CN116025290B - Pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit - Google Patents

Pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit Download PDF

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CN116025290B
CN116025290B CN202310322709.2A CN202310322709A CN116025290B CN 116025290 B CN116025290 B CN 116025290B CN 202310322709 A CN202310322709 A CN 202310322709A CN 116025290 B CN116025290 B CN 116025290B
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pressure
nozzle
adaptive
sliding sleeve
drill bit
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CN116025290A (en
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刘成亮
杜起浪
刘明
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Chengdu Deep Diamond Bit Co ltd
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Chengdu Deep Diamond Bit Co ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit, which comprises a drill bit body, a connector, blades, chip grooves and a nozzle, wherein the drill bit body is arranged on the connector, the blades are arranged above the drill bit body, the blades comprise blade diameter-keeping parts, blade crown parts and cutting teeth, the chip grooves are arranged between the blades, the nozzle comprises a pressure self-adaptive nozzle and a common nozzle, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle comprises an outer shell, a sliding rod, a sliding sleeve, a spring and a limit nut, the sliding sleeve is divided into a fixed sliding sleeve and a movable sliding sleeve, and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle is divided into a pressure self-adaptive nozzle a and a pressure self-adaptive nozzle b according to different types of the sliding sleeve. The invention solves the technical problems of drill bit balling and junk slot balling of the traditional PDC drill bit in operation.

Description

Pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of PDC drill bits, in particular to a pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit.
Background
The PDC drill bit is widely used for oil and gas drilling due to faster mechanical drilling speed and longer service life, and the conventional PDC drill bit comprises a joint, a drill bit body, a fluid channel inside the body, a plurality of blades, cutting teeth brazed on the blades, chip grooves formed between the blades, and nozzles arranged in the chip grooves, wherein the nozzles are communicated with the fluid channel inside the body, and the drill bit joint is in threaded connection with an upper drill string. The drilling fluid is sprayed from the fluid channel in the drill stem through the nozzle and enters the annulus formed by the borehole and the drilling tool, and the drilling fluid is used for cooling the cutting teeth and has the functions of carrying rock and maintaining the stability of the borehole wall. In the drilling process, when a pump is stopped and a stand column is connected, drilling fluid carrying rock scraps in the well annulus is easy to flow back into a fluid channel in the drill bit body under the action of annular liquid column pressure and cannot be discharged in time when the pump is started again for circulation, so that part of nozzles are blocked, the cooling and carrying of drill bit cutting teeth are affected, drill bit balling is further initiated, and the drill bit machine speed and the service life of a drill bit are affected. On the other hand, during the drill bit is in the process of drilling, when passing through high-viscosity mudstone or long open hole section, a drill bit mud bag is easy to form in the chip groove close to the gauge position, and a drill bit nozzle is usually arranged on the body and points to the drilling direction of the borehole, so that the chip groove at the gauge position cannot be directly flushed, and when encountering the chip groove mud bag, the conventional discharge capacity improvement and flushing and throwing drilling tool combination is difficult to solve the problem of the chip groove mud bag of the drill bit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit, which aims to solve the technical problems that the PDC drill bit has bit balling and chip groove balling during working.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit, which comprises a drill bit body, a connector, blades, chip grooves and a nozzle, wherein the drill bit body is arranged on the connector, the blades are arranged above the drill bit body, the blades comprise blade diameter-keeping parts, blade crown parts and cutting teeth, the chip grooves are arranged between the blades, the nozzle comprises a pressure self-adaptive nozzle and a common nozzle, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle comprises an outer shell, a sliding rod, a sliding sleeve, a spring and a limiting nut, the sliding sleeve is divided into a fixed sliding sleeve and a movable sliding sleeve, and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle is divided into a pressure self-adaptive nozzle a and a pressure self-adaptive nozzle b according to different types of the sliding sleeve.
Specifically, use fixed sliding sleeve in the pressure self-adaptation nozzle a, fixed sliding sleeve installs in shell body a, and slide bar a passes fixed sliding sleeve and installs in fixed sliding sleeve, and slide bar a forms the structure that can follow the axis direction and slide with shell body a and fixed sliding sleeve, has cup jointed spring a on the slide bar a, and spring a is by limit nut a pre-compaction in fixed sliding sleeve.
Specifically, the upper end of the sliding rod a in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle a is in an inverted cone shape, and a conical surface a formed by the inverted cone structure is preloaded on the conical surface a in the nozzle shell under the action of the preload of the spring a.
Specifically, the outer shell a, the sliding rod a and the fixed sliding sleeve in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle a jointly form a pressure self-adaptive nozzle channel.
Specifically, a movable sliding sleeve is used in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle b, a spring b is installed in the movable sliding sleeve, the movable sliding sleeve and the spring b are sleeved on a sliding rod b together, two end faces of the spring b are limited by the movable sliding sleeve and steps on the sliding rod b, the sliding rod b and an outer shell b can be fixedly connected with the nozzle outer shell in a threaded and welded mode, and the lower end of the sliding rod b is connected with a limiting nut b in a threaded mode.
Specifically, the movable sliding sleeve can slide along the axis direction relative to the sliding rod b, the sliding rod b is sleeved with a spring b, the spring b is preloaded in the movable sliding sleeve by a limit nut b, and a nozzle hole is formed in the top end of the sliding rod b.
Specifically, the lower end of the movable sliding sleeve is in an inverted cone shape, and a conical surface b formed by the inverted cone structure is preloaded on a conical surface b in the nozzle shell under the elastic action of a spring b.
Specifically, the outer shell b, the sliding rod b and the movable sliding sleeve in the pressure self-adaptive nozzle b jointly form a pressure self-adaptive nozzle channel.
Specifically, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle can be mounted on the PDC drill bit in a threaded connection, welding and scarf joint mode, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle a and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle b can be selectively used or combined according to conditions, and the common nozzles can be used in a mixed mode.
Specifically, the pressure adaptive nozzle may be mounted on a bit body directed downhole, or may be mounted upside down in a junk slot directed into the borehole near the gage of the blade.
Based on the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects:
(1) According to the pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention, during normal drilling, only the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the bottom of a well is started by controlling the displacement and the pumping pressure, and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the drill bit gauge for removing the chip groove balling is in a locking state, when the drilling is continued after the pump is stopped and the stand column is connected, if the mechanical drilling speed is obviously reduced or the pumping pressure is increased, or the machine speed after the drill bit is drilled is obviously lower than the expected speed, the possible reasons are judged as the drill bit balling, the pressure difference between the liquid column pressure and the annular liquid column in the pipe column is increased by increasing the displacement until the pressure difference is higher than the starting threshold of the self-adaptive pressure nozzle, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle which is inversely installed is started, after the drill bit is started, the chip groove balling can be effectively removed, after the balling is completed, and when the pressure difference between the liquid column pressure and the annular liquid column pressure in the pipe column is lower than the starting threshold of the self-adaptive pressure nozzle is reduced, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the drill bit gauge is restored to the state, so that the cutting teeth of the drill bit pointing to the bottom of the drill bit can be effectively ensured to cool and the cutting teeth of the well nozzle and the bottom of the well is protected, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.
(2) The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention adopts two pressure self-adaptive nozzle mounting modes with different purposes. One is directed to the bottom hole direction, mainly used for cleaning the bottom hole and cooling the cutting teeth; the other is that the inverted installation points to the wellhead or the gauge direction, is mainly used for removing the drilling mud packet or the pump stop mud packet, can realize the self-locking nozzle when the pump stop connects the stand column, and prevents the borehole annulus drilling fluid from flowing backward into the internal flow passage of the drill string to block the nozzle.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PDC bit with multiple nozzles according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PDC bit with a pressure adaptive nozzle a mounted therein in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a PDC bit with a pressure adaptive nozzle b mounted thereon in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view 1 showing the structure of a pressure-adaptive nozzle a according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a pressure-adaptive nozzle a according to an embodiment of the present invention 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view 1 of a pressure-adaptive nozzle b according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a pressure-adaptive nozzle b according to an embodiment of the present invention 2;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a general nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-bit body, 2-joint, 3-blade, 301-blade gage, 302-blade crown, 303-cutting tooth, 4-junk slot, 5-pressure adaptive nozzle a, 501-outer housing a, 502-slide bar a, 503-fixed slide sleeve, 504-spring a, 505-limit nut a, 506-cone a, 507-cone face a, 6-pressure adaptive nozzle b, 601-outer housing b, 602-slide bar b, 603-movable slide sleeve, 604-spring b, 605-limit nut b, 606-cone face b, 607-cone face b, 608-nozzle orifice, 7-plain nozzle.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects, structure and function of the present invention, a pressure adaptive PDC drill bit of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. The specific embodiments described herein are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only of some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 8, the present invention provides a pressure adaptive PDC drill bit, which comprises a drill bit body 1, a connector 2, blades 3, junk slots 4 and a nozzle, wherein the drill bit body 1 is installed on the connector 2, the blades 3 are arranged above the drill bit body, the blades 3 comprise blade gage 301, blade crown 302 and cutting teeth 303, the junk slots 4 are positioned between the blades 3, the nozzle comprises a pressure adaptive nozzle and a common nozzle 7, the pressure adaptive nozzle comprises an outer shell, a sliding rod, a sliding sleeve, a spring and a limit nut, the sliding sleeve is divided into a fixed sliding sleeve 503 and a movable sliding sleeve 603, the pressure adaptive nozzle is divided into a pressure adaptive nozzle a5 and a pressure adaptive nozzle b6 according to different types of sliding sleeves, and the pressure adaptive nozzle can also be combined with the common nozzle 7.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 4 and fig. 5, in this embodiment, a fixed sliding sleeve 503 is used in the pressure adaptive nozzle a5, the fixed sliding sleeve 503 is installed in the outer shell a501, the sliding rod a502 passes through the fixed sliding sleeve 503 and is installed in the fixed sliding sleeve 503, the sliding rod a502, the outer shell a501 and the fixed sliding sleeve 503 form a structure capable of sliding along the axial direction, a spring a504 is sleeved on the sliding rod a502, the spring a504 is preloaded in the fixed sliding sleeve 503 by a limit nut a505, the compression degree of the spring can be changed by adjusting the position of the limit nut a505 relative to the sliding rod a502, the size of the preload of the spring is regulated, the upper end of the sliding rod a502 in the pressure adaptive nozzle a5 is in an inverted cone shape, a conical surface a506 formed by the inverted cone structure is preloaded on a conical surface a507 in the nozzle shell under the preload of the spring a504, and the outer shell a501, the sliding rod a502 and the fixed sliding sleeve 503 in the pressure adaptive nozzle a5 jointly form a pressure adaptive nozzle channel.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 6 and fig. 7, a movable sliding sleeve 603 is used in the pressure adaptive nozzle b6, a spring b604 is installed in the movable sliding sleeve 603, the movable sliding sleeve 603 and the spring b604 are sleeved on a sliding rod b602 together, two end faces of the spring b604 are limited by steps on the movable sliding sleeve 603 and the sliding rod b602, the sliding rod b602 and an outer shell b601 can be fixedly connected with a nozzle shell through threads and welding, the lower end of the sliding rod b602 is connected with a limit nut b605 through threads, the movable sliding sleeve 603 can slide relative to the sliding rod b602 along the axial direction, a spring b604 is sleeved on the sliding rod b602, the spring b604 is preloaded in the movable sliding sleeve 603 by the limit nut b605, a nozzle hole 608 is formed in the top end of the sliding rod b602, the compression degree of the spring can be changed by adjusting the position of the limit nut b605 relative to the sliding rod b602, the spring elasticity is regulated, the lower end of the movable sliding sleeve 603 is in a reverse conical shape, a conical surface b606 formed by the reverse conical structure is fixedly connected with the nozzle shell b607 under the elasticity of the spring b607, and the pressure adaptive nozzle b6 and the pressure adaptive nozzle b602 are jointly preloaded in the sliding rod 602.
In this embodiment, the pressure adaptive nozzle may be mounted on the PDC drill bit by screwing, welding or scarfing, the pressure adaptive nozzle a5 and the pressure adaptive nozzle b6 may be selectively used or combined according to the situation, or the common nozzle 7 may be used in a mixed manner, and the pressure adaptive nozzle may be mounted on the drill bit body 1 pointing to the bottom of the well, or may be mounted in the junk slot 4 pointing to the well hole near the blade gage 301 in an inverted manner.
The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention has a self-locking function, and can be started only when the pressure of the liquid column in the drill string is higher than the pressure of the annular liquid column and the pressure difference is higher than the starting threshold of the pressure self-adaptive nozzle. The drill bit has the beneficial effects that when the pressure difference value between the liquid column pressure in the drill column and the annular liquid column pressure is lower than the opening threshold value of the pressure self-adaptive nozzle, the nozzle is automatically locked, and the locked nozzle can prevent drilling fluid carrying rock debris from flowing backwards into the flow passage in the drill bit body to block the nozzle when the vertical column is connected. When the column is connected and the pump is started for circulation, after the pressure of the liquid column in the drill column is greater than the pressure of the liquid column in the annulus to a certain threshold value, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle is automatically started, and normal drilling is realized as the conventional nozzle.
The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention has the advantages that the pressure self-adaptive nozzle which is arranged in the chip groove and points to the wellhead direction has a higher pressure opening threshold value than the pressure self-adaptive nozzle which points to the bottom of the well, the nozzle is in a self-locking state during normal drilling, the chip groove is directly flushed by increasing the pump pressure when the pump pressure reaches the nozzle pressure opening threshold value only when the wellhead judges that the chip groove has the mud packet, the chip groove mud packet is removed, the pump pressure is reduced to be lower than the nozzle pressure opening threshold value after the mud packet is released, and the nozzle is automatically locked. The conventional drill bit is not provided with the inverted nozzle in the junk slot, and mainly because the discharge capacity reaching the bottom of the well is reduced if the junk slot nozzle is in a normally open state, the junk slot nozzle not only affects the junk slot at the bottom of the well, but also reduces the cleaning effect of the cutting teeth and affects the mechanical drilling speed.
The pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention adopts two pressure self-adaptive nozzle mounting modes with different purposes. One is directed to the bottom hole direction, mainly used for cleaning the bottom hole and cooling the cutting teeth; the other is that the inverted installation points to the wellhead or the gauge direction, is mainly used for removing the drilling mud packet or the pump stop mud packet, can realize the self-locking nozzle when the pump stop connects the stand column, and prevents the borehole annulus drilling fluid from flowing backward into the internal flow passage of the drill string to block the nozzle.
According to the pressure self-adaptive PDC drill bit provided by the invention, during normal drilling, only the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the bottom of a well is started by controlling the displacement and the pumping pressure, and the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the drill bit gauge for removing the chip groove balling is in a locking state, when the drilling is continued after the pump is stopped and the stand column is connected, if the mechanical drilling speed is obviously reduced or the pumping pressure is increased, or the machine speed after the drill bit is drilled is obviously lower than the expected speed, the possible reasons are judged as the drill bit balling, the pressure difference between the liquid column pressure and the annular liquid column in the pipe column is increased by increasing the displacement until the pressure difference is higher than the starting threshold of the self-adaptive pressure nozzle, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle which is inversely installed is started, after the drill bit is started, the chip groove balling can be effectively removed, after the balling is completed, and when the pressure difference between the liquid column pressure and the annular liquid column pressure in the pipe column is lower than the starting threshold of the self-adaptive pressure nozzle is reduced, the pressure self-adaptive nozzle pointing to the drill bit gauge is restored to the state, so that the cutting teeth of the drill bit pointing to the bottom of the drill bit can be effectively ensured to cool and the cutting teeth of the well nozzle and the bottom of the well is protected, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.
It will be understood that the invention has been described with respect to certain embodiments and that various changes and equivalents may be made to those features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1.一种压力自适应PDC钻头，包括钻头本体（1）、接头（2）、刀翼（3）、排屑槽（4）和喷嘴，钻头本体（1）安装在接头（2）上，其上方有刀翼（3），刀翼（3）包括刀翼保径（301）、刀翼冠部（302）和切削齿（303），排屑槽（4）位于刀翼（3）之间，其特征在于，所述喷嘴包括压力自适应喷嘴和普通喷嘴（7），所述压力自适应喷嘴包括外壳体、滑动杆、滑套、弹簧、限位螺帽，其中滑套分为固定滑套（503）和活动滑套（603），根据滑套种类不同，压力自适应喷嘴分为压力自适应喷嘴a（5）和压力自适应喷嘴b（6），所述压力自适应喷嘴安装在指向井底的钻头本体（1）上，和倒置安装在指向井眼的靠近刀翼保径（301）处的排屑槽（4）内；1. A pressure adaptive PDC drill bit, including a drill body (1), a joint (2), a blade (3), a flute (4) and a nozzle, the drill body (1) is installed on the joint (2), There is a knife wing (3) above it, and the knife wing (3) includes the knife wing gauge (301), the knife wing crown (302) and the cutting teeth (303), and the chip removal groove (4) is located on the knife wing (3) Between, it is characterized in that the nozzle includes a pressure adaptive nozzle and an ordinary nozzle (7), and the pressure adaptive nozzle includes an outer shell, a sliding rod, a sliding sleeve, a spring, and a limit nut, wherein the sliding sleeve is divided into a fixed Sliding sleeve (503) and movable sliding sleeve (603), according to different types of sliding sleeves, pressure adaptive nozzles are divided into pressure adaptive nozzle a (5) and pressure adaptive nozzle b (6), the pressure adaptive nozzle is installed On the drill body (1) pointing to the bottom of the well, and installed upside down in the chip flute (4) near the blade gage (301) pointing to the well; 所述压力自适应喷嘴a（5）中使用固定滑套（503），所述固定滑套（503）安装在外壳体a（501）内，滑动杆a（502）穿过固定滑套（503）并安装在固定滑套（503）内，所述的滑动杆a（502）与外壳体a（501）和固定滑套（503）形成可沿轴线方向滑动的结构，所述滑动杆a（502）上套接有弹簧a（504），所述弹簧a（504）被限位螺帽a（505）预压在固定滑套（503）内；The pressure adaptive nozzle a (5) uses a fixed sliding sleeve (503), the fixed sliding sleeve (503) is installed in the outer casing a (501), and the sliding rod a (502) passes through the fixed sliding sleeve (503 ) and installed in the fixed sliding sleeve (503), the sliding rod a (502) forms a structure that can slide along the axial direction with the outer shell a (501) and the fixed sliding sleeve (503), the sliding rod a ( 502) is sleeved with a spring a (504), and the spring a (504) is pre-pressed in the fixed sliding sleeve (503) by the limit nut a (505); 所述压力自适应喷嘴b（6）中使用活动滑套（603），所述活动滑套（603）内安装有弹簧b（604），所述活动滑套（603）和弹簧b（604）一起套接于滑动杆b（602），所述弹簧b（604）两端面受活动滑套（603）和滑动杆b（602）上的台阶限位，所述滑动杆b（602）和外壳体b（601）通过螺纹或焊接的方式与喷嘴外壳固定连接，所述滑动杆b（602）下端与限位螺帽b（605）通过螺纹连接；A movable sliding sleeve (603) is used in the pressure adaptive nozzle b (6), and a spring b (604) is installed in the movable sliding sleeve (603), and the movable sliding sleeve (603) and the spring b (604) Sleeve together on the sliding rod b (602), the two ends of the spring b (604) are limited by the steps on the movable sliding sleeve (603) and the sliding rod b (602), the sliding rod b (602) and the shell The body b (601) is fixedly connected to the nozzle housing by thread or welding, and the lower end of the sliding rod b (602) is threaded to the limit nut b (605); 根据用途不同，采用了两种不同用途的压力自适应喷嘴安装方式：一种是指向井底方向，主要用于井底清洗携岩和切削齿冷却；另一种是倒置安装指向井口或保径方向，主要用于清除下钻泥包或停泵泥包，可实现停泵接立柱时自行锁闭喷嘴，防止井眼环空钻井液倒灌进入钻柱内部流道堵塞喷嘴；According to different purposes, two pressure-adaptive nozzle installation methods for different purposes are adopted: one is to point to the bottom of the well, which is mainly used for bottom-hole cleaning, rock carrying and cutting tooth cooling; the other is to be installed upside down and point to the wellhead or gauge Direction, mainly used to remove the mud bag when drilling or stopping the pump, which can automatically lock the nozzle when the pump is stopped and connected to the column, and prevent the drilling fluid from flowing back into the inner flow channel of the drill string to block the nozzle; 正常钻进时，通过控制排量和泵压，仅指向井底的压力自适应喷嘴开启，而指向钻头保径用于清除排屑槽泥包的压力自适应喷嘴处于锁闭状态，当停泵接立柱后，继续钻进时，若出现机械钻速明显降低或泵压升高现象，或钻头下钻后机速明显低于预期，判断原因为钻头泥包时，通过增加排量提高管柱内的液柱压力与环空液柱压力差，直到该压力差高于自适应压力喷嘴开启阈值时，倒置安装的压力自适应喷嘴开启，开启后钻井液直接清洗泥包的排屑槽，可有效清除排屑槽泥包，完成泥包清除后，通过降低排量和泵压使得管柱内的液柱压力与环空液柱压力差低于自适应压力喷嘴开启阈值时，指向钻头保径的压力自适应喷嘴又恢复到锁闭状态，这样能够有效确保钻头指向井底喷嘴的切削齿冷却和井底钻井液携岩能力，达到保护钻头切削齿和延长钻头使用寿命的目的；During normal drilling, by controlling the displacement and pump pressure, only the pressure-adaptive nozzles pointing to the bottom of the well are opened, while the pressure-adaptive nozzles pointing to the gauge of the drill bit to remove mud balls in the flute are locked. When the pump is stopped After the column is connected, when continuing to drill, if the ROP decreases significantly or the pump pressure increases, or the machine speed is significantly lower than expected after the drill bit is lowered, and the cause is judged to be mud balling, increase the displacement of the pipe string. The pressure difference between the liquid column pressure inside and the annular space until the pressure difference is higher than the opening threshold of the adaptive pressure nozzle, the pressure adaptive nozzle installed upside down will be opened, and the drilling fluid will directly clean the chip groove of the mud bag after opening, which can Effectively clear the mud balls in the chip flute. After the mud balls are removed, reduce the displacement and pump pressure so that the difference between the liquid column pressure in the pipe string and the annular space liquid column pressure is lower than the opening threshold of the adaptive pressure nozzle, and point to the drill bit gauge The pressure adaptive nozzle returns to the locked state, which can effectively ensure the cooling of the cutting teeth of the drill pointing to the bottom hole nozzle and the rock-carrying ability of the bottom hole drilling fluid, so as to protect the cutting teeth of the drill bit and prolong the service life of the drill bit; 所述压力自适应喷嘴a（5）与压力自适应喷嘴b（6）组合使用。The pressure adaptive nozzle a (5) is used in combination with the pressure adaptive nozzle b (6). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种压力自适应PDC钻头，其特征在于，所述压力自适应喷嘴a（5）中滑动杆a（502）上端呈倒锥形结构，该倒锥形结构形成的锥面a（506）在弹簧a（504）预紧力作用下预压在喷嘴壳体内圆锥面a（507）上。2. A pressure-adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper end of the sliding rod a (502) in the pressure-adaptive nozzle a (5) has an inverted tapered structure, and the inverted tapered structure The formed conical surface a (506) is pre-pressed on the inner conical surface a (507) of the nozzle housing under the action of the pre-tightening force of the spring a (504). 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种压力自适应PDC钻头，其特征在于，所述压力自适应喷嘴a（5）中外壳体a（501）、滑动杆a（502）和固定滑套（503）共同形成了压力自适应喷嘴通道。3. A pressure-adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, the outer casing a (501), sliding rod a (502) and fixed sliding sleeve ( 503 ) together form a pressure adaptive nozzle channel. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种压力自适应PDC钻头，其特征在于，所述活动滑套（603）可相对滑动杆b（602）沿轴线方向滑动，所述滑动杆b（602）上套接有弹簧b（604），所述弹簧b（604）被限位螺帽b（605）预压在活动滑套（603）内，所述的滑动杆b（602）顶端开设有喷嘴孔（608）。4. A pressure-adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, the movable sliding sleeve (603) can slide along the axial direction relative to the sliding rod b (602), and the sliding rod b (602) A spring b (604) is sleeved on the top, and the spring b (604) is pre-pressed in the movable sliding sleeve (603) by the limit nut b (605), and the top of the sliding rod b (602) is provided with a nozzle hole (608). 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种压力自适应PDC钻头，其特征在于，所述活动滑套（603）下端呈倒锥形结构，该倒锥形结构形成的锥面b（606）在弹簧b（604）的弹力作用下预压在喷嘴壳体内圆锥面b（607）上。5. A pressure-adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 4, characterized in that, the lower end of the movable sliding sleeve (603) has an inverted conical structure, and the conical surface b (606) formed by the inverted conical structure is in the The elastic force of the spring b (604) is pre-pressed on the inner conical surface b (607) of the nozzle housing. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种压力自适应PDC钻头，其特征在于，所述压力自适应喷嘴b（6）中外壳体b（601）、滑动杆b（602）和活动滑套（603）共同形成了压力自适应喷嘴通道。6. A pressure-adaptive PDC drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, the outer casing b (601), sliding rod b (602) and movable sliding sleeve ( 603) together form a pressure adaptive nozzle channel.
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