CN116015555A - Active-passive reciprocal transmission method, device and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a device and a system for active-passive reciprocal transmission, belonging to the field of active-passive symbiotic communication, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting environment signals, and determining a modulation mode according to the number of the active transmitting end antennas and the number of the receiving end antennas; dividing an environment signal into K groups of first information bits according to a modulation mode, and dividing a passive transmitting end antenna unit into K groups of antenna subunits; the K groups of antenna subunits utilize a modulation mode to carry out modulation coding on K groups of first information bits and T-1 variants of each group of first information bits; and receiving the second information bit sent by the active transmitting end, synchronizing the first information bit or the variant after modulation and coding with the second information bit by each antenna subunit, carrying the first information bit or the variant on the second information bit, obtaining a third information bit, and transmitting the third information bit to the receiving end in a reflection way. The method can realize reciprocal communication between the active transmitting end and the passive transmitting end, and can transmit passive link information while enhancing the reliability of the active link.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of active-passive symbiotic communication, and particularly relates to an active-passive reciprocal transmission method, device and system.
Background
The intelligent reflecting surface can dynamically reflect and transmit incident electromagnetic wave signals or transmit the incident electromagnetic wave signals to a specific direction according to real-time setting phases by utilizing electromagnetic characteristics of the metamaterial units, so that intelligent regulation and control of electromagnetic environment are realized, and the intelligent reflecting surface is an important way for realizing high-speed and low-power consumption passive communication. The intelligent reflecting surface can be connected with peripheral equipment such as a sensor and the like, and sensor information is carried while incident signals are regulated and controlled. In the process, the active transmission provides a carrier and energy for the passive transmission, and the passive transmission enhances the active communication performance by regulating and controlling the phase of the active signal, providing multipath and the like, so as to form a reciprocal symbiotic relationship.
In the prior art, passive signals are transmitted by regulating and controlling the on-off state of the intelligent reflecting surface unit, and passive beam forming is carried out on active signals by utilizing different reflection coefficients, so that active and passive reciprocal transmission enabled by the intelligent reflecting surface is realized. However, the alternating optimization algorithm using the maximized condition mutual information does not consider the modulation scheme of the intelligent reflecting surface, and the number of activated antenna units is different in each time slot, so that the active signal transmission rate is unstable; only a single antenna can be activated by index modulation or spatial modulation, and as the number of transmitting antennas or intelligent reflector elements increases, the symbol rate increases logarithmically, and the spectral efficiency of the system is limited. In addition, the space-time coding assisted intelligent reflecting surface system reduces the symbol rate while introducing diversity gain, and the coding complexity in high-order modulation is increased by adopting the coding mode. In the existing research, the modulation mode of the passive signal is limited, so that the passive transmission data rate is low, and the efficient modulation mode aiming at intelligent reflection surface communication needs to be further developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides an active-passive reciprocal transmission method, an active-passive reciprocal transmission device and an active-passive reciprocal transmission system, which aim to realize reciprocal communication between an active transmitting end and a passive transmitting end and simultaneously transmit passive link information while enhancing the reliability of an active link.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active-passive reciprocal transmission method for a passive transmitting terminal, the method comprising: s1, collecting environmental signals, and determining a modulation mode according to the number of active transmitting end antennas and the number of receiving end antennas; s2, dividing the environment signal into K groups of first information bits according to the modulation mode, and dividing the antenna unit of the passive transmitting end into K groups of antenna subunits, wherein K is more than 1; s3, modulating and encoding K groups of first information bits and T-1 variants of each group of first information bits by using the modulation mode by the K groups of antenna subunits, wherein the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit is determined by the first information bits and the modulation mode, and the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit in the same time slot is equal, and T is more than 1; s4, receiving a second information bit sent by the active transmitting end, synchronizing the first information bit or the first information bit variation after modulation and coding with the second information bit by each antenna subunit in T time slots, and carrying the first information bit or the first information bit variation on the second information bit to obtain a third information bit and transmitting the third information bit to the receiving end in a reflection mode.
Further, in the step S1, determining the modulation mode according to the number of active transmitting end antennas and the number of receiving end antennas includes: when the number of the active transmitting end antennas is smaller than a set value and the number of the receiving end antennas is 1, setting the modulation mode as a first modulation mode; when the number of the active transmitting end antennas is smaller than the set value and the number of the receiving end antennas is larger than 1, setting the modulation mode as a second modulation mode; and setting the modulation mode as a third modulation mode when the number of the active transmitting end antennas is not smaller than the set value.
Further, the first modulation mode is Alamouti-space modulation, the second modulation mode is orthogonal space-time code-space modulation, and the third modulation mode is near-orthogonal space-time code-space modulation.
Further, in the step S4, when it is detected that the energy of the second information bit exceeds the energy threshold, each antenna subunit synchronizes the first information bit or the first information bit variation after modulation encoding with the second information bit in T time slots, and enables a control signal to carry the synchronized first information bit or first information bit variation on the second information bit, so as to obtain a third information bit and transmit the third information bit in a reflection manner to the receiving end.
Further, in a single time slot, the number of bits of information bits transmitted by each of the antenna subunits in S4 is: the evolution of the reflection coefficient of the antenna subunit; the total data rate of the reflection transmission in S4 is: the constellation symbols within a single slot transmit the sum of the bits and each set of index bits.
Further, after the third information bit is reflected to the receiving end, the receiving end decodes the second information bit first and then decodes the first information bit.
Further, the error rate performance during the reflection transmission in S4 is:
wherein, P () is bit error rate, used for representing a group of probability of data transmission error in a single time slot; i is the antenna subunit index; Θ is the first information bit;
indexing the estimated values for the antenna sub-units; />
Estimating a value for the first information bit; y is a received signal; g is a combined channel among the active transmitting end, the passive transmitting end and the receiving end; q () is a complementary cumulative distribution function; σ is the noise power.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active-passive reciprocal transmission device for a passive transmitting terminal, the device comprising: the collecting module is used for collecting environmental signals and determining a modulation mode according to the number of the active transmitting end antennas and the number of the receiving end antennas; the dividing module is used for dividing the environment signal into K groups of first information bits according to the modulation mode, and dividing the antenna unit of the passive transmitting end into K groups of antenna subunits, wherein K is more than 1; the modulation coding module is used for enabling K groups of antenna subunits to carry out modulation coding on K groups of first information bits and T-1 variants of each group of first information bits by utilizing the modulation mode, the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit is determined by the first information bits and the modulation mode, and the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit in the same time slot is equal, and T is more than 1; and the passive transmission module is used for receiving the second information bit sent by the active transmitting end, and each antenna subunit synchronizes the first information bit or the first information bit variation after modulation and coding with the second information bit in T time slots, and is carried on the second information bit to obtain a third information bit and transmit the third information bit to the receiving end in a reflection way.
Still further, the modulation coding module includes: the multi-bit switch module is used for selecting the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit according to the first information bit and the modulation mode; and the reflection coefficient adjusting module is used for realizing the reflection coefficient selected by the multi-bit switch module.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active-passive reciprocal transmission system including an active transmitting end, a passive transmitting end and a receiving end; the active transmitting terminal is used for transmitting second information bits; the passive transmitting terminal is used for executing the active-passive reciprocal transmission method so as to carry the first information bit or the first information bit variant on the second information bit, obtain the third information bit and transmit the third information bit in a reflection way; the receiving end is configured to receive the third information bit and decode the received third information bit.
In general, through the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) The method combines space modulation and space-time coding, combines signals into a space-time code block for transmission after space modulation, realizes the equalization of multiplexing gain and diversity gain, and reduces coding complexity while avoiding the defects of the multiplexing gain and the diversity gain; in addition, different modulation schemes are provided for the situation that the number of the antennas of the active transmitting end and the receiving end is changed, so that lower error rates can be realized in different scenes;
(2) The passive transmitting end transmits the passive information while reflecting the active information, and the passive information is carried on the active information for transmission, so that the reciprocal communication between the active transmitting end and the passive transmitting end is realized, the data rate is effectively improved, and the error rate is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an active-passive reciprocal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a modulation scheme in an active-passive reciprocal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of an active-passive reciprocal transmission method and a conventional active communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a comparison chart of theoretical results and simulation results of an active-passive reciprocal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of an active-passive reciprocal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of an active-passive reciprocal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
In the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an active-passive reciprocal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, in conjunction with fig. 2-4 and fig. 6, the active-passive reciprocal transmission method in this embodiment is described in detail, and the method includes operations S1-S4.
S1, collecting environment signals, and determining a modulation mode according to the number of the active transmitting end antennas and the number of the receiving end antennas.
The environmental signal is, for example, temperature/pressure sensor data, channel state information, etc. The passive transmitting end converts the collected environmental signals into 1-bit digital signals and stores the 1-bit digital signals.
Further, the passive transmitting end determines the modulation mode of the environmental signal. Specifically, when the number of the active transmitting end antennas is smaller than a set value and the number of the receiving end antennas is 1, setting a modulation mode as a first modulation mode; when the number of the active transmitting end antennas is smaller than a set value and the number of the receiving end antennas is larger than 1, setting a modulation mode as a second modulation mode; and when the number of the active transmitting end antennas is not smaller than the set value, setting the modulation mode as a third modulation mode.
Preferably, the first modulation scheme is Alamouti-spatial modulation. In the first modulation mode, when r=1/2, the passive transmitting terminal antenna unit is divided into two parts and respectively transmits two groups of spatially modulated information bits, and transmits codeword S 2/2 Is configured such that, in a first time slot, first through N S Transmitting a first group of information bits x by 2 antenna elements 1 (N) S 2+1) to Nth S Variants in which the antenna elements transmit a second set of information bits
In the second time slot, the first to the N S Transmitting a second group of information bits x by 2 antenna elements 2 (N) S 2+1) to Nth S Variant +.>
Preferably, the second modulation mode is orthogonal space-time code-space modulation. Under the second modulation method, when r=3/4, the passive transmitting terminal antenna is divided into four parts and respectively transmits three groups of spatially modulated information bits, and the codeword S is transmitted 3/4 Is configured such that, in a first time slot, first through N S Transmission of a first group of information bits x by 4 antenna elements 1 (N) S 4+1) to Nth S Transmitting a second group of information bits x by 2 antenna elements 2 First, the(N S 2+1) to 3N S Transmitting a third group of information bits x by/4 antenna elements 3 (3N) S 4+1) to Nth S Transmitting a matrix with a codeword of 0 by each antenna unit; in the second time slot, the first to the N S Variant of transmitting a second set of information bits by/4 antenna elements
(N) S 4+1) to Nth S 2 antenna elements transmitting the first group of information bits +.>
(N) S 2+1) to 3N S Matrix with 0/4 antenna elements transmitting codeword (3N S 4+1) to Nth S Transmitting a third group of information bits x by the antenna elements 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the third time slot, the first to the N S Variant +.4 antenna elements transmitting the third set of information bits>
(N) S 4+1) to Nth S Matrix with 0/2 antenna elements transmitting codeword (N S 2+1) to 3N S Variant +.4 antenna elements transmitting the first group of information bits>
(3N) S 4+1) to Nth S Transmitting a second group of information bits x by the antenna elements 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the fourth time slot, the first to the N S Matrix with 0/4 antenna elements transmitting codeword (N S 4+1) to Nth S Variable +.2 antenna elements for transmitting a third set of information bits>
(N) S 2+1) to 3N S Variant of transmitting a second set of information bits by/4 antenna elements
(3N) S 4+1) to Nth S Variant-x of transmitting a first group of information bits by an antenna element 1 。
Preferably, the third modulation scheme is near-orthogonal space-time code-space modulation. Under the third modulation method, when r=4/4, the passive transmitting antenna is divided into four parts and transmits four groups of spatially modulated information bits respectively, and the codeword S is transmitted 4/4 Is configured such that, in a first time slot, first through N S Transmission of a first group of information bits x by 4 antenna elements 1 (N) S 4+1) to Nth S Transmitting a second group of information bits x by 2 antenna elements 2 (N) S 2+1) to 3N S Variable x for transmitting a third set of information bits by/4 antenna elements 3 e jf (3N) S 4+1) to Nth S Variant x for transmitting a fourth set of information bits by an antenna element 4 e jf The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the second time slot, the first to the N T Variant of transmitting a second set of information bits by/4 antenna elements
(N) S 4+1) to Nth S 2 antenna elements for transmitting the variant +.>
(N) S 2+1) to 3N S Variant of transmitting a fourth set of information bits by/4 antenna elements
(3N) S 4+1) to Nth S Variant +.>
In the third time slot, the first to the N S Variant +.4 antenna elements transmitting the third set of information bits>
(N) S 4+1) to Nth S Variable +.2 antenna elements for transmitting the fourth group of information bits>
(N) S 2+1) to 3N S Variant +.4 antenna elements transmitting the first group of information bits>
(3N) S 4+1) to Nth S Variant +.>
In the fourth time slot, the first to the N S Variant x of transmitting a fourth set of information bits by/4 antenna elements 4 e jf (N) S 4+1) to Nth S Variant-x of transmitting a third set of information bits by/2 antenna elements 3 e jf (N) S 2+1) to 3N S Variant-x of transmitting a second set of information bits by/4 antenna elements 2 (3N) S 4+1) to Nth S The first group of information bits x is transmitted by the antenna unit 1 。
And S2, dividing the environment signal into K groups of first information bits according to a modulation mode, and dividing the antenna unit of the passive transmitting end into K groups of antenna subunits, wherein K is more than 1.
Dividing the environmental signal into K groups according to the selected modulation mode, wherein each group comprises the bit number B/K, and B is the bit number of the environmental signal.
Mapping the B-bit ambient signal into K spatial modulation symbols (i.e. first information bits), the K-th spatial modulation symbol having a length of B k The number of ambient signal bits is satisfied to be equal to the sum of the k spatial modulation symbol lengths. Dividing a kth spatial modulation symbol into two parts, wherein the first part is represented by M-point quadrature amplitude modulation or frequency shift keying; the second part is denoted as antenna element index.
Further, the operation S2 further includes: the passive transmitting end controls the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit according to the collected environmental signals. The passive transmitting terminal includes N S The number of the antenna units in the horizontal direction is A, and the antenna units are verticalThe number of straight antenna elements is B. Let U a,b Representing the antenna element of row a, column b, U a,b Is of reflection coefficient Γ a,b Can be expressed as the reflection amplitude V a,b Phase shift with
Is a product of (a) and (b). The passive transmitting end transmits complex signals by controlling the angle and amplitude of each antenna element. Antenna unit U a,b Signal reflected to the first receiving antenna +.>
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,,
for antenna unit U a,b Channel to the first receiving antenna, p is the transmit power of each antenna element, x a,b For ambient signal, ++>
Obeying rayleigh fading, wherein->
For each antenna element phase shift, ψ a,b Is a channel parameter.
Further, the operation S2 further includes: the passive transmitting end antenna unit is divided into K groups of antenna subunits, and the reflection coefficients of each group of antenna subunits in the same time slot are the same.
And S3, modulating and encoding the K groups of first information bits and T-1 variants of each group of first information bits by using a modulation mode by the K groups of antenna subunits, wherein the reflection coefficients of the antenna subunits are determined by the first information bits and the modulation mode, and the reflection coefficients of the antenna subunits in a slot are equal and T is more than 1.
Each group of first information bits is spatially modulated and space-time coded using the selected modulation scheme. For specific modulation and coding methods, reference is made to modulation and coding in three different modulation methods in operation S1. Each group of modulated first information bits is represented as:
wherein x is k For the kth group of first information bits, q k Is x k Active transmit antenna index, n S For the number of transmitting terminal antenna sub-units, s k In order to transmit the symbol,
is a set of constellation symbols. The K groups of first information bits form a space-time code block, which is transmitted in T time slots, the transmission data rate being denoted r=k/T.
And S4, receiving a second information bit sent by the active transmitting end, synchronizing the first information bit or the first information bit variation after modulation and coding with the second information bit by each antenna subunit in T time slots, and carrying the first information bit or the first information bit variation on the second information bit to obtain a third information bit and transmitting the third information bit to the receiving end in a reflection way.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, in operation S4, when it is detected that the energy of the second information bit exceeds the energy threshold, each antenna subunit synchronizes the first information bit or the first information bit variation after modulation encoding with the second information bit in T time slots, and enables the control signal to carry the synchronized first information bit or first information bit variation on the second information bit, so as to obtain a third information bit and transmit the third information bit in a reflection manner to the receiving end.
In operation S4, the number of bits of information bits transmitted by each antenna subunit is: and the reflection coefficient of the antenna subunit is square. The total data rate of the reflection transmission is: the constellation symbols within a single slot transmit the sum of the bits and each set of index bits. Wherein, the number of bits M of each group of constellation symbols is at most:
wherein L is the number of reflection coefficients of the passive transmitting end antenna unit.
Referring to fig. 6, the active transmitting end encodes and transmits second information bits, which can be transmitted through a direct link, which is an active transmitting end-to-receiving end link, and a reflective link, which is an active transmitting end-to-passive transmitting end-to-receiving end link. The passive transmitting terminal detects the second information bit, has an energy threshold, enables the control signal by the passive transmitting terminal, and synchronizes the first information bit or the first information bit variation with the second information bit. The passive transmitting terminal carries the first information bit or the first information bit variant on the second information bit and transmits the first information bit or the first information bit variant to the receiving terminal. The receiving end receives the coupling signal, decodes the first information bit or the first information bit variant according to the first information bit pilot frequency, and decodes the second information bit according to the known first information bit. The overall reciprocal transmission process of the active transmitting end, the passive transmitting end and the receiving end is shown in fig. 2. After the third information bit is reflected to the receiving end, the receiving end decodes the second information bit first and then decodes the first information bit.
Preferably, when the passive transmitting end selects the first modulation mode, the receiving signal y on the first receiving antenna l Expressed as:
wherein,,
for first to N S Channel set of 2 antenna elements, +.>
Is the (N) S 2+1) to N S Channel set of individual antenna elements, n l Is noise.
Preferably, when the passive transmitting end selects the second modulation mode, the received signal on the first receiving antenna is expressed as:
wherein,,
for first to N S Channel set of/4 antenna elements, +.>
Is the (N) S 4+1) to N S Channel set of 2 antenna elements, +.>
Is the (N) S 2+1) to 3N S Channel set of/4 antenna elements, +.>
Is (3N) S 4+1) to N S Channel set of individual antenna elements, n l Is noise.
Preferably, when the passive transmitting end selects the third modulation mode, the received signal on the first receiving antenna is expressed as:
wherein,,
for first to N S Channel set of/4 antenna elements, +.>
Is the (N) S 4+1) to N S Channel set of 2 antenna elements, +.>
Is the (N) S 2+1) to 3N S Channel set of/4 antenna elements, +.>
Is (3N) S 4+1) to N S Channel set of individual antenna elements, n l Is noise.
With the increase of the number of antenna units, the number of antennas, the modulation order and the code rate of the passive transmitting end, the calculation cost of the high-complexity ML detector becomes unacceptable, so that the theoretical value result of the upper limit of the average error rate (Average Bit Error Probability, ABEP) is adopted as the reference of the design of the low-complexity detector. The error rate performance in the reflection transmission in operation S4 is:
wherein, P () is bit error rate, used for representing a group of probability of data transmission error in a single time slot; i is the antenna subunit index; Θ is a first information bit;
indexing the estimated values for the antenna sub-units; />
Estimating a value for the first information bit; y is a received signal; g is a combined channel among the active transmitting end, the passive transmitting end and the receiving end; q () is a complementary cumulative distribution function; σ is the noise power.
Example two
The embodiment of the invention also provides an active-passive reciprocal transmission method which is used for a system formed by the active transmitting end, the passive transmitting end and the receiving end, and the method comprises the operation S1 '-operation S2'.
Operation S1': the passive transmitting end collects environmental signals and adjusts the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit according to the environmental signals. Preferably, when the passive transmitting end selects the first modulation mode, the mapping from the environmental signal codeword to the reflection coefficient is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In the present embodiment, let θ s E, F represents the reflection coefficient of the first antenna unit, wherein F is a feasible set of reflection angles, the phase shift matrix of the passive transmitting end is approximately represented as a diagonal matrix, and the diagonal element is the reflection phase of each antenna unit.
Operation S2': the passive transmitting end detects the second information bit and transmits the first information bit or the first information bit variant to the receiving end.
Consider a device with N T Transmitting antenna and N R A downlink MIMO transmission system of a receiving antenna, an active transmitting end transmits PSK/QAM modulation information, a passive transmitting end transmits space-time coded and spatially modulated information, and a second information bit is defined as
The transmission signal of the t th transmitting antenna is x t . The passive transmitting end detects the energy of the second information bit. Assuming that the passive transmitting end detects that the energy p' of the second information bit is larger than the detection energy threshold +.>
The passive transmitting end performs synchronous operation, reflects the second information bit and transmits the first information bit. The incident signal of the first antenna element is denoted +.>
Transmitting the t th transmitting antenna to the antenna unit U a,b The channel of (2) is denoted +.>
Channel H from active transmitting end to passive transmitting end r Is h t.l Set of->
For the kth time slot, the received signal y of the first receive antenna l Expressed as:
the receiving end detects the first information bit (or first information bit variant) and the second information bit, respectively, with a maximum likelihood detector. Finally, the average pair error probability of the system consisting of the passive transmitting end, the active transmitting end and the receiving end is as follows:
wherein,,
is the average pair error probability; i is the antenna index; />
Estimating a value for an antenna index; s is a first information bit; />
A decoding result for the first information bit; sigma is noise power; gamma is an intermediate parameter; n (N) R The number of the antennas at the receiving end; h d The channel between the active transmitting end and the passive transmitting end and the receiving end is adopted; delta is S and->
A difference between; f (f) γ () As a matrix function.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the present inventionA comparison of active-passive reciprocal transmission methods with conventional active communication methods. The number of the antenna units of the passive transmitting end is 64, and the number of the transmitting antennas of the active transmitting end is 8. The passive transmit end antenna elements are grouped to transmit symbols. The code rates of Alamouti-space modulation, orthogonal space-time coding-space modulation and near-orthogonal space-time coding-space modulation schemes are respectively 1/2, 3/4 and 4/4. Compared with the traditional active communication method, the active-passive reciprocal transmission method in the embodiment reaches 10 in ABER -5 A performance gain of greater than 7dB is achieved. Further, the near-orthogonal space-time coding-spatial modulation scheme has a performance gain of 2dB compared to the orthogonal space-time coding-spatial modulation scheme.
Fig. 4 is a comparison chart of theoretical results and simulation results of an active-passive reciprocal transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and compares the simulation results with a theoretical upper limit of an average pair error probability description. The code rate is set to 3/4, the number of passive transmitting end antenna units is 64, and the number of receiving end antennas is 1. Under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio, the simulation result is consistent with the theoretical upper limit trend, and an effective reference basis is provided for the design of a low-complexity detector in the future.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an active-passive reciprocal transmission device according to an embodiment of the invention. The active/passive reciprocal transmission device 500 is used for passive transmitting end, referring to fig. 5, the active/passive reciprocal transmission device 500 includes a collecting module 510, a dividing module 520, a modulation coding module 530, and a passive transmission module 540.
The collecting module 510, for example, performs operation S1, for collecting the environmental signal, and determines the modulation mode according to the number of active transmitting end antennas and the number of receiving end antennas.
The dividing module 520 performs, for example, operation S2, for dividing the environmental signal into K groups of first information bits according to the modulation scheme, and dividing the passive transmitting antenna unit into K groups of antenna subunits, where K > 1.
The modulation and coding module 530 performs, for example, operation S3, for enabling K groups of antenna subunits to perform modulation and coding on K groups of first information bits and T-1 variants of each group of first information bits by using a modulation scheme, where the reflection coefficients of the antenna subunits are determined by the first information bits and the modulation scheme, and the reflection coefficients of the antenna subunits in the same time slot are equal, and T > 1.
The passive transmission module 540 performs, for example, operation S4, for receiving the second information bit sent by the active transmitting end, and each antenna subunit synchronizes the first information bit or the first information bit variation after modulation encoding with the second information bit in T time slots, and carries the first information bit and the second information bit on the second information bit, so as to obtain a third information bit and transmit the third information bit to the receiving end in a reflection manner.
The modulation coding module 530 includes: the multi-bit switch module is used for selecting the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit according to the first information bit and the modulation mode; and the reflection coefficient adjusting module is used for realizing the reflection coefficient selected by the multi-position switch module.
The active-passive reciprocal transmission device 500 is used for executing the active-passive reciprocal transmission method in the above-described embodiment. For details of this embodiment, please refer to the active-passive reciprocal transmission method in the foregoing embodiment, which is not described herein.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of an active-passive reciprocal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 6, the active-passive reciprocal transmission system includes an active transmitting end, a passive transmitting end and a receiving end.
The active transmitting terminal is used for transmitting the second information bit. The passive transmitting terminal is configured to execute the active-passive reciprocal transmission method in the above embodiment, so as to carry the first information bit or the first information bit variant on the second information bit, obtain the third information bit, and transmit the third information bit in a reflective manner. The receiving end is used for receiving the third information bit and decoding the received third information bit.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An active-passive reciprocal transmission method for a passive transmitting terminal is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting environmental signals, and determining a modulation mode according to the number of active transmitting end antennas and the number of receiving end antennas;
s2, dividing the environment signal into K groups of first information bits according to the modulation mode, and dividing the antenna unit of the passive transmitting end into K groups of antenna subunits, wherein K is more than 1;
s3, modulating and encoding K groups of first information bits and T-1 variants of each group of first information bits by using the modulation mode by the K groups of antenna subunits, wherein the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit is determined by the first information bits and the modulation mode, and the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit in the same time slot is equal, and T is more than 1;
s4, receiving a second information bit sent by the active transmitting end, synchronizing the first information bit or the first information bit variation after modulation and coding with the second information bit by each antenna subunit in T time slots, and carrying the first information bit or the first information bit variation on the second information bit to obtain a third information bit and transmitting the third information bit to the receiving end in a reflection mode.
2. The active-passive reciprocal transmission method as in claim 1, wherein the determining the modulation scheme in S1 according to the number of active transmitting side antennas and the number of receiving side antennas includes:
when the number of the active transmitting end antennas is smaller than a set value and the number of the receiving end antennas is 1, setting the modulation mode as a first modulation mode;
when the number of the active transmitting end antennas is smaller than the set value and the number of the receiving end antennas is larger than 1, setting the modulation mode as a second modulation mode;
and setting the modulation mode as a third modulation mode when the number of the active transmitting end antennas is not smaller than the set value.
3. The active-passive reciprocal transmission method of claim 2, wherein the first modulation scheme is Alamouti-space modulation, the second modulation scheme is orthogonal space-time code-space modulation, and the third modulation scheme is near-orthogonal space-time code-space modulation.
4. The active-passive reciprocal transmission method as recited in claim 1, wherein in S4, when detecting that the energy of the second information bit exceeds the energy threshold, each antenna subunit synchronizes the first information bit or the first information bit variation after modulation encoding with the second information bit in T time slots, and enables a control signal to carry the synchronized first information bit or first information bit variation on the second information bit, thereby obtaining a third information bit and transmitting the third information bit in a reflection manner to the receiving end.
5. The active-passive reciprocal transmission method of claim 1, wherein the number of information bits transmitted by each of the antenna subunits in S4 in a single time slot is: the evolution of the reflection coefficient of the antenna subunit;
the total data rate of the reflection transmission in S4 is: the constellation symbols within a single slot transmit the sum of the bits and each set of index bits.
6. The active-passive reciprocal transmission method of claim 1, wherein after the third information bit is reflected to the receiving end, the receiving end decodes the second information bit first and then decodes the first information bit.
7. The active-passive reciprocal transmission method as recited in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the bit error rate performance in the reflection transmission in S4 is:
wherein, P () is bit error rate, used for representing a group of probability of data transmission error in a single time slot; i is the antenna subunit index; Θ is the first information bit;
for the heavenA line subunit index estimate; />
Estimating a value for the first information bit; y is a received signal; g is a combined channel among the active transmitting end, the passive transmitting end and the receiving end; q () is a complementary cumulative distribution function; σ is the noise power.
8. An active-passive reciprocal transmission device for passive transmitting terminals, the device comprising:
the collecting module is used for collecting environmental signals and determining a modulation mode according to the number of the active transmitting end antennas and the number of the receiving end antennas;
the dividing module is used for dividing the environment signal into K groups of first information bits according to the modulation mode, and dividing the antenna unit of the passive transmitting end into K groups of antenna subunits, wherein K is more than 1;
the modulation coding module is used for enabling K groups of antenna subunits to carry out modulation coding on K groups of first information bits and T-1 variants of each group of first information bits by utilizing the modulation mode, the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit is determined by the first information bits and the modulation mode, and the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit in the same time slot is equal, and T is more than 1;
and the passive transmission module is used for receiving the second information bit sent by the active transmitting end, and each antenna subunit synchronizes the first information bit or the first information bit variation after modulation and coding with the second information bit in T time slots, and is carried on the second information bit to obtain a third information bit and transmit the third information bit to the receiving end in a reflection way.
9. The active-passive reciprocal transmission device of claim 8, wherein the modulation coding module includes:
the multi-bit switch module is used for selecting the reflection coefficient of each antenna subunit according to the first information bit and the modulation mode;
and the reflection coefficient adjusting module is used for realizing the reflection coefficient selected by the multi-bit switch module.
10. The active-passive reciprocal transmission system is characterized by comprising an active transmitting end, a passive transmitting end and a receiving end;
the active transmitting terminal is used for transmitting second information bits;
the passive transmitting terminal is configured to perform the active-passive reciprocal transmission method of any one of claims 1 to 7, so as to carry the first information bit or the first information bit variation on the second information bit, obtain a third information bit, and reflect and transmit the third information bit;
the receiving end is configured to receive the third information bit and decode the received third information bit.
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