CN115999769A - Semi-closed tunnel waste gas treatment method - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas purification, and particularly relates to a semi-closed tunnel waste gas treatment method. The invention adopts the combined technology of primary filtration, electric dust removal and plasma, and can achieve the purposes of high-efficiency dust removal, oil removal and odor removal; the treatment method is simple, solves the pollution problem of particulate matters and oil in the waste gas, solves the problem of peculiar smell pollution, avoids the pollution of the tail gas to the environment and the influence of human health, and is environment-friendly and energy-saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas purification, and particularly relates to a semi-closed tunnel waste gas treatment method.
Background
The toxic and harmful gas existing in the tunnel is always a main dangerous source in construction, and if the construction is improper, serious safety accidents are extremely easy to occur. The harmful gases in the tunnel mainly comprise methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, heavy hydrocarbon with unequal amounts, trace rare gases and the like.
According to chemical properties, we divide these toxic and harmful gases into two main categories, combustible gases and toxic gases. The main component of the combustible gas in the tunnel is methane (CH) 4 Gas) and some Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), the main hazard being the explosion caused by the burning of the gas, thus causing harm to property and human life. However, the explosion of the combustible gas must be under certain conditions. A quantity of combustible gas, sufficient oxygen, and a source of ignited fire. The three conditions are not indispensable. The concentration of gas at which the flammable gas explodes is commonly referred to as the low explosion limit, and is generally indicated by LEL. Different combustible gases have different LELs. The detection of a gas typically detects its LEL.
The toxins in tunnels are classified into three major classes, namely, irritating gases, asphyxiating gases and acutely poisoned organic gases (VOCs) according to their different mechanisms of action on the human body.
First category: the irritant gas comprises chlorine, phosgene, diphosgene, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, formaldehyde, ammonia, ozone and the like. The irritant gas has strong irritation to skin and mucous membrane, and some of the irritant gas has strong corrosion.
The second category: the asphyxiating gas includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, cyanuric acid, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, nitrobenzene vapor, hydrogen cyanide, etc. These compounds enter the body and cause hypoxia of the tissue cells. It is worth mentioning that methane (CH) 4 ) It can also be a choking gas, which has no obvious poison to organism, and the oxygen deficiency of tissue cells caused by the choking gas is actually the oxygen deficiency choking caused by the decrease of oxygen concentration in the inhaled gas. Organic solvents for acute poisoning include n-hexane, dichloromethane, etc.
Third category: acute poisoning organic gases (VOCs) are three major classes, and the organic volatile compounds, like the inorganic gases, can also cause harm to the respiratory system and nervous system of the human body, and some of the organic volatile compounds are carcinogenic, such as benzene. Since organic compounds are mostly combustible substances, their explosiveness was mostly detected before the detection of the organic compound, but the low explosion limit of the organic compound is far greater than its MAC (spatially large allowable concentration) value. That is, it is necessary to detect the toxicity of the organic compound. Such as n-hexane, methylene chloride, etc. But typically will be a value when the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) concentration of the gas is not reached. The toxicity of the organic compound (VOC) is harmful to human bodies, so that the toxicity is detected firstly and then the explosion is detected for detecting the organic compound (VOC).
At present, double Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DDBD) is used as a reliable and economical method for generating low-temperature (non-equilibrium state) plasmas under normal pressure, and is widely applied to the fields of ozone synthesis, vacuum ultraviolet light sources, material surface treatment, environmental protection and the like. Engineering practice shows that DDBD technology can be used for treating various gaseous pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds VOCs, malodorous odorous substances, benzene series (such as benzene and xylene), perfluorocarbons (such as C) 2 F 6 ) Hydrocarbon halide compounds (e.g. CF) 2 ClBr, CFC), dioxins, and the like. The device has the characteristics of large-space uniform discharge of glow discharge and high-pressure operation of corona discharge, so that the device becomes an effective technology for treating waste gas in industrial and commercial spaces and the like with industrial application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the method has the advantages that the defects of the prior art are overcome, the combined dust removal, oil removal and deodorization method for the semi-closed tunnel waste gas is provided, the organized real-time treatment of the exhaust gas of the setting machine can be realized, VOCS, gasified oil and smoke dust particles can be removed efficiently, and the problem of exhaust odor can be solved efficiently; and the full-automatic operation device is utilized to realize the energy-saving effect.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
according to the semi-closed tunnel waste gas treatment method, waste gas is subjected to primary filtration, electric precipitation, low-temperature plasma waste gas treatment and deep oxidation in a noble metal catalytic region in sequence, and then is discharged after reaching standards.
The primary filtration process adopts a stainless steel plate frame filter and an industrial device with a diamond protection net on the air outlet surface. The filter is ensured not to be deformed or damaged under the poor working environment; a lightweight panel construction. The filter material adopts high-quality polyester synthetic fiber, can be repeatedly cleaned and recycled, has long service life, is economical and practical, is fluffy and gradually dense, ensures higher dust collecting rate and larger dust holding capacity, can select 1 inch (21 mm and 25 mm) different thicknesses, and can select the filtering grade: g2, G3, G4 (EN 779). Under the rated air quantity use condition, the filter can be normally used for 4-6 months, namely the filter needs to be replaced or the filter needs to be replaced when the resistance of the filter reaches more than 350 Pa; the working condition parameter requirements are as follows: ambient temperature-10-80 ℃, humidity requirement: less than or equal to 80 percent;
usage notice: periodically checking whether the filter plastic net is damaged, whether the air inlet surface is blocked by sundries or not, and whether the surface of the filter material is damaged or not; if the surface is blocked, the surface should be cleaned; if the surface of the filter material is seriously damaged, a new filter material is required to be replaced or a new filter is required to be replaced and reinstalled; when the filter is replaced, the air inlet, the ceiling and the bottom plate filter are removed, and then the ventilating duct, the hidden corners and the dust easy to accumulate are carefully cleaned, so that the ventilator blows for 1 hour; when the filter is installed, good tightness of the edge pressing part of the frame body is ensured so as to prevent air quantity leakage.
The working principle of the electric dust collector is that when the flue gas passes through a flue in front of the main structure of the dust collector, the flue gas has positive charges, and then the flue gas enters an electric dust collector channel provided with a plurality of layers of negative plates. The mutual adsorption of the positively charged smoke dust and the cathode electric plate makes the particle smoke dust in the smoke adsorbed on the cathode, thereby achieving the purpose of removing the smoke dust in the smoke. After the dust remover is connected with the primary filtering process, part of dust leaked after primary dust removal is mainly removed, and the air inlet index of waste gas is less than or equal to 50mg/m 3 The dust content index of the treated waste gas is less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 。
In the low-temperature plasma waste gas treatment process, a double-dielectric barrier discharge mode is adopted to generate plasma, meanwhile, reducing gas is supplemented, and pollutant molecules in waste gas are decomposed and reacted in a very short time under the action of high-energy electron direct bombardment and free radicals, so that the waste gas is purified. The reaction formula is as follows:
2NO+2CO＝2CO 2 +N 2 ；
2NO 2 +4CO＝N 2 +4CO 2 。
and in the deep oxidation process of the noble metal catalytic region, a deodorizing catalytic oxidation bed is adopted, and a noble metal catalyst is loaded on a filler of the deodorizing catalytic oxidation bed. The filler carrier is active alumina. Because of the existence of unbalanced and unsaturated molecular attraction or chemical bond forces on the solid surface, when the solid surface is contacted with gas, gas molecules are attracted to concentrate and remain on the solid surface, a phenomenon known as adsorption. The catalytic oxidation filler of the active alumina substrate is a porous substance, has a highly developed pore structure, provides a large amount of surface area for the active alumina, can fully contact gas (impurities), and simultaneously endows the filler with specific adsorption performance under the catalysis of oxides such as hydroxyl radicals generated by DDBD (direct oxidation-precipitation), so that the purpose of absorbing and collecting the impurities is very easy to achieve. Like magnetic forces, all molecules have a mutual attraction force. Because of this, a large number of molecules on the walls of the catalytic oxidation packing can create a strong attractive force, thereby achieving the goal of attracting unwanted impurities into the pore size.
Specifically, the semi-closed tunnel waste gas treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) The collected waste gas is first filtered through primary filtration until the dust content index is less than or equal to 50mg/m 3 ；
(2) Then the exhaust gas is subjected to matrix type electric precipitation to remove particles until the dust content index is less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 ；
(3) The waste gas enters low-temperature plasma waste gas treatment equipment, and pollutant molecules in the waste gas are decomposed and reacted in a very short time under the action of high-energy electrons and free radicals, so that the waste gas is purified;
(4) Finally, the waste gas is further adsorbed through deep oxidation in a noble metal catalytic area and is subjected to oxidative decomposition under the action of a noble metal catalyst, and finally, the waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the combined technology of primary filtration, electric dust removal and plasma, and can achieve the purposes of high-efficiency dust removal, oil removal and odor removal.
2. The treatment method is simple, solves the pollution problem of particulate matters and oil in the waste gas, solves the problem of peculiar smell pollution, avoids the pollution of the tail gas to the environment and the influence of human health, and is environment-friendly and energy-saving.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the process flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1
The negative pressure of a certain semi-closed tunnel attracts the exhaust gas amount of an exhaust system: 30000m 3 And/h, generating exhaust gas into a diesel internal combustion engine, and directly collecting the exhaust gas into exhaust gas treatment system equipment for purification treatment, wherein the treatment steps are as follows:
(1) The collected waste gas is first filtered through primary filtration until the dust content index is less than or equal to 50mg/m 3 ；
(2) Then the exhaust gas is subjected to matrix type electric precipitation to remove particles until the dust content index is less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 ；
(3) The waste gas enters low-temperature plasma waste gas treatment equipment, and pollutant molecules in the waste gas are decomposed and reacted in a very short time under the action of high-energy electrons and free radicals, so that the waste gas is purified;
(4) Finally, the waste gas is further adsorbed through deep oxidation in a noble metal catalytic area and is subjected to oxidative decomposition under the action of a noble metal catalyst, and finally, the waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
After treatment, detectionWherein the odor concentration in the exhaust gas is 238 (dimensionless), and the particle concentration is 4mg/m 3 The concentration of non-methane total hydrocarbon is 8mg/m 3 。
Example 2
The negative pressure of a certain semi-closed tunnel attracts the exhaust gas amount of an exhaust system: 50000m 3 And/h, generating exhaust gas into a diesel internal combustion engine, and directly collecting the exhaust gas into exhaust gas treatment system equipment for purification treatment, wherein the treatment steps are as follows:
(1) The collected waste gas is first filtered through primary filtration until the dust content index is less than or equal to 50mg/m 3 ；
(2) Then the exhaust gas is subjected to matrix type electric precipitation to remove particles until the dust content index is less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 ；
(3) The waste gas enters low-temperature plasma waste gas treatment equipment, and pollutant molecules in the waste gas are decomposed and reacted in a very short time under the action of high-energy electrons and free radicals, so that the waste gas is purified;
(4) Finally, the waste gas is further adsorbed through deep oxidation in a noble metal catalytic area and is subjected to oxidative decomposition under the action of a noble metal catalyst, and finally, the waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
After treatment, the waste gas was detected to have an odor concentration of 296 (dimensionless) and a particulate matter concentration of 5mg/m 3 The concentration of non-methane total hydrocarbon is 9mg/m 3 。
Example 3
The negative pressure of a certain semi-closed tunnel attracts the exhaust gas amount of an exhaust system: 80000m 3 And/h, generating exhaust gas into a diesel internal combustion engine, and directly collecting the exhaust gas into exhaust gas treatment system equipment for purification treatment, wherein the treatment steps are as follows:
(1) The collected waste gas is first filtered through primary filtration until the dust content index is less than or equal to 50mg/m 3 ；
(2) Then the exhaust gas is subjected to matrix type electric precipitation to remove particles until the dust content index is less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 ；
(3) The waste gas enters low-temperature plasma waste gas treatment equipment, and pollutant molecules in the waste gas are decomposed and reacted in a very short time under the action of high-energy electrons and free radicals, so that the waste gas is purified;
(4) Finally, the waste gas is further adsorbed through deep oxidation in a noble metal catalytic area and is subjected to oxidative decomposition under the action of a noble metal catalyst, and finally, the waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
After treatment, the exhaust gas was measured to have an odor concentration of 313 (dimensionless) and a particulate matter concentration of 6mg/m 3 The non-methane total hydrocarbon concentration is 12mg/m 3 。
Of course, the foregoing is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is capable of equally varying and improving within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A semi-closed tunnel waste gas treatment method is characterized in that: and (3) sequentially carrying out primary filtration, electric precipitation, low-temperature plasma waste gas treatment and deep oxidation on the waste gas in a noble metal catalytic region, and then discharging the waste gas after reaching the standard.
2. The semi-closed tunnel exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: the primary filtration process adopts a stainless steel plate frame type filter, and the filter material adopts polyester synthetic fiber.
3. The semi-closed tunnel exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: the dust content index of the exhaust gas inlet in the electric dust removal process is less than or equal to 50mg/m 3 The dust content index of the treated waste gas is less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 。
4. The semi-closed tunnel exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: in the low-temperature plasma waste gas treatment process, a double-dielectric barrier discharge mode is adopted to generate plasma, meanwhile, reducing gas is supplemented, and pollutant molecules in waste gas are decomposed and reacted in a very short time under the action of high-energy electron direct bombardment and free radicals, so that the waste gas is purified.
5. The semi-closed tunnel exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: and in the deep oxidation process of the noble metal catalytic region, a deodorizing catalytic oxidation bed is adopted, and a noble metal catalyst is loaded on a filler of the deodorizing catalytic oxidation bed.
6. The semi-closed tunnel exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 5, wherein: the filler carrier is active alumina.
7. The semi-closed tunnel exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The collected waste gas is first filtered through primary filtration until the dust content index is less than or equal to 50mg/m 3 ；
(2) Then the exhaust gas is subjected to matrix type electric precipitation to remove particles until the dust content index is less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 ；
(3) The waste gas enters low-temperature plasma waste gas treatment equipment, and pollutant molecules in the waste gas are decomposed and reacted in a very short time under the action of high-energy electrons and free radicals, so that the waste gas is purified;
(4) Finally, the waste gas is further adsorbed through deep oxidation in a noble metal catalytic area and is subjected to oxidative decomposition under the action of a noble metal catalyst, and finally, the waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000279760A (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-10-10 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Waste gas treating apparatus for garbage treating machine |
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