CN116267924A - 一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂，寄生蜂的引诱剂包括如下重量份原料，茉莉酮5‑10份、(E)‑3‑己烯醇8‑15份、3‑辛酮3‑8份、乙酸叶醇酯5‑10份、6‑甲基‑5‑庚烯‑2‑酮3‑10份、(E)‑β‑法尼烯5‑15份、芳樟醇8‑20份、2,6‑二甲基‑3,7‑辛二烯)‑2,6‑二醇5‑12份、卡拉胶8‑18份、水15‑30份。本发明属于寄生蜂引诱剂技术领域，一种无副作用、经济性能好、无害化的茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂及其制备方法，能够实现多种类寄生蜂引诱能力的同时，引诱茶谷蛾天敌寄生蜂小腹茧蜂亚科choeras.sp.。于5月下旬使用引诱剂，每15天更换一次诱芯，可在当年7月下旬显著降低茶谷蛾幼虫虫口数量，能够减少防控茶谷蛾化学农药的使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于寄生蜂引诱剂技术领域，尤其涉及一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在自然界中，为防御植食性昆虫的危害，虫害植物会释放虫害诱导的挥发性化合物，作为“求救”信号，引诱天敌，从而间接防御害虫。茶树是重要的经济作物，在生长过程中易遭受多种害虫为害，长期依靠化学防治，会导致茶叶农残超标，必须开拓绿色的防控途径，例如，小贯小绿叶蝉是茶区为害最严重的害虫之一，而叶蝉三棒缨小蜂是其卵寄生蜂，对产于嫩茎中的叶蝉卵的寄生率较高，跟随效应显著，可以有效的防御小贯小绿叶蝉。
传统的寄生蜂引诱剂其成分为多种挥发物混合，虽然可以起到引诱的效果，却会影响茶树本身挥发物对寄生蜂的引诱能力，且会影响茶树茶叶本身的生长，而茶叶作为茶树的经济产物，其本身的味道直接影响产品的口感，而随着科学种植理念的发展，人们能够提取天然植物的挥发物制成引诱剂，为此，我们提出利用茶树挥发物为主要成分制成的引诱剂，从而实现提高对寄生蜂的引诱效果、达到更好的防虫害作用的同时，不会对茶树本身造成影响。
茶谷蛾(Agriophara rhombata Meyr.)是我国茶园危害严重的害虫，通常在每年4-10月发生危害，抗药性强，严重爆发年份可致茶叶减产50％以上。经过调查分析，小腹茧蜂亚科choeras.sp.是茶谷蛾的天敌寄生蜂，通常在茶谷蛾幼虫期寄生于体内，能够降低茶谷蛾幼虫的取食能力，从而降低虫口数量。利用引诱剂能够有效的将距离较远的寄生蜂聚集，达到杀虫的作用。
发明内容
针对上述情况，为克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种无副作用、经济性能好、无害化的茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂及其制备方法，实现提高对寄生蜂引诱能力的同时，不会影响茶树本身的生长，更不会影响茶树产物茶叶味道的变化。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂，包括如下重量份的挥发物，茉莉酮5-10份、(E)-3-己烯醇8-15份、3-辛酮3-8份、乙酸叶醇酯5-10份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮3-10份、(E)-β-法尼烯5-15份、芳樟醇8-20份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇5-12份、卡拉胶8-18份、水15-30份。
本发明茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂优选的重量配比为：茉莉酮7-8份、(E)-3-己烯醇10-12份、3-辛酮5-7份、乙酸叶醇酯6-8份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮5-8份、(E)-β-法尼烯8-12份、芳樟醇12-15份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇7-9、卡拉胶10-15、水18-26份。
本发明茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂最佳的重量配比为：茉莉酮7份、(E)-3-己烯醇11份、3-辛酮6份、乙酸叶醇酯7份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6份、(E)-β-法尼烯10份、芳樟醇13份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇8、卡拉胶12、水22份。
本发明茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂的制备方法是：
步骤一：按照重量份配比取茉莉酮7份、(E)-3-己烯醇11份、3-辛酮6份、乙酸叶醇酯7份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6份、(E)-β-法尼烯10份、芳樟醇13份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇8、卡拉胶12、水22份备用。
步骤二：将(E)-3-己烯醇和3-辛酮利用离心搅拌机混合均匀；
步骤三：将乙酸叶醇酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮混合；
步骤四：向乙酸叶醇酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮混合物内加入部分水，并搅拌混合；
步骤五：向剩余的水内加入卡拉胶并充分搅拌；
步骤六：将步骤一制得的(E)-3-己烯醇和3-辛酮混合物加入步骤五内制得的水和卡拉胶溶剂内；
步骤七：将剩余的茉莉酮、(E)-β-法尼烯、芳樟醇、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇依次接入步骤六制得的混合物内；
步骤八：将步骤四制备的乙酸叶醇酯、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和水的混合物加入步骤七制得的混合物内，并充分混合。
进一步地，步骤四所述的乙酸叶醇酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮混合物在与水混合后的浓度为40％。
进一步地，以上步骤均在常温状态下制备。
采用上述技术方案后，本发明有益效果如下：本发明一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂，挥发物的组成复杂、释放量大，能够有效的诱导寄生蜂并进行寄主定位，可使寄生蜂更加及时、精准地搜寻到茶谷蛾的幼虫，且制备的主要成分为茶树本身具有的挥发物，可以有效的减少挥发物对茶叶本身气味、口感的影响，避免因引诱剂导致茶叶质量降低的问题。
附图说明
图1为本实施例中3种引诱剂对茶园中寄生蜂的诱集数量及差异图；
图2为本实施例中摘取的部分被寄生的茶谷蛾幼虫及寄生蜂茧。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例；基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
实施例1:不同配比的引诱剂配置
引诱剂1配制：茉莉酮5份、(E)-3-己烯醇8份、3-辛酮3份、乙酸叶醇酯5份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮3份、(E)-β-法尼烯5份、芳樟醇8份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇5份、卡拉胶8份、水15份；
引诱剂2配制：茉莉酮10份、(E)-3-己烯醇15份、3-辛酮8份、乙酸叶醇酯10份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮10份、(E)-β-法尼烯15份、芳樟醇20份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇12份、卡拉胶18份、水30份；
引诱剂3配制：茉莉酮7份、(E)-3-己烯醇11份、3-辛酮6份、乙酸叶醇酯7份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6份、(E)-β-法尼烯10份、芳樟醇13份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇8、卡拉胶12、水22份；
具体使用时，本发明茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂制备时需要配合搅拌混合机，具体的制备步骤如下：
步骤一：将(E)-3-己烯醇和3-辛酮利用离心搅拌机混合均匀；
步骤二：将乙酸叶醇酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮混合；
步骤三：向乙酸叶醇酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮混合物内加入部分水，并搅拌混合；
步骤四：向剩余的水内加入卡拉胶并充分搅拌；
步骤五：将步骤一制得的(E)-3-己烯醇和3-辛酮混合物加入步骤五内制得的水和卡拉胶溶剂内；
步骤六：将剩余的茉莉酮、(E)-β-法尼烯、芳樟醇、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇依次接入步骤六制得的混合物内；
步骤七：将步骤四制备的乙酸叶醇酯、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和水的混合物加入步骤七制得的混合物内，并充分混合。
实施例2：田间引诱寄生蜂试验
试验方法：以纯水为对照组，按照引诱剂1、2、3配置寄生蜂引诱剂作为试验组。分别吸取正己烷、各配比引诱剂200μL置于1个橡皮头中部凹槽内，制成试验用诱芯，4℃保存备用。2022年5月18日，选取云南省勐海县一片同一种植品种的台地茶园，将制备好的橡皮头分别放置在一块白色粘板上(25cm×30cm)，粘板水平放置在茶梢上方20cm处。试验组加对照组共4组，每组10个重复，共计放置40块粘板，每块间距10米。5天后统计粘板上寄生蜂数量。
结果与分析：如图1，与对照相比，3种引诱剂在茶园中均具有显著的引诱寄生蜂的作用。3种引诱剂诱集寄生蜂的种类一致，共诱集了3种寄生蜂，利用通用引物COI基因测序分析表明，3种寄生蜂分别为姬蜂科Pimpla aequalis、小腹茧蜂亚科choeras.sp.、小蜂科Brachymeria lasus。可以确定3种引诱剂配比都能够引诱小腹茧蜂亚科choeras.sp.，故可作为茶谷蛾天敌寄生蜂引诱剂。
实施例3：茶谷蛾虫口数量统计
试验方法：以纯水为对照组，按照引诱剂1、2、3配置寄生蜂引诱剂作为试验组。分别吸取正己烷、各配比引诱剂200μL置于1个橡皮头中部凹槽内，制成试验用诱芯，4℃保存备用。2022年5月19日，为保证试验组间互不影响，选取云南省勐海县4处茶谷蛾幼虫分布密度无显著差异且远离实例2的同一种植品种的台地茶园。每处茶地取4个小区调查试验地茶谷蛾幼虫的分布密度，每个小区1m2，将制备好的橡皮头分别放置在茶梢上方20cm处，每隔15天更换一次诱芯。根据该虫害的发生规律，60天后再次调查茶谷蛾幼虫分布情况，进行组间对比。
结果与分析：如表1，试验前4处茶地中茶谷蛾幼虫每平方米分布数量无显著差异(P＞0.05)。60天后调查茶谷蛾幼虫分布密度，放置3种寄生蜂引诱剂的茶园中茶谷蛾幼虫数量显著下降(P＜0.05)，3种配比引诱剂组间无显著差异，并且如图2为茶园中收集的部分茶谷蛾幼虫被寄生的蜂茧。可以确定3种寄生蜂引诱剂能够显著降低茶谷蛾幼虫的数量。
表1试验前后单位面积茶谷蛾幼虫分布数量
注：同一行中带有不同小写字母的数值之间具有显著差异。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示，在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下，不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂，其特征在于：包括如下重量份的挥发物，茉莉酮5-10份、(E)-3-己烯醇8-15份、3-辛酮3-8份、乙酸叶醇酯5-10份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮3-10份、(E)-β-法尼烯5-15份、芳樟醇8-20份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇5-12份、卡拉胶8-18份、水15-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂，其特征在于：茉莉酮7-8份、(E)-3-己烯醇10-12份、3-辛酮5-7份、乙酸叶醇酯6-8份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮5-8份、(E)-β-法尼烯8-12份、芳樟醇12-15份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇7-9、卡拉胶10-15、水18-26份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂，其特征在于：茉莉酮7份、(E)-3-己烯醇11份、3-辛酮6份、乙酸叶醇酯7份、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6份、(E)-β-法尼烯10份、芳樟醇13份、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇8、卡拉胶12、水22份。
4.一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
步骤一：按照重量份配比取备用。
步骤二：将(E)-3-己烯醇和3-辛酮利用离心搅拌机混合均匀；
步骤三：将乙酸叶醇酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮混合；
步骤四：向乙酸叶醇酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮混合物内加入部分水，并搅拌混合；
步骤五：向剩余的水内加入卡拉胶并充分搅拌；
步骤六：将步骤一制得的(E)-3-己烯醇和3-辛酮混合物加入步骤五内制得的水和卡拉胶溶剂内；
步骤七：将剩余的茉莉酮、(E)-β-法尼烯、芳樟醇、2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯)-2,6-二醇依次接入步骤六制得的混合物内；
步骤八：将步骤四制备的乙酸叶醇酯、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和水的混合物加入步骤七制得的混合物内，并充分混合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种茶树除害虫茶谷蛾用寄生蜂引诱剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤四所述的乙酸叶醇酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮混合物在与水混合后的浓度为40％。
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