CN116001368A - Adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for photovoltaic module and photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for photovoltaic module and photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN116001368A CN116001368A CN202310136123.7A CN202310136123A CN116001368A CN 116001368 A CN116001368 A CN 116001368A CN 202310136123 A CN202310136123 A CN 202310136123A CN 116001368 A CN116001368 A CN 116001368A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention discloses an adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for a photovoltaic module, which at least comprises a water vapor adsorption layer, wherein the water vapor adsorption layer comprises a hydrophilic porous material and a water vapor adsorption material accommodated in the hydrophilic porous material; the composite backboard of the invention can also comprise a backboard layer, an adhesive layer and a waterproof breathable packaging layer; the invention also provides a photovoltaic module with the composite backboard. The invention can realize passive self-cooling by utilizing the evaporation of liquid water, has high enthalpy change in the evaporation process and good cooling effect, can realize the automatic regeneration of the cooling capacity at night by water vapor adsorption, and does not need to manually input water and energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to an adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for a photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic module.
Background
The temperature is an important factor influencing the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic cell/assembly, and on one hand, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is reduced along with the rise of the temperature; on the other hand, high temperatures can shorten the life of the photovoltaic module. The existing high-efficiency photovoltaic module can convert more than 20% of sunlight into electric energy for output, but at the same time, about 70% of solar energy is converted into heat energy, so that the temperature is remarkably increased. If the photovoltaic module can be effectively cooled, the economy of photovoltaic power generation can be expected to be further improved by increasing the power generation capacity of the whole life cycle of the photovoltaic module.
At present, an effective cooling method of a photovoltaic module mainly depends on an active cooling technology, and heat of the photovoltaic module is taken away through cooling media such as water. Although the method can obviously reduce the temperature, the method requires additional energy and water input, and needs to add relatively more equipment to the photovoltaic system, which is questioned in economical and practical aspects. In order to improve the economy while reducing the temperature, different methods for further recycling the heat in the cooling medium are presented, and these methods are collectively called as photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated technology. Because of the relatively large investment cost and the relatively complex system, the method is mainly suitable for the scenes such as distributed photovoltaic and the like, is used for simultaneously supplying power and heat for buildings, and is not suitable for photovoltaic modules of most photovoltaic power stations.
In order to realize light weight and heat dissipation of the photovoltaic module without additional energy input, a passive cooling technology is required, and the cooling technology is mainly realized on the back plate side of the photovoltaic module. Some technical schemes propose a method of adding a metal heat conduction layer, a high heat conduction material filler or directly adopting a metal backboard into a plastic photovoltaic backboard to improve the heat dissipation capacity of the photovoltaic module. Because the back of the photovoltaic module dissipates heat through air convection, the heat conductivity of the back plate is improved only indirectly, and the heat dissipation capacity is improved only limited. In other technical schemes, the water-absorbing resin coating layer is added to the outer side of the traditional photovoltaic backboard to realize the evaporative cooling of water, but the coating layer needs artificial water supplementing when the ambient humidity is not high enough, and is directly exposed in the environment to be polluted easily so as to be invalid, so that the practicality is low.
Therefore, a person skilled in the art is dedicated to providing an adsorption type passive cooling composite back plate for a photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic module, so that the operation temperature of the photovoltaic module is effectively reduced for a long time, the production cost is low, and the application is convenient.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to provide a composite back plate capable of effectively reducing the operation temperature of a photovoltaic module for a long time in a passive cooling mode and the photovoltaic module.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for a photovoltaic module, which comprises a water vapor adsorption layer, wherein the water vapor adsorption layer comprises a hydrophilic porous material and a water vapor adsorption material accommodated in the hydrophilic porous material, and the water vapor adsorption material can adsorb and release water vapor.
Further, the hydrophilic porous material has micro-scale cells, and the water vapor adsorbing material is attached in the cells.
Preferably, the hydrophilic porous material is one or more of an activated carbon fiber felt and a high molecular polymer, and the water vapor adsorption material is one or more of a hygroscopic salt and a metal organic framework material.
Preferably, the hydrophilic porous material is a polyacrylamide/alginic acid double-network hydrogel, and the weight ratio of the polyacrylamide to the alginic acid is 10:1-6:1; the water vapor adsorption material is calcium chloride, and the weight ratio of the calcium chloride in the water vapor adsorption layer is 50% -90% in a dehydration state.
Further, the water vapor adsorption device further comprises a back plate layer, wherein one side surface of the back plate layer is connected with one side surface of the water vapor adsorption layer.
Further, a bonding layer is arranged between the back plate layer and the water vapor adsorption layer, and the bonding layer is connected with the back plate layer and the water vapor adsorption layer.
Further, the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is covered on the outer side of the water vapor adsorption layer, and the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is of a porous structure.
Preferably, the water contact angle of the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is not smaller than 120 degrees, and the pore diameter of the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is 0.1-10 mu m.
Preferably, the thickness of the water vapor adsorption layer is 0.5-10mm, the thickness of the bonding layer is 1-100 mu m, and the thickness of the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is 1-200 mu m.
The invention also provides a solar photovoltaic module, which is provided with the adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
1. according to the adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for the photovoltaic module, provided by the invention, the passive self-cooling can be realized by utilizing the evaporation of liquid water through arranging the water vapor adsorption layer; the enthalpy change in the process is high, and the cooling effect is good. In addition, the liquid water comes from the spontaneous adsorption process of the water vapor adsorption layer to the air water vapor, so that the cooling capacity of the liquid water can be regenerated at night without artificial water and energy input.
2. According to the adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for the photovoltaic module, provided by the invention, the existing photovoltaic backboard can be quickly modified through the adhesive and the bonding method thereof, so that the existing photovoltaic backboard is combined with the water vapor adsorption material, and the composite backboard with the passive cooling capability is formed, and the practicability of the water vapor adsorption-evaporation cooling applied to the photovoltaic module is greatly promoted.
3. According to the adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for the photovoltaic module, the waterproof and breathable packaging layer can protect the water vapor adsorption layer material, so that the problem that the weather resistance of the water vapor adsorption layer material in an outdoor environment is poor is solved, and the long-term effectiveness of the adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard applied to the photovoltaic module is guaranteed.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an adsorption type passive cooling composite back plate for a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vapor adsorption layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the water vapor adsorption result of the water vapor adsorption layer according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the outdoor temperature test result of the photovoltaic module according to the first embodiment of the present invention within 24 hours.
In the figure, 10-backing layer, 20-adhesive layer, 30-water vapor adsorption layer, 31-hydrophilic porous material, 32-water vapor adsorption material, and 40-water-proof breathable packaging layer.
Detailed Description
The following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention to make the technical contents thereof more clear and easy to understand. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the present invention is not limited to only the embodiments described herein.
In the drawings, like structural elements are referred to by like reference numerals and components having similar structure or function are referred to by like reference numerals. The dimensions and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown, and the present invention is not limited to the dimensions and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components is exaggerated in some places in the drawings for clarity of illustration.
The invention provides an adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for a photovoltaic module, which realizes passive cooling through liquid water evaporation and achieves good cooling effect by utilizing high enthalpy change in the process.
The invention relates to an adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for a photovoltaic module, which at least comprises a vapor adsorption layer, wherein the vapor adsorption layer is composed of a hydrophilic porous material and a vapor adsorption material, the hydrophilic porous material is provided with micron-sized pore channels, and the vapor adsorption material is adhered in the pore channels. The hydrophilic porous material can be used as a carrier of the liquid water and steam adsorption material, can be various high molecular polymers which are in hydrogel form after being combined with water, and can also be inorganic porous materials such as activated carbon fiber felt and the like. The water vapor adsorbing material may be a hygroscopic salt such as lithium chloride, lithium bromide, calcium chloride, etc., or a metal organic framework material, or other material having the ability to adsorb water vapor from ambient air at different humidity.
In a specific embodiment, the hydrophilic porous material is a polyacrylamide/alginic acid double-network hydrogel, wherein the weight ratio of polyacrylamide to alginic acid is 10:1-6:1; the water vapor adsorption material is calcium chloride, and the weight ratio of the calcium chloride in the water vapor adsorption layer is 50-90% in the dehydration state. The water vapor adsorption layer is prepared by soaking the completely dried and dehydrated polyacrylamide/alginic acid double-network hydrogel in a concentrated calcium chloride aqueous solution. The steam adsorption layer materials are common cheap industrial materials, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced; in addition, polyacrylamide generally has significantly improved mechanical strength compared to interpenetrating network hydrogels formed from alginic acid.
According to the adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for the photovoltaic module, a backboard layer can be arranged on one side of the water vapor adsorption layer, and the backboard layer is connected with the side face of the water vapor adsorption layer in a relative mode. The back plate layer can be a common high molecular organic polymer (plastic) photovoltaic back plate, and can be formed by bonding and compounding a plurality of materials, such as TPT, TPE, KPF, and the like, so that the characteristics of insulation, moisture isolation, ultraviolet resistance and the like are met.
In order to realize the connection of the backboard layer and the water vapor adsorption layer, an adhesive layer is arranged between the backboard layer and the water vapor adsorption layer and used for firmly combining the water vapor adsorption layer and the backboard layer together to form a whole body, so that the composite board with the self-cooling capability is formed. The bonding layer can be a rapidly solidified cyanoacrylate adhesive or other adhesives with the same functional characteristics.
In a specific embodiment of bonding the back plate layer and the vapor adsorption layer, fully mixing cyanoacrylate monomer and an organic volatile solvent (such as isooctane) which are not mutually soluble, and then taking the mixture as an adhesive, wherein the ratio of the cyanoacrylate monomer to the organic volatile solvent is 1:2-1:6; uniformly coating the adhesive on the surface of the backboard layer; and then the water vapor adsorption layer is tiled on the back plate layer, and the back plate layer and the water vapor adsorption layer are combined by slightly pressing for tens of seconds. In the embodiment, cyanoacrylate can be quickly cured after being contacted with water or steam, and is a common quick-drying adhesive; the organic volatile solvent can form a layer of protection on the surface of the cyanoacrylate, which is beneficial to providing enough time for the adhesive to fully penetrate into the photovoltaic backboard material and form a uniform adhesive film layer; when contacting the water vapor adsorption layer, the moisture in the water vapor adsorption layer enables the cyanoacrylate to be rapidly crosslinked and cured to form an adhesive layer, so that the back plate layer and the water vapor adsorption layer are compounded together.
As an improvement, a water-proof and breathable packaging layer is arranged on the outer side of the water vapor adsorption layer, and the water-proof and breathable packaging layer is in contact with the atmosphere; the waterproof breathable packaging layer enables the outer surface of the water vapor adsorption layer to have hydrophobicity, and meanwhile, the waterproof breathable packaging layer still has good water vapor permeability. The waterproof and breathable packaging layer can be used as a single film to cover the outer side of the water vapor adsorption layer, and can also be directly combined with the surface layer material of the water vapor adsorption layer. The waterproof breathable layer has stronger weather resistance to outdoor environment, and can adopt microporous fluorine-containing high polymer materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membranes; the water contact angle of the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is not less than 120 degrees, and the pore diameter is 0.1-10 mu m.
In the composite backboard comprising the water vapor adsorption layer, the backboard layer, the bonding layer and the waterproof and breathable packaging layer, the thickness of the water vapor adsorption layer is 0.5-10mm, and further, can be 1-4mm; the thickness of the back plate layer is 1-100 mu m; the thickness of the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is 1-200 mu m.
According to the adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for the photovoltaic module, water vapor in ambient air is diffused into the hydrophilic porous material through the micro-pore canal at night, so that the water vapor reaches the surface of the water vapor adsorption material and is adsorbed; the absorbed liquid water and the hydrophilic porous material are combined through intermolecular action, so that the liquid water is locked in the water vapor adsorption layer. During daytime, heat from the photovoltaic module is conducted to the water vapor adsorption layer through the bonding layer, so that the temperature of the photovoltaic module is increased. The high temperature accelerates the evaporation of the liquid water to form water vapor, and the water vapor diffuses into the environment through the micro-pore channels and takes away heat at the same time, so that the passive cooling of the photovoltaic module is realized. The waterproof and breathable packaging layer has the micropore size far larger than the water vapor size and simultaneously far smaller than the size of liquid water drops, so that the waterproof and breathable packaging layer has the waterproof and breathable functions; on the basis of this, the water inside the water vapor adsorption layer cannot flow out through the surface, and at the same time, the outside rainwater and dust cannot adhere to the water vapor adsorption layer, but the water vapor can still circulate between the atmosphere and the inside of the water vapor adsorption layer.
The adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for the photovoltaic module in the embodiment can adsorb more than 1 gram of water vapor at night per gram of water vapor adsorption layer, and the tensile strength can reach more than 0.5 MPa.
The invention also provides the following specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the adsorption-type passive cooling composite back sheet for a photovoltaic module of this embodiment includes a back sheet layer 10, an adhesive layer 20, a water vapor adsorption layer 30, and a water-proof and breathable encapsulation layer 40, which are sequentially bonded.
The back sheet layer 10 is a back sheet of a self-made photovoltaic module, and the back sheet material is TPT, so that the outermost layer is fluorine-containing plastic. It is worth noting that almost all of the outermost layers on the back of the photovoltaic modules are fluorine-containing plastics, except for the double-glass modules.
The adhesive layer 20 is a low-viscosity ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesive, which is prepared by fully mixing ethyl cyanoacrylate and isooctane in a weight ratio of 1:4.
The water vapor adsorption layer 30 includes a hydrophilic porous material 31 and a water vapor adsorption material 32. The hydrophilic porous material 31 is a polyacrylamide/alginic acid double-network hydrogel, wherein the weight ratio of polyacrylamide to alginic acid is 8:1. The water vapor adsorbing material 32 is anhydrous calcium chloride. The water vapor adsorbing material 32 is uniformly distributed in the micropores inside the hydrophilic porous material 31, and a schematic diagram thereof is shown in fig. 2.
The thickness of the water vapor adsorption layer 30 was 3mm.
The water vapor adsorption layer 30 can spontaneously adsorb water vapor from ambient air at night, thereby having evaporative cooling capability during the daytime. As shown in fig. 3, a sample of the water vapor adsorption layer having a size of 100×100×3mm can adsorb water vapor approximately 20g in a simulated summer night environment for 12 hours.
The water-impermeable and breathable encapsulation layer 40 is polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane (ePTFE), with an average pore size of 3 μm, a water contact angle of 149 deg., and a thickness of 20 μm.
The preparation process of the passive cooling composite backboard for the photovoltaic module in the embodiment is as follows:
a. and (3) soaking the dried polyacrylamide/alginic acid double-network hydrogel in a 3mol/L calcium chloride aqueous solution for 24 hours to prepare the water vapor adsorption layer.
b. And (5) fully cleaning the back surface of the photovoltaic module, namely the back plate layer, by using solvents such as water, ethanol and the like.
c. And uniformly coating a proper amount of adhesive on the back surface of the photovoltaic module, namely the back plate layer.
d. The water vapor adsorption layer is immediately paved on the back plate layer coated with the adhesive, slightly pressed for tens of seconds, and then kept stand for one day to wait for the curing reaction to complete thoroughly.
e. Spreading a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer on the surface of the water vapor adsorption layer to enable the polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer and the water vapor adsorption layer to be completely attached together, and sealing the periphery.
As shown in fig. 4, the adsorption-type passive cooling composite backboard of the embodiment achieves the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module through water evaporation, and compared with the photovoltaic module with a general backboard, the photovoltaic module with the composite backboard of the embodiment shows a significantly lower working temperature in outdoor test, the highest temperature is reduced to more than 13 ℃, the generated energy of the photovoltaic module can be effectively increased, and the aging process of the photovoltaic module is slowed down.
Example 2
In this example, the adhesive was prepared by thoroughly mixing Kafute K-4401N with paraffin oil in a weight ratio of 1:3, and the other examples were the same as in example 1, and similar effects as in example 1 could be achieved.
Example 3
In this example, the water vapor adsorbing material in the water vapor adsorbing layer was anhydrous lithium chloride, and the similar effects to those in example 1 were obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
In this example, the thickness of the vapor adsorbing layer was 5mm, and the similar effects to those of example 1 were obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 5
The embodiment provides another adsorption type passive cooling composite back plate for a photovoltaic module, which also comprises a back plate layer 10, an adhesive layer 20, a water vapor adsorption layer 30 and a waterproof and breathable packaging layer 40 which are sequentially attached.
Unlike example 1, in this example, the hydrophilic porous material 31 in the water vapor adsorbing layer 30 is an activated carbon fiber felt, and the water vapor adsorbing material 32 is lithium chloride; the thickness of the water vapor adsorption layer 30 was 3mm.
The waterproof and breathable packaging layer 40 is obtained by modifying the outermost side of the water vapor adsorption layer 30 by spraying polydimethylsiloxane on the surface.
The specific preparation process of the passive cooling composite backboard for the photovoltaic module in the embodiment is as follows:
a. and (3) soaking the dried activated carbon fiber felt in 3g/mL lithium chloride aqueous solution, performing vacuum defoaming treatment, taking out after 8 hours, and heating at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to prepare the steam adsorption layer.
b. And (5) fully cleaning the back surface of the photovoltaic module, namely the back plate layer, by using solvents such as water, ethanol and the like.
c. And uniformly coating a proper amount of adhesive on the back surface of the photovoltaic module, namely the back plate layer.
d. The water vapor adsorption layer is immediately paved on the back plate layer coated with the adhesive, slightly pressed for tens of seconds, and then kept stand for one day to wait for the curing reaction to complete thoroughly.
e. The polydimethylsiloxane monomer, the n-hexane and the cross-linking agent are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 10:10:1 to prepare a coating solution, and then the solution is sprayed on the surface of the water vapor adsorption layer by adopting an air spray gun, wherein the spraying time is about 3 seconds.
The invention also provides a photovoltaic module, which is obtained by replacing the common solar photovoltaic backboard with the adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention without requiring creative effort by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the present invention as a basis for logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation.
Claims (10)
1. The adsorption type passive cooling composite backboard for the photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising a water vapor adsorption layer, wherein the water vapor adsorption layer comprises a hydrophilic porous material and a water vapor adsorption material accommodated in the hydrophilic porous material, and the water vapor adsorption material can adsorb and release water vapor.
2. The adsorptive passive cooling composite back sheet for a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic porous material has micro-scale channels, and the water vapor adsorption material is attached in the channels.
3. The adsorptive passive cooling composite back sheet for a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic porous material is one or more of an activated carbon fiber felt and a high molecular polymer, and the water vapor adsorptive material is one or more of a hygroscopic salt and a metal organic frame material.
4. The adsorptive passive cooling composite back plate for a photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein the hydrophilic porous material is a polyacrylamide/alginic acid double-network hydrogel, and the weight ratio of the polyacrylamide to the alginic acid is 10:1-6:1; the water vapor adsorption material is calcium chloride, and the weight ratio of the calcium chloride in the water vapor adsorption layer is 50% -90% in a dehydration state.
5. The adsorptive passive cooling composite back sheet for a photovoltaic module of claim 1, further comprising a back sheet layer, wherein one side of the back sheet layer is connected to one side of the water vapor adsorption layer.
6. The adsorptive passive cooling composite back plate for a photovoltaic module according to claim 5, wherein an adhesive layer is arranged between the back plate layer and the water vapor adsorption layer, and the adhesive layer connects the back plate layer and the water vapor adsorption layer.
7. The adsorptive passive cooling composite back plate for a photovoltaic module of claim 5, further comprising a water-proof and air-permeable encapsulation layer, wherein the water-proof and air-permeable encapsulation layer covers the outer side of the water vapor adsorption layer, and the water-proof and air-permeable encapsulation layer has a porous structure.
8. The adsorptive passive cooling composite back plate for a photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein the water contact angle of the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is not less than 120 degrees, and the aperture of the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is 0.1-10 μm.
9. The adsorptive passive cooling composite back plate for a photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the water vapor adsorption layer is 0.5-10mm, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 1-100 μm, and the thickness of the waterproof and breathable packaging layer is 1-200 μm.
10. A solar photovoltaic module characterized by having an adsorptive passive cooling composite back sheet according to any one of claims 1-9.
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