CN116014164A - Zinc-bromine flow battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Zinc-bromine flow battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a zinc bromine flow battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of S100: coating the mixture of the carbon aerogel and the adhesive on a base film to obtain a carbon aerogel diaphragm; s200: coating chitosan solution on the carbon aerogel diaphragm, and drying to obtain the chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm. The zinc bromine flow battery diaphragm can effectively solve the problem that zinc ions in a zinc bromine flow battery generate zinc dendrites.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of flow batteries, in particular to a zinc-bromine flow battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the new energy field, renewable energy represented by photovoltaic and wind energy has huge development potential, but the instability of the renewable energy limits the large-scale development to a certain extent, and therefore, the wind and the solar energy disposal tides are caused. In order to solve the problems of wind and light abandoning, the development of renewable energy sources is accelerated, and efficient and large-scale energy storage technology must be developed to realize stable power supply. The large-scale energy storage technologies that have been put into practical use mainly include physical energy storage and electrochemical energy storage, and among them, flow batteries have incomparable advantages among many types of electrochemical energy storage technologies. The existing zinc-bromine flow battery energy storage technology has the advantages of high energy density, low cost, high efficiency, cleanliness and the like, is considered as an energy storage scheme capable of being popularized and applied on a large scale, and is more hopeful to realize industrialized large-scale energy storage and power supply.
The zinc-bromine flow battery is a novel flow battery taking zinc as a negative electrode and bromine as a positive electrode, and comprises core components such as electrolyte, a diaphragm, a bipolar plate and the like. The electrolyte of a zinc-bromine flow battery is usually an aqueous solution of zinc bromide and additives, and during the operation of the battery, zinc usually has irregular zinc (zinc dendrite) formation, which leads to reduced battery performance and even penetration of an internal separator; in addition, bromide ions in the electrolyte have strong corrosiveness, can penetrate through a corrosion isolation diaphragm, reduce the cycle life of the battery, and reduce the stability of the zinc-bromine flow battery.
Therefore, the diaphragm of the zinc-bromine flow battery needs to have excellent ion selectivity besides the requisite mechanical property and electrochemistry, can resist corrosion caused by penetration of bromide ions, and can inhibit growth of zinc dendrites, so that long-term recycling stability of the battery is ensured.
The carbon aerogel is used as a novel light nano porous amorphous carbon material, has the characteristics of high specific surface area, low mass density, nano continuous pores, nano skeleton carbon particles, amorphous structure and the like, and has wide application value in the fields of mechanics, acoustics, electricity, heat, optics and the like.
In order to solve corrosion caused by penetration of bromide ions, various methods are reported to be tried, such as a technical scheme of a flow battery diaphragm disclosed in Chinese patent numbers CN202011455860 and CN201911197996, a layer of continuous compact organic composite film is covered on the surface of the microporous diaphragm, and the compact organic composite film can block most of holes of the microporous diaphragm, so that the resistance of the diaphragm is increased, and the voltage efficiency is affected. Although there are patents describing the bromine blocking and bromine fixing functions of the composite separator, none address the formation of zinc dendrites in the composite separator.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a zinc bromine flow battery diaphragm, which can effectively solve the problem that zinc ions in a zinc bromine flow battery generate zinc dendrites.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the application is as follows: the preparation method of the zinc-bromine flow battery diaphragm is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s100: coating the mixture of the carbon aerogel and the adhesive on a base film to obtain a carbon aerogel diaphragm;
s200: coating chitosan solution on the carbon aerogel diaphragm, and drying to obtain the chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm.
Preferably, in step S100, the carbon aerogel is prepared by a method,
s110: mixing furfural or formaldehyde with resorcinol, adding hexamethylenetetramine, and aging to obtain gel;
s120: carbonizing the gel under inert atmosphere after drying to obtain carbonized products;
s130: and soaking the carbonized product in potassium hydroxide solution, taking out and drying, and performing high-temperature treatment under the inert atmosphere condition to obtain the carbon aerogel.
As another preferable aspect, the mass ratio of the carbon aerogel to the binder is (1 to 10): 1, the thickness of the coating is 20-80 mu m.
As another preferable, in step S100, the base film is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 50 parts of polyethylene, 10 to 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 to 70 parts of plasticizer and 1 to 4 parts of antioxidant.
As another preferable aspect, in step S200, the chitosan solution is obtained by dissolving chitosan in a dispersion liquid, and a mass ratio of the chitosan to the dispersion liquid is 1: (7-1000).
As another preferred aspect, the mass ratio of the chitosan to the dispersion is 1: (7-100).
As another preferable aspect, in step S200, the dispersion is any one or a combination of two of an aqueous urea solution in which the concentration of urea is 6 to 60wt% and an aqueous thiourea solution in which the concentration of thiourea is 3 to 14wt%.
As another preferable aspect, in the step S200, the coating amount is 2 to 5mL/dm 2 。
Further preferably, in step S200, the step of coating the chitosan solution and drying is repeated 2 to 6 times to obtain the chitosan-carbon aerogel membrane.
The application also provides a diaphragm for a zinc-bromine flow battery, which is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of the above.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application lies in:
(1) The diaphragm can effectively block free bromide ions in the electrolyte, prevent the self-discharge of the battery, inhibit the growth of zinc dendrites and prevent the diaphragm from being pierced by the zinc dendrites;
(2) The diaphragm applied to the zinc-bromine flow battery is prepared by simple chemical synthesis, coating and drying, the preparation method is simple and efficient, the required raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the diaphragm is suitable for large-scale production;
(3) The zinc-bromine battery prepared by the chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm can be effectively recycled for 2100 hours, and the overpotential is not obviously reduced, so that the zinc-bromine battery has a good use effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a separator prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a symmetrical cell cycle diagram of the separator prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the separator prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a symmetrical cell cycle diagram of the separator prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the separator prepared in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described with reference to the specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, on the premise of no conflict, new embodiments may be formed by any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below.
The terms "comprises" and "comprising," along with any variations thereof, in the description and claims of the present application are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements that are expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The application provides a preparation method for a zinc-bromine flow battery diaphragm, which comprises the following steps of
S100: coating the mixture of the carbon aerogel and the adhesive on a base film to obtain a carbon aerogel diaphragm;
s200: coating chitosan solution on the carbon aerogel diaphragm, and drying to obtain the chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm.
The chitosan is the only known natural alkaline cationic polymer and has a complex double-helix structure, the ortho position of the free amino in the chitosan is hydroxyl, has stronger reactivity, has the effect of chelating divalent metal ions, and is matched with metal ions Zn 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Fe 3+ Can form a stable chelate in a grid shape. The dissolved chitosan is in a gel state, has the characteristics of good adsorptivity, film forming property and the like, and can be endowed with various functional characteristics by a functional modification or modification method.
The chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm prepared by the method can be applied to a zinc-bromine flow battery, free bromide ions in the electrolyte are effectively blocked in the electrolyte, the self-discharge of the battery is prevented, the growth of zinc dendrites can be restrained, the failure of the battery caused by the puncture of the diaphragm by the zinc dendrites is avoided, the service life of the zinc-bromine flow battery is prolonged, and the cycling stability of the zinc-bromine flow battery is greatly improved.
Preferably, in the step S100, the base film is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 50 parts of polyethylene, 10 to 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 to 70 parts of plasticizer and 1 to 4 parts of antioxidant.
Preferably, in step S100, furfural or formaldehyde is used to mix with resorcinol, aged, carbonized and dried to obtain a reaction product.
Preferably, in step S100, the carbon aerogel is prepared by a method,
s110: mixing furfural or formaldehyde with resorcinol, adding hexamethylenetetramine, and aging to obtain gel;
s120: carbonizing the gel under inert atmosphere after drying to obtain carbonized products;
s130: and soaking the carbonized product in potassium hydroxide solution, taking out and drying, and performing high-temperature treatment under the inert atmosphere condition to obtain the carbon aerogel.
Preferably, in the steps S100 and S200, the coating method is any one of brushing, spraying or rolling.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon aerogel to the binder in step S100 is (1:1) - (10:1).
Preferably, the binder is one or a combination of two of polyvinylidene fluoride or acrylic resin emulsion.
Preferably, the coating thickness in the step S100 is 20-80 mu m, and the moderate coating thickness is favorable for the subsequent secondary coating of the chitosan solution.
As a zinc-bromine flow battery diaphragm, the porous carbon aerogel forms a 3D mesoporous network which is connected with each other on the surface of the diaphragm, meanwhile, the surface of the aerogel pellets forms a large number of micropores with the thickness of 2-20nm and small mesoporous structures by etching, the surface structure of the aerogel pellets forms a multi-layer porous structure which is exactly like the surface of coral, the mesoporous structures are favorable for the transmission of ions in electrolyte of the zinc-bromine flow battery, and the microporous structures with the thickness of 2-20nm are favorable for the wetting of the electrolyte and the penetration of active substance bromide ions in the electrolyte. The surfaces of the carbon aerogels are provided with nitrogen doping, which can form Li-N bonds, absorb and fix active substances to a greater extent, and meanwhile, due to the excellent electronic conductivity and ion conductivity of the carbon aerogels, a second discharge carrier can be formed in the middle layer of the carbon-based material, and the penetration of bromine ions is blocked by high-efficiency utilization of absorption, so that the electrochemical dynamics inside the electrolyte of the zinc-bromine liquid sulfur battery is optimized, and the concentration difference and diffusion polarization of the battery are reduced.
Preferably, the dispersion in S200 is any one or a mixture of two of an aqueous urea solution and an aqueous thiourea solution.
Preferably, the urea concentration in the aqueous urea solution is from 6 to 60 wt.%, more preferably from 18 to 60 wt.%.
Preferably, the concentration of thiourea in the aqueous thiourea solution is 3 to 14% by weight, more preferably 7 to 14% by weight.
Preferably, the mass ratio of chitosan to dispersion is (1:7) to (1:1000), more preferably (1:7) to (1:100).
Preferably, the coating amount in the step S200 is 2-5 mL/dm 2 。
Preferably, in the step S200, the chitosan solution is repeatedly coated and dried, and the chitosan solution is coated at least twice, so as to ensure that the chitosan coating is uniformly covered on the surface layer of the carbon aerogel diaphragm, thereby achieving a good barrier effect. More preferably, the coating-drying step of chitosan is repeated 2 to 6 times.
Preferably, in the step S200, the membrane coated with the chitosan solution is put into an oven, dried for 1-2 hours in the environment of 40-80 ℃, taken out and naturally cooled to room temperature.
The ortho position of the free amino of the chitosan is hydroxyl, has stronger reactivity, and can be chelated with divalent zinc ions in the electrolyte to form a stable chelate, thereby inhibiting the generation and growth of zinc dendrites, avoiding the diaphragm of the flow battery from being penetrated, and prolonging the service life of the flow battery.
The application also provides a diaphragm for a zinc bromine flow battery, which is obtained by using any preparation method described above.
[ example 1 ]
The preparation method for the zinc-bromine flow battery diaphragm comprises the following steps:
s100: 300g of PE raw material, 300g of silicon dioxide, 600g of plasticizer and 20g of antioxidant are mixed to prepare a zinc-bromine flow battery base film, wherein the PE raw material is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with the molecular weight of 60010 ten thousand and polyethylene with the molecular weight of 30 ten thousand respectively 150g; the plasticizer is special oil for PE separator production. Cutting the prepared base film into a size of 60cm multiplied by 60cm so as to carry out subsequent battery tests;
s110: stirring and mixing 2g of furfural and 4g of resorcinol at 55 ℃ for 40 minutes, adding 0.2g of hexamethylenetetramine, and putting into a 70 ℃ oven for aging for 4 days to obtain gel;
s120: drying the obtained gel in an open oven at 120 ℃, heating to 850 ℃ in a tube furnace in an inert gas atmosphere, and collecting the obtained carbon aerogel after 8 hours of maintaining to obtain a carbonized product;
s130: immersing carbonized products into a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and controlling the mass ratio of the carbon aerogel to the potassium hydroxide to be 1: washing and drying after 8, 12 hours, and finally, putting the carbon aerogel into a tube furnace again for heat treatment at 850 ℃ in an inert atmosphere and keeping the temperature for 6 hours to obtain carbon aerogel;
and mixing the carbon aerogel and polyvinylidene fluoride, coating the mixture on two sides of the base film, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon aerogel to the polyvinylidene fluoride is 5:1, the coating thickness is 30 mu m, and coating and drying the mixture to obtain the carbon aerogel diaphragm.
S200, preparing a urea aqueous solution with the concentration of 6wt% as a dispersion liquid, mixing chitosan and the dispersion liquid according to the mass ratio of 1:7, continuously introducing carbon dioxide at 35 ℃ until the chitosan is completely dissolved, and obtaining a transparent chitosan solution after centrifugal defoaming.
Coating shell polymers on two sides of carbon aerogel diaphragmSugar solution with a coating amount of 3mL/dm 2 And (3) putting the membrane coated with the chitosan solution into an oven for drying, drying for 2 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, taking out, cooling to room temperature, coating the chitosan solution again, and drying again to obtain the chitosan-carbon aerogel membrane.
Performance detection
Scanning electron microscope testing is carried out on the chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm prepared in the embodiment 1, and a scanning electron microscope chart is shown in fig. 1.
The zinc-bromine flow battery is prepared by the chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm prepared in the embodiment 1, and the battery is subjected to a symmetrical battery cycle test, and the obtained symmetrical battery cycle chart is shown in fig. 2.
The test principle of the symmetrical battery cycle test is that after a certain time of cycle, electrolyte zinc dendrite is produced and deposited and pierces the membrane to cause short circuit, and by observing the change of the voltage value on the outer loop, whether zinc dendrite is produced inside the battery and whether micro short circuit occurs or not can be judged to pierce the membrane.
Analysis of fig. 1 shows that the chitosan-carbon aerogel membrane has a three-dimensional stereo pore structure, the surface structure of the chitosan-carbon aerogel membrane forms a multi-layer porous structure similar to the surface of coral, the meso pore structure is beneficial to the transmission of ions in electrolyte of a zinc-bromine flow battery, and the micro pore structure of 2-20nm is beneficial to the wetting of the electrolyte and the penetration of active substance bromide ions in the electrolyte; meanwhile, chitosan and zinc ions form a zinc chelate, so that zinc ion dendrite generation and growth are inhibited; the carbon aerogel nano micropores are used for blocking the penetration of bromide ions in the electrolyte, so that the corrosion of the electrolyte to the diaphragm is reduced, the cycling stability and the service life of the zinc-bromine flow battery are improved, and the continuous operation of the zinc-bromine flow battery is ensured.
Analysis of fig. 2 shows that in this experiment, after 2100h of circulation, the overpotential of the zinc-bromine single cell with the chitosan-carbon aerogel membrane is not significantly reduced, which indicates that no significant zinc dendrite is generated in the cell temporarily, and no micro-short circuit condition occurs.
Comparative example 1
Preparing a carbon aerogel diaphragm: s100: 300g of PE raw material, 300g of silicon dioxide, 600g of plasticizer and 20g of antioxidant are mixed to prepare a zinc-bromine flow battery base film, wherein the PE raw material is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with the molecular weight of 60010 ten thousand and polyethylene with the molecular weight of 30 ten thousand respectively 150g; the plasticizer is special oil for PE separator production. Cutting the prepared base film into a size of 60cm multiplied by 60cm so as to carry out subsequent battery tests;
s110: stirring and mixing 2g of furfural and 4g of resorcinol at 55 ℃ for 40 minutes, adding 0.2g of hexamethylenetetramine, and putting into a 70 ℃ oven for aging for 4 days to obtain gel;
s120: drying the obtained gel in an open oven at 120 ℃, heating to 850 ℃ in a tube furnace in an inert gas atmosphere, and collecting the obtained carbon aerogel after 8 hours of maintaining to obtain a carbonized product;
s130: immersing carbonized products into a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and controlling the mass ratio of the carbon aerogel to the potassium hydroxide to be 1: washing and drying after 8, 12 hours, and finally, putting the carbon aerogel into a tube furnace again for heat treatment at 850 ℃ in an inert atmosphere and keeping the temperature for 6 hours to obtain carbon aerogel;
and mixing the carbon aerogel and polyvinylidene fluoride, coating the mixture on two sides of the base film, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon aerogel to the polyvinylidene fluoride is 5:1, the coating thickness is 30 mu m, and coating and drying the mixture to obtain the carbon aerogel diaphragm.
Scanning electron microscope analysis is carried out on the carbon aerogel diaphragm prepared in the comparative example 1, and a scanning electron microscope diagram of the carbon aerogel diaphragm is shown in fig. 3; and preparing a zinc-bromine flow battery from the carbon aerogel diaphragm, and performing a symmetrical battery cycle test on the battery, wherein the obtained symmetrical battery cycle chart is shown in fig. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the zinc-bromine flow battery prepared from the carbon aerogel separator had a short circuit after 110 hours, and the test was terminated in advance. The zinc-bromine flow battery prepared by the carbon aerogel diaphragm is easy to cause short circuit because of zinc dendrite generation, affects the normal use of the flow battery, prevents the flow battery from mass production,
comparative example 2
Preparing a chitosan diaphragm: 300g of PE raw material, 300g of silicon dioxide, 600g of plasticizer and 20g of antioxidant are mixed to prepare a zinc-bromine flow battery base film, wherein the PE raw material is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with the molecular weight of 60010 ten thousand and polyethylene with the molecular weight of 30 ten thousand respectively 150g; the plasticizer is special oil for PE separator production. Cutting the prepared base film into a size of 60cm multiplied by 60cm so as to carry out subsequent battery tests;
preparing a urea aqueous solution with the concentration of 6wt% as a dispersion liquid, mixing chitosan and the dispersion liquid according to the mass ratio of 1:7, continuously introducing carbon dioxide at 35 ℃ until the chitosan is completely dissolved, and obtaining a transparent chitosan solution after centrifugal defoaming.
Coating chitosan solution on both sides of the base film with a coating amount of 3mL/dm 2 And (3) putting the base film coated with the chitosan solution into an oven for drying, drying for 2 hours at 40 ℃, taking out, cooling to room temperature, coating the chitosan solution again, and drying again to obtain the chitosan diaphragm.
The chitosan membrane prepared in comparative example 2 was subjected to sem analysis, and the sem image thereof is shown in fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 5, the particles on the surface of the chitosan separator are large and mutually agglomerated, and cannot form a microporous or mesoporous structure to block the penetration of ions in the electrolyte, so that only zinc ions can be formed into chelates for fixation, and the penetration of bromide ions in the electrolyte cannot be reduced.
According to the preparation method, the chitosan is coated on one side or two sides of the carbon aerogel diaphragm, and the preparation modes of simple chemical synthesis, coating, normal-temperature drying and the like are adopted, so that the obtained chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm can effectively prevent bromide ions from penetrating and inhibit zinc dendrite formation.
The application provides a chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm of a zinc-bromine flow battery, a preparation method of the chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm and a battery applying the chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm, which can prevent generation of zinc dendrites while blocking penetration of bromide ions, effectively increase cycle time and service life of the flow battery, improve stability of the zinc-bromine flow battery and lay a foundation for realizing scale and industrialization of the flow battery.
The foregoing has outlined the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the embodiments and descriptions described herein are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is defined by the appended claims. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a zinc-bromine flow battery diaphragm is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s100: coating the mixture of the carbon aerogel and the adhesive on a base film to obtain a carbon aerogel diaphragm;
s200: coating chitosan solution on the carbon aerogel diaphragm, and drying to obtain the chitosan-carbon aerogel diaphragm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S100, the carbon aerogel is prepared by a method,
s110: mixing furfural or formaldehyde with resorcinol, adding hexamethylenetetramine, and aging to obtain gel;
s120: carbonizing the gel under inert atmosphere after drying to obtain carbonized products;
s130: and soaking the carbonized product in potassium hydroxide solution, taking out and drying, and performing high-temperature treatment under the inert atmosphere condition to obtain the carbon aerogel.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon aerogel to the binder is (1-10): 1, the thickness of the coating is 20-80 mu m.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S100, the base film is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 50 parts of polyethylene, 10 to 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 to 70 parts of plasticizer and 1 to 4 parts of antioxidant.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S200, the chitosan solution is obtained by dissolving chitosan in a dispersion, and the mass ratio of the chitosan to the dispersion is 1: (7-1000).
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan to the dispersion is 1: (7-100).
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S200, the dispersion is an aqueous urea solution having a urea concentration of 6 to 60wt% or an aqueous thiourea solution having a thiourea concentration of 3 to 14wt%, or a combination of both.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coating amount in step S200 is 2 to 5mL/dm 2 。
9. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein in step S200, the step of coating the chitosan solution and drying is repeated 2 to 6 times to obtain the chitosan-carbon aerogel membrane.
10. A separator for a zinc bromine flow battery, characterized by being produced using the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN113078342A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Functional composite membrane for alkaline zinc-iron flow battery and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113839144A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-24 | 江苏师范大学 | Diaphragm for water-based zinc ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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2023
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| CN103618057A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 青海百能汇通新能源科技有限公司 | Zinc-bromine flow battery diaphragm applicable to laser welding, and preparation method thereof |
| CN111261913A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Composite membrane for alkaline zinc-based flow battery and preparation and application thereof |
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