CN116009327A - Beam deflection device group and wavelength selective switch - Google Patents
Beam deflection device group and wavelength selective switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN116009327A CN116009327A CN202310074632.1A CN202310074632A CN116009327A CN 116009327 A CN116009327 A CN 116009327A CN 202310074632 A CN202310074632 A CN 202310074632A CN 116009327 A CN116009327 A CN 116009327A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a beam deflection device group and a wavelength selective switch, and belongs to the field of optical communication. Aiming at the problems of inaccurate attenuation control or large crosstalk and the like in the prior art, the invention provides a beam deflection device group and a wavelength selective switch, and constructs the beam deflection device group, which comprises a beam deflection device, an analyzer I and a polarization modulator, wherein the polarization modulator, the analyzer I and the beam deflection device are sequentially arranged according to the sequence of the incident light direction, and the light transmission polarization direction of the analyzer I is parallel to the crystal axis rotation plane of the beam deflection device. The crystal axis rotation plane of the polarization modulator is 45 degrees to the polarization direction of the incident beam. The polarization direction of the light beam transmitted through the polarization modulator can be changed by adjusting the polarization modulator, and the light energy attenuation function is realized after the light beam passes through the polarization analyzer I. The method can reduce crosstalk introduced by the WSS in the normal working or energy attenuation process on the premise of not influencing the performance parameters of the WSS, and improves the optical performance of the WSS.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of optical communications, and more particularly, to a beam deflecting device group and a wavelength selective switch.
Background
In wavelength division multiplexing optical communication application, wavelength switching can realize optical signal switching, attenuation or blocking of any wavelength or wavelength combination at any communication port, is a key technology for flexible application of an optical communication network and improvement of communication capacity, and a system for realizing the function becomes a ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer) system, so that uplink and downlink division multiplexing can be reconfigured, and the wavelength division multiplexing optical communication system has the characteristics of independence of wavelength, independence of direction and independence of competition. The WSS (wavelength selective switch ) is a core module in a ROADM system, and the technical principle is that after wavelength dispersion separation based on a fixed period diffraction grating, the port switching of the wavelength is realized by using a dynamic grating, namely, the beam deflection of different wavelengths is realized by using grating patterns in different areas of dynamic modulation LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon), so that the free switching of signals of different wavelengths among different ports is realized. An important function of WSS is to dynamically attenuate the energy of light beams of different wavelengths, thereby achieving energy balance for each communication wavelength, typically requiring attenuation in the range of 0 to-20 dB. The WSS attenuation method based on the LCoS technology is to modulate the shape of a grating, reduce the 1 st-order diffraction efficiency or change the period of the grating, and reduce the coupling efficiency of the 1 st-order diffraction beam in a WSS optical system, so that energy attenuation is realized.
Based on the principle, the attenuation optical structure is simple, a new device is not required to be added, the attenuation optical structure can be realized only through a software algorithm, but crosstalk between wavelength signals can be increased at the same time, because the energy of other orders can be increased when the 1-order diffraction efficiency is reduced by modulating the shape of the LCoS surface grating structure, and other-order light beams can directly enter a port or change a grating period through multiple reflection parts of a WSS optical system, so that crosstalk of adjacent ports can be increased when the wavelength corresponding coupling efficiency is reduced.
Prior art patent: optical calibration system and method (US 7457547B 2) the energy attenuation function of the corresponding channels and ports of a WSS is achieved by loading phases of different periods and amplitudes, usually in a sinusoidal form, on an LCOS phase grating pattern, adjusting the grating diffraction properties, modulating the grating 1-order diffraction energy to other orders. However, there are many disadvantages that, after signals with different periods and amplitudes are superimposed on the original LCoS grating, a multi-period grating structure is formed, and the multi-period grating generates many diffraction orders and transfers the 1 st diffraction energy to other diffraction orders, so that the optical energy of the other diffraction orders is increased to cause crosstalk of optical signals. And when the attenuation amplitude is required to be larger, the loaded sine phase is overlapped to the original phase grating pattern of the LCoS, so that the partial area phase of the phase grating pattern is smaller than 0 or larger than a threshold value (for example, 2 pi), the grating phase can only be subjected to rounding operation, and the energy of other diffraction orders is additionally increased, so that crosstalk is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems of inaccurate attenuation control or large crosstalk and the like in the prior art, the invention provides a beam deflection device group and a wavelength selective switch, which can reduce the crosstalk introduced by a WSS in the normal working or energy attenuation process and improve the optical performance of the WSS on the premise of not influencing the performance parameters of the WSS.
2. Technical proposal
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
Based on the above problems, the following design is performed, and a beam deflection device group is constructed, which comprises a beam deflection device, a polarization analyzer I and a polarization modulator, wherein the polarization modulator, the polarization analyzer I and the beam deflection device are sequentially arranged according to the incident light direction, and the light transmission polarization direction of the polarization analyzer I is parallel to the crystal axis rotation plane of the beam deflection device.
Preferably, the polarization analyzer II, the polarization modulator, the polarization analyzer I and the beam deflection device are sequentially arranged in the order of the incident light direction, and the direction of the polarization analyzer II is the same as that of the polarization analyzer I.
Preferably, the polarization modulator pixel array is strip-shaped or matched with the light beam deflection device pixel array, the length direction is the wavelength selective switch direction, and the width direction is the wavelength dispersion direction.
Preferably, the crystal axis rotation plane of the polarization modulator is 45 degrees to the polarization direction of the incident light beam. The polarization direction of the light beam transmitted through the polarization modulator can be changed by adjusting the polarization modulator, and the light energy attenuation function is realized after the light beam passes through the polarization analyzer I.
Preferably, the phase modulation depth of the polarization modulator is equal to 1/4 of the incident wavelength. The polarization state of the light beam can be rotated by 90 degrees after passing through the analyzer I, the energy of the light beam is attenuated by 100 percent, and the elliptical polarized light is emitted into elliptical polarized light, so that the light beam with the unwanted polarization state is deviated after passing through the WSS optical system again, and the energy is further attenuated, and the phase modulation depth of the actual polarization modulator can be smaller than 1/4 wavelength.
Preferably, the beam deflector is an LCoS-based beam deflector. Of course, the solution is not limited to WSSs based on LCoS technology, but may be other types of WSSs, and the corresponding beam deflection device may be formed by other types of technologies, such as MEMS optical platforms.
A wavelength selective switch comprising a beam deflection device group as described, comprising,
the input and output directions are sequentially provided with an optical fiber array, a polarization processing device, a collimating lens and an imaging device;
the optical fiber array is an optical input/output port;
a polarization processing device converting the input free polarization state into the same polarization state;
the collimating lens is used for primarily collimating the emergent light beam of the optical fiber;
a switch lens, an aberration compensation device and a dispersion grating are arranged on one side of the imaging device in the dispersion direction; an aberration compensating device compensating for spherical aberration and chromatic aberration of the optical system; a dispersion grating for expanding a plurality of wavelength lights inputted into the optical system to the beam deflection device group in a wavelength order;
the switch direction is provided with a beam deflection device group, a phase grating arranged in the switch direction is formed, the 1 st-order diffraction direction of each wavelength beam is modulated, and the wavelength switching of the corresponding port is realized.
Preferably, the imaging device constitutes 1 in the dispersion direction: 1, and a 4f optical system of 1. The switching lens forms 1 in the switching direction: 1, a 2f optical system; the coupling of each wavelength beam to the corresponding exit port is completed.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
through setting up corresponding polarization modulator and polarization analyzer for polarization direction is the same with the incident light polarization direction, can realize after the polarization analyzer that the light beam polarization state rotates 90 degrees, and light beam energy 100% decay, because polarization modulator is emergent for elliptical polarized light, this elliptical polarized light can deviate the light beam of unnecessary polarization state after WSS optical system again, further decay energy, can guarantee to carry out the decay of light beam energy under the circumstances that does not influence the accuracy and avoid the skew to introduce crosstalk, guaranteed the stability of system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of a typical WSS;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of spreading the spot shape and position of a typical WSS at different wavelengths on the LCoS surface;
FIG. 3 is a typical WSS scan spectrum;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of different pixel phases of a typical WSS superimposed sinusoidal signal;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of diffraction orders and efficiency of a phase diffraction grating formed by a typical WSS LCoS;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a general method WSS switch function;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a phase grating formed by LCoS;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an attenuation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an optical principle of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the attenuation structure of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a polarization modulator according to this embodiment.
The reference numerals in the figures illustrate:
101. an optical fiber array; 102. a polarization processing device; 103. a collimating lens; 104. an imaging device; 105. a switching lens; 106. an aberration compensating device; 107. a dispersive grating; 108. LCoS;
501. an input/output port array;
701. an analyzer I; 702. a polarization modulator;
901. and an analyzer II.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the accompanying specific examples.
For the prior art, the optical path structure of a typical WSS is shown in fig. 1 below, and generally includes an optical fiber array 101, which is an optical input/output port; a polarization processing device 102 that converts the input free polarization state to the same polarization state; a collimator lens 103 for primarily collimating the outgoing optical fiber beam; the imaging device 104, the switching lens 105, the imaging device 104 and the switching lens 105 are respectively arranged in the composition 1:1, completing the coupling of the light beams with each wavelength to the corresponding emergent port; an aberration compensation device 106 for mainly compensating spherical aberration and chromatic aberration of the optical system and improving coupling efficiency of the optical system; the dispersion grating 107 spreads the light of various wavelengths inputted into the optical system to the LCoS108 in the wavelength order, the LCoS108 forms a phase grating arranged in the switch direction, modulates the 1 st-order beam diffraction direction of each wavelength beam, and realizes the corresponding port wavelength switching function in combination with the optical system.
The LCoS108 is a beam deflection device, and uses 1 st-order diffraction of phase diffraction gratings of different periods formed by the LCoS108 to deflect an incident beam, and different deflection angles of the 1 st-order diffraction beam correspond to different output ports. The spreading of the spot shape and position of different wavelengths on the LCoS surface is shown in fig. 2, the spot size determines the minimum bandwidth supported by the WSS, and the scanning spectrum is shown in fig. 3.
In the application process of the WSS, dynamic energy attenuation is required to be carried out on light beams with different wavelengths so as to achieve the purpose of energy balance of each wavelength, the conventional energy attenuation range is 0-20dB, and two general methods for realizing energy attenuation are available, one method is that sine signals are superimposed on a phase grating graph as shown in figures 4 and 5 so as to reduce 1-order diffraction energy of the phase grating, and the energy is transferred to other orders, so that the purpose of energy attenuation is achieved. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of different pixel phases of a typical WSS superimposed sine signal, showing a formed phase grating structure, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of diffraction orders and efficiency of a phase diffraction grating formed by a typical WSS LCoS, showing that after energy of 1 st phase of the phase grating is reduced, the phase grating is transferred to other diffraction orders.
The method has the advantages that: the method can be realized by utilizing an algorithm without adding devices in an optical system.
The disadvantage of this method is that: after the sine signal is superimposed, the energy is transferred to the high diffraction orders of the grating, meanwhile, if the attenuation energy requirement is larger, the amplitude of the sine signal is larger, so that the individual point phase in the phase grating is negative or larger than a critical value, such as 2pi, and because LCoS cannot modulate the negative phase and has the maximum phase depth modulation limit, zero taking and rounding operations are needed, diffraction energy of other orders except the diffraction 1 order is increased, crosstalk is further increased, and the WSS optical performance is affected.
Another common method for implementing dynamic attenuation is to modify the period of the phase grating of the wavelength corresponding to the LCoS surface, and then change the angle of the diffracted beam, and shift the beam position with the exit port of the WSS, thereby reducing the coupling efficiency and implementing energy attenuation.
As shown in fig. 6, a schematic diagram of a WSS switch function is shown, which includes an input/output port array 501, a switch lens 105, and an LCoS108, and different port outputs are realized by diffracting energy of 1 st order through adjustment of the phase grating period size of the LCoS surface.
The relative position of the output light beam and the port can be changed by adjusting the period of the phase grating to change the 1-order diffraction angle, so that the coupling efficiency is changed to realize the attenuation function. However, when the method realizes energy attenuation, emergent light can enter adjacent ports, particularly under the condition that attenuation amplitude is large and the ports are adjacent and close, relatively large crosstalk is caused.
Another disadvantage of this method is that each pixel size of the LCoS has a certain physical dimension, for example 8um, and a phase grating is formed by discrete pixels, even if the LCoS surface corresponds to a wavelength light spot and covers several periods at the same time, due to the discreteness, the average period size of the several period gratings determines the deflection direction of the light beam, and cannot realize continuous deflection of the angle of the light beam, so that the adjustment accuracy of attenuation is limited, and cannot realize high-precision adjustment, for example, an adjustment step size of 0.1dB, and the phase grating formed by the LCoS is shown in fig. 7.
The prior art schemes have the problems of inaccurate attenuation control, large crosstalk and the like.
Example 1
In an implementation manner of the attenuation method adopted by the patent, a new beam deflection device group is designed, as shown in fig. 8, a polarization analyzer I701 and a polarization modulator 702 are added near the LCoS108 surface, the polarization modulator 702, the polarization analyzer I701 and the LCoS108 are arranged in the arrangement order according to the incident light direction, the assembly manner can be a separated device, namely an air gap is arranged in the middle, and the devices can be bonded together to form a whole, and the light transmission polarization direction of the polarization analyzer I701 is parallel to the crystal axis rotation plane of the LCoS 108; the corresponding polarization modulator 702 may be a liquid crystal or other device fabricated by other principles to effect rotation of the polarization of the light beam; in order to dynamically realize the attenuation adjustment of the light energy of different wavelengths, and not to affect parameters such as the bandwidth and the center frequency of the WSS, the polarization modulator may be configured as shown in fig. 11, the pixels are elongated, the length direction is the switch direction of the WSS, the width direction is the dispersion direction, the pixel size of the polarization modulator 702 is elongated, the width of the elongated is the same as or smaller than the pixel size of the LCoS, or may be a pixel array matched with the LCoS501, and the pixel size may be the same as or smaller than the LCoS501, so as not to affect the bandwidth and the center frequency resolution requirements of the WSS. The crystal axis rotation plane of the polarization modulator 702 is 45 degrees to the polarization direction of the incident beam; or at angles other than 45 degrees, the particular angle setting being related to the phase modulation depth and attenuation sensitivity of the polarization modulator 702;
as shown in fig. 9, the optical principle is that the incident beam is linearly polarized light, the polarization direction is parallel to the rotation plane of the liquid crystal axis of the LCoS108, the direction of the analyzer I701 is the same as the polarization direction of the incident beam, the rotation plane of the liquid crystal axis of the polarization modulator 702 and the polarization direction of the incident beam are 45 degrees, and by adjusting the polarization modulator 702, the polarization direction of the beam passing through the polarization modulator 702 can be changed, and then the light energy attenuation function is realized after passing through the analyzer I701. The method of the scheme is not limited to the WSS based on LCoS technology, but can be a WSS formed by other types of beam deflection devices. I.e. the beam deflection device plus the analyzer I701 and the polarization modulator 702 form a beam deflection device group, the corresponding beam deflection device may be formed by other types of technologies, such as WSS formed by MEMS or LC devices.
The specific process is as follows: the linear polarized light beam in the WSS enters the polarization modulator 702, becomes elliptical light (modulated into linear polarized light if not attenuated) after being modulated by the polarization modulator 702, becomes linear polarized light after being modulated and reflected by the analyzer I701, is still linear polarized light after being modulated and reflected by the LCoS108, and becomes elliptical polarized light after being again passed through the polarization modulator 702, and is output.
The polarization modulator 702 has a phase modulation depth of 1/4 wavelength, the polarization state of the light beam can be rotated by 90 degrees after passing through the analyzer I701, the energy of the light beam is attenuated by 100 percent, and the light beam with the unwanted polarization state is deviated and the energy is further attenuated after the elliptical polarized light passes through the WSS optical system again because the elliptical polarized light exits from the polarization modulator, so the phase modulation depth of the actual polarization modulator 702 can be smaller than 1/4 wavelength. The wavelength here refers to the incident wavelength.
In the working process, the pixel column numbers corresponding to the polarization modulator 701 are dynamically adjusted by combining the bandwidth and the center frequency of LCoS108 modulation, so that dynamic attenuation of energy with different wavelengths is realized, and the polarization modulator 702 can change the polarization of incident light by 90 degrees, so that energy attenuation in the range of 0% -100% can be realized after the incident light passes through the polarization analyzer I701, and the parameter requirements of WSS are met.
Example 2
Since the unwanted polarized light beam in the circularly polarized light emitted from the polarization modulator 702 may be reflected or offset for multiple times in the WSS optical system to introduce crosstalk, another embodiment of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 10, in which a polarization analyzer II901 is added to the surface of the polarization modulator 702, the direction is the same as that of the polarization analyzer I701, and the polarization state of the light beam emitted from the polarization modulator 702 is modulated into a linear polarization state, and the polarization direction is the same as that of the incident light. The specific arrangement sequence is respectively an analyzer II901, a polarization modulator 702, an analyzer I701 and an LCoS108 according to the incident light direction; the crystal axis rotation plane of the corresponding polarization modulator 702 is 45 degrees to the polarization direction of the incident beam; or at other angles than 45 degrees; the method of the present solution is not limited to WSSs based on LCoS technology, but may be other types of WSSs. I.e., the switch body device plus analyzer I701 and polarization modulator 702, the corresponding beam deflection device may be of other types of technology, such as MEMS or LCOPA devices. The liquid crystal optical phased array (Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array, LCOPA for short) is a non-mechanical beam deflection technology, has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low power consumption, easiness in control and the like, is applied to free space optical communication, and is expected to improve the problems of capturing, tracking and aiming of light beams. The theoretical basis of LCOPA technology is blazed gratings, which modulate the optical wavefront phase by simulating the spatial distribution of the blazed grating to change the deflection direction of the optical beam. A representative product for LCOPA technology is the liquid crystal spatial light modulator (Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator, lclm for short). MEMS technology, i.e. micromechanical deflection technology, utilizes micro-electromechanical system or piezoelectric ceramic plate to drive micro mirror surface, and changes incident angle of light beam to implement deflection scanning of light beam. The micromirror diameter is typically only a few millimeters. Compared with the traditional macro-mechanical deflection mirror, the deflection mirror has the advantages of light weight, small volume and low production cost. The above-described techniques may employ a beam deflector group of our approach.
The foregoing has been described schematically the invention and embodiments thereof, which are not limiting, but are capable of other specific forms of implementing the invention without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The drawings are also intended to depict only one embodiment of the invention, and therefore the actual construction is not intended to limit the claims, any reference number in the claims not being intended to limit the claims. Therefore, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical scheme are not creatively designed without departing from the gist of the present invention, and all the structural manners and the embodiment are considered to be within the protection scope of the present patent. In addition, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the inclusion of a plurality of such elements. The various elements recited in the product claims may also be embodied in software or hardware. The terms first, second, etc. are used to denote a name, but not any particular order.
Claims (10)
1. The light beam deflection device group comprises a light beam deflection device and is characterized by further comprising a polarization analyzer I and a polarization modulator, wherein the polarization modulator, the polarization analyzer I and the light beam deflection device are sequentially arranged according to the incident light direction, and the light transmission polarization direction of the polarization analyzer I is parallel to the crystal axis rotation plane of the light beam deflection device.
2. The beam deflection device package of claim 1 further comprising an analyzer II, a polarization modulator, an analyzer I, and a beam deflection device in that order of the direction of the incident light, the analyzer II being oriented in the same direction as the analyzer I.
3. A beam deflector assembly according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the array of polarization modulator pixels is elongate or matched to the array of beam deflector pixels, the length direction being the wavelength selective switch direction and the width direction being the wavelength dispersion direction.
4. A beam deflector assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein the plane of rotation of the crystal axis of the polarization modulator is 45 degrees to the direction of polarization of the incident beam.
5. The set of beam deflection devices of claim 4, wherein the polarization modulator has a phase modulation depth less than or equal to 1/4 of the incident wavelength.
6. A set of beam deflection devices according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the beam deflection devices are LCoS, LCOPA or MEMS technology based beam deflection devices.
7. A wavelength selective switch comprising a beam deflection device set as described in any one of 1 to 6 above.
8. The wavelength selective switch of claim 7, comprising,
the input and output directions are sequentially provided with an optical fiber array, a polarization processing device, a collimating lens and an imaging device;
the optical fiber array is an optical input/output port;
a polarization processing device converting the input free polarization state into the same polarization state;
the collimating lens is used for primarily collimating the emergent light beam of the optical fiber;
a switch lens, an aberration compensation device and a dispersion grating are arranged on one side of the imaging device in the dispersion direction; an aberration compensating device compensating for spherical aberration and chromatic aberration of the optical system; a dispersion grating for expanding a plurality of wavelength lights inputted into the optical system to the beam deflection device group in a wavelength order;
the switch direction is provided with a beam deflection device group, a phase grating arranged in the switch direction is formed, the diffraction direction of each wavelength beam is modulated, and the wavelength switching of the corresponding port is realized.
9. The wavelength selective switch of claim 8, wherein the imaging device and the switching lens form 1 in the dispersion direction: 1, and a 4f optical system of 1.
10. A wavelength selective switch according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the imaging device and the switching lens constitute 1 in the switching direction: 1, and coupling each wavelength beam to a corresponding exit port.
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