CN116020665A

CN116020665A - Fluidized coarse grain flotation device and method capable of adjusting water-gas flow field and turbulence

Info

Publication number: CN116020665A
Application number: CN202310143795.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卫召; 邢耀文; 桂夏辉; 何琦; 刘金成
Original assignee: China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Current assignee: China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority date: 2023-02-21
Filing date: 2023-02-21
Publication date: 2023-04-28

Abstract

The invention relates to a fluidized coarse grain flotation device and method with adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence, the device comprises a flotation column, a water-gas mixer and a plurality of water-gas jet guns which are communicated, wherein the water-gas jet gun is provided with a jet field which extends into the flotation column and is used for vertically jetting microbubbles and water-gas mixed fluid upwards, the included angle between the jet field and the circumference of the flotation column can be adjusted, the flexible adjustment of the water-gas flow field and the turbulence is realized, the optimal exploration of flotation conditions is facilitated, fully mixed microbubbles and water-gas mixed fluid are formed through the water-gas mixer and the water-gas jet gun, the flotation in a stable microbubble and water-fluidized composite interference bed can improve the bubble flotation effect, save cost and reduce consumption, the flotation recovery of different coarse grain target minerals and the preliminary waste polishing application of coarse grain gangue are met in the ore dressing process of 'grinding-flotation', the coarse grain flotation waste rate is above 50%, the sulfide ore concentrate recovery rate is above 90%, and the oxidized ore concentrate recovery rate is above 85%.

Description

Fluidized coarse grain flotation device and method capable of adjusting water-gas flow field and turbulence

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral flotation, and particularly relates to a fluidized coarse grain flotation device and method capable of adjusting a water-gas flow field and turbulence.

Background

Flotation is the most commonly used method for recovering valuable minerals in the field of mineral processing, and has a range of requirements on the particle size of the incoming ore: for nonferrous metal ores, the upper limit is generally 0.1-0.20mm, and grinding is an important link for reducing the granularity of the ores, and the traditional flotation process mainly adopts a return ball mill for further fine grinding for the treatment of coarse-particle ores to realize the monomer dissociation of the target minerals and the reduction of the granularity of the ores, so that the granularity of the ores meets the requirement of conventional froth flotation; however, on one hand, the grinding energy consumption is higher, the grade of valuable minerals in the coarse-grain ore is relatively lower, the grinding operation is carried out on all the valuable minerals, so that the energy waste and the cost are increased, on the other hand, the rising buoyancy of the coarse-grain ore depending on the particle bubble adherends exceeds the gravity of the coarse-grain ore, the regrinding of the coarse-grain ore is not easy to control, the granularity is too fine due to easy overgrinding of the easily-ground minerals, the coarse-grain target minerals cannot overcome the gravity of the easily-ground minerals and sink into tailings, and the flotation effect is deteriorated, so that the improvement of the coarse-grain flotation effect has important practical significance for reducing the grinding operation cost and realizing the preliminary waste polishing of coarse-grain gangue.

In recent years, a series of fluidized coarse particle flotation devices have emerged, characterized in that: on the basis of the original flotation equipment, ascending water flow is introduced, and a fluidized bed layer is formed by means of bubbles and the ascending water flow, so that the self gravity of coarse particles is overcome, and the flotation is realized. The device has important promotion effect on coarse particle flotation recovery, however, the prior coarse particle flotation device and method have the following technical problems in the use process:

(1) The bubble and the rising water flow distributor are used as core components and are fixed components, and the flow field and the turbulence degree in the flotation column are difficult to flexibly adjust: the single mode adjustment can be carried out only by air pressure and water pressure, the adaptability to different kinds of minerals and ores with different properties is not strong, sometimes, the distributor is required to be redesigned, experimental exploration is carried out, and the design of the core fixing component is carried out again, so that the research and development period is longer, and the research and development cost is high.

(2) The distribution mode of bubbles and ascending water flow in the flotation column is simpler and coarser, and is unfavorable for disturbing the uniform distribution of the bed layer: for example, in the coarse particle flotation device and the flotation method disclosed in patent CN113198619B, the spraying direction of the "water-air mixing jet pipe" is distributed clockwise or anticlockwise with the axis of the flotation column as the center, and in the microbubble secondary mineralization flotation device and the flotation method disclosed in patent CN113198622B, the spraying mode of "sidewall micropores" is not capable of flexibly adjusting the flow field, and meanwhile, fluid enters with the radial line of the flotation column as the center, so that the water-air fluid is converged at the center of the flotation column first and then spreads upwards in the flotation column, which can cause uneven distribution of the flow field in the middle and lower parts of the column, the flow field presents "strong center and weak periphery" in the cross section of the column, the flow field of bubbles and ascending water flow in the column is relatively high, and the flow field in the middle and upper parts in the column is unstable, resulting in coarse particles falling off after the adhesion of the bubbles.

(3) The generation of bubbles and ascending water flow in the flotation column is simple and extensive, and the dispersion degree of the bubbles and the size of the bubbles are difficult to achieve the purpose of micro-bubble flotation: for example, in a fluidized coarse-grain flotation device and a flotation method disclosed in patent CN108970813B, a bubble generator is adopted to form bubbles, a liquid inlet below the bubble generator is arranged to form an ascending water flow, in a fluidized flotation device and a method suitable for coarse-grain recovery disclosed in patent CN114713379a, a bubble generation unit and a gas-water mixing distribution unit are adopted respectively, in a coarse-grain flotation device and a method for turbulence and steady flow collaborative fluidization disclosed in patent CN113499861a, bubbles and the ascending water flow are adopted to simply mix outside a flotation column through a mixer, and the separation generation, self-fusion or simple mixing structure makes dispersion and fusion flow of the bubbles in the water flow poor, so that the flotation effect of the water-gas fluid on coarse grains is difficult to meet the mineral flotation recovery of coarse-grain purposes with high recovery rate and the application requirement of coarse-grain gangue pre-tailing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems to a certain extent, and provides a fluidized coarse grain flotation device and method capable of adjusting a water-gas flow field and turbulence, which can realize flexible adjustment of the water-gas flow field and the turbulence, form fully mixed micro bubbles and water-gas mixed fluid, stable micro bubbles and water fluidized composite interference bed layers, improve the bubble flotation effect, save cost and reduce consumption, and meet the requirements of flotation recovery of different coarse grain target minerals and coarse grain gangue pre-waste throwing application.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the fluidized coarse grain flotation device comprises a flotation column body, a water-gas mixer and a plurality of water-gas jet guns, wherein the water-gas flow field and the turbulence degree can be adjusted;

the water-gas jet gun is provided with a jet flow area which extends into the flotation column and is used for vertically jetting microbubbles and water-gas mixed fluid upwards, and the water-gas jet gun can adjust the included angle between the jet flow area and the circumference of the flotation column in the radial direction.

The flotation device is matched with a plurality of water-gas jet guns through the communicated water-gas mixer to form microbubbles and water-gas mixed fluid which are vertically and upwards sprayed, so that a bed layer is uniform and stable, the microbubble flotation effect is improved, and meanwhile, the distribution influence of the jet flow area and the radial included angle of the circumference of the flotation column on the flow field in the column body is remarkable: the injection position of the micro-bubble and water-gas mixed fluid influences the distribution uniformity of the fluidization interference bed layer on the cross section of the flotation column, and when the included angle between the jet flow area and the circumference radial direction of the flotation column is increased, the flow field of the central area in the flotation column can be weakened, the turbulence degree and the stability of the bed layer can be influenced, so that the flexible adjustment of the water-gas flow field and the turbulence degree in the fluidized coarse-grain flotation device can be further realized by adjusting the distribution of the micro-bubble and the water-gas mixed fluid, and the optimized exploration of flotation conditions is facilitated.

The flotation device is characterized in that the middle part and the upper part of the flotation column are cylinders, and the lower part of the flotation column is a cone, and the flotation column is used for stabilizing the micro-bubbles and water-fluidized composite interference bed layer through the cylinders and discharging ores through the cones.

Further, the longitudinal length ratio of the cylinder to the cone is (2.5-3.5): 1, stable microbubbles suitable for separation of coarse-particle minerals close to 1mm and a water fluidization composite interference bed can be further formed through ratio limitation, if the ratio of the cylinder is too low, the vertical space required by the stabilization of the bed cannot be achieved, and if the ratio is too high, the coarse particles adhere to bubbles and then float upwards to a long path, so that the desorption of the particles and the bubbles can be caused, and the flotation effect is deteriorated.

Further, the included angle between the wall surface of the cone and the vertical axis is 40-50 degrees, the ore discharge of the inner tailings can be further smooth through the limitation of the included angle, the ore discharge speed is moderate, the ore discharge amount is easy to control, the moving speed of the ore on the cone is low when the included angle is too large, the ore discharge is not smooth, the blockage is easy to be caused, the moving speed of the ore on the cone is too high when the included angle is too small, and the ore discharge amount is not easy to control.

Further, the jet flow area is close to the junction area of the cylinder and the cone and is used for further playing the ore removal role of the stable bed and the cone of the cylinder.

Above-mentioned flotation device, further, the water-gas mixer includes casing and aqueous vapor shearing dispersion ware, the casing is along fluid input to output direction including continuous water-gas mixing pipe, shrink tube, venturi and diffusion pipe in proper order, the water-gas mixing pipe is equipped with the tip and extends to the inside pressure water injection pipe and a plurality of high-pressure gas injection pipe of water-gas mixing pipe, the high-pressure air current of high-pressure gas injection pipe can with the pressure water flow intersection of pressure water injection pipe form water-gas mixed fluid, aqueous vapor shearing dispersion ware is located the diffusion pipe.

The flotation device is characterized in that the high-pressure air flow of the high-pressure air injection pipe is intersected with the pressure water flow of the pressure water injection pipe and is primarily mixed in the water-air mixing pipe to form water-air mixed fluid, the water-air mixed fluid sequentially passes through the shrinkage pipe, the throat pipe and the diffusion pipe to form a large number of bubbles, and when the bubbles and the water-air mixed fluid pass through the water-air shearing disperser in the diffusion pipe, the bubbles are further cut and dispersed into microbubbles, so that the water-air mixer mixes the air and the water into the microbubbles and the water-air mixed fluid and sends the microbubbles and the water-air mixed fluid to each water-air jet gun, the dispersion degree of the bubbles is improved, and the size of the bubbles is reduced.

Further, the pressure water injection pipe is provided with a conical nozzle with a cone angle of 20-30 degrees, the high-pressure gas injection pipe is provided with a conical nozzle with a cone angle of 20-25 degrees, and the fluid injection included angle of the pressure water injection pipe and the high-pressure gas injection pipe is 30-55 degrees, so that the flushing and jetting effects are further enhanced, and the water-gas mixing effect is further improved.

Further, the taper angle of the shrinkage tube is 35-40 degrees, the taper angle of the diffusion tube is 25-35 degrees, and the longitudinal length ratio of the shrinkage tube, the throat and the diffusion tube is 1:1 (2-3) and is used for further improving the dispersion uniformity of bubbles in the water-air mixed fluid and refining the size of the bubbles.

Further, the water-air shearing disperser comprises a plurality of tips perpendicular to the flow direction of the air bubbles and the water-air mixed fluid, and the tips are used for further strengthening the micro-bubble effect through cutting and dispersing the air bubbles.

According to the flotation device, further, the water-air mixer and the water-air jet guns are provided with the communicated water-air distributor, the valve is arranged between the water-air distributor and the water-air jet guns and used for uniformly distributing micro bubbles and water-air mixed fluid to the water-air jet guns through the water-air distributor, and the quantity of the communicated water-air jet guns is controlled through the opening and closing of the valve, so that the flexible adjustment of the water-air flow field and the turbulence degree is further realized.

Further, the water-gas jet gun is rotationally connected with the water-gas distributor and is used for adapting to the angle change of the water-gas jet gun through rotational connection when adjusting the angle of the jet area, thereby being further convenient for the installation and adjustment of the water-gas jet gun and rapidly adjusting the water-gas flow field and the turbulence.

Further, an angle regulator for regulating the radial angle between the jet flow area and the circumference of the flotation column is arranged between the water-air jet flow gun and the flotation column, and the water-air jet flow gun is driven to move relative to the flotation column through the angle regulator, so that the radial angle between the jet flow area and the circumference of the flotation column is further rapidly and flexibly regulated, and the water-air flow field and the turbulence degree are conveniently regulated.

Further, the jet area comprises a fine grid horizontally arranged at the fluid outlet of the water-gas jet gun, and the fine gridThe area of each single hole is 0.04-0.36mm ² The micro bubbles and the water-air mixed fluid along the water-air jet gun are further dispersed into micro bubbles and water flow columns through the micro grids, so that the flotation effect can be improved.

Further, the included angle alpha between the jet flow area and the circumferential radial direction of the flotation column is 0-45 degrees, the flow field distribution is better in the range of the angle, if the angle exceeds 45 degrees, the flow field in the central area of the column is weaker, the contact between the fed material and water flow and bubbles is less after the fed material enters the central area, and therefore good sorting indexes cannot be obtained.

Further, the inside damping structure that is located the efflux district top that is equipped with of flotation column, damping structure includes at least two damping rings of continuous or interval arrangement, and the longitudinal distance of damping structure bottom to flotation column bottom is greater than or equal to 1/3 cylinder axial height, and the damping ring quantity, distribution form and the position through damping structure interfere the formation of bed, further adjusts flow field and turbulence: the number and the dense distribution of the damping rings are increased, so that the turbulence of a flow field in the cylinder can be reduced, and the turbulence resistance in the process of adhering and floating coarse particles and bubbles can be reduced, so that the floating of the coarse particles can be promoted; too low a damping structure can affect the formation of the disturbing bed layer too early, which is not beneficial to the stabilization of the bed layer; too high a position does not play a role in regulating turbulence.

A fluidized coarse-grain flotation method based on the adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence of any one of the above-mentioned fluidized coarse-grain flotation devices, the method comprising:

adjusting the number of the water-gas jet guns communicated with the water-gas mixer and the radial included angle between the jet area and the circumference of the flotation column;

the water-air mixer mixes gas and water into micro-bubbles and water-air mixed fluid and sends the micro-bubbles and water-air mixed fluid to each water-air jet gun, the water-air jet guns jet the micro-bubbles and the water-air mixed fluid vertically upwards in the flotation column body through the jet area, and after the flow field is stabilized, a micro-bubble and water-fluidized composite interference bed layer is formed;

coarse particle ore pulp is subjected to flotation in a micro-bubble and water fluidized composite interference bed layer through a feeding device after being subjected to pulp mixing, foam concentrate enters a foam overflow tank and is discharged through a concentrate discharge port to form final concentrate, and tailings sink and are discharged through a discharge port to form final tailings.

Further, the size of the microbubbles in the mixed fluid of the microbubbles and the water vapor sprayed by the jet flow area is 50-200 mu m, the dispersity of the microbubbles in the mixed fluid of the water vapor is more than 80%, and the purpose of microbubble flotation is further achieved by controlling the dispersion degree of the microbubbles and the size of the microbubbles.

Further, the size fraction of coarse-grain minerals in the coarse-grain ore pulp is 0.1-1.2mm, a flotation device and a flotation method can be fully utilized, the flotation effect of the water-gas fluid on the coarse grains is further enhanced, and the ball milling load and energy consumption are reduced.

Further, the coarse particle ore pulp comprises a collector and a foaming agent, and is used for further improving the flotation effect of each mineral after fully mixing.

Further, the coarse-grain minerals comprise sulphide ores and oxidized ores, wherein the sulphide ores comprise molybdenite and lead-zinc ores, the oxidized ores comprise scheelite, cassiterite and ilmenite, so that the grade of the obtained tailings containing target minerals is extremely low, and the coarse-grain flotation waste disposal rate and concentrate recovery rate are further improved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) According to the invention, through adjusting the included angle between the jet flow area of the micro-bubbles and the water-gas mixed fluid which extend into the flotation column and are vertically and upwards sprayed and the circumferential radial direction of the flotation column, the micro-bubbles and the water-fluidized composite interference bed layer with adjustable water-gas flow field distribution and turbulence degree can be formed in the flotation column, and the technical problem that the water-gas flow field and the turbulence degree are difficult to adjust due to a single mode of a fixing component and pressure is solved, so that the flotation device is suitable for coarse particle ore flotation with different types and ore properties, and has very strong flexibility and adaptability.

(2) According to the invention, the flotation condition can be optimized and explored by adjusting the water-air flow field and the turbulence degree of the micro-bubble and water-fluidized composite interference bed layer, so that the long-period research and development process of re-designing the core fixing component due to poor flotation effect is greatly shortened.

(3) According to the invention, by vertically spraying the mixed fluid of the microbubbles and the water vapor upwards, the free combination of the number and the layout mode of the water vapor jet guns and the number and the layout mode of the damping rings can be used, the adjustable microbubble and water fluidized composite interference bed with stable flow field and turbulence is further formed, the technical problems that the distribution mode of the bubbles and the ascending water flow in the flotation column is simpler and coarser, the uniform distribution of the interference bed is not facilitated are solved, and the influence on the flotation effect caused by the falling-off of coarse particles and bubbles after the adhesion is avoided.

(4) According to the invention, the mixed fluid of the microbubbles and the water is formed through the water-air mixer, and then the water-air rising fluid in which the microbubbles and the water are fully mixed is further formed in the flotation column through the jet area of the water-air jet gun, so that the technical problems that the dispersion degree of the bubbles and the size of the bubbles are difficult to achieve the purpose of microbubble flotation can be solved, and the flotation effect of the water-air fluid on coarse particles is enhanced.

(5) The tailings obtained by the method have extremely low grade of target minerals, can be directly used as final tailings for tail discarding in the ore dressing process of grinding-flotation, remove gangue minerals from the process in time, reduce the load of a ball mill, reduce the treatment capacity of the flotation process, and obviously reduce the energy consumption.

In conclusion, the invention can be used for floatation recovery of coarse-grained minerals with the grain size of 0.1-1.2mm, has good separation effect on sulfide minerals such as molybdenite, lead-zinc ore and the like and oxidized minerals such as scheelite, cassiterite and ilmenite and the like, has the coarse-grained floatation waste throwing rate of more than 50%, the sulfide ore concentrate recovery rate of more than 90% and the oxidized ore concentrate recovery rate of more than 85%, and can remarkably reduce the operation cost and meet the floatation recovery and coarse-grained gangue pre-throwing application of different coarse-grained target minerals.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water-gas mixer according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a water-air jet gun according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the combined use of the water-air jet gun according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the variation of the adjustment of the water-air jet gun according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a damping ring according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.

The marks in the figure: the flotation column 1, the foam overflow tank 2, the concentrate discharge port 3, the feeding pipe 4, the feeding distributor 5, the discharge port 6, the water-gas distribution pipe 7, the water-gas jet gun 8, the vertical pipeline 801, the horizontal square pipeline 802, the micro grid 803, the angle regulator 804, the adjusting seat 8041, the knob 8042, the angle meter 8043, the bolt 8044, the rotating shaft 8045, the rotating joint 805 and the elastic sealing structure 806; the water-gas mixer 9, the shell 91, the water-gas mixing pipe 911, the shrinkage pipe 912, the throat 913, the diffusion pipe 914, the pressurized water injection pipe 915, the high-pressure gas injection pipe 916, the water-gas shearing disperser 92, the tip 921, the damping ring 10, the pressurized water pump 11, the water supply tank 12 and the high-pressure gas tank 13.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention to only some, but not all embodiments of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" or "a number" means two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1-5, in a preferred embodiment of the fluidized coarse-grain flotation device with adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence, the flotation device comprises a flotation column 1, a water-gas mixer 9 and a plurality of water-gas jet guns 8 which are communicated, wherein a foam overflow tank 2, a concentrate discharge port 3 and a feeding device are arranged at the top of the flotation column 1, and a discharge port 6 is arranged at the bottom of the flotation column 1;

the water-gas jet gun 8 is provided with a jet flow area which extends into the flotation column 1 and is used for vertically jetting microbubbles and water-gas mixed fluid upwards, and the water-gas jet gun 8 can adjust the included angle between the jet flow area and the circumference radial direction of the flotation column 1.

Above-mentioned flotation device, further, the feed device is including extending to the inside feed pipe 4 of flotation cylinder 1, being connected with feed pipe 4 and being located the feed distributor 5 of foam overflow launder 2 below, makes the ore pulp follow feed pipe 4 and feed distributor 5, can slowly descend in flotation cylinder 1 in whole section, realizes even feed, further improves the flotation effect.

The flotation device is characterized in that the middle part and the upper part of the flotation column 1 are cylinders, and the lower part of the flotation column 1 is a cone, and the flotation device is used for stabilizing the micro-bubbles and water-fluidized composite interference bed layer through the cylinders and discharging ores through the cones.

The flotation device further comprises a shell 91 and a water-gas shearing disperser 92, wherein the shell 91 sequentially comprises a water-gas mixing pipe 911, a shrinkage pipe 912, a throat pipe 913 and a diffusion pipe 914 which are connected along the direction from fluid input to output, the water-gas mixing pipe 911 is provided with a pressure water injection pipe 915 and a plurality of high-pressure gas injection pipes 916, the end parts of the pressure water injection pipes 915 extend into the water-gas mixing pipe 911, high-pressure gas flows of the high-pressure gas injection pipes 916 can be intersected with pressure water flows of the pressure water injection pipes 915 to form water-gas mixed fluid, and the water-gas shearing disperser 92 is positioned in the diffusion pipe 914.

Further, the water-air mixer 9 is disposed outside the flotation column 1, the pressure water injection pipe 915 is connected with the pressure water pump 11, the pressure water pump 11 is connected with the water tank, the water pressurizing pump in the water tank is used for pumping the water pressurizing pump into the pressure water injection pipe 915 to form pressure water jet flow, the plurality of high-pressure gas injection pipes 916 are connected with the high-pressure gas box 13, and the high-pressure gas box 13 is used for generating high-pressure gas flow and respectively distributing the high-pressure gas flow in the plurality of high-pressure gas injection pipes 916 to form high-pressure gas jet flow, so that the generation of the pressure water jet flow and the high-pressure gas jet flow is realized, and the flow field and the turbulence degree can be further regulated by regulating the air pressure and the water pressure.

Further, the pressurized water injection pipe 915 is provided with a conical nozzle with a cone angle of 20-30 °, the high-pressure gas injection pipe 916 is provided with a conical nozzle with a cone angle of 20-25 °, and the fluid injection angle between the pressurized water injection pipe 915 and the high-pressure gas injection pipe 916 is 30-55 °, so as to further enhance the flushing and further improve the water-gas mixing effect.

Further, the pressure injection pipes are axially arranged along the housing 91, and a plurality of high-pressure gas injection pipes 916 are symmetrically arranged outside the pressure injection pipes in pairs for further improving the water-gas mixing effect.

Further, the taper angle of the shrink tube 912 is 35-40 °, the taper angle of the diffusion tube 914 is 25-35 °, and the ratio of the longitudinal lengths of the shrink tube 912, the throat 913 and the diffusion tube 914 is 1:1 (2-3), so as to further improve the dispersion uniformity of bubbles in the water-air mixed fluid and refine the size of the bubbles.

Further, the hydro-shear disperser 92 comprises a plurality of tips 921 perpendicular to the flow direction of the bubble and hydro-mixed fluid for further enhancing the micro-bubble effect by the cutting dispersion of the passing bubbles by the tips 921.

Further, the water-vapor shearing disperser 92 includes a plurality of cutting plates arranged at intervals and in a polygonal star shape, the number of the cutting plates is preferably 4-8, and the corners of each cutting plate are arranged in a staggered manner as the tips 921, so as to facilitate the arrangement and further strengthen the micro-bubble effect.

According to the flotation device, further, a communicated water-gas distributor is arranged between the water-gas mixer 9 and the water-gas jet guns 8, and a valve is arranged between the water-gas distributor and the water-gas jet guns 8 and used for uniformly distributing micro bubbles and water-gas mixed fluid to the water-gas jet guns 8 through the water-gas distributor and controlling the quantity of the communicated water-gas jet guns 8 through opening and closing the valve, so that flexible adjustment of a water-gas flow field and turbulence degree is further realized.

Further, the water-air jet gun 8 is rotationally connected with the water-air distributor, and is used for adapting to the angle change of the water-air jet gun 8 through rotational connection when adjusting the angle of the jet area, thereby further facilitating the installation and adjustment of the water-air jet gun 8 and quickly adjusting the water-air flow field and the turbulence.

Further, an angle regulator 804 for regulating the radial angle between the jet flow area and the circumference of the flotation column 1 is arranged between the water-air jet flow gun 8 and the flotation column 1, and the water-air jet flow gun 8 is driven to move relative to the flotation column 1 through the angle regulator 804, so that the rapid and flexible regulation of the radial angle between the jet flow area and the circumference of the flotation column 1 is further realized, and the water-air flow field and the turbulence degree are conveniently regulated.

Further, the water-gas distributor comprises a water-gas distribution pipe 7 which is annularly arranged outside the flotation column 1, the water-gas distribution pipe 7 is uniformly provided with a plurality of holes which are respectively controlled by valves at intervals, the water-gas jet gun 8 comprises a vertical pipeline 801 and a horizontal square pipeline 802 which are communicated, and the holes are connected with the vertical pipeline 801 through the pipeline and a rotary joint to realize convenient rotary connection of the water-gas jet gun 8 and the water-gas distributor.

Further, the horizontal square pipe 802 is arranged on the flotation column 1 and vertically extends to the inside of the flotation column 1 and is provided with a jet flow area, the angle adjuster 804 comprises an adjusting seat 8041, a knob 8042 and an angle meter 8043, the adjusting seat 8041 is connected with the flotation column 1 through a bolt 8044, the knob 8042 is provided with a rotating shaft 8045 penetrating through the adjusting seat 8041 and connected with the water-gas jet gun 8, the rotating shaft 8045 is directly connected with a needle shaft of the angle meter 8043 or is connected with the needle shaft through a transmission structure, the knob 8042 is used for driving the horizontal square pipe 802 to reciprocate on the flotation column 1 around the axis of the rotating shaft 8045, the vertical pipe 801 reciprocates around a rotating joint 805, and the angle meter 8043 rotates along with the rotating shaft 8045 to indicate an adjusting angle, so that the included angle between the jet flow area and the circumference of the flotation column 1 is conveniently adjusted.

Further, an elastic sealing structure 806 is arranged between the outside of the horizontal square pipe 802 and the flotation column 1, so as to adapt to the position change and sealing of the horizontal square pipe 802 in the flotation column 1 through the elastic sealing structure 806.

Further, the water-gas jet guns 8 are uniformly distributed at intervals on the peripheral wall of the flotation column 1, and the number of the water-gas jet guns 8 is even and not less than 6 and is used for further improving the flow field distribution uniformity.

Further, the jet flow area comprises a jet flow gun 8 horizontally arranged on the water gasA fine mesh 803 of the body outlet, each single hole area of the fine mesh being 0.04-0.36mm ² The single holes comprise square holes, and the micro bubbles and the water-air mixed fluid along the water-air jet gun 8 are further dispersed into micro bubbles and water flow columns through the micro grid 803, so that the flotation effect can be improved.

Further, the included angle alpha between the jet flow area and the circumferential radial direction of the flotation column 1 is 0-45 degrees, the flow field distribution is better in the range of the included angle, if the included angle exceeds 45 degrees, the flow field in the central area of the column is weaker, the contact between the fed material and water flow and bubbles is less after the fed material enters the central area, and therefore good sorting indexes cannot be obtained.

The working principle of the flotation device is as follows:

when the fluidized coarse-grain flotation device works, the pressure water pump 11 extracts water from the water supply tank 12 and pressurizes the water to generate pressure water, the high-pressure gas tank 13 generates high-pressure gas, the pressure water and the high-pressure gas are respectively introduced into the water-gas mixer 9, the high-pressure gas flow of the high-pressure gas injection pipe 916 is intersected with the pressure water flow of the pressure water injection pipe 915, so that gas is partially dissolved into water by means of pressure to be primarily mixed in the water-gas mixing pipe 911 to form water-gas mixed fluid, then the water-gas mixed fluid sequentially passes through the shrink pipe 912, the throat 913 and the diffusion pipe 914 to form a large number of bubbles, and the water-gas shearing disperser 92 formed by staggered multi-angle star-shaped arrangement in the diffusion pipe 914 further cuts and disperses the bubbles into microbubbles, so that the dispersion degree of the bubbles is improved, the size of the bubbles is reduced, and finally, a large number of mixed fluids of the tiny bubbles and the water are formed at the output end of the water-gas mixer 9.

The formed microbubbles and the water-air mixed fluid are uniformly distributed into the water-air jet gun 8 along the circumference through the water-air distribution pipe 7, the microbubbles and the water-air mixed fluid are further dispersed into microbubbles and water flow columns by the micro grid 803 of the water-air jet gun 8, the sizes of the microbubbles sprayed by the jet area in the microbubbles and the water-air mixed fluid can reach 50-200 mu m, the dispersity of the microbubbles in the water-air mixed fluid can reach more than 80%, and the problems that the generation of bubbles and ascending water flow in the flotation column 1 is simpler and coarser, and the dispersion degree and the size of the bubbles are difficult to achieve the purpose of microbubble flotation can be solved.

The jet flow area extends inside the flotation column 1, so that microbubbles form a cooperative ascending situation in the water-gas mixed fluid and are vertically ejected upwards, an ascending water-gas mixed flow field is formed in the flotation column 1, and after the flow field is stable, a microbubble and water fluidized composite interference bed layer is formed, so that the problems that the existing distribution mode of the bubbles and ascending water flow in the flotation column 1 is simpler and coarser and is unfavorable for the uniform distribution of the interference bed layer can be solved.

Pulp and flotation reagent enter the flotation column 1 through the feed pipe 4 and the feed distributor 5 after fully mixing pulp by the stirring barrel, slowly descend along the whole section of the flotation column 1, carry out flotation on the granular ore in the fluidized interference bed layer, enable coarse particles containing target minerals to be simultaneously subjected to buoyancy of bubbles and vertical lifting force of ascending water flow to rise into foam concentrate, enable the obtained concentrate to be further processed and recycled, enable gangue minerals to be free of bubble adhesion, sink and be discharged through the discharge port 6 to form final tailings, and enable the tailings to be directly used as the final tailings to be thrown into the tail in advance, so that a flotation separation process is completed.

On the basis that the water-gas mixer 9 and the water-gas jet gun 8 are convenient for uniform stabilization of a bed layer and improvement of micro-bubble flotation effect, the distribution uniformity, the central area flow field, the turbulence and the bed layer stability of a fluidized interference bed layer on the cross section of the flotation column 1 are influenced by the included angle between the jet area and the circumference of the flotation column 1, the problem that the flow field and the turbulence are difficult to flexibly adjust due to the fact that the existing air bubble and the rising water flow distributor are used as core components by freely combining the number and the installation angle of the water-gas jet gun 8 can be solved, flexible adjustment of the water-gas flow field and the turbulence in a fluidized coarse-grain flotation device is realized, coarse-grain ore flotation of different types and ore properties can be adapted, the optimal exploration of flotation conditions is facilitated, and the long-period research and development process of the design of the core fixed components is required to be carried out again due to poor flotation effect is greatly shortened.

Example 2:

a preferred embodiment of the fluidized coarse-grain flotation method according to the present invention is a fluidized coarse-grain flotation device with adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence according to the above-mentioned embodiment 1, comprising the steps of:

s1: the number of the water-gas jet guns 8 communicated with the water-gas mixer 9 is regulated to 8, and the included angle between the jet area and the circumference radial direction of the flotation column 1 is regulated to 35 degrees;

S2: the water-gas mixer 9 mixes gas and water into micro-bubbles and water-gas mixed fluid and sends the micro-bubbles and water-gas mixed fluid to each water-gas jet gun 8, the water-gas jet guns 8 jet the micro-bubbles and the water-gas mixed fluid vertically upwards in the flotation column 1 through jet areas, and after the flow field is stable, a micro-bubble and water-fluidized composite interference bed layer is formed;

s3: coarse molybdenite with the grain size of 0.15-1mm and the molybdenum grade of 0.10 percent is added with a kerosene collecting agent for stirring and size mixing, the adding amount of the kerosene collecting agent is 100g/t molybdenite, then a pine oil foaming agent is added, the adding amount of the pine oil foaming agent is 20g/t molybdenite, and the slurry is obtained after full size mixing;

s4: the slurry is fed into a fluidized coarse grain flotation device through a feeding device, and is subjected to flotation in a micro-bubble and water fluidized composite interference bed layer, wherein in the flotation, foam concentrate enters a foam overflow tank 2 and is discharged through a concentrate discharge port 3 to form final concentrate, tailings sink and are discharged through a discharge port 6 to form final tailings, and the yield, mo grade and Mo operation recovery rate of the concentrate and the tailings are measured and calculated, and the result is shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1 results of fluidization coarse-particle flotation test of molybdenite

From table 1, the coarse particle flotation waste rejection rate can reach more than 50%, the recovery rate of molybdenite concentrate is more than 90%, the grade of the target minerals contained in tailings is extremely low, the loss of molybdenum in the tailings is only 7.25%, and the effects of the invention are obvious, and the flotation recovery of coarse particle molybdenite and the pre-tailing discarding of coarse particle gangue can be realized.

Example 3:

s1: the number of the water-gas jet guns 8 communicated with the water-gas mixer 9 is regulated to 12, and the included angle between the jet area and the circumference radial direction of the flotation column 1 is regulated to 28.5 degrees;

s3: the grain size is 0.15-1.1mm, WO ₃ Adding a sodium carbonate collector into coarse-particle scheelite with the grade of 0.276%, stirring and pulping until the pH value is 9.5, adding a complex collector with the addition of 600g/t scheelite and a loose alcohol oil foaming agent, wherein the complex collector consists of lead nitrate of 550g/t scheelite and benzoic hydroxamic acid of 500g/t scheelite, and the addition of the loose alcohol oil foaming agent is 30g/t scheelite, and fully pulping to obtain slurry;

s4: feeding slurry into a fluidized coarse grain flotation device through a feeding device, carrying out flotation in a micro-bubble and water fluidized composite interference bed layer, discharging foam concentrate into a foam overflow tank 2 through a concentrate discharge port 3 to form final concentrate in flotation, sinking tailings and discharging the final concentrate into a final tailings through a discharge port 6, and measuring and calculating the yields of the concentrate and the tailings and the WO ₃ Grade and WO ₃ The job recovery rate, the results of which are shown in table 2 below:

TABLE 2 results of fluidization coarse-grain flotation test of scheelite

As can be seen from Table 2, the coarse particle flotation waste removal rate can reach more than 50%, the scheelite concentrate recovery rate is more than 85%, the grade of the tailings containing target minerals is extremely low, and WO (WO) in the tailings discarding part is achieved ₃ The loss is only 13.37%, and the invention has obvious effect and can realize the flotation recovery of the coarse-particle scheelite and the pre-tailing discarding of the coarse-particle gangue.

Example 4:

as shown in fig. 6-7, in a preferred embodiment of the fluidized coarse-grain flotation device with adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence, on the basis of example 1, a damping structure is arranged inside the flotation column 1 and above the jet flow area, the damping structure comprises at least two damping rings 10 arranged continuously or at intervals, and the turbulence of fluid can be effectively adjusted by a plurality of damping rings 10 on the inner wall of the flotation column 1, so that flow field distribution more suitable for coarse-grain flotation is formed.

Further, the damping rings 10 are annular and have hemispherical protrusions on the inner sides, so that turbulence resistance is reduced through the hemispherical protrusions, the damping rings 10 are detachably connected with the flotation columns 1 through bolts and the like, and adjustment of installation positions, numbers and distribution intervals of the damping rings 10 is achieved.

Further, the longitudinal distance from the lowest position of the damping structure to the bottom of the flotation column 1 is not less than 1/3 of the column axial height, and the number, distribution form and position of the damping rings 10 of the damping structure are used for disturbing the formation of a bed layer and further regulating the flow field and the turbulence: increasing the number and dense distribution of the damping rings 10 can reduce the turbulence of the flow field in the cylinder, and reduce the turbulence resistance in the process of adhering and floating coarse particles and bubbles can promote the coarse particles to float upwards; too low a damping structure can affect the formation of the disturbing bed layer too early, which is not beneficial to the stabilization of the bed layer; too high a position does not play a role in regulating turbulence.

Further, the installation position of the damping structure is preferably the middle or middle upper part of the flotation column 1 for further improving the damping effect.

Example 5:

a preferred embodiment of the fluidized coarse-grain flotation method according to the present invention is a fluidized coarse-grain flotation device with adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence according to the above-mentioned embodiment 4, comprising the steps of:

s1: the number of the water-gas jet guns 8 communicated with the water-gas mixer 9 is regulated to 8, the included angle between the jet area and the circumferential radial direction of the flotation column 1 is 29 degrees, and the number of the damping rings 10 is 3;

s3: coarse molybdenite with the grain size of 0.2-1.1mm and the molybdenum grade of 0.22 percent is added with a kerosene collecting agent for stirring and pulping, the adding amount of the kerosene collecting agent is 180g/t molybdenite, then a pine oil foaming agent is added, the adding amount of the pine oil foaming agent is 30g/t molybdenite, and the slurry is obtained after full pulping;

s4: the slurry is fed into a fluidized coarse grain flotation device through a feeding device, and is subjected to flotation in a micro-bubble and water fluidized composite interference bed, wherein in the flotation, foam concentrate enters a foam overflow tank 2 and is discharged through a concentrate discharge port 3 to form final concentrate, and tailings sink and are discharged through a discharge port 6 to form final tailings.

Comparative example 1: a coarse flotation process differs from example 5 in that concentrate and tailings are obtained using a conventional mechanical stirred flotation machine.

The yields, mo grades and Mo work recovery of the concentrates and tailings of example 5 and comparative example 1 were calculated by measurement and the comparative results are shown in table 3 below:

TABLE 3 comparative flotation test results for molybdenite

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From table 3, the coarse particle flotation waste rejection rate of example 5 can reach more than 50%, the recovery rate of molybdenite concentrate is more than 90%, the recovery rate of Mo of the coarse concentrate of comparative example 1 is only 39.70%, the grade of the target mineral contained in the tailings of example 5 is extremely low, and the loss of molybdenum in the tailings after tailing discarding is only 8.15%, so that the invention has obvious effect and can realize flotation recovery of coarse particle molybdenite and preliminary tailing discarding of coarse particle gangue.

Example 6:

s1: the number of the water-gas jet guns 8 communicated with the water-gas mixer 9 is regulated to 10, the included angle between the jet area and the circumferential radial direction of the flotation column 1 is 22 degrees, and the number of the damping rings 10 is 2;

S3: the grain size is 0.18-1.0mm, WO ₃ Adding a sodium carbonate collector into coarse-particle scheelite with the grade of 0.17%, stirring and pulping until the pH value is 9.5, adding a complex collector with the addition of 480g/t scheelite and a loose alcohol oil foaming agent, wherein the complex collector consists of 600g/t scheelite lead nitrate and 600g/t scheelite benzoic hydroxamic acid, and the addition of the loose alcohol oil foaming agent is 40g/t scheelite, and fully pulping to obtain slurry;

Comparative example 2: a coarse flotation process differs from example 6 in that concentrate and tailings are obtained using a conventional mechanical stirred flotation machine.

Measurement calculation of the yields of concentrate and tailings of example 6 and comparative example 2, WO ₃ Grade and WO ₃ The job recovery rate, the comparison results are shown in table 4 below:

table 4 results of comparative flotation tests on scheelite

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As is clear from Table 4, the coarse-particle flotation waste rejection rate of example 6 can reach more than 50%, the scheelite concentrate recovery rate is more than 85%, the recovery rate of the coarse concentrate WO3 of comparative example 1 is only 41.69%, the grade of the tailings containing the target minerals of example 6 is extremely low, and WO in the tailing discarding part is very low ₃ The loss is only 10.80%, and the invention has obvious effect and can realize the flotation recovery of the coarse-particle scheelite and the pre-tailing discarding of the coarse-particle gangue.

In conclusion, the invention realizes the flexible adjustment of the water-gas flow field and the turbulence degree in the fluidized coarse-grain flotation device, forms the water-gas fluid with micro-bubbles and water fully mixed through the water-gas mixer 9 and the water-gas jet gun 8, strengthens the flotation effect of the water-gas fluid on coarse grains, realizes the flotation recovery of coarse grain minerals with the grain size of about 0.1-1.2mm, has good separation effect on sulphide minerals such as molybdenite, lead-zinc ore and the like and oxide minerals such as scheelite, cassiterite, ilmenite and the like, has the coarse grain flotation waste rejection rate of more than 50 percent, the sulphide ore concentrate recovery rate of more than 90 percent and the oxide ore concentrate recovery rate of more than 85 percent, and can realize the flotation recovery of coarse grain target minerals; meanwhile, the grade of the obtained tailings containing the target minerals is extremely low, the tailings can be directly used as the final tailings for tail discarding in the ore grinding-flotation ore dressing process, gangue minerals are timely removed from the process, the load of the ball mill can be reduced, the treatment capacity of the flotation process is reduced, and therefore the energy consumption is obviously reduced, and the application requirements are met.

The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all other embodiments obtained without making any inventive effort are included in the scope of the invention without departing from the equivalent embodiments or modifications of the technical spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. The fluidized coarse grain flotation device capable of adjusting the water-gas flow field and the turbulence is characterized by comprising a flotation column (1), a water-gas mixer (9) and a plurality of water-gas jet guns (8) which are communicated, wherein a foam overflow tank (2), a concentrate ore discharge port (3) and a feeding device are arranged at the top of the flotation column (1), and a discharge port (6) is arranged at the bottom of the flotation column (1);

the water-gas jet gun (8) is provided with a jet flow area which extends into the flotation column (1) and is used for vertically jetting microbubbles and water-gas mixed fluid upwards, and the water-gas jet gun (8) can adjust the included angle between the jet flow area and the circumference of the flotation column (1) in the radial direction.

2. The fluidized coarse flotation device with adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence degree according to claim 1, wherein the middle part and the upper part of the flotation column (1) are cylinders, the lower part of the flotation column (1) is a cone, the longitudinal length ratio of the cylinder to the cone is (2.5-3.5): 1, the included angle between the wall surface of the cone and the vertical axis is 40-50 degrees, and the jet flow area is close to the junction area of the cylinder and the cone.

3. The fluidized coarse flotation device with adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence according to claim 1, wherein the water-gas mixer (9) comprises a shell (91) and a water-gas shearing disperser (92), the shell (91) sequentially comprises a water-gas mixing pipe (911), a shrinkage pipe (912), a throat pipe (913) and a dispersing pipe (914) which are connected along the direction from fluid input to output, the water-gas mixing pipe (911) is provided with a pressure water injection pipe (915) and a plurality of high-pressure gas injection pipes (916) with the ends extending into the water-gas mixing pipe (911), the high-pressure gas flow of the high-pressure gas injection pipe (916) can be intersected with the pressure water flow of the pressure water injection pipe (915) to form a water-gas mixed fluid, the water-gas shearing disperser (92) is positioned in the dispersing pipe (914), and the water-gas shearing disperser (92) comprises a plurality of tips (921) which are perpendicular to the flow direction of the air bubbles and the water-gas mixed fluid.

4. A fluidised coarse flotation device with adjustable water gas flow field and turbulence according to claim 3, characterized in that the cone angle of the shrink tube (912) is 35-40 °, the cone angle of the diffuser tube (914) is 25-35 °, the longitudinal length ratio of the shrink tube (912), throat tube (913) and diffuser tube (914) is 1:1 (2-3), the pressure water injection tube (915) is provided with a cone nozzle with cone angle of 20-30 °, the high pressure gas injection tube (916) is provided with a cone nozzle with cone angle of 20-25 °, the fluid injection angle of the pressure water injection tube (915) with the high pressure gas injection tube (916) is 30-55 °.

5. The fluidized coarse-grain flotation device with adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence degree according to claim 1, wherein a water-gas distributor is arranged between the water-gas mixer (9) and the water-gas jet guns (8), a valve is arranged between the water-gas distributor and the water-gas jet guns (8), the water-gas jet guns (8) are rotationally connected with the water-gas distributor, and an angle regulator (804) for regulating the radial included angle between the jet area and the circumference of the flotation column (1) is arranged between the water-gas jet guns (8) and the flotation column (1).

6. A fluidized coarse flotation device with adjustable water gas flow field and turbulence according to claim 1, characterized in that the jet zone comprises a fine grid (803) horizontally arranged at the fluid outlet of the water gas jet gun (8), each single hole area of the fine grid being 0.04-0.36mm ² The included angle alpha between the jet flow area and the circumferential radial direction of the flotation column (1) is 0-45 degrees.

7. The fluidized coarse flotation device with adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence as claimed in claim 1, wherein a damping structure is arranged inside the flotation column (1) and above the jet flow area, the damping structure comprises at least two continuously or intermittently arranged damping rings (10), and the longitudinal distance from the lowest position of the damping structure to the bottom of the flotation column (1) is more than or equal to 1/3 of the column axial height.

8. A fluidized coarse flotation process, characterized in that the process comprises, based on an adjustable water-gas flow field and turbulence, a fluidized coarse flotation device according to any one of claims 1-7:

adjusting the number of the water-air jet guns (8) communicated with the water-air mixer (9) and the included angle between the jet area and the circumference radial direction of the flotation column (1);

the water-air mixer (9) mixes gas and water into micro-bubbles and water-air mixed fluid and sends the micro-bubbles and water-air mixed fluid to each water-air jet gun (8), the water-air jet guns (8) jet the micro-bubbles and the water-air mixed fluid vertically upwards in the flotation column (1) through jet areas, and a micro-bubble and water-fluidized composite interference bed layer is formed after a flow field is stable;

coarse-grain ore pulp is subjected to flotation in a micro-bubble and water fluidized composite interference bed layer through a feeding device after being subjected to pulp mixing, foam concentrate enters a foam overflow tank (2) and is discharged through a concentrate discharge port (3) to form final concentrate, and tailings sink and are discharged through a discharge port (6) to form final tailings.

9. The fluidized coarse-grain flotation method according to claim 8, wherein the size of the microbubbles in the mixed fluid of the microbubbles and the water-gas injected from the jet area is 50-200 μm, and the dispersity of the microbubbles in the mixed fluid of the water-gas is more than 80%.

10. A fluidized coarse flotation process according to claim 8, wherein the coarse mineral in the coarse mineral slurry has a size fraction of 0.1-1.2mm, and the coarse mineral comprises sulphide ore and oxide ore.