CN116026602A - Method for testing exhaust back pressure of automobile engine - Google Patents

Method for testing exhaust back pressure of automobile engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116026602A
CN116026602A CN202310178956.XA CN202310178956A CN116026602A CN 116026602 A CN116026602 A CN 116026602A CN 202310178956 A CN202310178956 A CN 202310178956A CN 116026602 A CN116026602 A CN 116026602A
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module
test
pressure sensor
sensor
pressure
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叶燕帅
凌华梅
张志清
杨迪新
傅爱军
尧潇雪
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Guangxi University of Science and Technology
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Guangxi University of Science and Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing exhaust back pressure of an automobile engine, which belongs to the technical field of automobile testing methods, and comprises the following steps: 1. the test module is connected and installed on the combustion module; 2. mounting the sensor assembly modules in sequence; 3. connecting the data acquisition module with the sensor assembly module; 4. connecting the control module with the sensor assembly module and the data acquisition module; 5. starting the combustion module; 6. according to the model of the test module, adjusting and setting simulation parameters of the combustion module; 7. collecting test data through a data collecting module; 8. analyzing the test data to obtain performance parameters of the test module; by adopting the control of the temperature, the pressure and the flow of the high-temperature fuel gas, the actual exhaust process of the engine is simulated, and the test can be completed only by controlling the burner of the experimental system; the test system is convenient to install and debug, is simple to operate, can reduce the cost of test and test, and simultaneously effectively improves the test efficiency.

Description

Method for testing exhaust back pressure of automobile engine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile testing methods, and particularly relates to a method for testing exhaust back pressure of an automobile engine.
Background
When the automobile engine works, the air pressure which changes periodically exists in the automobile exhaust pipe, so that air flow noise is generated in an exhaust system; in order to reduce noise of exhaust gas flow, the exhaust system is provided with a sound absorbing material or a special form of gas flow pipeline; the shape of the pipe structure and the muffler structure can bring flow resistance and pipe local resistance to the airflow; the exhaust back pressure test of the engine is of great significance to the evaluation of the flow loss and the noise reduction capability of an exhaust system;
the utility model provides an exhaust back pressure test system, disclosed in 2016-07-13, publication number is CN105758647A, including the transition pipe, preceding backpressure testing arrangement and back backpressure testing arrangement, preceding backpressure testing arrangement sets up on the transition pipe, back backpressure testing arrangement sets up between three way catalyst converter and exhaust system, the transition pipe is provided with first and second flange about respectively, first and second flange exist deflection angle, first flange is connected with the engine, the second flange is connected with three way catalyst converter, be provided with exhaust temperature measurement port and preceding backpressure testing port on the transition pipe, preceding backpressure testing arrangement communicates with the transition pipe is inside through preceding backpressure testing port. The exhaust back pressure testing system is simple in structure, the extending direction of the exhaust system is adjusted from the width direction of an engine bench laboratory to the length direction, the pipeline arrangement from the outlet of the three-way catalyst to the inlet area of the exhaust pipe is the same as that of the whole automobile, the exhaust gas flow is uniform, the exhaust back pressure testing data is accurate, and the error is reduced.
However, the test system still has certain defects, in the use process, the test system needs to be provided with consumable materials such as a test bench, a fuel supply system, a cooling circulation system and the like, the test cost is high, and meanwhile, in the installation process, the time possibly spent is long, so that the test efficiency needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problems of high test cost and low test efficiency which are possibly caused by the need of installing auxiliary consumables such as a rack and the like in the prior art during the exhaust back pressure test, the invention provides a method for testing the exhaust back pressure of an automobile engine.
Technical proposal
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The test system specifically comprises a combustion module, a test module, a sensor assembly module, a data acquisition module and a control module; the testing method comprises the following steps:
step one, connecting and installing a test module on a combustion module;
step two, mounting the sensor assembly module on the combustion module and the test module in sequence;
step three, connecting the data acquisition module with the sensor assembly module;
step four, connecting the control module with the sensor assembly module and the data acquisition module;
step five, starting a combustion module after pretreatment and inspection;
step six, according to the model and working parameters of the test module, adjusting and setting the simulation parameters of the combustion module;
step seven, after the combustion module works stably, test data are collected through the data collection module;
and step eight, analyzing the collected test data to obtain the working performance parameters of the test module.
Preferably, the combustion module comprises a speed regulation fan, a burner, a surge tank, an exhaust manifold, an electromagnetic valve, an exhaust manifold and a connecting flange, and the speed regulation fan, the burner, the surge tank, the exhaust manifold, the electromagnetic valve, the exhaust manifold and the connecting flange are sequentially and fixedly connected.
Further, the test assembly comprises a test pipe, a three-way catalyst, a pre-muffler and a post-muffler, wherein the three-way catalyst, the pre-muffler and the post-muffler are connected to the test pipe, and the test pipe is connected to the connecting flange.
Still further, the sensor assembly module includes a first pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a second pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a third pressure sensor, a fourth pressure sensor, and a fifth pressure sensor;
the first pressure sensor is connected with the surge tank;
the temperature sensor is connected to the exhaust manifold;
the second pressure sensor is connected to the exhaust manifold;
the flow sensor is connected to the connecting flange;
the third pressure sensor is connected to the three-way catalyst;
the fourth pressure sensor is connected to the front muffler;
the fifth pressure sensor is connected to the rear muffler.
Further, the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the temperature sensor, the second pressure sensor, the flow sensor, the third pressure sensor, the fourth pressure sensor and the fifth pressure sensor through wires;
the control module is electrically connected with the speed regulating fan, the burner, the first pressure sensor, the electromagnetic valve and the exhaust manifold through wires;
the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the control module through a wire.
Further, the step five is to check whether the gas pipeline is in a sealed state or not, so as to prevent explosion caused by gas leakage; opening a gas valve to enable gas to enter the burner; and starting a control power supply of the burner to ignite the burner.
Still further, the adjusting and setting of the combustion module in the sixth step specifically includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring temperature, pressure and flow performance parameters of an exhaust manifold through a temperature sensor, a second pressure sensor and a flow sensor;
s2, the acquired performance parameters are transmitted to a data acquisition module through a lead;
s3, after the data acquisition module acquires and receives the parameter data, comparing and analyzing the parameter data, and generating a gap adjustment signal after analysis;
s4, transmitting the adjustment signal generated by the data acquisition module to the control module through a lead;
s5, after receiving the adjustment signal, the control module controls the rotating speed of the speed regulating fan and the gas quantity entering the burner through a lead;
s6, secondarily collecting temperature, pressure and flow performance parameters of the exhaust manifold through a temperature sensor, a second pressure sensor and a flow sensor;
s7, if the data parameters and the working parameters of the test pipe are different, correcting and adjusting are carried out through the control module again; and if the data parameters are consistent with the working parameters of the test pipe fitting, collecting the exhaust back pressure value of the test pipe fitting.
Further, the step S7 of collecting the exhaust back pressure value specifically includes the following steps:
s701, enabling the burnt high-temperature gas to enter an exhaust manifold through a surge tank;
s702, collecting high-temperature gas exhausted by an exhaust manifold in an exhaust manifold;
s703, conveying the gas exhausted by the exhaust manifold into a test pipe fitting;
s704, the conveyed gas sequentially passes through a three-way catalyst, a front muffler and a rear muffler;
s705, the third pressure sensor, the fourth pressure sensor and the fifth pressure sensor correspondingly detect the test pressures of the three-way catalyst, the pre-muffler and the post-muffler;
s706, the detected data are transmitted to a data acquisition module through a wire.
Further, the number of the exhaust manifolds is 3-4, and a plurality of the exhaust manifolds are connected with an exhaust manifold.
Still further, the control module includes alarm module and adjustment module, alarm module and first pressure sensor electric connection, alarm module and adjustment module electric connection, adjustment module and combustor electric connection.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The test system simulates the actual exhaust process of the engine by controlling the temperature, the pressure and the flow of the high-temperature fuel gas to replace the engine to perform the evaluation test of the exhaust system of the automobile engine, and the test can be completed only by controlling the burner of the test system, the parts of the exhaust system to be evaluated, the fuel gas and the electricity; the test system is convenient to install and debug, is simple to operate, can reduce equipment cost, test cost and personnel cost of test, does not need to install a rack and a cooling system, reduces installation steps, and effectively improves test efficiency.
(2) The test system provided by the invention can simulate the exhaust processes of engines with different cylinder numbers and different discharge capacities, can improve the speed of product test experiments, and further shortens the experiment period.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in embodiments or examples of the present application, the drawings that are required for use in the embodiments or examples description will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope, and that other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to those of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test system according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first pressure sensor; 2. a temperature sensor; 3. a second pressure sensor; 4. a flow sensor; 5. a third pressure sensor; 6. a fourth pressure sensor; 7. a fifth pressure sensor; 8. a data acquisition module; 9. a control module; 10. a speed-regulating fan; 11. a burner; 12. a surge tank; 13. an exhaust manifold; 14. an electromagnetic valve; 15. an exhaust manifold; 16. a connecting flange; 17. a three-way catalyst; 18. a front muffler; 19. a rear muffler; 20. the tube was tested.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and that the components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application, based on which all other embodiments that may be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without making inventive efforts are within the scope of this application.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for testing exhaust back pressure of an automobile engine, wherein a testing system specifically comprises a combustion module, a testing module, a sensor assembly module, a data acquisition module 8 and a control module 9; the testing method comprises the following steps:
step one, connecting and installing a test module on a combustion module;
step two, mounting the sensor assembly module on the combustion module and the test module in sequence;
step three, connecting the data acquisition module 8 with the sensor assembly module;
step four, connecting the control module 9 with the sensor assembly module and the data acquisition module 8;
step five, starting a combustion module after pretreatment and inspection;
step six, according to the model and working parameters of the test module, adjusting and setting the simulation parameters of the combustion module;
step seven, after the combustion module works stably, test data are collected through the data collection module;
and step eight, analyzing the collected test data to obtain the working performance parameters of the test module.
The combustion module consists of a speed regulation fan 10, a combustor 11, a pressure stabilizing tank 12, an exhaust manifold 13, an electromagnetic valve 14, an exhaust manifold 15 and a connecting flange 16, wherein the speed regulation fan 10, the combustor 11, the pressure stabilizing tank 12, the exhaust manifold 13, the electromagnetic valve 14, the exhaust manifold 15 and the connecting flange 16 are fixedly connected in sequence.
The test assembly comprises a test pipe 20, a three-way catalyst 17, a front muffler 18 and a rear muffler 19, wherein the three-way catalyst 17, the front muffler 18 and the rear muffler 19 are connected to the test pipe 20, and the test pipe 20 is connected to the connecting flange 16.
The sensor assembly module comprises a first pressure sensor 1, a temperature sensor 2, a second pressure sensor 3, a flow sensor 4, a third pressure sensor 5, a fourth pressure sensor 6, and a fifth pressure sensor 7;
the first pressure sensor 1 is connected with the surge tank 12;
the temperature sensor 2 is connected to the exhaust manifold 15;
the second pressure sensor 3 is connected to the exhaust manifold 15;
the flow sensor 4 is connected to the connecting flange 16;
the third pressure sensor 5 is connected to the three-way catalyst 17;
the fourth pressure sensor 6 is connected to the pre-muffler 18;
the fifth pressure sensor 7 is connected to the rear muffler 19.
The data acquisition module 8 is electrically connected with the temperature sensor 2, the second pressure sensor 3, the flow sensor 4, the third pressure sensor 5, the fourth pressure sensor 6 and the fifth pressure sensor 7 through wires;
the control module 9 is electrically connected with the speed regulating fan 10, the burner 11, the first pressure sensor 1, the electromagnetic valve 14 and the exhaust manifold 13 through wires;
the data acquisition module 8 is electrically connected with the control module 9 through a wire.
Step five, checking whether the gas pipeline is in a sealed state or not to prevent explosion caused by gas leakage; opening a gas valve to enable gas to enter the burner 11; the burner 11 is turned on to control the power supply, and the burner 11 is ignited.
The adjustment and setting of the combustion module in the sixth step specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring temperature, pressure and flow performance parameters of an exhaust manifold 15 through a temperature sensor 2, a second pressure sensor 3 and a flow sensor 4;
s2, the acquired performance parameters are transmitted to a data acquisition module 8 through wires;
s3, after the data acquisition module 8 acquires and receives the parameter data, comparing and analyzing the parameter data, and generating a gap adjustment signal after analysis;
s4, transmitting an adjusting signal generated by the data acquisition module 8 to the control module 9 through a lead;
s5, after receiving the adjusting signal, the control module 9 controls the rotating speed of the speed regulating fan 10 and the amount of fuel gas entering the combustor 11 through a lead;
s6, secondarily acquiring temperature, pressure and flow performance parameters of the exhaust manifold 15 through the temperature sensor 2, the second pressure sensor 3 and the flow sensor 4;
s7, if the data parameters are different from the working parameters of the test pipe fitting 20, correcting and adjusting the data parameters through the control module 9; and if the data parameters are consistent with the working parameters of the test pipe fitting 20, collecting the exhaust back pressure value of the test pipe fitting 20.
The collection of the exhaust back pressure value in step S7 specifically includes the following steps:
s701, enabling the burnt high-temperature gas to enter an exhaust manifold 13 through a surge tank 12;
s702, collecting high-temperature gas discharged by the exhaust manifold 13 in the exhaust manifold 15;
s703, conveying the gas exhausted by the exhaust manifold 15 into the test pipe fitting 20;
s704, the conveyed gas sequentially passes through the three-way catalyst 17, the pre-muffler 18 and the post-muffler 19;
s705, the third pressure sensor 5, the fourth pressure sensor 6, and the fifth pressure sensor 7 will correspondingly detect the test pressures of the three-way catalyst 17, the pre-muffler 18, and the post-muffler 19;
the detected data will be transmitted to the data acquisition module 8 via the wire S706.
The number of the exhaust manifolds 13 is 3, and a plurality of the exhaust manifolds 13 are connected to the exhaust manifold 15.
Referring to fig. 1, in the test process, by adopting the control of the temperature, pressure and flow of the high-temperature fuel gas, the actual exhaust process of the engine is simulated, and the evaluation test of the exhaust system of the automobile engine is performed instead of the engine, and the test can be completed by controlling the burner 11 of the experimental system, the components of the exhaust system to be evaluated, the fuel gas and electricity; the test system is convenient to install and debug, is simple to operate, can reduce equipment cost, test cost and personnel cost of test, does not need to install a rack and a cooling system, reduces installation steps, and effectively improves test efficiency.
Example 2:
a method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automobile engine is substantially the same as in embodiment 1, except that a different number of exhaust manifolds 13 are opened according to different displacement engines;
the control system controls the solenoid valves 14 on the exhaust manifold 13 to open and close according to the number of cylinders of the simulated engine and the number of the exhaust manifolds 13, and can simulate the exhaust working processes of the engines with different numbers of the exhaust manifolds 13.
The test system can simulate the exhaust processes of engines with different cylinder numbers and different discharge capacities, can improve the speed of product test experiments and shortens the experiment period.
Example 3:
a method for testing exhaust back pressure of an automobile engine is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, further, the control module 9 comprises an alarm module and an adjustment module, the alarm module is electrically connected with the first pressure sensor 1, the alarm module is electrically connected with the adjustment module, and the adjustment module is electrically connected with the burner 11;
the first pressure sensor 1 monitors the pressure in the combustion chamber of the burner 11 for an ignition signal; when the first pressure sensor 1 monitors abnormal combustion and causes pressure reduction in the combustion chamber, the first pressure sensor 1 transmits an alarm signal to the control module 9, the alarm module in the control module 9 alarms, and the adjusting module in the control module 9 closes the gas inlet valve of the burner 11 to prevent unburned gas from continuing to leak in the period of the flameout of the burner 11.
The foregoing examples have shown only the preferred embodiments of the invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications, improvements and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for testing the exhaust back pressure of an automobile engine, which is characterized in that a testing system specifically comprises a combustion module, a testing module, a sensor assembly module, a data acquisition module (8) and a control module (9); the testing method comprises the following steps:
step one, connecting and installing a test module on a combustion module;
step two, mounting the sensor assembly module on the combustion module and the test module in sequence;
step three, connecting a data acquisition module (8) with the sensor assembly module;
step four, connecting a control module (9) with the sensor assembly module and the data acquisition module (8);
step five, starting a combustion module after pretreatment and inspection;
step six, according to the model and working parameters of the test module, adjusting and setting the simulation parameters of the combustion module;
step seven, after the combustion module works stably, test data are collected through the data collection module;
and step eight, analyzing the collected test data to obtain the working performance parameters of the test module.
2. A method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automotive engine according to claim 1, wherein: the combustion module consists of a speed regulation fan (10), a combustor (11), a pressure stabilizing tank (12), an exhaust manifold (13), an electromagnetic valve (14), an exhaust manifold (15) and a connecting flange (16), wherein the speed regulation fan (10), the combustor (11), the pressure stabilizing tank (12), the exhaust manifold (13), the electromagnetic valve (14), the exhaust manifold (15) and the connecting flange (16) are sequentially and fixedly connected.
3. A method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automotive engine according to claim 2, wherein: the test assembly comprises a test pipe fitting (20), a three-way catalyst (17), a pre-muffler (18) and a rear muffler (19), wherein the three-way catalyst (17), the pre-muffler (18) and the rear muffler (19) are connected to the test pipe fitting (20), and the test pipe fitting (20) is connected to the connecting flange (16).
4. A method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automotive engine according to claim 3, wherein: the sensor assembly module comprises a first pressure sensor (1), a temperature sensor (2), a second pressure sensor (3), a flow sensor (4), a third pressure sensor (5), a fourth pressure sensor (6) and a fifth pressure sensor (7);
the first pressure sensor (1) is connected with the pressure stabilizing tank (12);
the temperature sensor (2) is connected to the exhaust manifold (15);
the second pressure sensor (3) is connected to the exhaust manifold (15);
the flow sensor (4) is connected to the connecting flange (16);
the third pressure sensor (5) is connected to the three-way catalyst (17);
the fourth pressure sensor (6) is connected to the pre-muffler (18);
the fifth pressure sensor (7) is connected to the rear muffler (19).
5. A method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automotive engine according to claim 4, wherein: the data acquisition module (8) is electrically connected with the temperature sensor (2), the second pressure sensor (3), the flow sensor (4), the third pressure sensor (5), the fourth pressure sensor (6) and the fifth pressure sensor (7) through wires;
the control module (9) is electrically connected with the speed regulating fan (10), the burner (11), the first pressure sensor (1), the electromagnetic valve (14) and the exhaust manifold (13) through wires;
the data acquisition module (8) is electrically connected with the control module (9) through a wire.
6. A method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automotive engine according to claim 5, wherein: the fifth step is to check whether the gas pipeline is in a sealed state or not, so as to prevent explosion caused by gas leakage; opening a gas valve to enable gas to enter the burner (11); and starting a control power supply of the burner (11) to ignite the burner (11).
7. A method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automotive engine according to claim 5, wherein: the adjustment setting of the combustion module in the sixth step specifically includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring temperature, pressure and flow performance parameters of an exhaust manifold (15) through a temperature sensor (2), a second pressure sensor (3) and a flow sensor (4);
s2, the acquired performance parameters are transmitted to a data acquisition module (8) through wires;
s3, after the data acquisition module (8) acquires the received parameter data, comparing and analyzing the parameter data, and generating a gap adjustment signal after analysis;
s4, transmitting an adjusting signal generated by the data acquisition module (8) to the control module (9) through a wire;
s5, after receiving the adjusting signal, the control module (9) controls the rotating speed of the speed regulating fan (10) and the amount of fuel gas entering the burner (11) through a lead;
s6, secondarily acquiring temperature, pressure and flow performance parameters of an exhaust manifold (15) through a temperature sensor (2), a second pressure sensor (3) and a flow sensor (4);
s7, if the data parameters are different from the working parameters of the test pipe fitting (20), correcting and adjusting the data parameters through the control module (9); and if the data parameters are consistent with the working parameters of the test pipe fitting (20), collecting the exhaust back pressure value of the test pipe fitting (20).
8. A method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automotive engine according to claim 7, wherein: the step S7 of collecting the exhaust back pressure value specifically comprises the following steps:
s701, enabling the burnt high-temperature gas to enter an exhaust manifold (13) through a surge tank (12);
s702, collecting high-temperature gas exhausted by an exhaust manifold (13) in an exhaust manifold (15);
s703, conveying the gas exhausted by the exhaust manifold (15) into a test pipe fitting (20);
s704, the conveyed gas sequentially passes through a three-way catalyst (17), a pre-muffler (18) and a post-muffler (19);
s705, the third pressure sensor (5), the fourth pressure sensor (6) and the fifth pressure sensor (7) correspondingly detect the test pressures of the three-way catalyst (17), the pre-muffler (18) and the post-muffler (19);
s706, the detected data are transmitted to a data acquisition module (8) through a wire.
9. A method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automotive engine according to claim 2, wherein: the number of the exhaust manifolds (13) is 3-4, and a plurality of the exhaust manifolds (13) are connected with an exhaust manifold (15).
10. A method of testing exhaust back pressure of an automotive engine according to claim 9, wherein: the control module (9) comprises an alarm module and an adjustment module, wherein the alarm module is electrically connected with the first pressure sensor (1), the alarm module is electrically connected with the adjustment module, and the adjustment module is electrically connected with the burner (11).
CN202310178956.XA 2023-02-28 2023-02-28 Method for testing exhaust back pressure of automobile engine Pending CN116026602A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310178956.XA CN116026602A (en) 2023-02-28 2023-02-28 Method for testing exhaust back pressure of automobile engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310178956.XA CN116026602A (en) 2023-02-28 2023-02-28 Method for testing exhaust back pressure of automobile engine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116026602A true CN116026602A (en) 2023-04-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310178956.XA Pending CN116026602A (en) 2023-02-28 2023-02-28 Method for testing exhaust back pressure of automobile engine

Country Status (1)

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