CN116019105A - 一种提高桃小食心虫产卵的组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于昆虫生态领域,提供了一种提高桃小食心虫产卵率的组合物,包括有效成分和辅料,所述有效成分选自己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯中的一种或几种的组合。将羽化后的成虫按照一定的雌雄比例放入饲养器皿内,按容积加入上述提高桃小食心虫产卵的组合物,使其交配产卵,可提高桃小食心虫雌蛾和雄蛾的交配率以及延长其交配时间,有助于提高雌蛾的产卵量,适量释放该组合物将显著提高后代的繁殖效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于昆虫生态领域,涉及一种提高桃小食心虫产卵率的组合物。
背景技术
桃小食心虫(
Carposina sasakii,鳞翅目Lepidoptera,蛀果蛾科Carposinidae),又称桃蛀果蛾。桃小食心虫的主要寄主是苹果、桃、梨、杏、李、枣等蔷薇科果树。1927年首次被报道危害大连市的果园,现在广泛分布于我国北方及高寒地带果树产区,因其寄主植物多、世代周期长、繁殖能力强、隐蔽性强等防治难点,桃小食心虫至今是我国北方果园危害最严重的害虫之一。
为了研究桃小食心虫的发生和防治规律,筛选防治药剂,需要对试虫进行人工饲养,已获得大量龄期和敏感性一致的标准试虫。实验室内完成桃小食心虫种群繁殖主要有两种饲养方法,一是用寄主植物饲养,二是用人工饲料饲养。室温条件下,桃小食心虫连续饲养多代,单雌产卵量平均为190粒左右,孵化率约82%,种群有退化趋势。为了维系种群数量和质量稳定,需要寻找提高桃小食心虫单雌产卵量和孵化率的方法和组合物。
发明内容
针对目前人工饲养桃小食心虫种群退化、产卵量少的问题,本发明提供一种提高桃小食心虫产卵率的组合物,能够提高成虫交配率和单雌产卵量以及卵的孵化率。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种提高桃小食心虫产卵的组合物,包括有效成分和辅料,所述有效成分选自己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯中的一种或几种的组合。
优选的,己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯的质量比为0-50:0-50:0-20:0-10,且不同时取0。
优选的,有效成分为己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯的组合。更优选的,己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯的质量比为10:10:5:5-50:50:20:10。
所述辅料用于溶解或稀释有效成分、负载有效成分、使有效成分方便使用。可以包括溶剂、惰性载体、挥发助剂,如液体石蜡、滤纸、复合橡胶诱芯载体、固体乙醇等。
一种提高桃小食心虫繁殖的方法,包括以下步骤:
将羽化后的成虫按照一定的雌雄比例放入饲养器皿内,按容积加入上述提高桃小食心虫产卵的组合物,使其交配产卵;
所述组合物中有效成分的加入量为0.125μg/L-1.25μg/L。
所述雌雄比例为1:(1-1.5)。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明提供了一种提高桃小食心虫成虫交配繁殖的组合物,可提高桃小食心虫雌蛾和雄蛾的交配率以及延长其交配时间,有助于提高雌蛾的产卵量,适量释放该组合物将显著提高后代的繁殖效率。在该组合物存在下,成虫交配率在85%以上,每头雌成虫产卵量约350粒左右,孵化率在86.0%以上。本发明的组合物将为研究桃小食心虫交配繁殖行为提供了参考和依据,同时还可提高桃小食心虫试虫数量、增强种群质量。
附图说明
图1是交配和未交配雌蛾的交配囊形态。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1 含提高桃小食心虫产卵组合物的滤纸片的制备
(1)母液配制:分别称取100mg己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯、丁酸丁酯标准化合物分别加入到液体石蜡中,定容至1mL,制备成10000µg/mL的己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯、丁酸丁酯的液体石蜡母溶液;
(2)将液体石蜡母溶液分别稀释为50μg/mL的稀释液;
(3)将稀释液按照表1中的比例混合,配制成混合溶液;
(4)用移液枪分别吸取不同稀释液或混合液按照表1中的剂量滴加于2cm×5mm(长×宽)的滤纸片上,获得负载组合物的滤纸片。
表1 组合物配方
。
实施例2 组合物用于提高桃小食心虫繁殖
将同日羽化的健壮成虫按照雌雄比例1:1放入2L的养虫缸内饲养,每缸放入5对成虫,缸内放置1个含蜂蜜水的棉球用于补充营养,悬挂1片条状毛茬滤纸片(10cm×3cm)用于产卵,将实施例1制备的滤纸片悬挂于缸内,每缸一片,现用现制备,每个处理30对成虫,3次重复,以滴加10μL液体石蜡的为对照(CK),于温度(25±1)℃,光周期15:9(光:暗),相对湿度60%-70%的条件下饲养。
处理后36h,解剖雌蛾,根据交配雌蛾的交配囊形状的差异确定交配与否(图1),统计交配率,交配率=交配数/雌蛾总数×100%。单雌产卵量的统计,于每日9:00更换卵卡,逐日记录产卵量,直至雌蛾全部死亡,单雌产卵量=总卵数/雌蛾数×100%。其中后代卵孵化率的统计是通过记录同一天收集的卵卡上300-400粒卵,于体视显微镜下观察卵孵化情况,统计孵化数,孵化率=孵化数/总卵数×100%。
表2 不同处理下桃小食心虫的交配率、单雌产卵量和孵化率
注:每列不同字母代表0.05水平下差异显著。
由表2数据可知,与对照相比,单独使用各化合物无论剂量高低均未显著提高交配率和孵化率;但是己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯在低剂量下均能够显著提高单雌产卵量。
表3 不同处理下桃小食心虫的交配率、单雌产卵量和孵化率
注:每列不同字母代表0.05水平下差异显著。
由表3数据可知,与对照相比,己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯四种化合物在合适配比下均能够显著提高雌雄交配率、单雌产卵量。
Claims (8)
1.一种提高桃小食心虫产卵的组合物,其特征在于,包括有效成分和辅料,所述有效成分选自己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯中的一种或几种的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯的质量比为0-50:0-50:0-20:0-10,且不同时取0。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,有效成分为己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯的组合;己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸叶醇酯和丁酸丁酯的质量比为10:10:5:5-50:50:20:10。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述辅料为溶解或稀释有效成分的辅料、负载有效成分的辅料、使有效成分方便使用的辅料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述辅料包括溶剂、惰性载体、挥发助剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述辅料包括液体石蜡、滤纸、复合橡胶诱芯载体、固体乙醇等。
7.一种提高桃小食心虫繁殖的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将羽化后的成虫按照一定的雌雄比例放入饲养器皿内,按容积加入权利要求1-6中任一所述的提高桃小食心虫产卵的组合物,使其交配产卵;
所述组合物中有效成分的加入量为0.125μg/L-1.25μg/L。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述雌雄比例为1:(1-1.5)。
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CN101066096A (zh) * | 2007-03-30 | 2007-11-07 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | 桔小实蝇幼虫的人工饲料 |
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CN101066096A (zh) * | 2007-03-30 | 2007-11-07 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | 桔小实蝇幼虫的人工饲料 |
CN101928656A (zh) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-29 | 葛庆有 | 浓香型青稞酒酿造方法及其浓香型青稞酒 |
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