CN116025889A - Thermal power generation boiler with mixed combustion of ammonia and coal - Google Patents
Thermal power generation boiler with mixed combustion of ammonia and coal Download PDFInfo
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- CN116025889A CN116025889A CN202211607891.8A CN202211607891A CN116025889A CN 116025889 A CN116025889 A CN 116025889A CN 202211607891 A CN202211607891 A CN 202211607891A CN 116025889 A CN116025889 A CN 116025889A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The present invention relates to a thermal power generation boiler, comprising: a furnace including a first combustion zone; a plurality of first burners for feeding fuel and air into the first combustion zone of the furnace and arranged circumferentially in a center located in the first combustion zone, each of the first burners including primary air and pulverized coal outlets and an ammonia fuel output member, the outlet of the ammonia fuel output member including ammoniaThe fuel outlet, the ammonia fuel output member and the primary air and pulverized coal outlet are arranged along the circumferential direction of the center, and the primary air and pulverized coal outlets are inclined toward a side away from the ammonia fuel output member with respect to the radial direction of the center. The ammonia fuel output part is positioned on the fire-oriented side of the primary air and coal dust outlets, the fire-oriented side provides ammonia fuel ignition energy by means of upper adjacent angle high-temperature flame, stable ignition of ammonia fuel can be ensured, and meanwhile, the oxygen-deficient environment is presented on the fire-oriented side, so that NO is reduced x And (5) generating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal power generation, in particular to a thermal power generation boiler.
Background
The method plays important fundamental roles such as power supply protection, peak shaving and the like in China, and simultaneously, is a key high-carbon emission industry due to high dependence on fossil energy, and faces huge carbon emission reduction challenges under the double-carbon target. Therefore, the zero-carbon fuel is introduced into the coal-fired boiler to replace a certain proportion of coal to participate in combustion, so that the carbon reduction from the source can be realized, and the method is an ideal mode for reducing the carbon emission of the coal-fired unit.
Wherein zero carbon ammonia (NH) 3 ) The fuel is a high-efficiency hydrogen storage medium, has the advantages of high energy density, easy liquefaction and transportation, high safety, no carbon emission during combustion and the like, can be synthesized from renewable energy sources, becomes a truly green clean energy storage medium, and is suitable for being used as a zero-carbon alternative fuel for coal-fired boilers. However, the ammonia combustion process has the following technical difficulties: (1) The ignition temperature is high, the ignition point is 651 ℃, the flame propagation speed is low, the flammable limit range is narrow, the combustion reaction activity is poor, and the problems of difficult ignition, poor combustion stability, difficult burnout and the like exist in ammonia combustion; (2) NH (NH) 3 The molecule contains nitrogen atoms, and a large amount of pollutant NO is easily generated due to improper control in combustion x 。
Thus, how to achieve stable combustion of ammonia fuel, complete burnout and avoid the generation of large amounts of pollutants (unburnt ammonia slip, NO x ) Is an important key technical problem to be solved in the process of burning the mixed ammonia of the coal-fired boiler.
One of the most widely used combustion modes in coal-fired boilers is tangential firing. Pulverized coal airflow of the tangential pulverized coal boiler is introduced into a hearth tissue to be tangential and combusted by a direct-current combustor arranged at a certain position of 4, 6 or 8 angles or a furnace wall of the boiler hearth, so as to form tangential circles with different forms, such as four-corner tangential circles, four-wall tangential circles, hexagonal tangential circles, single hearth octagonal tangential circles, octagonal double tangential circles and the like. In addition, the arrangement of the burner in the vertical direction of the corner or the furnace wall is divided into a mode of alternately arranging the secondary air and the primary air or arranging the secondary air intensively on the back fire side of each primary air, and the arrangement mode of the nozzles is different.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flame power generation boiler which is used for mixing combustion of ammonia and coal and is favorable for ensuring stable ignition and combustion of ammonia fuel.
According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a thermal power generation boiler including:
a furnace including a first combustion zone;
and a plurality of first burners for delivering fuel and air into the first combustion zone of the furnace and arranged in a circumferential direction of a center located in the first combustion zone, the first burners each including a primary air and pulverized coal outlet and an ammonia fuel output member, the outlet of the ammonia fuel output member including an ammonia fuel outlet, the ammonia fuel output member being arranged in the circumferential direction of the center with the primary air and pulverized coal outlets, and the primary air and pulverized coal outlets being inclined toward a side remote from the ammonia fuel output member with respect to a radial direction of the center.
In some embodiments, the outlet of the ammonia fuel outputting component is toward a middle of the first combustion zone.
In some embodiments, the outlet of the ammonia fuel outputting member intersects the orientation of the primary air and pulverized coal outlets.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in some embodiments,
the outlet of the ammonia fuel outputting member further includes an air outlet arranged along a circumferential direction of the ammonia fuel outlet; or (b)
The outlet of the ammonia fuel output part also comprises an air outlet sleeved in the ammonia fuel outlet.
In some embodiments, the air outlet is an annular outlet that is sleeved outside the ammonia fuel outlet.
In some embodiments, the ammonia fuel outlet comprises a plurality of outlets arranged in rows and columns or in a horizontal or vertical direction.
In some embodiments, a dividing member is disposed within the ammonia fuel outlet, the dividing member dividing the ammonia fuel outlet into a plurality of outlets.
In some embodiments, the first burner comprises a plurality of primary air and pulverized coal outlets arranged in a vertical direction, at least part of the primary air and pulverized coal outlets being correspondingly provided with the ammonia fuel outputting member.
In some embodiments, the ammonia fuel outlet is circular, oval, or square in shape.
In some embodiments, the furnace further comprises a second combustion zone located above the first combustion zone, a plurality of second burners are disposed about the second combustion zone, the second burners being configured to deliver air or air and fuel to the second combustion zone and to create an oxygen-enriched atmosphere within the second combustion zone.
In some embodiments, the output flow of the ammonia fuel output member may be adjustable, or the opening and closing of multiple ammonia fuel output members may be independently controlled.
By applying the technical scheme, ammonia fuel is introduced into the fire-oriented side of the primary air and coal dust outlet of the first burner of the thermal power generation boiler, positioned on the fire-oriented side of tangential combustion rotary airflow, and an ammonia fuel nozzle is arranged on the fire-oriented side at a certain distance from each primary air opening, and the NO is inhibited by utilizing the fuel-rich reducing atmosphere on the fire-oriented side by providing ammonia fuel ignition energy by means of high-temperature flame at the upper adjacent angle x The generated ammonia fuel jet is tangentially combusted to form stable rotary ascending air flow to increase the ammonia fuel combustion path, so that conditions are created for fully burning the ammonia fuel.
Other features of the present invention and its advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a thermal power generation boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic front view of a thermal power generation boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first burner at A of the thermal power generation boiler of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a cross section of a thermal power generation boiler of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view at B in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a thermal power generation boiler according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an ammonia fuel output section of a thermal power generation boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an ammonia fuel output section of a thermal power generation boiler according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the thermal power generation boiler includes a furnace 10 and a plurality of first burners 20, the furnace 10 including a first combustion zone 10a; the plurality of first burners 20 are for feeding fuel and air into the first combustion zone 10a of the furnace 10 and are arranged in the circumferential direction of one center X located in the first combustion zone 10, each of the first burners 20 includes a primary air and pulverized coal outlet 1 and an ammonia fuel output member 4, the outlet of the ammonia fuel output member 4 includes an ammonia fuel outlet 41, the ammonia fuel output member 4 and the primary air and pulverized coal outlet 1 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the center X, and the primary air and pulverized coal outlet 1 is inclined toward a side away from the ammonia fuel output member 4 with respect to the radial direction of the center X.
Since the orientations of the primary air and the outlets of the pulverized coal outlets 1 are inclined with respect to the center X, the primary air and the pulverized coal outputted from the primary air and the pulverized coal outlets 1 form a tendency to rotate in the circumferential direction E of the center X. The ammonia fuel output part 4 is positioned on the fire side of the primary air and pulverized coal outlet 1.
In the present embodiment, ammonia fuel is introduced into the primary air port of the first burner 20 of the thermal power generation boiler and the fire-facing side of the pulverized coal outlet 1, positioned on the fire-facing side of the tangential combustion rotary air flow, and an ammonia fuel nozzle is disposed on the fire-facing side at a distance from each primary air port, and NO is suppressed by using the fire-facing side fuel-rich reducing atmosphere by supplying ammonia fuel ignition energy by means of the high-temperature flame of the upper adjacent corner x The generated ammonia fuel jet is tangentially combusted to form stable rotary ascending air flow to increase the ammonia fuel combustion path, so that conditions are created for fully burning the ammonia fuel. Thereby realizing the high-efficiency low NOx combustion of the tangential pulverized coal boiler by mixing the combustion ammonia fuel.
The furnace 10 further comprises a second combustion zone 10b located above the first combustion zone 10a, a plurality of second burners 30 being arranged around the second combustion zone 10b, the second burners 30 being arranged to deliver air or air and fuel to the second combustion zone 10b and to create an oxygen-enriched atmosphere within the second combustion zone 10 b. The furnace also includes an upper furnace zone 10c above the second combustion zone 10 b. The first combustion zone 10a is a main combustion zone, and the second combustion zone 10b is a burnout zone.
In the embodiment, the thermal power generation boiler is provided with an ammonia burnout zone, so that stable ignition and burnout of ammonia coal can be realized, and NO can be effectively inhibited x Generating; the large-proportion ammonia blending combustion condition can be met by adjusting the opening of the ammonia fuel nozzle or the number of the ammonia nozzle delivering layers within the range of 0-60% of the blending proportion, and the method has strong applicability. According to the technical scheme, for the ammonia doping transformation of the coal-fired unit or the newly-built ammonia doping coal-fired unit, the related ammonia combustion system is simple, so that the transformation construction cost is low, the operation cost is low and the operation complexity is low.
As shown in fig. 5, in some embodiments, the outlet of the ammonia fuel outputting member 4 is directed substantially toward the middle of the first combustion zone 10 a. The outlet direction of the ammonia fuel output part 4 and the direction of the primary air and the pulverized coal outlet 1 form a small included angle.
In other embodiments, the outlet of the ammonia fuel outputting part 4' intersects the direction of the primary air and pulverized coal outlet 1.
By arranging the direction of the ammonia fuel outlet 41 to intersect with the direction of the primary air and the direction of the pulverized coal outlet 1, the ammonia fuel jet direction forms a certain included angle (0-180 degrees) with the pulverized coal airflow of the primary air, so that the ammonia jet can face the root of the pulverized coal airflow to strengthen the rapid mixing with active substances, and the ammonia jet can deviate from the pulverized coal airflow to form a reverse cut so as to strengthen the full mixing of the ammonia fuel and the pulverized coal fuel and earlier contact with the high-temperature flame at the upper adjacent angle, thereby strengthening the stable combustion of the ammonia fuel. In addition, the ammonia fuel nozzle can be provided with a blunt body or a diversion baffle plate, so that the ammonia fuel gas flow generates a backflow area at the outlet to entrain high-temperature smoke, and the high-temperature smoke is provided for fuel combustion to provide a sufficient heat source, so that the contact surface between the ammonia gas flow and the high-temperature smoke is increased, and the combustion is enhanced. Through various combustion stabilizing measures, the technology has high-proportion ammonia mixing adaptability. The mixing proportion (heat value ratio) of the ammonia is 0-60%.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, two centers X are disposed side by side within the furnace 10, and a plurality of first burners 20 are disposed in the circumferential direction of each center X. The ammonia fuel outputting part 4 of the first burner 20 is arranged with the primary air and pulverized coal outlet 1 in the circumferential direction of the center X, and the primary air and pulverized coal outlet 1 is inclined toward a side away from the ammonia fuel outputting part 4 with respect to the radial direction of the center X.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the outlet of the ammonia fuel outputting member 4 further includes air outlets 43 arranged along the circumferential direction of the ammonia fuel outlet 41. The air outlet 43 is used for outputting air for combustion of the ammonia fuel to provide an oxygen-enriched atmosphere for combustion of the ammonia fuel.
In some embodiments, the air outlet 43 is an annular outlet that is nested outside the ammonia fuel outlet 41. In other embodiments, the air outlet is nested within the ammonia fuel outlet 41.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the ammonia fuel outputting part 4 may have only the ammonia fuel outlet 41 or also include an air outlet 43 or an ammonia and air premixing nozzle extending at the outer periphery of the ammonia fuel outlet 41. In fig. 4 and 5, the ammonia fuel outputting part 4 includes the air outlet 43, wherein the air outlet 43 may not be provided. The ammonia fuel outlet 41 is provided with a dividing member 42 for dividing the flow of pure ammonia gas or a premixed flow of ammonia and air flowing through the nozzle. Wherein, under the condition of arranging the air channel, the state of the air-inclusion ammonia fuel is formed, so that the oxygen content of the near-wall area is not reduced because of the combustion consumption of the ammonia gas, thereby avoiding high-temperature corrosion.
The ammonia fuel outlet 41 includes a plurality of outlets arranged in rows and columns or in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction. The ammonia fuel outlet 41 is provided with a dividing member 42, and the dividing member 42 divides the ammonia fuel outlet 41 into a plurality of outlets. In order to strengthen combustion and improve adaptability and adjustment capability of the ammonia mixing boiler to coal types, a dividing component or 0-n longitudinal and transverse partition plates can be arranged in the ammonia fuel outlet 41 to divide ammonia fuel jet into dispersed jet flows, so that the ammonia fuel jet flows can produce a backflow area in the outlet to absorb high-temperature flue gas, and the contact surface of the ammonia jet flows and the high-temperature flue gas is increased. Wherein, the baffle can set up certain water conservancy diversion angle, makes the ammonia flow form divergent jet or whirl efflux, promotes the disturbance and the intensive mixing of ammonia and high temperature flue gas. The ammonia fuel nozzle may not be provided with a blunt body or a partition.
The first burner 20 includes a plurality of primary air and pulverized coal outlets 1 arranged in a vertical direction, and at least a part of the primary air and pulverized coal outlets 1 is correspondingly provided with an ammonia fuel outputting part 4.
The ammonia fuel outlet 41 is circular, elliptical or square in shape.
The flow rate of the ammonia fuel output part 4 is adjustable, and the ammonia fuel output part 4 can be controlled according to the proportion of the ammonia fuel which is required to be doped. In other embodiments, the primary air and coal dust outlet 11 is correspondingly provided with a plurality of ammonia fuel output parts 4, the opening and closing of the plurality of ammonia fuel output parts 4 can be independently controlled, and the proportion of the blended ammonia fuel can be adjusted by controlling the number of the opened ammonia fuel output parts 4. Therefore, the jet rigidity of the ammonia fuel can be ensured on the premise of meeting the addition amount of the ammonia fuel.
Ammonia fuel with poor ignition combustion stability is introduced to the outer side of a primary air port of a tangential pulverized coal boiler burner and is positioned on the fire side of tangential combustion rotary airflow, and ammonia fuel nozzles are arranged on the fire side at a certain distance from each primary air port, so that the overall trend that the ammonia fuel is wrapped in the center of a hearth by the pulverized coal airflow is formed.
(1) Stable combustion: the ignition energy of ammonia fuel is provided by means of the high-temperature flame at the upper adjacent angle, so that stable ignition is realized; in addition, the ammonia jet flowIn the fuel-rich region with high pulverized coal concentration at the fire side, a great amount of volatile matters are separated out by pulverized coal pyrolysis, and the separated active substances CH are separated out 4 /H 2 Etc. are favorable for strengthening NH 3 The ignition of the ammonia fuel is enhanced, the ignition delay time of the mixed fuel is reduced, and stable combustion is ensured. By setting the axial angle of the ammonia fuel nozzle, the direction of the ammonia fuel jet flow and the pulverized coal airflow of the primary air form a certain included angle (0-180 degrees), so that the ammonia jet flow faces the root of the pulverized coal airflow to strengthen the rapid mixing with active substances, and the ammonia jet flow deviates from the pulverized coal airflow to form a reverse cut so as to strengthen the full mixing of the ammonia fuel and the pulverized coal fuel and early contact with the high-temperature flame at the upper adjacent angle, thereby strengthening the stable combustion of the ammonia fuel. In addition, the ammonia fuel nozzle can be provided with a blunt body or a diversion baffle plate, so that the ammonia fuel gas flow generates a backflow area at the outlet to entrain high-temperature smoke, and the high-temperature smoke is provided for fuel combustion to provide a sufficient heat source, so that the contact surface between the ammonia gas flow and the high-temperature smoke is increased, and the combustion is enhanced. Through various combustion stabilizing measures, the technology has high-proportion ammonia mixing adaptability. The mixing proportion (heat value ratio) of the ammonia is 0-60%.
(2) Burn-up: the jet flow tangential combustion of the ammonia fuel is organized, so that stable rotary ascending flame airflow is formed to increase the combustion path of the ammonia fuel, the residence time of the ammonia fuel in the furnace is prolonged, a longer burnout stroke is provided, and conditions are created for fully burnout the ammonia fuel; the hearth is provided with a main combustion area and a burnout area, an oxygen-enriched area is created in the burnout area, turbulent burnout of unburnt fuel is realized, and a higher ammonia burnout rate is ensured.
(3) Nitrogen reduction: the air excess coefficient of the main combustion area is<1. Realizing the classification of ammonia coal combustion air and inhibiting NO x And (5) generating. NH due to the reducing nature of ammonia itself 3 Can be used as fuel and can be used for generating NO through combustion x Is not limited. By setting a proper jet angle of an ammonia fuel nozzle, ammonia fuel is injected into a specific flame temperature (850-1150 ℃) range, and NO generated by reducing pulverized coal is exerted x Is effective in (1). Thereby realizing the blending combustion of ammonia fuel and CO reduction of the tangential pulverized coal boiler 2 Emissions while reducing NO x The amount of production.
(4) And (3) corrosion prevention: under the overall trend that the ammonia fuel is wrapped in the center of the hearth by the pulverized coal airflow, the corrosion of the water wall tube panel caused by the ammonia fuel wall brushing can be effectively avoided.
The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A thermal power generation boiler, comprising:
a furnace (10) comprising a first combustion zone (10 a);
-a plurality of first burners (20) for delivering fuel and air into a first combustion zone (10 a) of the furnace (10) and arranged along a circumference of a centre (X) located in the first combustion zone (10), the first burners (20) each comprising a primary air and coal dust outlet (1) and an ammonia fuel outlet member (4), the outlet of the ammonia fuel outlet member (4) comprising an ammonia fuel outlet (41), the ammonia fuel outlet member (4) and the primary air and coal dust outlet (1) being arranged along the circumference of the centre (X) and the primary air and coal dust outlet (1) being inclined with respect to the radial direction of the centre (X) towards a side remote from the ammonia fuel outlet member (4).
2. Thermal power boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the ammonia fuel outputting means (4) is directed towards the middle of the first combustion zone (11 a).
3. Thermal power boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the ammonia fuel outputting means (4') intersects the orientation of the primary air and pulverized coal outlet (1).
4. The thermal power generation boiler according to claim 1, wherein,
the outlet of the ammonia fuel outputting part (4) further comprises air outlets (43) arranged along the circumference of the ammonia fuel outlet (41); or (b)
The outlet of the ammonia fuel output part (4) also comprises an air outlet sleeved in the ammonia fuel outlet (41).
5. The thermal power generation boiler according to claim 4, wherein the air outlet (43) is an annular outlet, which is sleeved outside the ammonia fuel outlet (41).
6. Thermal power boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammonia fuel outlet (41) comprises a plurality of outlets arranged in rows and columns or in horizontal or vertical direction.
7. The thermal power generation boiler according to claim 6, wherein a dividing member (42) is provided in the ammonia fuel outlet (41), and the dividing member (42) divides the ammonia fuel outlet (41) into a plurality of the outlets.
8. Thermal power boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the first burner (20) comprises a plurality of the primary air and pulverized coal outlets (1) arranged in a vertical direction, at least part of the primary air and pulverized coal outlets (1) being provided with the ammonia fuel outputting member (4) correspondingly.
9. Thermal power boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammonia fuel outlet (41) is circular, oval or square in shape.
10. The thermal power generation boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace (10) further comprises a second combustion zone (10 b) located above the first combustion zone (10 a), a plurality of second burners (30) being provided around the second combustion zone (10 b), the second burners (30) being for delivering air or air and fuel to the second combustion zone (10 b) and for creating an oxygen-enriched atmosphere within the second combustion zone (10 b).
11. The thermal power generation boiler according to claim 1, wherein the output flow rate of the ammonia fuel outputting means (4) is adjustable, or the opening and closing of the plurality of ammonia fuel outputting means (4) are independently controllable.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211607891.8A CN116025889A (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | Thermal power generation boiler with mixed combustion of ammonia and coal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211607891.8A CN116025889A (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | Thermal power generation boiler with mixed combustion of ammonia and coal |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116025889A true CN116025889A (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202211607891.8A Pending CN116025889A (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | Thermal power generation boiler with mixed combustion of ammonia and coal |
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| CN (1) | CN116025889A (en) |
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- 2022-12-14 CN CN202211607891.8A patent/CN116025889A/en active Pending
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