CN116003312A - 一种制备间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN116003312A
CN116003312A CN202210519999.5A CN202210519999A CN116003312A CN 116003312 A CN116003312 A CN 116003312A CN 202210519999 A CN202210519999 A CN 202210519999A CN 116003312 A CN116003312 A CN 116003312A
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王晓晨
周新悦
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Nankai University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的方法,包括:S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,向反应瓶加入催化剂、溶剂、频那醇硼烷和吡啶,搅拌,在40~100°C反应2~12小时得到二氢吡啶;S2,向反应瓶加入三氟甲硫基试剂、二氟甲硫基试剂或三氟甲基试剂,搅拌,于室温~80°C至反应2~12小时得到三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的二氢吡啶;S3,将反应瓶置于空气中或加入2,3‑二氯‑5,6‑二氰基苯醌,搅拌,室温下反应4~12小时,再减压蒸馏除去溶剂,柱层析分离,得到间位取代的吡啶化合物。该方法不使用过渡金属催化剂、反应条件温和、选择性好、官能团兼容性广,可用于药物分子的后期官能团化修饰。

Description

一种制备间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化学合成领域,特别是涉及一种制备间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或者三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的方法。
背景技术
作为一种优势基团,吡啶结构在药物分子中广泛存在。但是由于吡啶结构极性较高,导致含有吡啶结构的药物分子通常亲脂性较差,而三氟甲硫基具有较高的亲脂性(π=1.44),因此将三氟甲硫基引入到含吡啶结构的药物分子中可以有效调节药物分子的脂溶性和代谢稳定性;另一方面,二氟甲硫基含有氢键,同样可以有效调节药物的化学性质,改善药物的生物活性;三氟甲基作为甲基的生物电子等排体,是药物分子中最常见的含氟官能团之一,可以增强药物分子的代谢稳定性以及调节亲脂性。因此发展直接、高效、通用的吡啶三氟甲硫基化、二氟甲硫基化和三氟甲基化的方法具有较高的应用价值。
由于吡啶为缺电子芳环,其亲电取代反应活性较低,因此直接亲电三氟甲硫基化、二氟甲硫基化或者三氟甲基化通常只能发生在连有富电子官能团的吡啶环上。目前较为通用的在吡啶间位引入三氟甲硫基或者二氟甲硫基的方法有两种,一种是将吡啶锂试剂与相应的强亲电试剂(亲电三氟甲硫化或者二氟甲硫化试剂)反应得到相应产物(S.Alazet,L.Zimmer,T.Billard.J.Fluorine.Chem.2015,171,78;M.R.C.Gerstenberger,A.Haas.J.Fluorine.Chem.1983,23,525;A.Haas,U.Niemann.J.Fluorine.Chem.1978,11,509.):
Figure BDA0003641235550000011
另一种是官能团转化的方法,即:将吡啶上其他官能团转化为三氟甲硫基或者二氟甲硫基(C.Pooput,M.Medebielle,W.R.Dolbier.Org.Lett.2004,6,301;I.Kieltsch,P.Eisenberger,A.Togni.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2007,46,754;V.P.Mehta,M.F.Greaney.Org.Lett.2013,15,5036;F.Baert,J.Colomb,T.Billard.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,10382;G.Teverovskiy,D.S.Surry,S.L.Buchwald.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2011,50,7312;J.Yang,M.Jiang,Y.Jin,H.Yang,H.Fu.Org.Lett.2017,19,2758;J.Wu,Y.Liu,C.Lua,Q.Shen.Chem.Sci.2016,7,3757;J.Wu,Y.Gu,X.Leng,Q.Shen.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2015,54,7648.):
Figure BDA0003641235550000021
其中X为SCN、SH、SPy、Cl、Br、I、B(OH)2、BF3K、N2 +或COOH。
但上述两种方法均有较大的局限性。例如第一种方法中,为制备底物通常需要较强的碱,因此官能团耐受性较差,方法应用范围有限;而第二种方法需要将底物预先官能团化,对于不含相应官能团的底物则难以实现相应转化。
吡啶的直接三氟甲基化目前主要有两种方法,其一是通过自由基反应(Y.Ji,T.Brueckl,R.D.Baxter,Y.Fujiwara,I.B.Seiple,S.Su,D.G.Blackmond,P.S.Baran.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.2011,108,14411;D.A.Nagib,D.W.C.MacMillan.Nature 2011,480,224;Y.Fujiwara,J.A.Dixon,F.O’Hara,E.D.Funder,D.D.Dixon,R.A.Rodriguez,R.D.Baxter,B.Herlé,N.Sach,M.R.Collins,Y.Ishihara,P.S.Baran.Nature 2012,492,95;F.O’Hara,D.G.Blackmond,P.S.Baran.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2013,135,12122):
Figure BDA0003641235550000022
其二是通过有机膦配体偶联的方式实现吡啶对位的三氟甲基化(X.Zhang,K.G.Nottingham,C.Patel,J.V.Alegre-Requena,J.N.Levy,R.S.Paton,A.McNally.Nature2021,594,217.):
Figure BDA0003641235550000023
上述两种方法的主要问题在于:第一种方法通常得到吡啶的不同位置被三氟甲基化的混合产物,即反应的区域选择性不好;第二种方法需要在-78℃这样比较苛刻的温度条件下进行且实现的是在吡啶的对位引入三氟甲基。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种制备间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的方法,该方法中的官能团兼容性高、无需预先官能团化、反应条件温和、易于放大生产,同时具有较好的化学选择性和区域选择性。
为此,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种制备间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,制备1,4-二氢吡啶或1,2-二氢吡啶:
在充满氮气的手套箱中,向反应瓶中加入催化剂、溶剂、频那醇硼烷和吡啶,搅拌,使其充分反应,得到二氢吡啶,其反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000031
其中:
所述催化剂为三芳基硼,其与吡啶的摩尔比为(5-10):100,其结构式为:B(R4)3,其中,R4为苯基、五氟苯基、3,5-二(三氟甲基)取代的苯基或2,4,6-三氟取代的苯基;
所述频那醇硼烷与吡啶的当量比为1.1:1;
所述溶剂为四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、二氧六环、1,2-二氯乙烷或芳香溶剂;
反应温度为40~100℃,反应时间为2~12小时;
S2,二氢吡啶的亲电取代反应:
向上述反应瓶中加入三氟甲硫基试剂、二氟甲硫基试剂或三氟甲基试剂,在氮气氛围中搅拌至反应结束,得到间位被三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的二氢吡啶,其反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000032
其中,反应温度为室温~80℃,反应时间为2~12小时;
S3,氧化芳构化得到间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或者三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物:
将上述反应瓶置于空气中或加入2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基苯醌,搅拌至完全反应,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,再进行柱层析分离,得到间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或者三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物,其反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000041
其中:
所述2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基苯醌与吡啶的当量比为1.5:1
反应温度为室温,反应时间为4~12小时;
在上述吡啶、二氢吡啶和间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的结构式中,R1为氢、烷基、芳基、取代芳基或杂芳基取代基;R2为氢、烷基、卤素、胺基、醚基、酯基、芳基、取代芳基或杂芳基取代基;R3为氢、烷基、芳基、取代芳基或杂芳基取代基。
优选的是,在步骤S2中,所述的三氟甲硫基试剂为:
Figure BDA0003641235550000042
所述的二氟甲硫基试剂为
Figure BDA0003641235550000043
所述的三氟甲基试剂为
Figure BDA0003641235550000044
Figure BDA0003641235550000045
优选的是,上述结构式中,所述X-为BF4 -、TfO-、Cl-、Br-或I-;所述R5为芳基或取代芳基;所述R6为氢或氟。
当所述R1为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基优选为呋喃基或噻吩基。
当所述R2为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基优选为呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基。
当所述R2为卤素时,所述卤素为氯、溴、碘。
当所述R3为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基为呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基。
本发明以硼路易斯酸为催化剂,利用吡啶的去芳构化—再芳构化策略来实现吡啶间位的三氟甲硫基化、二氟甲硫基化或三氟甲基化:首先由硼路易斯酸催化,吡啶与频那醇硼烷反应生成富电子的1,4-二氢吡啶或者1,2-二氢吡啶,使其易于与亲电的三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基试剂发生反应;第二步发生二氢吡啶的三氟甲硫基化、二氟甲硫基化或三氟甲基化;最后进行氧化再芳构化,得到间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基和三氟甲基取代的吡啶产物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明无需使用价格相对昂贵的金属试剂,而是以硼路易斯酸作为催化剂,既有利于保护环境,同时又降低了生产成本,易于放大生产;
2.本发明中,三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代反应仅发生在吡啶间位,在吡啶邻位、对位以及其它芳环上不能发生,具有较好的化学选择性和区域选择性;
3.本发明在相对温和的条件中发生,反应在室温到80℃的条件下都能得到产物;
4.本发明所得产物易于进一步转化为砜、亚砜产物,因此在医药、农药、材料科学等方面都有广泛应用;
5.本发明的底物适用范围广,对邻位、间位和对位的单取代或多取代吡啶均有较高的反应活性,同时对于含吡啶结构的药物分子的后期官能团化修饰有较好的适用性,可应用于药物的研发和生产;
6.本发明中的官能团兼容性强,取代基可以是烷基、卤素、胺基、醚基、酯基、芳基、取代芳基或杂芳基取代基等;
7.本发明可以放大至克级规模,在降低催化剂的用量为5mol%的同时仍保持较高产率,且副产物可回收重新利用,从而降低了生产成本,具有较好的绿色化学性质。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的方法进行详细说明。
以下实施例的反应式中,LA为催化剂;HBpin为频那醇硼烷;THF为四氢呋喃;DCM为二氯甲烷;Toluene为甲苯;equiv为当量。
实施例1
一种制备3-苯基-5-三氟甲硫基吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,硼氢化反应制备二氢吡啶:在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和3-苯基吡啶(1a)31.0mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在80℃下反应5小时,得到3-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000061
其中,催化剂LA为B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3,结构式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000062
S2,二氢吡啶的亲电取代反应:体系冷却至室温,将62.3mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)N-三氟甲硫基糖精(2a)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在80℃下反应2小时,生成3-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-5-三氟甲硫基-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000063
S3,氧化芳构化得到间位取代的吡啶化合物:体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,在空气中搅拌4小时,生成3-苯基-5-三氟甲硫基吡啶(3-Phenyl-5-trifluoromethylthiopyridine)(3a),反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000064
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-苯基-5-三氟甲硫基吡啶,其为无色油,收率为94%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.94(s,1H),8.81(s,1H),8.16(s,1H),7.61-7.57(m,2H),7.54-7.49(m,2H),7.48-7.43(m,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ154.0,150.2,141.8,137.7,136.1,129.4,129.2(q,J=308.8Hz,SCF3),128.9,127.3,122.1(q,J=1.5Hz).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-42.14(s,SCF3).HRMS(ESI)calcd.for C12H9F3NS+(M+H)+:256.0402,Found:256.0402.
实施例2
一种制备4-苯基-3-三氟甲硫基吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和4-苯基吡啶(1b)31.0mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在80℃下反应12小时,得到4-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1,2-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000071
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,将62.3mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)N-三氟甲硫基糖精(2a)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在室温下反应12小时,生成4-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-3-三氟甲硫基-1,2-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000072
S3,体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,在空气中搅拌4小时,生成4-苯基-3-三氟甲硫基吡啶(4-Phenyl-3-trifluoromethylthiopyridine)(3b),反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000073
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物4-苯基-3-三氟甲硫基吡啶,其为白色固体,收率为56%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.96(s,1H),8.72(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.50-7.43(m,3H),7.38(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.36-7.33(m,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ157.2,155.5,151.6,137.5,129.2,129.1(q,J=309.3Hz,SCF3),128.9,128.4,125.5,120.5(q,J=2.0Hz).19FNMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-41.83(s,SCF3).HRMS(ESI)calcd.for C12H9F3NS+(M+H)+:256.0402,Found:256.0400.
实施例3
一种制备2-苯基-3,5-二(三氟甲硫基)吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)13mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和2-苯基吡啶(1c)31.0mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在40℃下反应2小时,得到2-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000081
其中,催化剂LA为B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3,结构式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000082
S2,体系冷却至室温,将124.6mg(0.44mmol,2.2equiv)N-三氟甲硫基糖精(2a)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在40℃下反应3小时,生成2-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-3,5-二(三氟甲硫基)-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000083
S3,体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,加入68.1mg(0.3mmol,1.5equiv)的2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基苯醌,在空气中搅拌4小时,生成2-苯基-3,5-二(三氟甲硫基)吡啶(2-Phenyl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethylthio)pyridine)(3c),反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000084
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物2-苯基-3,5-二(三氟甲硫基)吡啶,其为无色油,收率为68%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.94(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.41(s,1H),7.65-7.56(m,2H),7.55-7.48(m,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ165.0,156.3,151.3,137.7,129.8,129.7,128.9(q,J=309.2Hz,SCF3),128.9(q,J=309.9Hz,SCF3),128.4,121.9(q,J=1.7Hz),121.0(q,J=2.0Hz).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-41.45(s,SCF3),-42.04(s,SCF3).HRMS(ESI)calcd.for C13H8F6NS2 +(M+H)+:355.9997,Found:355.9993.
实施例4
一种制备6-甲基-5-三氟甲硫基烟酸甲酯的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和6-甲基烟酸甲酯(1d)30.2mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在40℃下反应4小时,得到6-甲基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-羧酸甲酯,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000091
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,将62.3mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)N-三氟甲硫基糖精(2a)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在室温下反应12小时,生成6-甲基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-5-三氟甲硫基-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-羧酸甲酯,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000092
S3,体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,在空气中搅拌12小时,生成6-甲基-5-三氟甲硫基烟酸甲酯(Methyl 6-methyl-5-trifluoromethylthionicotinate)(3d),反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000093
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物6-甲基-5-三氟甲硫基烟酸甲酯,其为白色固体,收率为56%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.16(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.53(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),3.96(s,3H),2.85(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.0,164.7,152.2,146.4,129.3(q,J=311.1Hz,SCF3),125.0,121.0(q,J=2.0Hz),52.75,24.2.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-41.78(s,SCF3).HRMS(ESI)calcd.for C9H9F3NO2S+(M+H)+:252.0301,Found:252.0297.
实施例5
一种制备5-氯-6'-甲基-3-甲磺酰基-5-三氟甲硫基-2,3'-联吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和依托考昔(1e)71.8mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在80℃下反应8小时,得到5-氯-6'-甲基-3-(4-(甲磺酰基)苯基)-1'-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1',4'-二氢-2,3'-联吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000101
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,将62.3mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)N-三氟甲硫基糖精(2a)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在80℃下反应4小时,得到5-氯-6'-甲基-3-(4-(甲磺酰基)苯基)-1'-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-5'-三氟甲硫基-1',4'-二氢-2,3'-联吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000102
S3,体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,在空气中搅拌4小时,生成5-氯-6'-甲基-3-甲磺酰苯基-5-三氟甲硫基-2,3'-联吡啶(5-chloro-6'-methyl-3-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5'((trifluoromethyl)thio)-2,3'-bipyridine)(3e)反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000111
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物5-氯-6'-甲基-3-甲磺酰基-5-三氟甲硫基-2,3'-联吡啶,其为白色固体,收率为65%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.73(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.66(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.77-7.74(m,2H),7.40(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),3.06(s,3H),2.75(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ163.2,151.9,150.5,148.7,146.1,143.1,140.6,138.2,135.7,132.9,131.8,130.3,129.2(q,J=309.3Hz,SCF3),128.3,112.0(d,J=1.8Hz),44.41,23.67.19FNMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-41.82(s,SCF3).HRMS(ESI)calcd.for C19H15ClF3N2O2S2 +(M+H)+:459.0210,Found:459.0208.
实施例6
一种制备N,N-二乙基-5-三氟甲硫基烟酰胺的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和烟酸二乙胺(1f)35.6mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在80℃下反应8小时,得到N,N-二乙基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-甲酰胺,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000112
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,将62.3mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)N-三氟甲硫基糖精(2a)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在80℃下反应4小时,生成N,N-二乙基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-5-三氟甲硫基-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-甲酰胺,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000121
S3,体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,在空气中搅拌12小时,生成N,N-二乙基-5-三氟甲硫基烟酰胺(N,N-diethyl-5-trifluoromethylthionicotinamide)(3f),反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000122
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物N,N-二乙基-5-三氟甲硫基烟酰胺,其为无色油,收率为76%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.85(s,1H),8.74(s,1H),8.01(s,1H),3.56(q,J=6.7Hz,2H),3.25(q,J=6.7Hz,2H),1.27(t,J=6.5Hz,3H),1.15(t,J=6.5Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ166.9,156.0,149.4,141.6,133.8,129.0(q,J=309.2Hz,SCF3),122.1(q,J=2.0Hz),43.6,39.9,14.3,12.9.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-42.06(s,SCF3).HRMS(ESI)calcd.for C11H14F3N2OS+(M+H)+:279.0773,Found:279.0774.
实施例7
一种制备3-二氟甲硫基-5-苯基吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和3-苯基吡啶(1a)31.0mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在80℃下反应5小时,得到3-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000123
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,将50.4mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)2-(二氟甲硫基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮(2b)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在80℃下反应6小时,生成3-二氟甲硫基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-5-苯基-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000131
S3,体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,在空气中搅拌4小时,生成3-二氟甲硫基-5-苯基吡啶(3-Difluoromethylthio-5-phenylpyridine)(3g),反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000132
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-二氟甲硫基-5-苯基吡啶,其为无色油,收率为82%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.89(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.75(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.10(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.61-7.57(m,2H),7.54-7.48(m,2H),7.47-7.42(m,1H),6.89(t,J=56.3Hz,1H,SCF2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ153.5,149.3,141.2,137.4,136.4,129.3,128.8,127.3,123.1(t,J=2.7Hz),119.8(t,J=278.8Hz,SCF2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-91.17(d,J=56.5Hz,SCF2H).HRMS(ESI)calcd.for C12H10F2NS+(M+H)+:238.0497,Found:238.0494.
实施例8
一种制备3-二氟甲硫基-4-苯基吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和4-苯基吡啶(1a)31.0mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在80℃下反应12小时,得到4-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1,2-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000133
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,将50.4mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)2-(二氟甲硫基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮(2b)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在80℃下反应6小时,得到3-二氟甲硫基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-4-苯基-1,2-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000141
S3,体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,在空气中搅拌4小时,生成3-二氟甲硫基-4-苯基吡啶(3-Difluoromethylthio-4-phenylpyridine)(3h),反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000142
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-二氟甲硫基-4-苯基吡啶,其为白色固体,收率为50%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.88(s,1H),8.66(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.49-7.44(m,3H),7.40-7.36(m,2H),7.34(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),6.64(t,J=56.4Hz,1H,SCF2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ156.0,154.4,150.7,137.7,129.2,128.9,128.4,125.3,122.0(t,J=2.6Hz),119.8(t,J=277.1Hz,SCF2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-91.25(d,J=56.3Hz,SCF2H).HRMS(ESI)calcd.for C12H10F2NS+(M+H)+:238.0497,Found:238.0495.
实施例9
一种制备3-苯基-5-三氟甲基吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和3-苯基吡啶(1a)31.0mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)依次加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在80℃下反应5小时,得到3-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000151
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,将69.5mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)1-(三氟甲基)-1,2-苯碘酰-3(1H)-酮(2c)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在室温下反应1小时,得到3-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-5-三氟甲基-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000152
S3,体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,加入68.1mg(0.3mmol,1.5equiv)的2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基苯醌,在空气中搅拌4小时,生成3-苯基-5-三氟甲基吡啶(3-Phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine)(3i),反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000153
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-苯基-5-三氟甲基吡啶,其为白色固体,收率为48%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.02(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.87(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.09(s,1H),7.66-7.56(m,2H),7.55-7.45(m,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ151.5,145.2(q,J=4.0Hz),136.8,136.3,131.3(q,J=3.5Hz),129.4,128.97,127.30,126.8(q,J=32.7Hz),123.6(q,J=272.8Hz).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-62.40(s,CF3).HRMS(ESI)calcd.forC12H9F3N+(M+H)+:224.0682,Found:224.0679.
实施例10
一种制备2-甲基-3-苯基-5-三氟甲基吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8mg(0.02mmol,10.0mol%)、1mL四氢呋喃、频哪醇硼烷28.2mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)和2-甲基-3-苯基吡啶(1g)33.8mg(0.2mmol,1.0equiv)依次加入到8mL反应小瓶中,搅拌,在40℃下反应4小时,得到2-甲基-3-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000161
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,将69.5mg(0.22mmol,1.1equiv)1-(三氟甲基)-1,2-苯碘酰-3(1H)-酮(2c)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在室温下反应1小时,得到2-甲基-3-苯基-1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)-5-三氟甲基-1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000162
S3,体系冷却至室温,将反应小瓶移出手套箱,在空气中搅拌4小时,生成2-甲基-3-苯基-5-三氟甲基吡啶(2-Methyl-3-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine)(3j),反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003641235550000163
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物2-甲基-3-苯基-5-三氟甲基吡啶,其为无色油,收率为55%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.76(s,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.49-7.40(m,3H),7.34-7.29(m,2H),2.57(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.2,144.6(q,J=4.1Hz),138.4,137.0,134.1(q,J=3.4Hz),128.9,128.7,128.2,123.8(q,J=272.2Hz),124.3(q,J=32.9Hz),23.6.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-62.10(s,CF3).HRMS(ESI)calcd.for C13H11F3N+(M+H)+:238.0838,Found:238.0839.

Claims (9)

1.一种制备间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,制备1,4-二氢吡啶或1,2-二氢吡啶:
在充满氮气的手套箱中,向反应瓶中加入催化剂、溶剂、频那醇硼烷和吡啶,搅拌,使其充分反应,得到二氢吡啶,其反应式如下:
Figure FDA0003641235540000011
其中:
所述催化剂为三芳基硼,其与吡啶的摩尔比为(5-10):100,其结构式为:B(R4)3,其中,R4为苯基、五氟苯基、3,5-二(三氟甲基)取代的苯基或2,4,6-三氟取代的苯基;
所述频那醇硼烷与吡啶的当量比为1.1:1;
所述溶剂为四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、二氧六环、1,2-二氯乙烷或芳香溶剂;
反应温度为40~100℃,反应时间为2~12小时;
S2,二氢吡啶的亲电取代反应:
向上述反应瓶中加入三氟甲硫基试剂、二氟甲硫基试剂或三氟甲基试剂,在氮气氛围中搅拌至反应结束,得到间位被三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的二氢吡啶,其反应式如下:
Figure FDA0003641235540000012
其中,反应温度为室温~80℃,反应时间为2~12小时;
S3,氧化芳构化得到间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或者三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物:
将上述反应瓶置于空气中或加入2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基苯醌,搅拌至完全反应,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,再进行柱层析分离,得到间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或者三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物,其反应式如下:
Figure FDA0003641235540000021
其中:
所述2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基苯醌与吡啶的当量比为1.5:1
反应温度为室温,反应时间为4~12小时;
在上述吡啶、二氢吡啶和间位三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基或三氟甲基取代的吡啶化合物的结构式中,R1为氢、烷基、芳基、取代芳基或杂芳基取代基;R2为氢、烷基、卤素、胺基、醚基、酯基、芳基、取代芳基或杂芳基取代基;R3为氢、烷基、芳基、取代芳基或杂芳基取代基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述的三氟甲硫基试剂为:
Figure FDA0003641235540000022
所述的二氟甲硫基试剂为
Figure FDA0003641235540000023
所述的三氟甲基试剂为
Figure FDA0003641235540000024
Figure FDA0003641235540000025
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述X-为BF4 -、TfO-、Cl-、Br-或I-
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R5为芳基或取代芳基。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R6为氢或氟。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R1为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基为呋喃基或噻吩基。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R2为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基为呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R2为卤素时,所述卤素为氯、溴、碘。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R3为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基为呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基。
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