CN116024417A - A kind of manufacturing method of outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe and outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe - Google Patents
A kind of manufacturing method of outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe and outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及到钢铁领域，特别涉及到一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法以及基于该方法制造的外壁耐磨无缝钢管。The invention relates to the field of steel, and in particular to a method for manufacturing an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe and an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe manufactured based on the method.
背景技术Background Art
耐磨无缝钢管广泛应用于电力、冶金、矿山、化工等行业，主要用于输送砂、石、煤粉、灰渣等磨削性颗粒物料。一方面，输送的磨削性物料要求耐磨管的内壁硬度较高、耐磨性优良，另一方面，为防止服役过程中出现低应力脆性开裂，通常还要求耐磨管材具备一定的塑性和韧性。为协调解决高硬度和一定塑韧性的矛盾，目前工业上主要采用钢管内壁淬火、韧性外管+耐磨内管嵌套等方式生产耐磨管。Wear-resistant seamless steel pipes are widely used in power, metallurgy, mining, chemical and other industries, mainly for conveying abrasive granular materials such as sand, stone, coal powder, ash and slag. On the one hand, the conveyed abrasive materials require the inner wall of the wear-resistant pipe to have high hardness and excellent wear resistance. On the other hand, in order to prevent low-stress brittle cracking during service, the wear-resistant pipe is usually required to have certain plasticity and toughness. In order to coordinate and solve the contradiction between high hardness and certain plasticity and toughness, the industry currently mainly adopts the methods of quenching the inner wall of steel pipes, and nesting tough outer pipes + wear-resistant inner pipes to produce wear-resistant pipes.
除上述用途之外，当耐磨管用于如锅炉通水管道等特殊场景时，其内壁输送水、油或气体介质，外壁与硬质颗粒或固体相接触，要求外壁具有良好的耐磨性能。为提高钢管外壁的耐磨性能，常用方法包括外表堆焊一层耐磨层、镀铬等，此类方法成本较高、生产效率较低且并不环保。In addition to the above uses, when the wear-resistant pipe is used in special scenarios such as boiler water pipes, its inner wall conveys water, oil or gas medium, and the outer wall is in contact with hard particles or solids, which requires the outer wall to have good wear resistance. In order to improve the wear resistance of the outer wall of the steel pipe, common methods include surfacing a wear-resistant layer on the surface, chrome plating, etc., which are costly, have low production efficiency and are not environmentally friendly.
关于外壁耐磨无缝钢管的已公开专利主要有如下几项：The main published patents about outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipes are as follows:
公开号为CN212226263U，公开日为2020年12月25日，名称为“一种高性能抗压耐磨复合钢管”的中国实用新型专利提供了一种高性能抗压耐磨复合钢管。其特征是，包括耐压内管、耐磨外管，且所述耐压内管、耐磨外管之间设有夹层，所述夹层内填充有橡胶缓冲层，在夹层端部布置有支撑结构，所述耐磨外管的外表面涂覆有耐磨涂层。The Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN212226263U and publication date December 25, 2020, entitled "A high-performance pressure-resistant and wear-resistant composite steel pipe" provides a high-performance pressure-resistant and wear-resistant composite steel pipe. It is characterized in that it includes a pressure-resistant inner pipe and a wear-resistant outer pipe, and a sandwich is provided between the pressure-resistant inner pipe and the wear-resistant outer pipe, the sandwich is filled with a rubber buffer layer, a support structure is arranged at the end of the sandwich, and the outer surface of the wear-resistant outer pipe is coated with a wear-resistant coating.
公开号为CN210440696U，公开日为2020年5月1日，名称为“一种耐磨无缝钢管”的中国实用新型专利提供了一种耐磨无缝钢管。其特征是，包括外基管和内衬管，所述内衬管设于所述外基管内，其特征在于：所述外基管与所述内衬管之间设有加强管，所述加强管包括外加固管、内加固管和加固环片，所述加固环片均匀套设在所述内加固管上，所述加固环片连接所述外加固管的内壁，所述内衬管设于所述内加固管内，所述外基管的外侧设有耐磨层。The Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN210440696U and publication date May 1, 2020, and titled "A Wear-Resistant Seamless Steel Pipe" provides a wear-resistant seamless steel pipe. It is characterized in that it includes an outer base pipe and an inner liner pipe, the inner liner pipe is arranged inside the outer base pipe, and is characterized in that: a reinforcement pipe is arranged between the outer base pipe and the inner liner pipe, the reinforcement pipe includes an outer reinforcement pipe, an inner reinforcement pipe and a reinforcement ring sheet, the reinforcement ring sheet is evenly sleeved on the inner reinforcement pipe, the reinforcement ring sheet is connected to the inner wall of the outer reinforcement pipe, the inner liner pipe is arranged inside the inner reinforcement pipe, and the outer side of the outer base pipe is provided with a wear-resistant layer.
上述专利公布的耐磨无缝钢管均采用内外管复合结构，结构形式复杂，生产成本高。The wear-resistant seamless steel pipes disclosed in the above patents all adopt a composite structure of inner and outer pipes, which has a complex structure and high production cost.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术存在的不足，提供一种新的外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法及基于该方法制造的外壁耐磨无缝钢管。本发明的方法通过工艺调整获得了具备外硬内韧特征的外壁耐磨无缝钢管。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a new method for manufacturing a wear-resistant seamless steel pipe with an outer wall and a wear-resistant seamless steel pipe with an outer wall manufactured based on the method. The method of the present invention obtains a wear-resistant seamless steel pipe with an outer wall having the characteristics of being hard on the outside and tough on the inside through process adjustment.
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法，其通过控制在线淬火工艺，实现对钢管壁厚方向相变的控制，从而保证钢管外壁向内一定厚度内均生成低温转变组织马氏体，除淬透马氏体层之外的部分均为中温转变贝氏体组织甚至高温转变铁素体+珠光体组织，得到一种具备外硬内韧特征的外壁耐磨无缝钢管。One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe, which controls the phase change in the wall thickness direction of the steel pipe by controlling the online quenching process, thereby ensuring that low-temperature transformation structure martensite is generated within a certain thickness inside the outer wall of the steel pipe, and the part other than the hardened martensite layer is medium-temperature transformation bainite structure or even high-temperature transformation ferrite + pearlite structure, thereby obtaining an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe with the characteristics of hard outside and tough inside.
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明具体提供了一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法，该方法包括有炼钢、管坯制造、环形炉加热、穿孔、连轧、张减或定径和淬火，所述淬火为在线淬火步骤，其包括有：In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention specifically provides a method for manufacturing an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe, which includes steelmaking, tube blank manufacturing, annular furnace heating, perforation, continuous rolling, stretching or sizing and quenching, wherein the quenching is an online quenching step, which includes:
第一步，钢管在终轧后，调节在线淬火设备上每组水环的水压和流量大小以实现集中冷却，使钢管距离外壁1.5mm以内生成95％以上的马氏体组织；In the first step, after the steel pipe is finally rolled, the water pressure and flow rate of each group of water rings on the online quenching equipment are adjusted to achieve centralized cooling, so that more than 95% of the martensite structure is generated within 1.5 mm from the outer wall of the steel pipe;
第二步，调节在线淬火冷却区内钢管输送的辊道速度，调节钢管壁厚方向淬火冷却温度梯度，间接控制淬硬层的深度，调控钢管壁厚方向马氏体与非马氏体组织的比例。The second step is to adjust the roller speed of the steel pipe conveying in the online quenching and cooling zone, adjust the quenching and cooling temperature gradient in the direction of the steel pipe wall thickness, indirectly control the depth of the hardened layer, and regulate the ratio of martensite and non-martensite structure in the direction of the steel pipe wall thickness.
在所述第一步中，控制在线淬火设备，使得在线淬火的开冷温度≥钢种的Ar3温度+40℃。In the first step, the online quenching equipment is controlled so that the start-cooling temperature of the online quenching is ≥ the Ar3 temperature of the steel grade + 40°C.
在所述第一步中，控制在线淬火水环总开启数保持恒定，对不同规格/材质，水环均全部打开。In the first step, the total number of online quenching water rings opened is controlled to remain constant, and all water rings of different specifications/materials are opened.
在所述第一步中，控制在线淬火每个水环的水压、流量均恒定，单个水环内水压≥0.45MPa，单个水环流量≥125m3/h。In the first step, the water pressure and flow rate of each water ring in the online quenching are controlled to be constant, the water pressure in a single water ring is ≥0.45 MPa, and the flow rate of a single water ring is ≥125 m 3 /h.
在所述第二步中，控制在线淬火冷却区内钢管输送的辊道速度V(m/s)与钢管壁厚T(mm)满足下列对应关系：In the second step, the roller speed V (m/s) of the steel pipe conveying in the online quenching and cooling zone and the steel pipe wall thickness T (mm) are controlled to satisfy the following corresponding relationship:
若8≤T＜12V＝1.8±0.5；If 8≤T＜12V＝1.8±0.5;
若12≤T＜16V＝1.6±0.5；If 12≤T＜16V＝1.6±0.5;
若16≤T＜20V＝1.4±0.5；If 16≤T＜20V＝1.4±0.5;
若20≤T＜25V＝1.3±0.5；If 20≤T＜25V＝1.3±0.5;
若25≤T＜30V＝1.2±0.5；If 25≤T＜30V＝1.2±0.5;
若30≤T≤40V＝1.0±0.5。If 30≤T≤40V＝1.0±0.5.
在所述第二步中，控制钢管外壁出冷却区温度≤Ms温度-120℃。In the second step, the temperature of the outer wall of the steel pipe out of the cooling zone is controlled to be ≤Ms temperature-120°C.
在本发明一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法中，所述管坯制造采用冶炼的钢水直接浇铸的方法，或采用浇铸后锻造或轧制的方法。In the manufacturing method of the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe of the present invention, the pipe blank is manufactured by directly casting smelted molten steel, or by forging or rolling after casting.
在本发明一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法中，管坯在环形炉加热时，加热温度处于1200～1300℃温度区间，保温时间1～4h。In a method for manufacturing a seamless steel pipe with outer wall wear resistance of the present invention, when the tube blank is heated in a ring furnace, the heating temperature is in the temperature range of 1200 to 1300° C., and the insulation time is 1 to 4 hours.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于上述制造方法的外壁耐磨无缝钢管。该外壁耐磨无缝钢管中，其合金成分体系为C-Si-Mn-Cr，其中0.5％≤C≤0.7％，0.2％≤Si≤0.3％，0.5％≤Mn≤0.85％，0.3％≤Cr≤0.9％。同时，为满足钢管淬透性要求，钢中C、Mn、Cr元素含量满足如下要求：Cep＝C+Mn/6+Cr/5≥0.75％；通过上述方法制备得到的一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管，其具备如下特征：①钢管距离外壁(淬火侧)1.5mm以内马氏体比例≥95％；②钢管50％马氏体区(淬硬层深度)介于壁厚1/2～2/3深度之间，也即钢管自外壁向内1/2～2/3的深度淬硬，具备较好的耐磨性能，剩余壁厚未淬硬，保持一定韧性；③钢管内壁试样冲击吸收功Kv8≥32J(试验参数为20℃、纵向、试样尺寸10mm*10mm*55mm)。Another object of the present invention is to provide an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe based on the above manufacturing method. In the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe, its alloy composition system is C-Si-Mn-Cr, wherein 0.5%≤C≤0.7%, 0.2%≤Si≤0.3%, 0.5%≤Mn≤0.85%, and 0.3%≤Cr≤0.9%. At the same time, in order to meet the hardenability requirements of the steel pipe, the contents of C, Mn and Cr elements in the steel meet the following requirements: Cep=C+Mn/6+Cr/5≥0.75%; an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe prepared by the above method has the following characteristics: ① The proportion of martensite within 1.5mm of the outer wall (quenching side) of the steel pipe is ≥95%; ② The 50% martensite zone of the steel pipe (depth of hardened layer) is between 1/2 and 2/3 of the wall thickness, that is, the steel pipe is hardened from 1/2 to 2/3 of the depth from the outer wall to the inside, and has good wear resistance. The remaining wall thickness is not hardened and maintains a certain toughness; ③ The impact absorption energy Kv8 of the inner wall sample of the steel pipe is ≥32J (the test parameters are 20°C, longitudinal, and the sample size is 10mm*10mm*55mm).
基于上述技术方案，本发明专利的方法和基于该方法获得的无缝钢管与现有技术相比具有如下技术优点：Based on the above technical solution, the method of the present invention and the seamless steel pipe obtained based on the method have the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:
本发明的制造方法通过控制在线淬火工艺，实现对钢管壁厚方向相变的控制，从而保证钢管外壁向内一定厚度内均生成低温转变组织马氏体，除淬透马氏体层之外的部分均为中温转变贝氏体组织甚至高温转变铁素体+珠光体组织，得到一种具备外硬内韧特征的外壁耐磨无缝钢管。The manufacturing method of the present invention controls the phase change in the wall thickness direction of the steel pipe by controlling the online quenching process, thereby ensuring that the low-temperature transformation structure martensite is generated within a certain thickness inside the outer wall of the steel pipe, and the part except the hardened martensite layer is all medium-temperature transformation bainite structure or even high-temperature transformation ferrite + pearlite structure, thereby obtaining an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe with the characteristics of hard outside and tough inside.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明实施例典型的外壁淬硬层组织，为马氏体+极少量残余奥氏体。FIG. 1 is a typical structure of the outer wall hardened layer of an embodiment of the present invention, which is martensite + a very small amount of retained austenite.
图2是本发明实施例典型的内壁未淬硬韧性组织，为珠光体+少量铁素体组织。FIG. 2 is a typical unhardened tough structure of the inner wall of an embodiment of the present invention, which is pearlite + a small amount of ferrite structure.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将结合具体的实施例对本发明所述的一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管及其制造方法做进一步的解释和说明，然而该解释和说明并不对本发明的技术方案构成不当限定。The outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe and the manufacturing method thereof described in the present invention will be further explained and illustrated in combination with specific embodiments below. However, such explanation and illustration do not constitute an improper limitation on the technical solution of the present invention.
本发明作为一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法，其包含部分与现有技术一样的无缝钢管制造步骤，即都包括有炼钢、管坯制造、环形炉加热、穿孔、连轧、张减或定径和淬火。作为本发明的特点所在，所述的淬火采用在线淬火的方式进行。为达到上述发明的目的，本发明重点对无缝钢管在线淬火工艺进行研究，研究后发现：①钢管在终轧后，通过调节在线淬火设备每组水环的水压和流量的大小，可产生超高速集中冷却的效果，保证钢管距离外壁1.5mm以内生成95％以上的马氏体组织，这里的距离外壁1.5mm也即距离淬火侧1.5mm。②通过调节在线淬火冷却区内钢管输送的辊道速度，可调节钢管壁厚方向的淬火冷却温度梯度，进而间接控制淬硬层深度，调控钢管壁厚方向马氏体/非马氏体组织比例。由上述研究成果可以知道，通过在线淬火工艺的调整，可以有效调节外壁耐磨无缝钢管组织比例和最终性能。The present invention is a method for manufacturing a seamless steel pipe with an outer wall that includes some of the same seamless steel pipe manufacturing steps as the prior art, that is, they all include steelmaking, tube blank manufacturing, ring furnace heating, perforation, continuous rolling, tension reduction or sizing and quenching. As a feature of the present invention, the quenching is carried out by online quenching. In order to achieve the purpose of the above invention, the present invention focuses on the online quenching process of seamless steel pipes. After the study, it is found that: ① After the final rolling of the steel pipe, by adjusting the water pressure and flow rate of each group of water rings of the online quenching equipment, the effect of ultra-high-speed centralized cooling can be produced, ensuring that more than 95% of the martensitic structure is generated within 1.5 mm from the outer wall of the steel pipe, and the 1.5 mm distance from the outer wall here is 1.5 mm from the quenching side. ② By adjusting the roller speed of the steel pipe conveying in the online quenching cooling zone, the quenching cooling temperature gradient in the wall thickness direction of the steel pipe can be adjusted, thereby indirectly controlling the depth of the hardened layer and regulating the ratio of martensite/non-martensite structure in the wall thickness direction of the steel pipe. From the above research results, it can be known that by adjusting the online quenching process, the organizational proportion and final performance of the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe can be effectively adjusted.
本发明的方法主要是基于上述认识而完成的。为了实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法，其步骤包括：炼钢、制造管坯、环形炉加热、穿孔、连轧、张减或定径、在线淬火。所述在线淬火步骤为：①控制在线淬火开冷温度≥钢种的Ar3温度+40℃；②控制在线淬火水环总开启数保持恒定，对不同规格/材质，所有水环均全部打开，实施例中选择了42个水环；③控制在线淬火每个水环的水压、流量均恒定，水环内水压≥0.45MPa，单个水环流量≥125m3/h；④控制在线淬火冷却区内钢管输送的辊道速度V与钢管壁厚T满足下表1所列对应关系。The method of the present invention is mainly completed based on the above-mentioned understanding. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a method for manufacturing an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe, the steps of which include: steelmaking, manufacturing tube blanks, annular furnace heating, perforation, continuous rolling, stretching or sizing, and online quenching. The online quenching steps are: ① Control the online quenching opening and cooling temperature ≥ Ar3 temperature of the steel type + 40°C; ② Control the total number of online quenching water rings to remain constant. For different specifications/materials, all water rings are fully opened. 42 water rings are selected in the embodiment; ③ Control the water pressure and flow rate of each water ring in the online quenching to be constant, the water pressure in the water ring is ≥ 0.45MPa, and the flow rate of a single water ring is ≥ 125m3 /h; ④ Control the roller speed V of the steel pipe conveying in the online quenching cooling zone and the steel pipe wall thickness T to meet the corresponding relationship listed in Table 1 below.
表1辊道速度V与钢管壁厚T对应关系Table 1 Correspondence between roller speed V and steel pipe wall thickness T
⑤控制钢管外壁出冷却区温度≤Ms温度-120℃；⑥钢管出冷却区后直接得到外壁耐磨无缝钢管成品。⑤ Control the temperature of the outer wall of the steel pipe out of the cooling zone ≤ Ms temperature - 120℃; ⑥ After the steel pipe leaves the cooling zone, the finished product of the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe is directly obtained.
本发明一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法中，制造管坯的步骤可以采用冶炼的钢水直接浇铸的方法，也可以采用浇铸后锻造或轧制的方法。In the manufacturing method of the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe of the present invention, the step of manufacturing the tube blank can adopt the method of direct casting of smelted molten steel, or the method of forging or rolling after casting.
本发明一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法中，管坯在环形炉内的加热温度处于1200～1300℃温度区间，保温时间1～4h。加热温度过高或保温时间过长，均有可能造成晶粒粗大，损害耐磨性能。加热时间过短或保温时间不足则有可能管坯变形性能不良。In a method for manufacturing a seamless steel tube with outer wall wear resistance of the present invention, the heating temperature of the tube blank in the annular furnace is in the temperature range of 1200-1300°C, and the holding time is 1-4 hours. If the heating temperature is too high or the holding time is too long, it is possible to cause coarse grains and damage the wear resistance. If the heating time is too short or the holding time is insufficient, the deformation performance of the tube blank may be poor.
本发明一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法中，在线淬火采用由水环向钢管外壁喷水，而钢管内壁不喷水的方式进行冷却，即单外冷的方式。可以据此得到一种具备外硬内韧特征的外壁耐磨无缝钢管。In the manufacturing method of the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe of the present invention, the online quenching adopts the method of spraying water from the water ring to the outer wall of the steel pipe, while the inner wall of the steel pipe is not sprayed with water for cooling, that is, the method of single external cooling. Thus, a wear-resistant seamless steel pipe with outer wall hardness and inner toughness can be obtained.
本发明一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法中，为了保证钢管外壁的耐磨性，防止冷却过程中钢管外壁出现先共析铁素体等不良组织，在线淬火开冷温度应保持在钢种Ar3温度+40℃以上，钢种的Ar3温度是本领域内的清楚概念，是指过冷奥氏体冷却转变时先共析铁素体转变的开始温度。In a method for manufacturing a seamless steel pipe with a wear-resistant outer wall of the present invention, in order to ensure the wear resistance of the outer wall of the steel pipe and prevent the appearance of undesirable structures such as proeutectoid ferrite on the outer wall of the steel pipe during the cooling process, the online quenching and cooling temperature should be maintained at above the Ar3 temperature of the steel grade + 40°C. The Ar3 temperature of the steel grade is a clear concept in this field, which refers to the starting temperature of the transformation of proeutectoid ferrite during the cooling transformation of supercooled austenite.
本发明一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法中，为了保证钢管外壁的耐磨性，需保证钢管外壁马氏体组织转变充分且细小，超高速集中冷却有利于马氏体相变，降低组织中的残余奥氏体比例，并且有利于马氏体组织细化。根据本发明技术方案，在线淬火时单个水环内水压须≥0.45MPa，单个水环流量须≥125m3/h，以保证超高速集中冷却的效果。In the manufacturing method of the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe of the present invention, in order to ensure the wear resistance of the outer wall of the steel pipe, it is necessary to ensure that the martensitic structure of the outer wall of the steel pipe is fully transformed and fine, and ultra-high-speed centralized cooling is conducive to martensitic phase transformation, reducing the proportion of residual austenite in the structure, and is conducive to the refinement of the martensitic structure. According to the technical solution of the present invention, during online quenching, the water pressure in a single water ring must be ≥0.45MPa, and the flow rate of a single water ring must be ≥125m3 /h to ensure the effect of ultra-high-speed centralized cooling.
本发明一种外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法中，为了保证钢管“外硬内韧”的效果，需控制钢管沿壁厚方向形成一定的冷速梯度，使钢管自内壁向外的一定区域内生成非马氏体组织，给非马氏体组织中包括少量马氏体+贝氏体、贝氏体、贝氏体+铁素体+珠光体、铁素体+珠光体组织等。当钢管在在线淬火冷却区内输送的辊道速度V与钢管壁厚T满足表1所列对应关系时，可使50％马氏体区(也即淬硬层深度)介于钢管1/2～2/3壁厚之间，也即钢管自外壁向内1/2～2/3的深度淬硬，具备较好的耐磨性能，剩余部分未淬硬，保持一定韧性。淬硬深度比例随钢种不同而在1/2～2/3之间波动。In the manufacturing method of a wear-resistant seamless steel pipe with an outer wall of the present invention, in order to ensure the effect of "hard outside and tough inside" of the steel pipe, it is necessary to control the steel pipe to form a certain cooling rate gradient along the wall thickness direction, so that the steel pipe generates a non-martensitic structure in a certain area from the inner wall to the outside, and the non-martensitic structure includes a small amount of martensite + bainite, bainite, bainite + ferrite + pearlite, ferrite + pearlite structure, etc. When the roller speed V of the steel pipe conveyed in the online quenching and cooling zone and the steel pipe wall thickness T meet the corresponding relationship listed in Table 1, the 50% martensitic area (that is, the depth of the hardened layer) can be between 1/2 and 2/3 of the wall thickness of the steel pipe, that is, the steel pipe is hardened from 1/2 to 2/3 of the depth from the outer wall to the inside, and has good wear resistance, and the remaining part is not hardened and maintains a certain toughness. The hardening depth ratio fluctuates between 1/2 and 2/3 depending on the type of steel.
本发明外壁耐磨无缝钢管的制造方法中，为了保证钢管外壁耐磨性，提高外壁淬硬效果，需控制钢管外壁出冷却区温度≤Ms温度-120℃，低的终冷温度有利于提高淬硬层中马氏体组织比例。In the manufacturing method of the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe of the present invention, in order to ensure the wear resistance of the outer wall of the steel pipe and improve the hardening effect of the outer wall, it is necessary to control the temperature of the outer wall of the steel pipe out of the cooling zone ≤ Ms temperature -120°C. The low final cooling temperature is beneficial to increasing the proportion of martensite structure in the hardened layer.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于上述制造方法的外壁耐磨无缝钢管，该外壁耐磨无缝钢管的合金成分体系为C-Si-Mn-Cr，其中：Another object of the present invention is to provide an outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe based on the above-mentioned manufacturing method, wherein the alloy component system of the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe is C-Si-Mn-Cr, wherein:
0.5％≤C≤0.7％，0.5%≤C≤0.7%,
0.2％≤Si≤0.3％，0.2%≤Si≤0.3%,
0.5％≤Mn≤0.85％，0.5%≤Mn≤0.85%,
0.3％≤Cr≤0.9％。0.3%≤Cr≤0.9%.
同时，为满足钢管淬透性要求，钢中C、Mn、Cr元素含量满足要求：Cep＝C+Mn/6+Cr/5≥0.75％；At the same time, in order to meet the hardenability requirements of the steel pipe, the content of C, Mn and Cr elements in the steel meets the requirements: Cep = C + Mn / 6 + Cr / 5 ≥ 0.75%;
采用上述制造工艺制备得到的外壁耐磨无缝钢管，具备如下特征：The outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe prepared by the above manufacturing process has the following characteristics:
①钢管距离外壁(淬火侧)1.5mm以内马氏体比例≥95％；① The proportion of martensite within 1.5mm from the outer wall (quenching side) of the steel pipe is ≥95%;
②钢管50％马氏体区(淬硬层深度)介于壁厚1/2～2/3深度之间，也即钢管自外壁向内1/2～2/3的深度淬硬，具备较好的耐磨性能，剩余壁厚未淬硬，保持一定韧性；② The 50% martensite area (hardened layer depth) of the steel pipe is between 1/2 and 2/3 of the wall thickness, that is, the steel pipe is hardened from 1/2 to 2/3 of the outer wall to the inside, with good wear resistance, and the remaining wall thickness is not hardened, maintaining a certain toughness;
③钢管内壁试样冲击吸收功Kv8≥32J(20℃、纵向、试样尺寸10mm*10mm*55mm)。③The impact absorption energy of the inner wall sample of the steel pipe Kv8≥32J (20℃, longitudinal, sample size 10mm*10mm*55mm).
实施例Example
采用实施例A1-A8和对比例B1-B6，上述实施例和对比例中的外壁耐磨无缝钢管采用以下步骤制得：Using Examples A1-A8 and Comparative Examples B1-B6, the outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipes in the above Examples and Comparative Examples are prepared by the following steps:
(1)冶炼，控制钢种成分如表1所示；(1) Smelting, the steel composition is controlled as shown in Table 1;
(2)制造管坯：可以采用冶炼的钢水直接浇铸的方法，也可以采用浇铸后锻造或轧制的方法；(2) Manufacturing of tube blanks: The tube blanks can be manufactured by direct casting of molten steel or by forging or rolling after casting;
(3)环形炉加热：将圆管坯加热到1200～1300℃，保温时间1-4h；(3) Ring furnace heating: heat the round tube to 1200-1300°C, and keep it at this temperature for 1-4 hours;
(4)穿孔；(4) Perforation;
(5)连轧；(5) Continuous rolling;
(6)张减或定径，成品钢管规格为244.8*24mm；(6) After being stretched or sized, the finished steel pipe specification is 244.8*24mm;
(7)在线淬火：各实施例和对比例的在线淬火开冷温度、每个水环的水压/流量、辊速等具体工艺数据见表2；(7) Online quenching: The specific process data of the online quenching start-up temperature, water pressure/flow rate of each water ring, roller speed, etc. of each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 2;
表2实施例A1-A8和对比例B1-B6的化学元素的质量百分配比(wt％)Table 2 Mass percentage of chemical elements of Examples A1-A8 and Comparative Examples B1-B6 (wt%)
由表2可以看出，对比例B1的Cep数值不符合本发明限定的参数范围。It can be seen from Table 2 that the Cep value of Comparative Example B1 does not conform to the parameter range defined in the present invention.
表3列出了实施例A1-A8以及对比例B1-B6的制造方法的具体参数，包括了加热温度、保温时间、冷却方式、Ar3、开冷温度、水压、水量、辊道速度、Ms温度和外壁出冷却区温度。Table 3 lists the specific parameters of the manufacturing method of Examples A1-A8 and Comparative Examples B1-B6, including heating temperature, holding time, cooling method, Ar3, cooling start temperature, water pressure, water volume, roller speed, Ms temperature and outer wall cooling zone exit temperature.
表3实施例以及对比例具体参数Table 3 Specific parameters of the embodiments and comparative examples
由表3可以进一步看出，对比例B2采用浸入式冷却的方式，不符合本发明对钢管冷却方式的限定，对比例B3的开冷温度低于本发明限定的范围，对比例B4的水压和水量低于本发明限定的范围，对比例B5的辊道移动速度高于本发明限定的范围，对比例B6的钢管外壁出冷却区温度高于本发明限定的范围。It can be further seen from Table 3 that the comparative example B2 adopts an immersion cooling method, which does not comply with the limitation of the present invention on the cooling method of the steel pipe, the start cooling temperature of the comparative example B3 is lower than the range defined in the present invention, the water pressure and water volume of the comparative example B4 are lower than the range defined in the present invention, the roller moving speed of the comparative example B5 is higher than the range defined in the present invention, and the temperature of the outer wall of the steel pipe out of the cooling zone of the comparative example B6 is higher than the range defined in the present invention.
表4是实施例A1-A8和对比例B1-B6的无缝钢管放置在冷床上进行空冷至室温所测得的组织及力学性能参数。Table 4 shows the microstructure and mechanical property parameters of the seamless steel pipes of Examples A1-A8 and Comparative Examples B1-B6 measured when they were placed on a cooling bed and air-cooled to room temperature.
表4Table 4
上表4中，金相组织测试结果采用以下方法测试：将采用不同工艺制得的无缝钢管锯切分段后，在钢管的中间部位截取金相样，制样后进行金相组织分析测试，如图1所示，图1中为典型的外壁淬硬层组织，为马氏体+极少量残余奥氏体。其中：距离外壁(淬火端)1.5mm以内马氏体比例采用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)进行定量表征、50％马氏体区(淬硬层深度)深度以沿直径方向连续点硬度值急剧变化位置近似代替，作为对比，图2为典型的内壁未淬硬韧性组织，为珠光体+少量铁素体组织。In Table 4 above, the metallographic structure test results are tested by the following method: After the seamless steel pipes made by different processes are sawed into segments, metallographic samples are cut from the middle part of the steel pipe, and metallographic structure analysis and testing are performed after sample preparation, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows a typical outer wall hardened layer structure, which is martensite + a very small amount of residual austenite. Among them: the proportion of martensite within 1.5mm from the outer wall (quenching end) is quantitatively characterized by backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD), and the depth of the 50% martensite zone (hardened layer depth) is approximately replaced by the position where the hardness value of continuous points along the diameter direction changes sharply. For comparison, Figure 2 shows a typical inner wall unhardened toughness structure, which is pearlite + a small amount of ferrite.
由表4可知，实施例A1-A8的无缝钢管距离外壁(淬火端)1.5mm处马氏体比例均高于95％，同时50％马氏体区深度占壁厚比例均在1/2～2/3之间，优于对比例B1-B6的钢管截面组织分布，不仅钢管表面具备良好的耐磨性，同时钢管内壁也具备一定的韧性。可用于对钢管外壁有耐磨性能要求的领域，充分利用无缝钢管制造时的余热，生产工艺方便，相对于复合型外壁耐磨无缝钢管成本较低。As shown in Table 4, the martensite ratio of the seamless steel pipes of Examples A1-A8 at 1.5 mm from the outer wall (quenching end) is higher than 95%, and the depth of the 50% martensite zone accounts for a ratio of the wall thickness between 1/2 and 2/3, which is better than the cross-sectional organization distribution of the steel pipes of Comparative Examples B1-B6. Not only does the steel pipe surface have good wear resistance, but the inner wall of the steel pipe also has a certain toughness. It can be used in fields that require wear resistance of the outer wall of the steel pipe, making full use of the waste heat during the manufacture of the seamless steel pipe, and the production process is convenient. Compared with the composite outer wall wear-resistant seamless steel pipe, the cost is lower.
由表4还可知，对比例B1的合金元素Cep值小于0.75％，使得材料的淬透性不足，制得钢管的50％马氏体区深度不够；对比例B2的冷却方式采用浸入式淬火，钢管的外中内壁全部淬成马氏体组织，内壁韧性不足，不符合本发明要求；对比例B3的开冷温度低于本发明限定的范围，导致钢管外壁有较多比例的先共析铁素体等不良组织析出，使得钢管外壁的马氏体组织比例低于95％；对比例B4的淬火水压和流量不足，导致钢管外壁冷速不够，淬火不良，钢管距离外壁(淬火端)1.5mm以内马氏体比例和50％马氏体区深度占壁厚比例均不满足本发明要求；对比例B5的辊道速度过快，导致钢管外壁冷速不够，50％马氏体区深度占壁厚比例不满足本发明要求；对比例B6的钢管外壁终冷温度过高，导致钢管外壁冷却不足，距离外壁(淬火端)1.5mm处马氏体比例不满足本发明要求。It can also be seen from Table 4 that the Cep value of the alloying element in Comparative Example B1 is less than 0.75%, which makes the hardenability of the material insufficient, and the depth of the 50% martensite zone of the steel pipe is insufficient; the cooling method of Comparative Example B2 adopts immersion quenching, and the outer, middle and inner walls of the steel pipe are all quenched into martensite structure, and the toughness of the inner wall is insufficient, which does not meet the requirements of the present invention; the cooling temperature of Comparative Example B3 is lower than the range specified in the present invention, resulting in a large proportion of undesirable structures such as proeutectoid ferrite precipitating on the outer wall of the steel pipe, making the proportion of martensite structure on the outer wall of the steel pipe less than 95%; Comparative Example B The quenching water pressure and flow rate of comparative example B4 are insufficient, resulting in insufficient cooling rate of the outer wall of the steel pipe, poor quenching, and the proportion of martensite within 1.5 mm from the outer wall (quenching end) of the steel pipe and the proportion of 50% martensite zone depth to wall thickness do not meet the requirements of the present invention; the roller speed of comparative example B5 is too fast, resulting in insufficient cooling rate of the outer wall of the steel pipe, and the proportion of 50% martensite zone depth to wall thickness does not meet the requirements of the present invention; the final cooling temperature of the outer wall of the steel pipe of comparative example B6 is too high, resulting in insufficient cooling of the outer wall of the steel pipe, and the proportion of martensite at 1.5 mm from the outer wall (quenching end) does not meet the requirements of the present invention.
需要注意的是，以上列举的仅为本发明的具体实施例，显然本发明不限于以上实施例，随之有许多的类似变化。本领域的技术人员如果从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应属于本发明的保护范围。It should be noted that the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is obviously not limited to the above examples, and there are many similar variations. All variations directly derived or associated from the contents disclosed by the technicians in this field should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105154765A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-16 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Seamless steel tube with high strength and toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106555045A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-04-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of seamless steel pipe press quenching cooling technique and manufacture method of utilization waste heat |
| JP2017206720A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2017-11-24 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Seamless steel pipe manufacturing method |
| CN110643895A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-03 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Martensitic stainless steel oil casing and manufacturing method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105154765A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-16 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Seamless steel tube with high strength and toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106555045A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-04-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of seamless steel pipe press quenching cooling technique and manufacture method of utilization waste heat |
| JP2017206720A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2017-11-24 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Seamless steel pipe manufacturing method |
| CN110643895A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-03 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Martensitic stainless steel oil casing and manufacturing method thereof |
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