CN116024944A - Down-the-hole fish gate - Google Patents
Down-the-hole fish gate Download PDFInfo
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- CN116024944A CN116024944A CN202310190241.6A CN202310190241A CN116024944A CN 116024944 A CN116024944 A CN 116024944A CN 202310190241 A CN202310190241 A CN 202310190241A CN 116024944 A CN116024944 A CN 116024944A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a down-the-hole type fish gate, which is used as a type of fish passing facilities, adopts a culvert type structure with pressure overflow mode, and forms continuous, stable and low-speed water flow in the fish gate by reasonably arranging a gate and designing a water draining system so as to finally realize fish passing of the fish gate. The fish passing gate chamber is sequentially provided with an upstream check gate, a first working gate, a second working gate and a downstream check gate from upstream to downstream, an air vent is arranged on the fish passing gate chamber between the upstream check gate and the first working gate, and a manhole, a drainage device and a pipeline are arranged on the fish passing gate chamber between the first working gate and the second working gate. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: protecting fish migration and restoring ecological balance of river channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water ecological engineering, relates to a fish passing facility for rapidly passing fish on the upstream and downstream of a water retaining building, and particularly relates to a down-the-hole fish gate.
Background
Fish passing facilities have been developed as an engineering measure for protecting aquatic species resources, such as fishways, fish lifts, fish gates, natural passages, etc. The operation mode of the existing fish lock is similar to that of a ship lock, fish can pass through a dam in a lock chamber by means of rising of water level without tracing, and the operation period is divided into four stages of fish attracting, water filling rising, fish leading-out and emptying. The main problems are complex engineering structure, extremely high operation and maintenance requirements, high failure rate and the like. The fishway engineering occupies large area, and the fish passing behavior is mainly that of the fishway engineering, and is generally applicable to medium and low water heads. The fish passing facilities are limited and required by upstream and downstream water heads, site conditions, operation management and the like, and most of the fish passing facilities are not ideal in China.
The fish passing facility is used as an effective means for restoring the ecological balance of a river channel, has positive effects on protecting the migratory fish and protecting the ecological environment, so that the down-the-hole fish gate is provided for solving the problems faced by the current fish passing facility, ensuring the fish passing effect and simultaneously overcoming the defects in operation management.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the requirements, the invention aims to provide a down-the-hole fish gate, which adopts a culvert type structure with a pressure overflow mode, forms continuous and stable low-speed water flow in the fish gate by designing a water drainage system, realizes the purposes of autonomous and rapid completion of ascending and descending of fish passing objects, and is used as a fish passing facility for solving the problem of fish passing on the upstream and downstream of a water retaining building, realizes bidirectional and rapid fish passing and has simple and convenient operation management, thereby being an effective means for restoring the ecological balance of a river channel.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a down-the-hole fish gate mainly comprises a fish gate passing chamber, a service gate, a working gate, a vent hole, a manhole, a drainage device and a pipeline; the method is characterized in that: the overhaul gate is divided into an upstream overhaul gate and a downstream overhaul gate, the working gate is divided into a first working gate and a second working gate, the fish-passing gate chamber provides a fish-passing channel for fish passing objects, and the upstream and the downstream are arranged according to the water flow direction; the fish passing gate chamber is sequentially provided with an upstream check gate, a first working gate, a second working gate and a downstream check gate from upstream to downstream, an air vent is arranged on the fish passing gate chamber between the upstream check gate and the first working gate, and a manhole, a drainage device and a pipeline are arranged on the fish passing gate chamber between the first working gate and the second working gate; the upstream access gate is placed in the upstream access gate slot, the downstream access gate is placed in the downstream access gate slot, the first working gate is placed in the first working gate slot, and the second working gate is placed in the second working gate slot.
Furthermore, the down-the-hole fish gate is applied to a fish passing period and a non-fish passing period or a maintenance period; and in the fish passing period, the first working gate and the second working gate are correspondingly operated, and in the non-fish passing period or the overhauling period, the fish gate correspondingly operates the upstream overhauling gate and the downstream overhauling gate.
Further, the fish gate passing chamber is a culvert structure between an inlet and an outlet of the down-the-hole type fish gate, is arranged in a dam or combined with tunnel engineering, or is independently arranged, the fish gate passing chamber is of a reinforced concrete or pipe structure, the fish gate passing chamber adopts pressurized water, and an upstream inlet and a downstream outlet have a certain submerged depth in the fish passing period. The longitudinal axis of the fish gate needs to be comprehensively considered from the water flow state in the gate chamber, the building arrangement, the retention requirement of fish passing objects and the like. The cross section size of the fish passing gate chamber structure is comprehensively determined according to the body length of a fish passing object and the designed fish passing scale.
Further, the working gates, namely the gates opened and closed by the fish passing operation of the fish gate, are arranged in series by adopting 2 gates, and are divided into a first working gate and a second working gate, the working gates are additionally arranged according to the requirement to form multi-stage fish gates, and the tops of the working gates are all lower than the lowest water level of the downstream of the fish passing period. The method is characterized in that when a fish object is in a fish-crossing gate, a working gate is additionally arranged when the physiological function is difficult to adjust in place due to a large change of the indoor water pressure of the fish-crossing gate, or when the water head of the down-the-hole type fish gate is high, the gate can be additionally arranged to form a multi-stage fish gate, the operation mode is similar to that of a ship gate, the reciprocating opening and closing operation process is adopted, namely, the opening and closing process of one gate is sequentially started after the opening and closing of the other gate is completed, and the other working gates are in a closed state in the opening and closing process of the gate.
Further, the working state of the working gate is as follows: the working gate adopts a reciprocating type opening and closing operation process, namely, the opening and closing process of the second working gate is sequentially started after the first working gate is completed, wherein one working gate is in a closing state in the opening and closing process, and the other working gates are in a closing state.
Furthermore, the overhaul gate is a gate which can meet the running requirement of the fish gate in the non-fish passing period or the overhaul period, is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the upstream and downstream of the fish passing gate chamber, and is used for the overhaul period, and simultaneously, the upstream and downstream overhaul gates are closed, and the upstream overhaul gate is closed for water blocking in the non-fish passing period.
Further, when the fish gate is overhauled or enters a non-fish passing period, the overhauling gate is closed to finish air intake; when the fish gate starts to pass fish, the overhaul gate is opened to finish the exhaust.
Further, when the manhole, the drainage device and the pipeline are all engineering inspection and maintenance, after the upstream and downstream inspection gates are closed, the manhole inspection and maintenance operation is carried out after the fish gate is emptied, the inspection gate is closed during the fish gate maintenance period, the drain device and the pipeline are used for emptying the fish gate, and the manhole is opened to finish inspection and maintenance.
Further, the gate is replaced by a valve, the overhaul gate is the overhaul valve, and the working gate is the working valve. When the fish gate passing chamber structure adopts a pipe structure, the valve is adopted to play a working and overhauling function, the corresponding working valve and overhauling valve are arranged, and the arrangement conditions of the valves are as same as the gate, but the arranged gate slot is required to be canceled, and the inlet and the drain equipment and the pipeline can be canceled as required.
The invention adopts another technical scheme as follows: the down-the-hole type fish gate also comprises a fish gate water draining system, wherein the fish gate water draining system controls the water draining flow of the fish gate to form continuous, stable and low-speed water flow in the fish gate, and the fish gate water draining system provides two options of gate hole distribution and communicating pipe arrangement; regarding the gate hole arrangement scheme, specifically: the working gate plate is uniformly provided with small holes, the working gate can keep water and drain water automatically through the small holes, the size and the number of the small holes can control the water drainage flow, and the working gate is designed according to the needs. In the running operation process of the fish gate, the water discharge flow in the fish gate is always controlled by a closed working gate, and the large change of the gate caused by the opening and closing of the gate can be avoided. Continuous and stable low-speed water flow conditions are achieved in the fish gate.
Regarding the communicating tube scheme, specifically: and communicating pipes are arranged between the upstream and the downstream of each working gate and are divided into a communicating pipe inlet and a communicating pipe outlet, the communicating pipes are provided with communicating pipe upper gate valves, and the communicating pipe inlet and the communicating pipe outlet are respectively provided with a communicating pipe inlet grid and a communicating pipe outlet grid. When the gate stops water, the communicating pipe is used for draining water, and the water draining flow of the fish gate is always controlled by the communicating pipe at the closed working gate in the operation process of fish passing, so that continuous and stable low-speed water flow is formed in the fish gate.
The invention adopts another technical scheme as follows: the fish monitoring system monitors the fish passing condition of the fish gate, comprises real-time monitoring of fish passing types, sizes, numbers, time and water pressure, an observation chamber is arranged in the fish gate, necessary observation and recording equipment such as a camera, a fish detector and a counter are arranged in the fish gate, meanwhile, pressure sensing equipment is buried at an inlet, a gate chamber and an outlet of the fish gate, the water pressure change and the flow state condition in the fish passing process of the fish gate are collected, all monitoring items can be automatically monitored continuously and stored day and night, and the monitoring result provides basis support for optimizing the operation flow of the fish gate. The fish gate is connected with the fish gate in a running mode through the water flow condition formed by the water drainage system in the gate chamber.
The innovation point of the invention is that: firstly, the fish gate adopts a culvert type structure with a pressurized water discharge fish passing mode, but not a current open type pressureless fish passing mode, so that the water level adjusting processes of water filling rising, emptying and the like of a gate chamber are avoided, the fish passing time is shortened, and the fish passing efficiency is improved; secondly, two water draining schemes of a gate hole arrangement and a communicating pipe arrangement are provided, the fish gate forms continuous and stable low-speed water flow in a fish passing period, necessary conditions are provided for the autonomous fish passing of a fish passing object, the upward tracing and the downward running are realized, and meanwhile, the artificial complex operation flows of fish induction, fish extraction and the like of the existing fish gate are removed; thirdly, a pipeline type fish passing gate chamber and a fish gate structure for working and overhauling by using a gate valve are provided, and a new direction is provided for newly-built and reformed fish passing facilities; fourthly, the fish-passing monitoring project is enriched, the water pressure monitoring content is provided, and the monitoring result provides basis support for optimizing the operation flow of the fish gate.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. in engineering arrangement, the dam body, the tunnel and the like can be combined in engineering application, and the engineering hardly occupies other land. 2. On engineering investment, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, mature technical conditions of equipment such as gates, drainage and the like and low engineering cost. 3. In engineering operation, the operation management of the gate is mainly performed, the operation is simple, and the fish passing time can be effectively shortened. 4. In engineering application, the invention is not only suitable for low water head conditions, but also suitable for medium and high water heads. 5. In the fish passing effect, the cross section size of the fish passing gate chamber can be determined according to the fish passing object, and the application range of the fish passing object is wide. Meanwhile, the indoor water flow condition of the fish passing gate is stable, and the fish passing object can pass through the fish passing gate in an upward tracing way and a downward running way.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fish gate of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the fish gate of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the fish passing process of the fish gate of the present invention, i.e. the two working gates are closed.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the fish passing process of the fish gate of the present invention, i.e. the downstream working gate is opened and the fish is passed.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the fish passing process of the fish gate of the present invention, i.e., the downstream working gate is closed.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the fish passing process of the fish gate of the present invention, i.e. the upstream working gate is open and the fish is passing.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of the fish passing process of the fish gate of the present invention, i.e., the upstream working gate is closed.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a communication pipe of the drainage system according to the present invention.
In fig. 1-2, an upstream service gate slot 1, a first service gate slot 2, a second service gate slot 3, a downstream service gate slot 4, a first service gate 5, a second service gate 6, a manhole 7, drainage equipment, piping 8, and a vent 9.
In fig. 8, a communication pipe 10, a communication pipe upper gate valve 11, a communication pipe inlet 12, a communication pipe outlet 13, a communication pipe inlet grille 14, and a communication pipe outlet grille 15.
Note that: the sluice drainage system shown in figures 1, 2 and 3-7 adopts a sluice hole distribution scheme, wherein the left side is upstream of the sluice, and the right side is downstream of the sluice.
Detailed Description
The specific implementation process of the invention is as follows: a down-the-hole fish gate mainly comprises a fish gate passing chamber, a water draining system and a fish passing monitoring system. The fish passing gate chamber provides a fish passing channel for fish passing objects, the water draining system controls the water draining flow of the fish gate, and continuous and stable low-speed water flow in the fish gate is formed, and the fish passing monitoring system monitors the fish passing condition of the fish gate. The fish gate is connected with the fish gate in a running mode through the water flow condition formed by the water drainage system in the gate chamber.
As shown in fig. 1-8, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a down-the-hole fish gate mainly comprises a fish gate passing chamber, a service gate, a working gate, a vent hole, a manhole, a drainage device and a pipeline; the method is characterized in that: the overhaul gate is divided into an upstream overhaul gate and a downstream overhaul gate, the working gate is divided into a first working gate 5 and a second working gate 6, and the upstream and the downstream are arranged in the fish gate passing chamber; the fish passing gate chamber is sequentially provided with an upstream access gate slot 1, a first working gate slot 2, a second working gate slot 3 and a downstream access gate slot 4 from upstream to downstream, a vent hole 9 is arranged on the fish passing gate chamber between the upstream access gate slot 1 and the first working gate slot 2, a manhole 7, a drainage device and a pipeline 8 are arranged on the fish passing gate chamber between the first working gate slot 2 and the second working gate slot 3, the upstream access gate is placed in the upstream access gate slot 1, the downstream access gate is placed in the downstream access gate slot 4, the first working gate is placed in the first working gate slot 2, and the second working gate is placed in the second working gate slot 3.
For the technical scheme, when the fish gate chamber adopts a pipe structure and a gate valve for working and overhauling, the arrangement of the working valve, the overhauling valve and the vent hole is consistent with the technical scheme, but the upstream overhauling gate slot 1, the first working gate slot 2, the second working gate slot 3 and the downstream overhauling gate slot 4 are required to be canceled, and the manhole 7, the drainage equipment and the pipeline 8 can be canceled as required.
The invention adopts another technical scheme as follows: the down-the-hole type fish gate also comprises a fish gate water draining system, wherein the fish gate water draining system controls the water draining flow of the fish gate, continuous and stable low-speed water flow is formed in the fish gate, and the fish gate water draining system provides two options of gate hole distribution and communicating pipe arrangement; regarding the gate hole arrangement scheme, specifically: the working gate plate is uniformly provided with small holes, the working gate can keep water and drain water automatically through the small holes, the size and the number of the small holes can control the water drainage flow, and the working gate is designed according to the needs. In the running operation process of the fish gate, the water discharge flow in the fish gate is always controlled by a closed working gate without great change caused by the opening and closing of other gates, so that continuous and stable low-speed water flow is formed in the fish gate. Regarding the communicating tube scheme, specifically: a communicating pipe 10 is arranged between the upstream and the downstream of each working gate, the communicating pipe 10 is divided into a communicating pipe inlet 12 and a communicating pipe outlet 13, a communicating pipe upper gate valve 11 is arranged on the communicating pipe, and a communicating pipe inlet grille 14 and a communicating pipe outlet grille 15 are respectively arranged on the communicating pipe inlet and the communicating pipe outlet. When the gate stops water, the communicating pipe is used for draining water, and the water draining flow of the fish gate is always controlled by the communicating pipe at the closed working gate in the operation process of fish passing, so that continuous and stable low-speed water flow is formed in the fish gate.
The fish gate needs to be coordinated with other buildings of the junction in terms of engineering arrangement, and preferably, the fish gate is arranged by being combined with a dam body or utilizing an excavated tunnel.
The fish gate chamber is internally provided with a working gate, a maintenance gate, an air vent, a manhole, a drainage device, a pipeline and the like. During fish passing, the fish gate operates the working gate, and the arrangement of equipment and facilities is shown in figures 1-2. And the fish gate runs the overhaul gate instead of the fish passing period or the overhaul period.
The two access gates are respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet of the upper and the lower stream of the fish gate. The working gate is provided with two paths, when a fish object is difficult to adjust in place due to large indoor water pressure change of the fish gate, the working gate is additionally arranged, or when the down-the-hole type fish gate head is higher, the gate can be additionally arranged, so that the multi-stage fish gate is formed. The working gates are arranged in series on the flat slope section of the gate chamber, and the tops of the gates are all lower than the lowest water level of the downstream of the fish passing period by 0.5m. The upper and lower inlets and outlets of the fish gate are suitable to meet the height of the swimming layer of the main fish passing object, so that the submerged depth of the upper and lower inlets and outlets below the lowest water level in the fish passing period is ensured to be not less than 1.0m.
The longitudinal axis of the fish gate needs to be comprehensively considered from the water flow state in the gate chamber, the building arrangement, the retention requirement of fish passing objects and the like. The turning radius of the axis is not less than 3 times of the maximum size of the section, and the gradient is not more than 1/10. The fish gate length should not be too long, wherein:
1. the length between the adjacent overhaul gates and the working gates is determined according to the water gate design specification (SL 265-2016), the clear distance between the gate bodies is not less than 1.5m, the upstream overhaul gate also bears the water retaining task in the non-fish passing period besides overhaul, and the clear distance between the gate bodies is properly increased.
2. The length between the working gates is the sum of the length of a turbulent flow zone and the length of a fish-stagnation zone formed after the gate holes or the communicating pipes flow. The length of the turbulent flow zone is calculated by hydraulic power according to the scheme of a water drainage system and the water retaining head of a gate. The fish-stagnation zone is a stable water flow formed after the energy of the water is dissipated through the gate, provides a zone for adjusting physiological functions and waiting for passing the gate for the fish-passing object, can take the length of the turbulence zone to be 1-10 times, takes a large value when the length of the turbulence zone is shorter, takes a small value when the length of the turbulence zone is longer, and cannot be smaller than 5 times of the length of the fish-passing object at maximum.
3. If the calculated turbulence zone length value is too large, the calculated result of the sluice chamber length is too large, the fish passing efficiency is affected, and the energy dissipation measures after the sluice gate holes or communicating pipes are in overflow should be optimized.
The fish gate passing chamber structure can be cast by reinforced concrete and can be formed by installing pipelines. The cross dimension of the lock chamber is comprehensively determined according to the body length of the fish passing object and the scale of the fish passing object, the minimum inlet height is not less than 1.8m, the inlet width is not less than 1.2m, and the inner diameter of the circular section is not less than 1.0m. The style and opening and closing modes of the gate are determined by comprehensive analysis and comparison according to arrangement modes, hydraulic conditions, operation management, cross section size of the fish gate passing chamber and the like. The structure of the working gate and the structure of the overhaul gate meet the requirements of the design Specification of the steel gate of the water conservancy and hydropower engineering (SL 74-2019). The calculation of the vent area is performed with reference to the Water conservancy and hydropower engineering Steel Gate design Specification (SL 74-2019).
The fish gate water draining system provides continuous and stable low-speed water flow for fish passing objects to pass through the gate automatically. The invention provides two schemes of gate hole arrangement and communicating pipe arrangement, wherein the gate hole arrangement scheme is that small holes with the same size and number are uniformly distributed on each working gate plate, and the gate can not only keep water but also control the water discharge flow through the holes. In the running operation process of the fish gate, the water discharge flow in the fish gate is always controlled by a closed working gate without great change caused by the opening and closing of other gates, and meanwhile, the water pressure in the gate can be regulated by regulating the opening and closing speed of the gate; the communicating pipe scheme (figure 8) is to set up communicating pipes between the upstream and downstream of each working gate, and the communicating pipes drain water when the gate stops water. The communicating pipe is composed of an inlet grating, a communicating pipe, a gate valve and an outlet grating. The inlet and outlet grille is mainly used for stabilizing, homogenizing and low-flow-rate water inlet and outlet of the communicating pipe, and the gate valve is used for controlling the water discharge flow in the gate chamber and regulating the water pressure. In the operation process of fish passing, the water discharge flow of the fish gate is always controlled by a communicating pipe at the closed working gate.
When the sluice water drainage system is designed, the inlets of all schemes cannot absorb fish passing objects due to overlarge water flow velocity, and meanwhile, the energy dissipation modes of the holes of the sluice gate plate or the outlets of the communicating pipes are reasonably determined, the sluice gate hole distribution scheme mainly adopts water turbulence diffusion energy dissipation, and the longitudinal axis of the sluice gate can be combined and adjusted to form a cross with the water outlet direction, so that energy dissipation is realized by water flow impact or friction of the sluice gate wall; the scheme of the communicating pipe is that the tail of the communicating pipe is required to be split to form a plurality of opposite water flows, and the opposite water flows are mutually impacted or impacted to the gate wall to dissipate energy and then are diffused and dissipate energy by water turbulence.
The fish gate water drainage system needs to reasonably determine the water drainage flow according to fish passing objects according to the following principle:
1. under the condition of the maximum upstream and downstream water head, the average flow velocity of the section in the sluice chamber after one working sluice gate is completely opened cannot exceed the durable swimming velocity of the fish with the weakest swimming capability in the fish passing objects.
2. Under the condition of the minimum upstream and downstream water head, the average flow velocity of the section in the sluice chamber when the working sluice is completely closed is not smaller than the induction flow velocity of the fish passing object.
The gate plate hole leakage flow rate in the hole distribution scheme is determined according to a hole flow formula
Wherein: q-leakage flow of working Gate hole, unit m 3 /s。
n-the number of holes on the working gate.
Mu, A-flow coefficient of the holes and area of the holes.
H-water pressure difference of the inlet and outlet of the hole.
In the scheme of setting up the communicating pipe, the maximum leakage flow of the communicating pipe is calculated according to the pressure pipe, and the actual running flow is controlled by a gate valve on the communicating pipe.
The selection of the sluice drainage system scheme is determined by model test or numerical model analysis and comparison in combination with actual fish passing condition of the sluice, and especially the comparison is performed on the aspects of energy-eliminating effect, single-hole inlet flow rate and operation control. The hole distribution scheme has the advantages that the water flow direction of each section of water leakage in the fish gate is basically consistent with the longitudinal direction of the fish gate, the water flow is stable, the operation is simple, but the problems of vibration, cavitation and the like caused by hole flow in the operation process of the working gate need to be studied in a special way. The working gate is less affected by the drainage flow in the communicating pipe scheme, and the gate valve on the communicating pipe can control the flow and can better regulate the water pressure change in the gate chamber through controlling the flow, thereby being beneficial to regulating the physiological function of fish passing objects. However, the water outlet direction is difficult to be consistent with the longitudinal axis of the whole section of the fish gate, so that the energy dissipation process is complex, and the operation is relatively complex.
The fish gate monitoring system comprises monitoring of fish types, sizes, numbers, time, flow patterns and the like. The fish gate is respectively provided with an observation chamber at the inlet and the outlet, an observation window is reasonably arranged in the observation chamber, necessary observation and recording equipment such as a camera, a fish finder, a counter and the like are simultaneously arranged, meanwhile, pressure sensing equipment is buried at the inlet, the gate chamber and the outlet of the fish gate, water pressure change and flow state conditions in the fish passing process of the fish gate are collected, the observation equipment and the pressure sensing equipment can automatically and continuously observe day and night, the type and the size of fish passing objects, fish passing time, the water pressure change process and the like can be recorded, and the fish gate is stored.
The mode of running the working gate of the fish gate is similar to that of the ship gate, and the reciprocating type opening and closing operation process is adopted, namely, after one gate is opened and closed, the opening and closing process of the other gate is sequentially started, and in the opening and closing process of the gate, other working gates are in a closed state.
In the fish passing operation process of the fish gate, the fish passing time and the fish stagnation time of the fish gate can be determined through a fish gate monitoring system or a test, wherein:
1. the fish passing time length refers to the time length from when a certain gate starts to open to when the fish passing is completely closed, and is related to the swimming speed of a fish passing object and the physiological adaptation time length for opening and closing the gate.
2. The fish-retaining time length refers to the time length from when one gate is completely closed to when the other gate starts to open fish, and is related to the physiological adaptation time of a fish-passing object due to the change of water pressure, water flow and the like.
The operation rules of the working gates of the fishgates are determined according to observation tests. The fish gate should monitor the adaptation condition of fish object to water pressure change in the operation process of fish passing, and timely adjust the ascending/descending speed of the working gate or adjust the opening of the gate valve on the communicating pipe. The opening and closing speed of the working gate of the fish gate is basically slow and not fast, so that fish passing objects can adapt to the opening and closing process of the gate rapidly.
When the fish gate runs the overhaul gate, the opening and closing state of the working gate and the hydraulic conditions during opening and closing should be fully considered. When the inspection and maintenance are carried out, the upstream inspection gate is closed firstly, and then the downstream inspection gate is closed; after inspection and maintenance are completed, the downstream inspection gate is opened first, and then the upstream inspection gate is opened. The upstream overhaul gate is required to bear the water-retaining task in the non-fish period besides the water-retaining task in the overhaul period.
The fish gate fish passing operation process comprises the following steps: as in fig. 3-7, fig. 3: in the preparation period, the two gates are in a closed state, and the upstream and downstream inlets and outlets are subjected to water flow induction and fish shoals wait; fig. 4: the upstream working gate is still closed, the downstream working gate is opened, and the downstream fish passing gate is traced to the position between the two gates; fig. 5: the upstream working gate is still closed, the downstream working gate is closed, fish shoals wait at the upstream and downstream inlets and outlets, and the upstream fish shoals between the two gates are adapted to wait; fig. 6: the upstream working gate is opened, the downstream working gate is closed, the fish shoal between the two gates continues to trace upwards, and the upstream waiting fish shoal descends to the space between the two gates; fig. 7: the upstream working gate is closed, the downstream working gate is closed, the fish shoals wait at the upstream and downstream inlets and outlets, and the downstream fish shoals between the two gates are adapted to wait.
Claims (10)
1. A down-the-hole fish gate mainly comprises a fish gate passing chamber, a service gate, a working gate, a vent hole, a manhole, a drainage device and a pipeline; the method is characterized in that: the overhaul gate is divided into an upstream overhaul gate and a downstream overhaul gate, the working gate is divided into a first working gate and a second working gate, the fish-passing gate chamber provides a fish-passing channel for fish passing objects, and the upstream and the downstream are arranged according to the water flow direction; the fish passing gate chamber is sequentially provided with an upstream check gate, a first working gate, a second working gate and a downstream check gate from upstream to downstream, an air vent is arranged on the fish passing gate chamber between the upstream check gate and the first working gate, and a manhole, a drainage device and a pipeline are arranged on the fish passing gate chamber between the first working gate and the second working gate; the upstream access gate is placed in the upstream access gate slot, the downstream access gate is placed in the downstream access gate slot, the first working gate is placed in the first working gate slot, and the second working gate is placed in the second working gate slot.
2. A down-the-hole fish gate as defined in claim 1, wherein: the down-the-hole fish gate is applied to a fish passing period and a non-fish passing period or a maintenance period; and in the fish passing period, the first working gate and the second working gate are correspondingly operated, and in the non-fish passing period or the overhauling period, the fish gate correspondingly operates the upstream overhauling gate and the downstream overhauling gate.
3. A down-the-hole fish gate as defined in claim 2, wherein: the fish gate passing chamber is a culvert structure between an inlet and an outlet of the down-the-hole type fish gate, is arranged in a dam or combined with tunnel engineering, or is independently arranged, the fish gate passing chamber is of a reinforced concrete or pipe structure, the fish gate passing chamber adopts pressurized water, and an upstream inlet and a downstream outlet have a certain submerging depth in the fish passing period.
4. A down-the-hole fish gate as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the working gate, namely the gate that the fish gate is opened and closed through the fish running, is divided into a first working gate and a second working gate by adopting 2 gates which are arranged in series, and the working gate is additionally arranged according to the requirement to form a multi-stage fish gate, wherein the tops of the working gates are all lower than the lowest water level at the downstream of the fish passing period.
5. A down-the-hole fish gate as defined in claim 4, wherein: the overhaul gate is a gate which can meet the requirement that the fish gate runs in the non-fish-passing period or the overhaul period, is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the upstream and downstream of the fish-passing gate chamber, and is used for the overhaul period, and simultaneously closing the upstream and downstream overhaul gates, and closing the upstream overhaul gate for retaining water in the non-fish-passing period.
6. A down-the-hole fish gate as defined in claim 5, wherein: the vent hole is used for closing the overhaul gate to finish air intake when the fish gate is overhauled or enters a non-fish passing period; when the fish gate starts to pass fish, the overhaul gate is opened to finish the exhaust.
7. A down-the-hole fish gate as defined in claim 6, wherein: when the manhole, the drainage equipment and the pipeline are all engineering inspection and overhaul, after the upstream and downstream overhaul gates are closed, the manhole inspection and overhaul operation is performed after the fish gate is emptied, the overhaul gate is closed, the fish gate is emptied by the drainage equipment and the pipeline, and the manhole is opened to complete inspection and overhaul.
8. A down-the-hole fish gate as defined in claim 7, wherein: the gate is replaced by a valve, the overhaul gate is the overhaul valve, and the working gate is the working valve.
9. A down-the-hole fish gate as defined in claim 1, wherein: the fish gate water draining system controls the water draining flow of the fish gate, forms continuous, stable and low-speed water flow in the fish gate, and provides two options of gate hole arrangement and communicating pipe arrangement; regarding the gate hole arrangement scheme, specifically: the working gate plate is uniformly provided with small holes, the working gate can keep water and drain water automatically through the small holes, the size and the number of the small holes can control the water drainage flow, and the working gate is designed according to the needs.
10. A down-the-hole fish gate as defined in claim 8, wherein: regarding the communicating tube scheme, specifically: and communicating pipes are arranged between the upstream and the downstream of each working gate and are divided into a communicating pipe inlet and a communicating pipe outlet, the communicating pipes are provided with communicating pipe upper gate valves, and the communicating pipe inlet and the communicating pipe outlet are respectively provided with a communicating pipe inlet grid and a communicating pipe outlet grid. When the gate stops water, the communicating pipe is used for draining water, and the water draining flow of the fish gate is always controlled by the communicating pipe at the closed working gate in the operation process of fish passing, so that continuous and stable low-speed water flow is formed in the fish gate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310190241.6A CN116024944A (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | Down-the-hole fish gate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310190241.6A CN116024944A (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | Down-the-hole fish gate |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116024944A true CN116024944A (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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| CN202310190241.6A Pending CN116024944A (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | Down-the-hole fish gate |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117888514A (en) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-04-16 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Fish lure device controlled by double gates |
-
2023
- 2023-03-02 CN CN202310190241.6A patent/CN116024944A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117888514A (en) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-04-16 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Fish lure device controlled by double gates |
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