a second end of the jet flow pipeline is connected with the mixer, so that when the air pump is used for introducing air into the jet flow pipeline, negative pressure is formed at the second end of the jet flow pipeline, and flue gas in the first filtering unit or the second filtering unit is conveyed to enter the mixer to be fully mixed with the air;
the monitoring system further comprises a constant-current piece, wherein the constant-current piece is arranged between the second end of the jet flow pipeline and the filtering device, so that after the second end of the jet flow pipeline forms negative pressure, the flow speed of the smoke in the conveying process is stabilized by the constant-current piece.
8. The online continuous monitoring system for total mercury concentration and morphology of a stationary source flue gas according to claim 7, wherein the power assembly further comprises a back-flushing pipe, a first end of the back-flushing pipe is connected with the air pump, and a second end of the back-flushing pipe is connected between the constant flow member and the filtering device, so that air is blown into the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit by the air pump and the back-flushing pipe, and dust of the first filtering unit and dust of the second filtering unit are returned to the stationary source through the sampling gun.
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