CN116006243A - Large-area full-time empty high-efficiency gas control method for soft outburst coal seam - Google Patents
Large-area full-time empty high-efficiency gas control method for soft outburst coal seam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于煤矿瓦斯治理领域,具体涉及一种松软突出煤层大区域全时空高效瓦斯治理方法。The invention belongs to the field of coal mine gas control, and in particular relates to a full-time and space-time high-efficiency gas control method in a large area of soft and outburst coal seams.
背景技术Background technique
瓦斯灾害严重影响了煤矿的安全生产。要实现突出煤层回采工作面的安全回采,需从本质上实现采掘的抽采达标和瓦斯涌出治理,进一步讲就是需要实现采掘工作面的时空高效抽采。松软煤层硬度低、透气性差,顺层钻孔存在施工难度大、易垮孔、抽采效果差等问题;随着技术的发展,虽然出现了大型定向钻机,仍存在定向长钻孔打不深等问题,严重影响了采掘接替,且不利于安全管理。另外,现有瓦斯治理方法瓦斯治理区域小,存在不能实现大面积超前瓦斯治理、效率低的问题,严重制约了煤矿的安全高效生产。Gas disasters have seriously affected the safe production of coal mines. In order to realize the safe recovery of the mining face of the outburst coal seam, it is necessary to realize the standard of mining drainage and the control of gas emission in essence. The soft coal seam has low hardness and poor air permeability, and there are problems such as difficult construction, easy collapse of the hole, and poor drainage effect when drilling along the bedding; with the development of technology, although there are large-scale directional drilling rigs, there are still directional long holes that cannot be drilled deep. And other problems have seriously affected the mining succession and are not conducive to safety management. In addition, the existing gas control method has a small gas control area, and there are problems that large-scale advanced gas control cannot be realized, and the efficiency is low, which seriously restricts the safe and efficient production of coal mines.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种针对松软突出煤层的大区域全时空瓦斯高效治理方法,以解决现有瓦斯治理过程中所存在的问题。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a large-area, full-time and space-time efficient gas control method for soft and outburst coal seams, so as to solve the problems existing in the existing gas control process.
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种松软突出煤层大区域全时空高效瓦斯治理方法,包括以下步骤:S1、布置煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔;S2、布置煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔;S3、接入抽采管路进行瓦斯抽采;A full-time and space-time high-efficiency gas control method for large areas of soft and outburst coal seams, comprising the following steps: S1, arranging high-level directional branch long drilling holes on the coal seam roof; S2, arranging low-level directional branch long drilling holes on the coal seam roof; S3, connecting to the drainage pipeline carry out gas extraction;
步骤S1中,煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔包括高位主孔和高位分支孔;其中高位主孔的合理空间施工位置包括煤层倾向方向的施工范围和铅直方向的施工层位;In step S1, the high-position directional branch long holes on the roof of the coal seam include the high-position main hole and the high-position branch hole; wherein the reasonable spatial construction position of the high-position main hole includes the construction range in the coal seam inclination direction and the construction layer in the vertical direction;
该高位主孔在煤层倾向方向上的施工范围为:W+Yp≤Y3≤L/3;The construction range of the high-level main hole in the direction of coal seam inclination is: W+Y p ≤ Y 3 ≤ L/3;
式中:W为回采工作面回风巷的宽度,单位为m;Yp为回采工作面回风巷的瓦斯排放带宽度,单位为m;L为回采工作面切眼的长度,单位为m;In the formula: W is the width of the return airway of the mining face, in m; Y p is the width of the gas discharge belt of the return airway of the mining face, in m; L is the length of the cut hole in the mining face, in m ;
该高位主孔在铅直方向上的施工层位的确定方法为:先确定高位主孔的施工排数N,再根据施工排数按照等差数列确定高位主孔的施工层位,以使各高位主孔的层位高度自回采工作面回风巷朝回采工作面中部依次变大;The method for determining the construction level of the high-level main hole in the vertical direction is as follows: firstly determine the construction row number N of the high-level main hole, and then determine the construction level of the high-level main hole according to the arithmetic sequence according to the number of construction rows, so that each high-level The layer height of the main hole gradually increases from the return airway of the mining face to the middle of the mining face;
其中施工排数N根据施工范围Y3和煤层的抽采半径r进行确定:The number of construction rows N is determined according to the construction range Y3 and the coal seam extraction radius r:
N=[L/3-(W+Yp)]÷2r+1;N=[L/3-(W+Y p )]÷2r+1;
式中:L为回采工作面切眼的长度,单位为m;Yp为回采工作面回风巷的瓦斯排放带宽度,单位为m;r为煤层的抽采半径,单位为m;In the formula: L is the length of the cut hole in the mining face, the unit is m; Yp is the width of the gas discharge belt of the return airway of the mining face, the unit is m; r is the extraction radius of the coal seam, the unit is m;
假设该施工层位h的范围为a~b,则等差数列的公差为(b-a)/N,那么第i、j、k个高位主孔的层位高度依次为a+i×(b-a)/N、a+j×(b-a)/N、a+k×(b-a)/N,以此类推,即可确定各高位主孔的施工层位;Assuming that the construction layer h ranges from a to b, then the tolerance of the arithmetic sequence is (b-a)/N, then the layer heights of the i, j, and k high-level main holes are a+i×( b-a)/N, a+j×(b-a)/N, a+k×(b-a)/N, and so on, the construction level of each high-level main hole can be determined;
步骤S2中,煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔包括低位主孔和低位分支孔;该低位主孔在铅直方向上布置在距离煤层顶板1~5m处。In step S2, the low-level directional branch long borehole on the coal seam roof includes a low-level main hole and a low-level branch hole; the low-level main hole is arranged at a distance of 1 to 5 m from the coal seam roof in the vertical direction.
进一步,步骤S1中,在煤层倾向方向上,相邻高位主孔间以及相邻高位分支孔间的设计间距均Y1,Y1为抽采半径r的2倍;在煤层走向方向上,高位主孔的钻孔设计长度大于回采工作面长度X,且超过20m以上。Further, in step S1, in the direction of coal seam inclination, the design spacing between adjacent high-level main holes and adjacent high-level branch holes is Y 1 , and Y 1 is twice the extraction radius r; in the direction of coal seam direction, the high-level The drilling design length of the main hole is greater than the length X of the mining face and exceeds 20m.
进一步,步骤S1中,高位主孔的合理空间施工位置确定后,分别在煤层倾向方向以及煤层走向方向上对高位分支孔进行设计;在煤层走向方向上,相邻高位分支孔以X1距离等间距布置。Further, in step S1, after the reasonable spatial construction position of the high-level main hole is determined, the high-level branch holes are designed in the direction of coal seam inclination and the direction of coal seam strike; Spacing arrangement.
进一步,各高位分支孔的施工长度通过终孔点控制,相邻两个高位分支孔的终孔点间距小于或等于抽采半径r的2倍。Furthermore, the construction length of each high-level branch hole is controlled by the end-hole point, and the distance between the end-hole points of two adjacent high-level branch holes is less than or equal to twice the drainage radius r.
进一步,步骤S1中,先施工高位主孔,当高位主孔施工至预定深度后,每间隔X1距离从高位主孔的孔底向孔口后退式依次施工高位分支孔。Further, in step S1, the high-level main hole is constructed first, and when the high-level main hole is constructed to a predetermined depth, the high-level branch holes are sequentially constructed at intervals of X 1 from the bottom of the high-level main hole to the hole opening.
进一步,步骤S1中,顶板裂隙带在回采工作面回风巷左右两侧一定范围内的煤层顶板处布置不同高度的高位主孔,以实现同时全覆盖抽采回采工作面和邻近层涌入裂隙带的瓦斯。Further, in step S1, high-level main holes of different heights are arranged at the roof of the coal seam within a certain range on the left and right sides of the return airway of the mining face in the roof fissure zone, so as to realize simultaneous full coverage of the mining face and adjacent layers pouring into the cracks Bring gas.
进一步,步骤S2中,在煤层倾向方向上,相邻低位主孔的设计间距均Y1,Y1为抽采半径r的2倍;在煤层走向方向上,低位主孔的钻孔设计长度大于回采工作面长度X,且超过20m以上。Further, in step S2, in the direction of coal seam inclination, the design spacing of adjacent low-level main holes is Y 1 , and Y 1 is twice the extraction radius r; in the direction of coal seam direction, the designed length of the low-level main holes The length of the mining face is X and exceeds 20m.
进一步,步骤S2中,在煤层走向方向上,相邻低位分支孔以X1距离等间距布置。Further, in step S2, in the direction of coal seam strike, adjacent low-level branch holes are arranged equidistantly at a distance of X1 .
进一步,X1为100~300m。Further, X 1 is 100 to 300 m.
进一步,在煤巷掘进过程中,将暴露在煤巷中的煤巷条带分支孔安装三通,引出一路管路,以同时抽采煤层和采空区瓦斯。Furthermore, during the coal roadway excavation process, a tee is installed in the coal roadway strip branch hole exposed in the coal roadway, and a pipeline is led out to simultaneously extract coal seam and goaf gas.
本发明的有益效果在于:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本治理方法采用煤层顶板高位、低位定向分支长钻孔实现了抽采松软煤层采掘过程中煤巷、裂隙带、上隅角、回采工作面、邻近层、采空区瓦斯的高效治理,解决了松软突出煤层所存在的施工难度大、易垮孔、抽采效果差、瓦斯治理区域小、不能大面积超前瓦斯治理、效率低等技术难题,对降低瓦斯治理工程量和成本、瓦斯治理效果、全时空高效瓦斯治理均具有重要意义。This control method adopts high-level and low-level directional branch long holes on the roof of the coal seam to realize the efficient control of gas in coal roadways, fissure zones, upper corners, mining working faces, adjacent layers, and goafs during the mining process of soft coal seams. Soft and outburst coal seams have technical problems such as difficult construction, easy hole collapse, poor drainage effect, small gas control area, inability to advance large-scale gas control, and low efficiency. All-time and space-time efficient gas control is of great significance.
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上,基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be set forth in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the investigation and research below, or can be obtained from Taught in the practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the following specification.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作优选的详细描述,其中:In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical solutions and advantages clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为松软突出煤层大区域全时空高效瓦斯治理平面布置示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the full-time and space-time high-efficiency gas control plan layout in a large area of soft outburst coal seam.
图2为煤层顶板高位、低位定向分支长钻孔在煤层倾向方向上的剖面布置示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the high and low directional branch long boreholes on the coal seam roof in the direction of the coal seam dip;
图3为煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔的低位主孔及低位分支孔在煤层走向方向上的剖面布置示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the low-level main hole and the low-level branch hole of the low-level directional branch long borehole on the coal seam roof in the coal seam direction;
图4为第1个高位主孔及高位分支孔在煤层走向方向上的剖面布置示意图;Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the first high-level main hole and high-level branch holes in the direction of coal seam strike;
图5为第i个高位主孔及高位分支孔在煤层走向方向上的剖面布置示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the i-th high-level main hole and high-level branch holes in the coal seam direction;
图6为第j个高位主孔及高位分支孔在煤层走向方向上的剖面布置示意图;Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the jth high-level main hole and high-level branch holes in the direction of coal seam strike;
图7为第k个高位主孔及高位分支孔在煤层走向方向上的剖面布置示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the kth high-level main hole and high-level branch holes in the direction of coal seam strike.
附图标记:Reference signs:
1-开拓上下山巷道;1- Open up and down the mountain lanes;
2-回采工作面运输巷;2- The transport lane of the mining face;
3-回采工作面回风巷;3- Air return lane of mining face;
4-回采工作面切眼;4-cut eye in mining face;
5-煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔的低位主孔;5-The low-level main hole of the low-level directional branch long drill hole on the roof of the coal seam;
6-煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中第k个高位主孔;6- The kth high-level main hole in the high-level directional branch long drill hole on the roof of the coal seam;
7-煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中第j个高位主孔;7- The jth high-level main hole in the high-level directional branch long drill hole on the roof of the coal seam;
8-煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中第i个高位主孔;8- The i-th high-level main hole in the high-level directional branch long drill hole on the roof of the coal seam;
9-煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中第1个高位主孔;9- The first high-level main hole in the high-level directional branch long drill hole on the roof of the coal seam;
10-煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中与高位主孔相接通的高位分支孔;10-The high-level branch hole connected with the high-level main hole in the high-level directional branch long drill hole on the roof of the coal seam;
11-煤层;11 - coal seam;
12-抽采管路;12 - Drainage pipeline;
13-煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔中与低位主孔相接通的低位分支孔;13-The low-level branch hole connected with the low-level main hole in the low-level directional branch long borehole of the coal seam roof;
X-回采工作面长度;X - the length of the mining face;
X1-在煤层走向方向上,相邻的分支孔间的设计间距;X 1 - the design spacing between adjacent branch holes in the direction of coal seam strike;
L-回采工作面切眼的长度;L - the length of the cut eye in the mining face;
W-回采工作面回风巷的宽度;W - the width of the air return lane of the mining face;
N-煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中高位主孔的施工排数;N- the number of construction rows of high-level main holes in the high-level directional branch long drill holes on the roof of the coal seam;
h-煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中各高位主孔的施工层位;h - the construction layers of each high-level main hole in the high-level directional branch long borehole of the coal seam roof;
hg1-第1个高位主孔的施工层位;h g1 - the construction level of the first high-level main hole;
hgi-第i个高位主孔的施工层位;h gi - the construction level of the i-th high main hole;
hgj-第j个高位主孔的施工层位;h gj - the construction level of the jth high main hole;
hgk-第k个高位主孔的施工层位;h gk - the construction level of the kth high main hole;
hd-在铅直方向上,低位主孔与煤层顶板间的距离;h d - the distance between the lower main hole and the coal seam roof in the vertical direction;
r-煤层的抽采半径,r - the extraction radius of the coal seam,
Y1-在煤层倾向方向上,相邻的主孔和分支孔间的设计间距;Y 1 - the design spacing between adjacent main holes and branch holes in the direction of coal seam inclination;
Y2-以回采工作面回风巷的下帮煤壁为界,在煤层倾向方向上,高位主孔在回采工作面回风巷左侧的施工范围;Y 2 - Bounded by the lower coal wall of the return airway of the mining face, in the direction of coal seam inclination, the construction range of the high-level main hole on the left side of the return airway of the mining face;
Y3-以回采工作面回风巷的下帮煤壁为界,在煤层倾向方向上,高位主孔在回采工作面回风巷右侧的施工范围;Y 3 - Bounded by the lower coal wall of the return airway of the mining face, in the direction of coal seam inclination, the construction range of the high-level main hole on the right side of the return airway of the mining face;
Yp-回采工作面回风巷的瓦斯排放带宽度。Y p - the width of the gas discharge zone of the return airway of the mining face.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用,在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需要说明的是,以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想,在不冲突的情况下,以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。Embodiments of the present invention are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation modes, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in this specification based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the diagrams provided in the following embodiments are only schematically illustrating the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other in the case of no conflict.
其中,附图仅用于示例性说明,表示的仅是示意图,而非实物图,不能理解为对本发明的限制;为了更好地说明本发明的实施例,附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小,并不代表实际产品的尺寸;对本领域技术人员来说,附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。Wherein, the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only, and represent only schematic diagrams, rather than physical drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention; in order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, Enlargement or reduction does not represent the size of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that certain known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.
本发明实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件;在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,若有术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明,不能理解为对本发明的限制,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。In the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar symbols correspond to the same or similar components; , "front", "rear" and other indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred devices or elements must It has a specific orientation, is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the understanding of the specific meaning of the above terms.
请参阅图1,本发明提供一种针对松软突出煤层的大区域全时空瓦斯高效治理方法,具体包括以下步骤:Please refer to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a large-area full-time and space-time gas efficient control method for soft and outburst coal seams, which specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1:设计、施工煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔。Step 1: Design and construct high-level directional branch long boreholes on the roof of the coal seam.
煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔包括高位主孔和高位分支孔。首先确定高位主孔的合理空间位置,然后对高位主孔和高位分支孔进行设计、施工,具体实施方法详述如下:The high-position directional branch long boreholes on the roof of the coal seam include high-position main holes and high-position branch holes. First determine the reasonable spatial position of the high-level main hole, and then design and construct the high-level main hole and high-level branch holes. The specific implementation methods are detailed as follows:
(1)确定高位主孔的合理空间施工位置(1) Determine the reasonable spatial construction position of the high main hole
高位主孔的合理空间施工位置主要包括煤层倾向方向的施工范围和铅直方向的施工层位,其确定方法如下:The reasonable spatial construction position of the high-level main hole mainly includes the construction scope in the coal seam inclination direction and the construction layer in the vertical direction. The determination method is as follows:
1)煤层倾向方向的施工范围1) The scope of construction in the direction of coal seam inclination
参照图1、图2,根据瓦斯治理要求,高位主孔在煤层倾向方向上应覆盖回采工作面回风巷3左右两侧一定范围,以回采工作面回风巷3的下帮煤壁为界,按照回采工作面推进方向将煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中的高位主孔分为左、右两侧。Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, according to the gas control requirements, the high-level main hole should cover a certain range on the left and right sides of the
将左侧的施工范围记为Y2,右侧的施工范围记为Y3。Let the construction scope on the left be Y 2 , and the construction scope on the right be Y 3 .
右侧的施工范围要覆盖回采工作面回风巷3及回采工作面回风巷的瓦斯排放带,故其计算公式为:Y3≥W+Yp;式中:W为回采工作面回风巷的宽度,单位为m;Yp为回采工作面回风巷的瓦斯排放带宽度,单位为m。The construction scope on the right should cover the
左侧的施工范围要避开采空区重新压实区,据经验公式,采空区重新压实区一般不大于工作面切眼长度L的1/3,记为Y3≤L/3。The construction scope on the left should avoid the re-compaction area of the goaf. According to the empirical formula, the re-compaction area of the goaf is generally not greater than 1/3 of the length L of the cutting hole of the working face, which is recorded as Y 3 ≤ L/3.
综上,(煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中)高位主孔在煤层倾向方向的施工范围为W+Yp≤Y3≤L/3。To sum up, the construction range of the high-level main hole in the dip direction of the coal seam (in the high-level directional branch long drilling of the roof of the coal seam) is W+Y p ≤ Y 3 ≤ L/3.
2)铅直方向施工层位2) Construction layers in the vertical direction
参照图2,搜集矿井综合柱状图、矿井地勘钻孔和已施工钻孔,分析煤层顶板岩层的岩性、力学参数,根据顶板“三带”理论,该煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔布置在顶板裂隙带中,铅直方向上,高位主孔的施工层位h的范围一般为煤层厚度M的2~5倍。Referring to Figure 2, collect the comprehensive column diagram of the mine, mine geological exploration drilling and drilled holes, analyze the lithology and mechanical parameters of the coal seam roof strata, and according to the roof "three zones" theory, the layout of the high-level directional branch long drilling holes in the coal seam roof In the roof fissure zone, in the vertical direction, the construction layer h of the high-level main hole is generally 2 to 5 times the thickness M of the coal seam.
由于顶板不同高度的瓦斯涌出量具有差异性,故在煤层顶板布置不同层位(高度)的煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔,可全覆盖抽采回采工作面和邻近层涌入裂隙带的瓦斯,各高位主孔的施工层位的确定方法如下:Due to the difference in the amount of gas emission at different heights of the roof, the high-level directional branch long boreholes on the roof of the coal seam with different layers (heights) are arranged on the roof of the coal seam, which can fully cover the extraction and recovery working face and the gas flowing into the fracture zone from adjacent layers. For gas, the determination method for the construction level of each high-level main hole is as follows:
参见图2,首先确定(煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中)高位主孔的施工排数N,然后根据施工排数N按照等差数列,沿回采工作面推进方向自回采工作面回风巷右侧起始设计层位高度h依次变大的高位主孔。Referring to Fig. 2, first determine the construction row number N of the high-level main hole (in the high-level directional branch long drilling hole of the coal seam roof), and then follow the arithmetic sequence according to the construction row number N, from the return airway of the mining face along the advancing direction of the mining face The initial design layer height h on the right is the high-level main hole that becomes larger in turn.
①高位主孔的施工排数① Construction rows of high-level main holes
(煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中)高位主孔的施工排数N可根据高位主孔在煤层倾向方向的施工范围Y3和煤层的抽采半径r进行确定,其计算公式如下:(In the high-level directional branch long drilling holes on the roof of the coal seam) the construction row number N of the high-level main holes can be determined according to the construction range Y3 of the high-level main holes in the coal seam inclination direction and the extraction radius r of the coal seam. The calculation formula is as follows:
N=[L/3-(W+Yp)]÷2r+1;N=[L/3-(W+Y p )]÷2r+1;
式中:L为回采工作面切眼的长度,单位为m;Yp为回采工作面回风巷的瓦斯排放带宽度,单位为m;r为煤层的抽采半径,单位为m。In the formula: L is the length of the cut hole of the mining face, in m; Y p is the width of the gas discharge belt of the return airway of the mining face, in m; r is the extraction radius of the coal seam, in m.
②高位主孔的施工层位②Construction layer of high main hole
假设(煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔中)高位主孔的施工层位h的范围为a~b,则等差数列的公差为(b-a)/N,那么第i、j、k个高位主孔的高度依次为a+i×(b-a)/N、a+j×(b-a)/N、a+k×(b-a)/N。以此类推,即可确定各高位主孔的施工层位。Assuming (in the high-level directional branch long drilling hole on the roof of the coal seam) that the construction layer h of the high-level main hole is in the range of a to b, then the tolerance of the arithmetic sequence is (b-a)/N, then the i, j, and kth The heights of the elevated main holes are a+i×(b-a)/N, a+j×(b-a)/N, a+k×(b-a)/N in sequence. By analogy, the construction layers of each high-level main hole can be determined.
(2)设计、施工高位主孔和高位分支孔(2) Design and construction of high-level main holes and high-level branch holes
1)设计高位主孔和高位分支孔1) Design high-level main holes and high-level branch holes
参见图3~6,高位主孔的合理空间位置确定之后,分别在煤层倾向方向、走向方向上对高位主孔和高位分支孔进行设计。Referring to Figures 3 to 6, after the reasonable spatial position of the high-level main hole is determined, the high-level main hole and high-level branch holes are designed in the direction of coal seam dip and strike direction.
在煤层倾向方向上,相邻高位主孔间以及相邻高位分支孔间的设计间距均Y1,Y1一般为抽采半径r的2倍。在煤层走向方向上,高位主孔的钻孔设计长度一般大于回采工作面长度X,且超过20m以上。In the direction of coal seam inclination, the design spacing between adjacent high-level main holes and adjacent high-level branch holes is Y 1 , and Y 1 is generally twice the extraction radius r. In the direction of the coal seam, the design length of the high-level main hole is generally greater than the length X of the mining face, and exceeds 20m.
在煤层走向方向上,相邻的高位分支孔间按照间距X1等间距设计,X1一般为100~300m,具体可根据煤层赋存进行确定。高位分支孔的施工长度通过终孔点控制,相邻两个高位分支孔的终孔点间距小于或等于抽采半径r的2倍。In the direction of coal seam strike, the adjacent high-level branch holes are designed at an equal interval of X 1 , and X 1 is generally 100-300m, which can be determined according to the occurrence of coal seams. The construction length of the high-level branch holes is controlled by the end-hole point, and the distance between the end-hole points of two adjacent high-level branch holes is less than or equal to twice the extraction radius r.
将以上参数根据输入智能钻机施工参数设计软件即可实现分支孔的施工设计,下文相同。The construction design of the branch hole can be realized by inputting the above parameters into the construction parameter design software of the intelligent drilling rig, the same below.
2)施工高位主孔和高位分支孔2) Construction of high-level main holes and high-level branch holes
高位主孔和高位分支孔施工参数设计完成之后,按照设计参数进行施工。先施工高位主孔,当高位主孔施工至预定深度后,每间隔X1距离从高位主孔的孔底向孔口后退式依次施工高位分支孔。After the design of the construction parameters of the high-level main hole and the high-level branch hole is completed, the construction shall be carried out according to the design parameters. The high-level main hole is constructed first, and when the high-level main hole is constructed to the predetermined depth, the high-level branch holes are constructed sequentially from the bottom of the high-level main hole to the hole at an interval of X 1 .
步骤2:设计、施工煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔Step 2: Design and construction of long boreholes with directional branches at low positions on the roof of the coal seam
(1)设计低位主孔和低位分支孔(1) Design the low main hole and the low branch hole
参见图1、图2,煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔的施工范围为煤层顶板高位定向分支长钻孔的以外区域。参见图7,煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔分为低位主孔和低位分支孔,煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔的低位主孔在铅直方向上一般布置在距离煤层顶板1~5m处。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the construction range of the low-level directional branch long drilling on the coal seam roof is outside the area of the high-level directional branch long drilling on the coal seam roof. Referring to Figure 7, the low-level directional branch long boreholes on the coal seam roof are divided into low-position main holes and low-position branch holes. The low-position main holes of the low-position directional branch long boreholes on the coal seam roof are generally arranged at a distance of 1 to 5 m from the coal seam roof in the vertical direction.
参见图1、图2,煤层顶板低位定向分支长钻孔的低位主孔和低位分支孔的设计参数和高位主孔以及高位分支孔的设计参数相同。即在煤层倾向方向上,相邻低位主孔间和相邻低位分支孔间的设计间距均Y1,Y1为抽采半径r的2倍;在煤层走向方向上,低位主孔的钻孔设计长度大于回采工作面长度X,且超过20m以上。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the design parameters of the low-position main hole and the low-position branch hole of the low-position directional branch long borehole on the coal seam roof are the same as those of the high-position main hole and the high-position branch hole. That is, in the direction of coal seam inclination, the design spacing between adjacent low-level main holes and adjacent low-level branch holes is Y 1 , and Y 1 is twice the extraction radius r; The design length is greater than the length X of the mining face and exceeds 20m.
在煤层走向方向上,相邻低位分支孔以X1距离等间距布置,X1一般为100~300m,具体根据煤层赋存进行确定。低位分支孔的施工长度通过终孔点控制,相邻两个低位分支孔的终孔点间距小于或等于抽采半径r的2倍。In the direction of coal seam strike, the adjacent low-level branch holes are arranged at equal intervals of X 1 , and X 1 is generally 100-300m, which is determined according to the occurrence of coal seams. The construction length of the low-level branch holes is controlled by the end-hole point, and the distance between the end-hole points of two adjacent low-level branch holes is less than or equal to twice the extraction radius r.
(2)施工低位主孔和低位分支孔(2) Construction of low main hole and low branch hole
参见图1~2,施工方法和高位主孔以及高位分支孔相同,即先施工低位主孔,当低位主孔施工预定深度后,每间隔X1从低位主孔的孔底向孔口后退式依次施工低位分支孔。See Figures 1-2, the construction method is the same as that of the high-position main hole and the high-position branch hole, that is, the low-position main hole is constructed first, and when the low-position main hole is constructed to a predetermined depth, every interval X 1 is retreated from the bottom of the low-position main hole to the orifice. Construct the lower branch holes sequentially.
步骤3:接入抽采管路进行瓦斯抽采。Step 3: Connect the drainage pipeline for gas drainage.
参照图1,根据防突要求,将每个回采工作面的低位、高位定向分支长钻孔分别单独划分为1个抽采单元,并分别单独接入抽采管路进行抽采瓦斯抽采量计量。然后根据瓦斯抽采量进行瓦斯抽采达标评判,当煤巷条带区域瓦斯抽采达标后方可进行煤巷掘进作业;回采区域瓦斯抽采达标后方可进行回采作业。Referring to Figure 1, according to the outburst prevention requirements, the low-level and high-level directional branch long boreholes of each mining face are separately divided into a drainage unit, and the drainage pipelines are separately connected to the gas drainage volume measure. Then, according to the amount of gas drainage, the evaluation of gas drainage compliance is carried out. When the gas drainage in the coal roadway strip area reaches the standard, the coal roadway excavation operation can be carried out; after the gas drainage in the mining area reaches the standard, the mining operation can be carried out.
瓦斯抽采达标评判后进行煤巷掘进,在煤巷掘进过程中,将暴露在煤巷中的煤巷条带分支孔安装三通,引出一路管路和采空区管路相连,为工作面回采时抽采采空区瓦斯做好准备,原有的分支孔继续抽采裂隙带、上隅角瓦斯,从而实现松软煤层大区域全时空高效治理瓦斯,这样即可实现抽采松软煤层采掘过程中煤巷、裂隙带、上隅角、回采工作面、邻近层、采空区的瓦斯。此过程说明仅以一个回采工作面为例,其他邻近工作面根据采掘接替以此类推。After the evaluation of gas drainage standards, the coal roadway excavation is carried out. During the coal roadway excavation process, the branch holes of the coal roadway strips exposed in the coal roadway are installed with tees, and the leading pipeline is connected with the goaf pipeline, which is the working face. Prepare for gob gas drainage during mining, and the original branch holes continue to drain gas in fractured areas and upper corners, so as to realize efficient gas control in a large area of soft coal seams in all time and space, so as to realize the mining process of soft coal seams Gas in middle coal roadway, fissure zone, upper corner, mining face, adjacent layers and goaf. This process description only takes one mining face as an example, and the other adjacent working faces can be deduced according to the excavation succession.
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution, should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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