CN116004042A - Environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116004042A CN116004042A CN202211694941.0A CN202211694941A CN116004042A CN 116004042 A CN116004042 A CN 116004042A CN 202211694941 A CN202211694941 A CN 202211694941A CN 116004042 A CN116004042 A CN 116004042A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 40 parts of powder silicate, 2 to 8 parts of curing agent, 30 to 80 parts of flame retardant, 20 to 50 parts of functional filler and 0.5 to 2 parts of thickener. The preparation method comprises the following steps: powder silicate, flame retardant, curing agent, functional filler and thickener are weighed according to the proportion, put into a powder stirring and dispersing grinder, and stirred and dispersed for 10-40 min at the rotating speed of 1000-2000 rpm, thus obtaining the powdery environment-friendly inorganic fireproof coating. The preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the production process is safe and environment-friendly; the prepared steel structure fireproof coating has no formaldehyde and VOC emission, is environment-friendly, has excellent durability, safety and fireproof performance, and can solve the problems of thick coating cracking, peeling and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coatings, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The steel structure has the advantages of high strength, light weight, easy processing, strong deformation resistance, good durability, recycling, excellent earthquake resistance, low cost, small occupied area, high industrialization degree and the like, is one of the most main building structure types, and is widely used as an important bearing member in the fields of large-scale factory buildings, stadiums, overhead warehouses, large farm markets, airports, stations, super high-rise buildings and the like. However, the steel structure has its fatal weak point that although it does not burn itself, the formation of an extremely easily flaked iron oxide film that is not protective under high temperature conditions causes extremely poor oxidation resistance. The temperature of the general indoor fire can reach 800-900 ℃ within 10 minutes, and the bare steel can be reduced by 40-45% to cause collapse of the building. Therefore, fire protection is generally required for steel structural building elements.
Fire retardant coatings are the most effective and widely used fire retardant measures in steel structures. In practical engineering application, steel structure fireproof paint is generally classified into thick type, thin type and ultrathin type steel structure fireproof paint according to the thickness of the coating, wherein the application amount of the ultrathin type fireproof paint is the largest, and the ultrathin type steel structure fireproof paint accounts for about 70% of the total yield of the market fireproof paint. At present, the steel structure fireproof paint mainly has the following problems:
(1) Environmental protection problem: the common Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, toluene and xylene in the fireproof paint mainly come from solvents and diluents, and according to the latest market research, the VOC values of the steel structure fireproof paint are larger than 300g/L, so that the steel structure fireproof paint seriously pollutes the atmosphere and endangers the human health. The water-based fireproof paint is an effective measure for solving the problems, for example, the patent with publication number CN111548696A discloses a method for preparing the water-based organic fireproof paint by taking fluorine-silicon emulsion and silicone-acrylic emulsion as raw materials, but the VOC emission problem is not solved yet; the patent with publication number CN 113698804A discloses an anti-cracking water-resistant all-inorganic coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein an organic defoaming agent, a leveling agent, a hydrophobing agent, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent are still used in the coating;
(2) Durability problems: the cement-based or gypsum-based thick fireproof paint has the defects of large self weight, poor decoration and the like, so that the paint can be only applied to certain outdoor steel structures with low requirements on appearance; the water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating has the problems of poor ageing resistance, poor corrosion resistance, easy precipitation of fillers such as ammonium polyphosphate and the like due to water absorption, cracking, falling off and the like of the coating after long-term use; in addition, the expansion carbon layer formed at high temperature is not firm enough and is easy to be broken by flame, so that the fireproof performance of the coating is poor, the smoke quantity is increased, and the expansion performance of the expansion type fireproof coating is lost if the expansion type fireproof coating is in a humid environment, so that the fireproof effect is affected;
(3) Safety problem: most of the expansion type steel structure fireproof paint is a P-N system, the expansion flame-retardant system comprises acid sources such as ammonium polyphosphate, melamine phosphate and the like, carbon sources such as polyalcohol, chlorinated (or brominated) paraffin, starch and the like, air sources such as urea, dicyandiamide, guanidine and the like, and NH (NH) can be released when meeting fire 3 HCN, hydrogen halide, NO x 、CO、Cl 2 、Br 2 Toxic and harmful gases; in addition, the self-combustion of the organic film forming material can also generate partial toxic and harmful gases; if the concentration of these gases exceeds the tolerance limit of the human body, the gas will cause harm to people who do not escape from the fire scene in time and firefighters;
(4) The process is complicated: in general, multiple coating is a common measure to solve such problems due to the risk of cracking and flaking of a single thick coating, as disclosed in the patent publication No. CN 113480928A as a fire retardant coating, which requires 5 applications to achieve a thickness of 1mm, greatly increasing time and construction costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the production process is safe and environment-friendly; the prepared steel structure fireproof coating has no formaldehyde and VOC emission, is environment-friendly, has excellent durability, safety and fireproof performance, and can solve the problems of thick coating cracking, peeling and the like.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an environment-friendly all-inorganic fireproof coating for steel structures, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 40 parts of powder silicate, 2 to 8 parts of curing agent, 30 to 80 parts of flame retardant, 20 to 50 parts of functional filler and 0.5 to 2 parts of thickener.
Preferably, the powder silicate is one or two of powder sodium silicate and powder potassium silicate, and the modulus of the powder silicate is 2.5-4.0.
Preferably, the curing agent is one or more of polyaluminum phosphate, zinc aluminum phosphate and zinc phosphate.
Preferably, the flame retardant is one or more of magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, basic zinc carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, dolomite and calcium carbonate; the average grain diameter of the magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, the basic zinc carbonate, the basic magnesium carbonate, the magnesium carbonate and the dolomite is 5-50 mu m; the average particle size of the calcium carbonate is 10-50 nm.
Preferably, the functional filler is one or more of sepiolite fiber, magnesium aluminum silicate fiber and aluminum silicate fiber; the average length of the functional filler is 70-300 mu m.
Preferably, the thickening agent is one or two of FZ-30 attapulgite whiskers and FZ-40 attapulgite whiskers.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention also provides a preparation method of the environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint, which comprises the following steps: powder silicate, flame retardant, curing agent, functional filler and thickener are weighed according to the proportion, put into a powder stirring and dispersing grinder, and stirred and dispersed for 10-40 min at the rotating speed of 1000-2000 rpm, thus obtaining the powdery environment-friendly inorganic fireproof coating.
When in use, the water and the powdery environment-friendly inorganic fireproof paint are weighed according to the weight ratio of 1 (2-4) and are uniformly stirred for use.
In the invention, the powder silicate is used as a film forming material to form a three-dimensional reticular coating structure on the surface of the steel structure and has high temperature resistance.
According to the invention, the aluminum polyphosphate, the zinc aluminum phosphate and the zinc phosphate promote the curing film formation of the coating, so that the water resistance of the coating is improved.
The fire retardant of the invention absorbs a large amount of heat and releases a large amount of H at high temperature of fire 2 O and CO 2 Diluting air, reducing oxygen concentration and delaying combustion reaction.
The functional filler mineral fiber in the invention strengthens the coating, prevents the cracking and peeling of the coating, has the heat insulation function and delays the temperature rise of the steel structure.
The thickener attapulgite whisker in the invention improves the construction performance of the paint.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The environmental protection performance is excellent: the invention uses powder inorganic silicate as film forming material, uses inorganic matters with various functions as functional filler, uses water as solvent, does not use any organic film forming material and auxiliary agent, does not generate any poisonous and harmful smoke in fire high temperature environment, and fundamentally solves the problems of high VOC emission, environmental pollution and harm to human health of fireproof paint.
(2) Excellent water resistance: the curing agent hydrolyzes H in water environment + Forming a firm three-dimensional network structure with the dissolved silicate; the-OH hydroxyl in the alkali silicate and the-OH hydroxyl on the surface of the steel structure or the water-based primer form firm chemical bonding through chemical reaction, so that the coating has good bonding strength.
(3) Excellent fire resistance: in the process of increasing the ambient temperature, the thermal decomposition temperature of the magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, the basic zinc carbonate, the basic magnesium carbonate, the dolomite and the nano calcium carbonate with average particle size is sequentially increased from about 190 ℃ to 760 ℃, so that the environmental heat is absorbed and a large amount of H is released 2 O and CO 2 H while slowing down the temperature rise of the surface of the steel structure 2 O and CO 2 The air on the surface of the steel structure is diluted, so that the oxygen concentration is reduced, the combustion reaction speed is reduced, and partial heat is taken away by volatilization of water vapor, so that the temperature of the surface of the steel structure is maintained; the components with different thermal decomposition temperatures in the fireproof coating form a gradient fireproof barrier at different stages in the combustion process, so that the spread of fire is delayed; in addition, sepiolite fiber, aluminum magnesium silicate fiber and aluminum silicate fiber are uniformly distributed in the coating to strengthen the coating, so that the problem of cracking of the fireproof coating layer is solved; meanwhile, the fibers have extremely low heat conductivity coefficient, so that the conduction of external heat to the inside of the coating is shielded, and the rise of the surface temperature of the steel structure is delayed.
(4) The process is simplified, and the cost is reduced: the fireproof paint provided by the invention is prepared from inorganic mineral materials, has low cost and simplified production process, and the thickener ensures the serious sagging problem during the coating of the fireproof coating, so that the fireproof paint can be thick coated for 5-8 mm at one time, the coating times are reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint comprises the following steps:
according to the proportion, 20 parts of powder potassium silicate with the modulus of 2.8, 5 parts of aluminum tripolyphosphate, 10 parts of magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite with the average particle size of 20 mu m, 20 parts of basic magnesium carbonate with the average particle size of 50 mu m, 15 parts of magnesium carbonate with the average particle size of 30 mu m, 18 parts of dolomite with the average particle size of 10 mu m, 12 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the average particle size of 10nm, 24 parts of sepiolite fiber with the length of 220 mu m, 10 parts of aluminum silicate fiber with the length of 160 mu m and 2 parts of FZ-30 attapulgite whisker are put into a powder stirring and dispersing grinder, stirred and ground for 20min at the rotating speed of 1100rpm, and then taken out to obtain the powdery environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint.
Weighing 90 parts of the powdery environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint and 30 parts of water, slowly adding the fireproof paint powder into deionized water under the stirring condition, uniformly stirring, and coating the fireproof paint powder on a surface area of 1m by adopting a blade coating mode 2 The surface of the Q235 carbon steel of (2) is scraped and coated for 1 time, the thickness of a wet film is 8mm, a sample is immediately placed into a sealed glass box after the scraping and coating, after 24 hours, the air quality in the glass box is tested by using a WP6930S color screen intelligent air quality detector, and formaldehyde and VOC are not detected in the air in the box before and after the scraping and coating of the fireproof paint. The full inorganic environment-friendly steel structure fireproof paint disclosed by the embodiment has the advantages of no air pollution and excellent environment-friendly performance. The comprehensive performance parameters are shown in table 1, and as can be seen from table 1, the comprehensive performance of the all-inorganic environment-friendly steel structure fireproof coating prepared by the embodiment is excellent.
Comparative example 1
In the comparative example, the commercial NCB-OASIS indoor ultrathin steel structure fireproof paint is coated on the surface of 1m 2 The surface of Q235 carbon steel of (2) is controlled to have a wet film thickness of 2mm, then a sample is immediately placed into a closed glass box, and under the same conditions, the air quality in the box is tested by using a WP6930S color screen intelligent air quality detector, and the contents of formaldehyde and TVOC are respectively 0.05mg/m 3 And 0.11mg/m 3 And has a slightly pungent odor as shown in table 1. Therefore, the paint prepared by the invention is more environment-friendly than the paint sold on the market.
TABLE 1 Main Performance index of the coatings of examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 and 2
Example 2
The preparation method of the environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint comprises the following steps:
10 parts of powder sodium silicate with the modulus of 3.0, 1 part of aluminum tripolyphosphate, 3 parts of zinc aluminum phosphate, 8 parts of basic zinc carbonate with the average particle diameter of 50 mu m, 10 parts of basic magnesium carbonate with the average particle diameter of 30 mu m, 15 parts of magnesium carbonate with the average particle diameter of 25 mu m, 9 parts of dolomite with the average particle diameter of 40 mu m, 8 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the average particle diameter of 30nm, 12 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate fiber with the length of 150 mu m, 18 parts of aluminum silicate fiber with the length of 70 mu m and 1.5 parts of FZ-40 attapulgite whisker are proportionally put into a powder stirring and dispersing grinder, stirred and ground for 40min at the rotating speed of 1050rpm, and then taken out to obtain the powdery environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating.
60 parts of the powdery environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint and 15 parts of water are weighed, then the fireproof paint powder is slowly added into deionized water under the stirring condition, and after uniform stirring, the steel structure is coated on the surface of the pretreated steel structure or the steel structure coated with the water-based primer. In this example, the performance parameters of the environmental protection all-inorganic steel structure fire retardant coating are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example uses the same preparation process as example 2, except that: the magnesium oxide and the calcium oxide with the same mass parts are adopted to replace basic zinc carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, dolomite and nano calcium carbonate to prepare the coating. The temperature of the back surface of the Q235 carbon steel was raised by 550 ℃ within 20 minutes as shown in table 1. Therefore, the coating prepared by the invention has more excellent fire resistance.
Example 3
The preparation method of the environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint comprises the following steps:
40 parts of powder potassium silicate with the modulus of 4.0, 4 parts of zinc aluminum phosphate, 21 parts of magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite with the average particle size of 10 mu m, 25 parts of basic magnesium carbonate with the average particle size of 15 mu m, 15 parts of dolomite with the average particle size of 35 mu m, 18 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the average particle size of 25nm, 16 parts of sepiolite fiber with the length of 300 mu m, 24 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate fiber with the length of 120 mu m, 0.6 part of FZ-30 attapulgite whisker and 0.8 part of FZ-40 attapulgite crystal are weighed according to the proportion, placed into a powder stirring and dispersing grinder, stirred and ground for 20min at the rotating speed of 1800rpm, and taken out to obtain the powdery environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint.
100 parts of the powdery environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint and 30 parts of water are weighed, then the fireproof paint powder is slowly added into deionized water under the stirring condition, and after uniform stirring, the steel structure is coated on the surface of the pretreated steel structure or the steel structure coated with the water-based primer. In this example, the performance parameters of the environmental protection all-inorganic steel structure fire retardant coating are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example uses the same preparation process as example 3, except that: the coating is prepared by adopting the alumina with the same mass parts to replace sepiolite fiber and magnesium aluminum silicate fiber. The temperature of the backside of the Q235 carbon steel was increased by 540℃in 30 minutes as shown in Table 2. Therefore, the coating prepared by the invention has more excellent fire resistance.
TABLE 2 Main Performance index of the coatings of examples 3 and 4 and comparative example 3 and 4
Example 4
The preparation method of the environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint comprises the following steps:
10 parts of powder potassium silicate with the modulus of 2.5, 15 parts of powder sodium silicate with the modulus of 3.2, 7 parts of aluminum tripolyphosphate, 15 parts of magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite with the average particle size of 40 mu m, 22 parts of basic zinc carbonate with the average particle size of 15 mu m, 13 parts of magnesium carbonate with the average particle size of 25 mu m, 14 parts of dolomite with the average particle size of 20 mu m, 8 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the average particle size of 25nm, 10 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate fiber with the length of 250 mu m, 16 parts of aluminum silicate fiber with the length of 200 mu m and 1.2 parts of FZ-40 attapulgite whisker are proportionally weighed, placed into a powder stirring dispersion grinder, stirred and ground for 30min at the rotating speed of 1000rpm, and taken out to obtain the powdery environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating.
80 parts of the powdery environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint and 40 parts of water are weighed, then the fireproof paint powder is slowly added into deionized water under the stirring condition, and after uniform stirring, the steel structure is coated on the surface of the pretreated steel structure or the steel structure coated with the water-based primer. In this example, the performance parameters of the environmental protection all-inorganic steel structure fire retardant coating are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example used the same preparation as in example 4, except that: the coating was prepared without aluminum tripolyphosphate. After the fireproof paint is dried and soaked in tap water for 23 hours, the phenomena of layer lifting, swelling, powder falling and turbidity of water quality appear on the coating, and the phenomena are shown in table 2. Therefore, the paint prepared by the invention has more excellent water resistance.
The example results show that the environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating obtained by the process has the functions of environmental protection, water resistance, crack resistance and fireproof, is easy to control, and is suitable for industrial production.
Claims (7)
1. The environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof paint is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 40 parts of powder silicate, 2 to 8 parts of curing agent, 30 to 80 parts of flame retardant, 20 to 50 parts of functional filler and 0.5 to 2 parts of thickener.
2. The environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating according to claim 1, wherein the powder silicate is one or two of powder sodium silicate and powder potassium silicate, and the powder silicate has a modulus of 2.5-4.0.
3. The environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the curing agent is one or more of polyaluminium phosphate, zinc aluminum phosphate and zinc phosphate.
4. The environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flame retardant is one or more of magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, basic zinc carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, dolomite and nano calcium carbonate; the average grain diameter of the magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, the basic zinc carbonate, the basic magnesium carbonate, the magnesium carbonate and the dolomite is 5-50 mu m; the average grain diameter of the nano calcium carbonate is 10-50 nm.
5. The environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the functional filler is one or more of sepiolite fiber, magnesium aluminum silicate fiber and aluminum silicate fiber; the average length of the functional filler is 70-300 mu m.
6. The environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickener is one or two of FZ-30 attapulgite whisker and FZ-40 attapulgite whisker.
7. A method for preparing the environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
powder silicate, flame retardant, curing agent, functional filler and thickener are weighed according to a certain proportion, put into a powder stirring and dispersing grinder, and stirred and dispersed for 10-40 min at a rotating speed of 1000-2000 rpm, so that the powdery environment-friendly all-inorganic steel structure fireproof coating is obtained.
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