CN116024437A - Method for purifying recovered aluminum melt - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for purifying recycled aluminum melt, which comprises the following steps: a) Slag is removed after the recycled aluminum is melted, and then alloy elements are added to obtain a recycled aluminum melt with target components; b) Sequentially carrying out primary purification, secondary purification and tertiary purification on the melt obtained in the step A) in a furnace; c) Sequentially carrying out primary purification, secondary purification and tertiary purification on the melt obtained in the step B) outside the furnace; d) Casting the melt obtained in the step C). The method for purifying the recovered aluminum melt ensures that the online hydrogen content of the recovered aluminum melt is less than or equal to 0.060ml/100g Al after the recovered aluminum is purified,the slag content is less than or equal to 0.020mm 2 The purity of the recovered aluminum melt is greatly improved, and the recovered aluminum is better ensured to produce high-quality cast ingots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of recycled aluminum, in particular to a method for purifying recycled aluminum melt.
Background
The recycled aluminum has great economic value and development prospect due to the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection. The smelting technology of the recycled aluminum is relatively immature, the impurity element and impurity content in the smelting process is high, the purity of the melt is difficult to ensure, and the problems of low efficiency, high energy consumption, low added value of products and the like are outstanding.
In the existing aluminum melt recycling furnace, various fluxes (such as covering agents, refining agents, slag forming agents and the like) with different purposes are often required to be put into the furnace, or inert gases (nitrogen, argon and the like) and refining flux mixed refining agents are adopted to carry out blowing purification treatment in the furnace, so that the purification treatment process in the furnace is complicated, the degassing and deslagging effects are limited, and the slag inclusion of the melt and the burning loss of aluminum liquid can be serious due to the use of different fluxes; on-line degassing and filtering deslagging purification treatment devices with a single rotor are adopted outside the furnace, so that purity of recovered aluminum melt is still difficult to ensure, and qualified products are produced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a method for purifying the recovered aluminum melt, and the treatment method provided by the application can effectively improve the purity of the recovered melt, thereby ensuring the quality of the product.
In view of this, the present application provides a method for purifying a recycled aluminum melt, comprising the steps of:
a) Slag is removed after the recycled aluminum is melted, and then alloy elements are added to obtain a recycled aluminum melt with target components;
b) Sequentially carrying out primary purification, secondary purification and tertiary purification on the melt obtained in the step A) in a furnace; the primary purification is smelting furnace refining purification, the secondary purification is furnace bottom air brick refining purification, and the tertiary purification is holding furnace refining purification and furnace bottom air brick refining purification;
c) Sequentially carrying out primary purification, secondary purification and tertiary purification on the melt obtained in the step B) outside the furnace; the primary purification is rotary nozzle fine bubble flotation purification, the secondary purification is vacuum negative pressure rotary nozzle rotor purification, and the tertiary purification is bipolar ceramic filtration purification;
d) Casting the melt obtained in the step C).
Preferably, in the step A), the temperature of the molten aluminum reaches more than 700 ℃, and the temperature is raised to 730-750 ℃ after slag skimming.
Preferably, in the step B), the refining purification of the smelting furnace specifically includes:
argon is used as a carrier in a smelting furnace, the pressure is 0.05-0.15 MPa, 1.0-2.0 kg/ton of granular refining agent of aluminum is sprayed into melt for refining and purification, and after finishing, standing is carried out, and slag is removed; the refining and purifying time is 30-60 min.
Preferably, the granular refining agent comprises: mgCl 2 41～43wt％，KCl52～54wt％，KAlF 4 3～5wt％，CaF 2 0.5～1.5wt％。
Preferably, in the step B), the refining and purifying of the air brick at the bottom of the furnace is specifically:
in the process of pouring from the smelting furnace to the heat preservation furnace, starting a pouring port air brick blowing refining system to perform second-stage purification treatment; the pressure of the air brick is 350-900 KPa, the air blowing carrier is argon, and the flow of the argon is 50-100L/min.
Preferably, in step B), the three-stage purification is specifically:
starting a third-stage purification treatment in a heat preservation furnace, refining and purifying by using argon, wherein the pressure of the argon is 0.05-0.15 MPa, and standing and slagging off after refining is finished; in the casting process, a gas-blowing refining system of a gas-permeable brick at the bottom of a flow port is started, the pressure of the gas-permeable brick is 300-1000 KPa, a gas-blowing carrier is argon, and the flow rate of the argon is 50-100L/min.
Preferably, in step C), the primary purification is specifically:
dispersing argon into the melt through a rotating nozzle rotor positioned at the bottom of the reactor;
the rotating speed of the rotor is 300-800 r/min, and the argon pressure is 5.0-6.0 bar.
Preferably, in step C), the secondary purification is specifically:
argon is filled into the reaction chamber and is in a negative pressure state, two graphite gas rotary nozzle rotors are arranged at the bottom of the reaction chamber, and the rotors are in direct contact with the melt;
the argon flow is 70-80L/min, the argon pressure is 7.0-8.0 bar, and the rotor rotating speed is 600-800 r/min.
Preferably, in step C), the three-stage purification is specifically:
and filtering the melt obtained by the secondary purification through a bipolar ceramic filter plate, wherein the porosity of the bipolar ceramic filter plate is 30-60 ppi.
Preferably, the melt obtained in step C) has an on-line hydrogen content of not more than 0.060ml/100gAl and a slag content of not more than 0.020mm 2 /kg。
The application provides a method for purifying a recovered melt, which comprises the steps of firstly melting recovered aluminum, then adding alloy elements to obtain a recovered aluminum melt of a target component, then sequentially carrying out three-stage melt refining purification treatment in a furnace on the recovered aluminum melt to effectively avoid flux slag inclusion and reduce metal burning loss, and then sequentially carrying out three-stage degassing, deslagging and purification treatment outside the furnace; after the purification treatment, the online hydrogen content of the recovered aluminum melt is less than or equal to 0.060ml/100g Al, and the slag content is less than or equal to 0.020mm 2 The purity of the recovered aluminum melt is greatly improved, and the recovered aluminum is better ensured to produce high-quality cast ingots.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a macroscopic low-power structure diagram of an ingot cast by the melt purification treatment method provided by the invention in example 1 (left diagram) and example 2 (right diagram).
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention, and are not limiting of the claims of the invention.
In view of the problem that purity of recovered aluminum melt is not high and product quality is affected in the prior art, the application provides a method for purifying recovered aluminum melt, which can more effectively improve purity of recovered aluminum melt by combining three-stage purification treatment in a furnace and three-stage purification treatment outside the furnace, so that quality of aluminum alloy cast ingots is ensured. Specifically, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for purifying recycled aluminum melt, which comprises the following steps:
a) Slag is removed after the recycled aluminum is melted, and then alloy elements are added to obtain a recycled aluminum melt with target components;
b) Sequentially carrying out primary purification, secondary purification and tertiary purification on the melt obtained in the step A) in a furnace; the primary purification is smelting furnace refining purification, the secondary purification is furnace bottom air brick refining purification, and the tertiary purification is holding furnace refining purification and furnace bottom air brick refining purification;
c) Sequentially carrying out primary purification, secondary purification and tertiary purification on the melt obtained in the step B) outside the furnace; the primary purification is rotary nozzle fine bubble flotation purification, the secondary purification is vacuum negative pressure rotary nozzle rotor purification, and the tertiary purification is bipolar ceramic filtration purification;
d) Casting the melt obtained in the step C).
In the method for purifying the recovered aluminum melt, the recovered aluminum smelting is performed first, specifically: putting the recovered aluminum into a smelting furnace, heating and melting until the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches more than 700 ℃, fully stirring and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid, then continuously heating to 730-750 ℃, adding alloy element materials to adjust components, and uniformly stirring to obtain recovered aluminum melt with target components; the heating and melting process also comprises the step of starting the electromagnetic stirring at the furnace bottom when the solid surface is not seen in the melting process of the furnace burden, so that the temperature and the component diffusion of the melt are more uniform.
In the furnace melt after smeltingAfter the components are qualified, when the temperature reaches 730-750 ℃, the three-stage purification treatment in the furnace is started; wherein, the first-stage purification is refining purification of a smelting furnace, and specifically comprises the following steps: argon is used as a carrier in a smelting furnace, the pressure is 0.05-0.15 MPa, 1.0-2.0 kg/ton of granular refining agent of aluminum is sprayed into melt for refining and purification, and after finishing, standing is carried out, and slag is removed; the refining and purifying time is 30-60 min. In the process, the pressure is specifically 0.08-0.11 MPa, the granular refining agent is 1.3-1.7 kg/ton of aluminum, and the refining and purifying time is 30-40 min; in this application, the particulate refining agent includes: mgCl 2 41～43wt％，KCl52～54wt％，KAlF 4 3～5wt％，CaF 2 0.5 to 1.5 weight percent, which can play the roles of covering, degassing and deslagging.
Then purifying in the secondary furnace, specifically: in the process of pouring from the smelting furnace to the heat preservation furnace, starting a pouring port air brick blowing refining system to perform second-stage purification treatment; the pressure of the air brick is 350-900 KPa, the air blowing carrier is argon, and the flow of the argon is 50-100L/min; more specifically, the argon flow is 50-80L/min; in the furnace pouring process, the electromagnetic stirring at the bottom of the heat preservation furnace is started at the same time, so that the components and the temperature are more uniform. The air brick blowing refining system can prevent oxidation and air suction of the aluminum melt in the blowing process, reduces burning loss of aluminum, and blowing argon gas increases mass transfer and heat transfer of the aluminum melt, improves melting efficiency, and can adsorb impurities suspended in the aluminum melt in the upward floating process of the argon gas.
And finally, starting third-stage purification treatment in a heat preservation furnace, wherein the third-stage purification treatment comprises the following steps of: refining and purifying by using argon, wherein the argon pressure is 0.05-0.15 MPa, and standing and slagging off are performed after refining; in the casting process, starting a gas-blowing refining system of a gas-permeable brick at the bottom of a flow port, wherein the pressure of the gas-permeable brick is 300-1000 KPa, a gas-blowing carrier is argon, and the flow rate of the argon is 50-100L/min; in the process, the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.996%, the pressure of the argon is 0.08-0.11 MPa, the standing time is 20-30 min, the pressure of the air brick is 350-900 KPa, the flow rate of the argon is 350-900 KPa, and the flow rate of the argon is 50-80L/min.
After the melt is subjected to three-stage purification treatment in the furnace, rotary nozzle fine bubble flotation purification, vacuum negative pressure rotary nozzle rotor degassing purification and bipolar ceramic filtration deslagging purification are sequentially carried out in a casting launder; the rotary nozzle fine bubble flotation purification specifically comprises the steps of dispersing argon into a melt through a rotary nozzle rotor positioned at the bottom of a reactor; in the process, the rotating nozzle rotor at the bottom of the reaction chamber disperses argon into the melt in the form of tiny bubbles, hydrogen in the bubbles is adsorbed when the bubbles rise through the melt, slag inclusion is captured by the bubbles, and finally the bubbles float to the surface to remove gas and slag. The rotating speed of the rotor is 300-800 r/min, the argon pressure is 5.0-6.0 bar, specifically, the rotating speed of the rotor is 350-640 r/min, and the argon pressure is 5.2-5.8 bar.
And then carrying out secondary purification, which specifically comprises the following steps: argon is filled into the reaction chamber and is in a negative pressure state, two graphite gas rotary nozzle rotors are arranged at the bottom of the reaction chamber, and the rotors are in direct contact with the melt; the vortex can be avoided, the gas is argon, the rotor breaks up the argon into tiny bubbles, and meanwhile, the bubbles are uniformly dispersed into the whole melt along with stirring of the rotor on the melt, so that the contact area between the gas and the liquid is increased, and finally, the purifying effects of degassing and impurity removal are achieved. The argon flow is 70-80L/min, the argon pressure is 7.0-8.0 bar, the rotor rotating speed is 600-800 r/min, specifically, the argon flow is 70-75L/min, the argon pressure is 7.0-7.5 bar, and the rotor rotating speed is 650-700 r/min.
This application then carries out tertiary purification, after the preceding two-stage purification treatment, jumbo size inclusion has been effectively got rid of, and the fuse-element passes through bipolar ceramic filter from bottom to top at last, directly blocks the slag inclusion of vast majority to the top layer through the physics interception mode, has played slagging-off purifying effect. In this application, the bipolar ceramic filter plate has a porosity of 30 to 60ppi.
The purity of the recovered aluminum melt after the on-line three-stage purification treatment outside the furnace is higher, the on-line hydrogen content test is less than or equal to 0.060ml/100g Al, and the slag content is less than or equal to 0.020mm 2 And (3) carrying out casting to obtain high-quality cast ingots.
For further understanding of the present invention, the method of purifying a recovered aluminum melt according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
Smelting recycled aluminum:
and (3) putting the recovered aluminum into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, starting electromagnetic stirring at the bottom of the furnace when the solid surface cannot be seen by the melting of the furnace burden, fully stirring and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches more than 700 ℃, then continuously heating to 730-750 ℃, adding alloy element materials to adjust components, and uniformly stirring to obtain the recovered aluminum melt with target components.
Purifying treatment in a furnace:
when the temperature of the melt reaches 730-740 ℃, taking argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.996% as a carrier, uniformly spraying a granular refining agent with the dosage of 1.5 kg/ton of aluminum into the melt in a smelting furnace to perform primary refining purification treatment, setting the argon pressure to be 0.10MPa, refining for 30min, scraping off scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid to form a mirror surface, standing for 30min after refining is finished, and pouring into a heat preservation furnace; in the process of pouring the aluminum melt from the smelting furnace to the heat preservation furnace, starting an air brick blowing refining system of a pouring port of the furnace to perform second-stage purification treatment, wherein the pressure of the air brick is set to 350KPa, a blowing carrier is argon, the flow rate of the argon is 70L/min, simultaneously starting electromagnetic stirring at the bottom of the heat preservation furnace, and finishing the second-stage purification treatment after pouring; and then starting a third-stage purification treatment in a heat preservation furnace, refining and purifying by using argon, wherein the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.996%, the pressure of the argon is set to 0.10MPa, after refining, the surface scum is scraped to be a mirror surface and kept stand for 30min, and in the subsequent casting starting process, starting a heat preservation furnace flow port air brick blowing refining system, wherein the pressure of the air brick is set to 350KPa, the blowing carrier is argon, and the flow of the argon is 70L/min, so that the third-stage purification treatment is completed.
After the three-stage purification treatment in the furnace is completed, the melt is subjected to online hydrogen measurement and offline slag measurement, the hydrogen content is 0.208ml/100g Al, and the slag content is 0.057mm 2 /kg。
On-line purification treatment outside the furnace:
the melt is guided into a casting launder by a heat preservation furnace and sequentially passes through a primary degassing box, a secondary degassing box and a filter box; the rotating speed of the first-stage degassing tank rotor is set to be 350r/min, the argon flow is 55L/min, and the argon pressure is 5.5barg; the rotor speed of the secondary degassing tank is 700r/min, the argon flow is 70L/min, and the argon pressure is 7.0barg; the filter box adopts a bipolar filter plate, the porosity is 30ppi+50ppi, and the online purification treatment outside the furnace is finished.
After the on-line purification treatment outside the furnace is completed, the melt is subjected to on-line hydrogen measurement and off-line slag measurement, the hydrogen content is 0.056ml/100g Al, and the slag content is 0.015mm 2 /kg。
Casting:
the casting mode is direct water-cooling semi-continuous casting, and casting is carried out according to set casting parameters to obtain the deformed aluminum alloy cast ingot.
The cast ingot has no slag inclusion, cracks and looseness which are less than or equal to 1 level and the grain size which is less than or equal to 1 level (shown as the left graph in figure 1) after the inspection of the macrostructure.
Example 2
Smelting recycled aluminum: the same as in example 1;
purifying treatment in a furnace:
the difference from example 1 is that the first stage refining purification treatment, the consumption of the refining agent is 1.0 kg/ton of aluminum, the refining time is 20min, the refining times are 2 times, and after each refining is finished, the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid is scraped and kept stand for 20min; the difference from example 1 is that the second stage refining purification treatment, the air brick pressure was set to 500KPa, and the argon flow was 60L/min; the difference from example 1 is that the third stage refining purification treatment uses argon refining purification, the argon pressure is set to 0.11MPa, the refining times are 2 times, the refining time is 20min, and after each refining is finished, the surface scum is scraped off and left stand for 20min;
after the three-stage purification treatment in the furnace is completed, the melt is subjected to online hydrogen measurement and offline slag measurement, the hydrogen content is 0.215ml/100g Al, and the slag content is 0.051mm 2 /kg；
On-line purification treatment outside the furnace:
the difference from example 1 is that the first stage deaeration tank rotor speed was set at 500r/min, the argon flow was 60L/min, and the argon pressure was 6.0barg; the difference from example 1 is that the secondary degassing tank rotor speed is 750r/min, the argon flow is 75L/min, the argon pressure is 7.5barg, and the filtration tank uses a filter plate with a porosity of 40ppi+60 ppi;
after the on-line purification treatment outside the furnace is completed, the melt is subjected to on-line hydrogen measurement and off-line slag measurement, the hydrogen content is 0.060ml/100g Al, and the slag content is 0.012mm 2 /kg；
Casting:
the casting mode is direct water-cooling semi-continuous casting, and casting is carried out according to set casting parameters to obtain a deformed aluminum alloy cast ingot;
the cast ingot has no slag inclusion, cracks and looseness which are less than or equal to 1 level and the grain size which is less than or equal to 1 level (as shown in the right diagram of figure 1) after the inspection of the macrostructure.
The above description of the embodiments is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for purifying recycled aluminum melt, comprising the steps of:
a) Slag is removed after the recycled aluminum is melted, and then alloy elements are added to obtain a recycled aluminum melt with target components;
b) Sequentially carrying out primary purification, secondary purification and tertiary purification on the melt obtained in the step A) in a furnace; the primary purification is smelting furnace refining purification, the secondary purification is furnace bottom air brick refining purification, and the tertiary purification is holding furnace refining purification and furnace bottom air brick refining purification;
c) Sequentially carrying out primary purification, secondary purification and tertiary purification on the melt obtained in the step B) outside the furnace; the primary purification is rotary nozzle fine bubble flotation purification, the secondary purification is vacuum negative pressure rotary nozzle rotor purification, and the tertiary purification is bipolar ceramic filtration purification;
d) Casting the melt obtained in the step C).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step a), the molten aluminum is melted to a temperature of 700 ℃ or higher, and the temperature is raised to 730-750 ℃ after the slag skimming.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step B) the smelting furnace refining purification is in particular:
argon is used as a carrier in a smelting furnace, the pressure is 0.05-0.15 MPa, 1.0-2.0 kg/ton of granular refining agent of aluminum is sprayed into melt for refining and purification, and after finishing, standing is carried out, and slag is removed; the refining and purifying time is 30-60 min.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the particulate refining agent comprises: mgCl 2 41～43wt％，KCl52～54wt％，KAlF 4 3～5wt％，CaF 2 0.5～1.5wt％。
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step B), the refining and purifying of the air brick at the bottom of the furnace is specifically:
in the process of pouring from the smelting furnace to the heat preservation furnace, starting a pouring port air brick blowing refining system to perform second-stage purification treatment; the pressure of the air brick is 350-900 KPa, the air blowing carrier is argon, and the flow of the argon is 50-100L/min.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step B) the three-stage purification is in particular:
starting a third-stage purification treatment in a heat preservation furnace, refining and purifying by using argon, wherein the pressure of the argon is 0.05-0.15 MPa, and standing and slagging off after refining is finished; in the casting process, a gas-blowing refining system of a gas-permeable brick at the bottom of a flow port is started, the pressure of the gas-permeable brick is 300-1000 KPa, a gas-blowing carrier is argon, and the flow rate of the argon is 50-100L/min.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step C), the primary purification is in particular:
dispersing argon into the melt through a rotating nozzle rotor positioned at the bottom of the reactor;
the rotating speed of the rotor is 300-800 r/min, and the argon pressure is 5.0-6.0 bar.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step C), the secondary purification is in particular:
argon is filled into the reaction chamber and is in a negative pressure state, two graphite gas rotary nozzle rotors are arranged at the bottom of the reaction chamber, and the rotors are in direct contact with the melt;
the argon flow is 70-80L/min, the argon pressure is 7.0-8.0 bar, and the rotor rotating speed is 600-800 r/min.
9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step C), the three-stage purification is in particular:
and filtering the melt obtained by the secondary purification through a bipolar ceramic filter plate, wherein the porosity of the bipolar ceramic filter plate is 30-60 ppi.
10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the melt obtained in step C) has an on-line hydrogen content of 0.060ml/100gAl and a slag content of 0.020mm or less 2 /kg。
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