CN115998937A - Multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug directional transport functions, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug directional transport functions, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of multifunctional materials, and discloses a multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug directional transport functions, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the multifunctional dressing is composed of a superhydrophobic nanofiber layer and a superhydrophilic nanofiber layer which are connected in a fitting manner, the superhydrophilic nanofiber layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan fibers containing silver nano triangular plates, the superhydrophilic nanofiber layer is composed of TPU fibers, and a Janus two-sided structure which is composed of two wettability surfaces and has a wettability gradient and a structural gradient is formed; the multifunctional dressing has the functions of promoting blood coagulation, directionally transporting liquid medicines, resisting bacteria and resisting adhesion, and can simultaneously realize hemostasis, resisting blood extravasation, external administration and resisting wound infection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of multifunctional materials, in particular to a multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug directional transportation functions, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Uncontrolled bleeding and infection may lead to failure of the wound to heal and even death. Difficult to control traumatic and surgical bleeding is a major cause of injury and death in war, accident and disaster, and excessive bleeding can destroy the hemodynamics of the human body, making the human body susceptible to hypothermia, coagulation dysfunction, infection, acidosis, multiple system organ failure, and even death. It is counted that 35% of traumatic deaths are due to blood loss and 40% of hemorrhagic deaths occur prior to admission; in addition, bacterial infections associated therewith are also a significant cause of patient injury and death, and in warm and moist wound bed environments, bacteria readily grow and proliferate, while adherent and growing colonies rapidly produce extracellular polymeric matrix on the wound surface, thus combating the host immune system, bacterial infections can extend wound healing time and even lead to serious complications such as amputation, bacteremia, sepsis and even death. The difficult wound healing can cause serious discomfort and secondary injury to people.
Wound healing generally has four distinct phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling, and therefore, an ideal wound dressing must meet all phases, requiring hemostatic, antibacterial, cell proliferation and regenerative capabilities, respectively. Hemostasis is the first and most important stage of wound healing, and many traditional wound dressings have been widely used for hemostasis, such as glues, aerogels, foams, hydrogels, powders, etc., but have the disadvantage of being inconvenient for daily use. It is also critical to protect the wound from bacterial infection throughout the wound healing process. Antibacterial fibrous wound dressings have been reported to include, but are not limited to: inherent antimicrobial dressing, inorganic antimicrobial dressing, antibiotic dressing, biological extract dressing, however, the latter two have certain drawbacks, namely the abuse of antibiotics leads to the appearance of multi-drug resistant bacteria, while biological extracts cannot maintain biological activity. Although elimination of wound infection is a prerequisite for wound healing, subsequent cell proliferation and skin tissue remodeling are also important; the externally supplied wound healing medicine is an effective method for the physique with poor in vivo repair capability, cell proliferation and skin tissue remodelling capability. Therefore, there is a need to impart superior antibacterial and drug delivery properties to wound dressings to better promote wound healing. Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned troublesome problems, it is still a great challenge to develop a multifunctional wound dressing capable of satisfying hemostatic, antibacterial and directionally transporting healing-promoting drugs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems, and provides a multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug directional transportation functions, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems.
The aim of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug directional transportation functions, which consists of a super-hydrophobic nanofiber layer and a super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer which are connected in a fitting way, wherein the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer consists of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan fibers containing silver nano triangular plates, and the super-hydrophobic nanofiber layer consists of TPU fibers;
the multifunctional dressing has a Janus double-sided composite membrane structure, when in use, the hydrophilic surface is adhered to the skin, the hydrophobic surface faces outwards, and when the hydrophilic surface contacts with blood, moisture is absorbed, so that erythrocytes, platelets and coagulation factors in the blood are gathered, and blood coagulation is promoted; when blood reaches the interface of the super hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers, capillary pressure difference delta P is generated
Wherein D1 and D2 are respectively the pore diameters of the super-hydrophobic nanofiber layer and the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer, theta 1 And theta 2 Water contact angles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, respectively), due to capillary pressure (P L1 ) Far greater than nanoscale pores (P L2 )，ΔP(>0) Plays a key resistance role in preventing blood from directly entering the hydrophobic layer from the hydrophilic layer; on the other hand, the positively charged chitosan contained in the hydrophilic layer can bind to negatively charged platelets, promoting platelet accumulationPromoting hemostasis; therefore, the multifunctional dressing can promote hemostasis and prevent blood extravasation through the water absorption of the super-hydrophilic layer, the coagulation of chitosan and the pressure difference resistance of capillary vessels;
according to the multifunctional dressing, chitosan and the Ag nano triangular plate with high-efficiency antibacterial effect are introduced, so that the multifunctional dressing has an antibacterial rate of 99.9%, and meanwhile, as the hydrophilic surface of the multifunctional dressing can form a hydration layer with water in blood, the multifunctional dressing has an impedance adhesion effect on bacteria, and the antibacterial adhesion rate reaches 100%;
the multifunctional dressing provided by the invention has the advantages that two wettability surfaces form a wettability gradient and a structural gradient, and the two gradients of the wettability gradient and the structural gradient jointly promote the directional transportation of liquid drops or medicines;
the wettability gradient of the multifunctional dressing can be controlled by the wettability of water on the surface of the fiber layer, and the wettability gradient is preferably from a hydrophobic layer (water contact angle, wca=128°) to a super-hydrophilic layer (water contact angle, wca=0°); when water is on the hydrophobic side of the Janus composite membrane, the pore diameter difference of Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) and hydrophilic water surface can jointly push water to overcome the hydrophobic force and enter the hydrophilic layer, and the high capillary force generated by super-hydrophilicity of the Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) can enable the water to rapidly diffuse when the water contacts the hydrophilic layer, so that the wetting gradient force formed by the Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) can push water drops or medicines to enter the hydrophilic layer from the hydrophobic layer, and directional transportation is realized;
the structural gradient of the multifunctional dressing can be regulated by the diameter of the fiber and the pore diameter, and the structural gradient is preferably changed from a hydrophobic layer fiber with the diameter of about 1 mu m (the thickness is about 25 mu m) to a super-hydrophilic layer fiber with the diameter of about 130nm (the thickness is about 250 mu m). The directional migration process of water can be explained by a static theoretical model, and in the first stage, the liquid drops fall on the water-repellent surface, and the liquid drops initially maintain a Wenzel-Cassie state; in the second stage, the drug drop spontaneously permeates downwards due to the downward capillary force and gravity, and when the drug drop further reaches the super-hydrophobic/super-hydrophilic layer interface, the generated capillary pressure difference deltap is less than 0, so that deltap generated by the formed wettability and structural gradient plays a key role in the driving force for directly transporting the drug drop from the hydrophobic layer to the super-hydrophilic layer.
The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug-oriented transport effects, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing the polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan fiber containing the silver nano triangular plate by an electrostatic spinning method, and obtaining the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer after crosslinking;
(2) And (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the TPU fibers on the surface of the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer to obtain the multifunctional dressing.
Preferably, the preparation method of the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a silver nano triangular plate by a photoinduction method;
s2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in distilled water to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, and dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan solution;
s3, mixing the silver nano triangular plate, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the chitosan solution according to a ratio to obtain spinning solution;
and S4, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution, and then crosslinking in hot glutaraldehyde-hydrochloric acid steam to obtain the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the silver nano triangular plate comprises the following steps:
and (3) fully stirring and mixing the silver nitrate solution and the trisodium citrate solution, dropwise adding the mixed solution of sodium borohydride and sodium hydroxide to obtain a bright yellow silver seed solution, stirring, vertically illuminating with a sodium lamp, and stirring until the solution is changed from green to blue to obtain the silver nano triangular plate solution.
Preferably, the conditions of the electrospinning in step S4 are as follows: the spinning is carried out by a 23-G type metal needle head, the injection speed is 0.6mL/h, the voltage is 26kV, the rotating speed of the roller is 100rpm, and the spinning distance is 15cm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the TPU fiber comprises the following steps:
and dissolving TPU in the N, N-dimethylformamide solution to obtain TPU solution, and spinning the TPU solution on the surface of the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer through electrostatic spinning.
Preferably, the conditions of the electrospinning are as follows: the spinning is carried out by a 23-G type metal needle head, the injection speed is 2mL/h, the voltage is 12kV, the rotating speed of the roller is 100rpm, and the spinning distance is 15cm.
A third aspect of the present invention provides the use of a multifunctional dressing having haemostatic, antibacterial and drug-directed delivery properties, in particular in haemostatic, anti-extravasation, antibacterial, anti-bacterial adhesion, drug-directed delivery and/or wound healing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention provides a multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and directional transport healing promoting drugs, which has a Janus double-sided composite membrane structure, and is characterized in that the structural gradient of a hydrophobic layer (thickness is about 25 μm) fiber with a fiber diameter of about 1 μm and a super-hydrophilic layer fiber (thickness is about 250 μm) with a fiber diameter of about 130nm and the wettability gradient of hydrophobic (WCA=128°)/super-hydrophilic (WCA=0°) can realize the directional transport of liquid drugs from the hydrophobic layer to the super-hydrophilic layer, and simultaneously, capillary resistance pressure difference (delta p > 0) from the super-hydrophilic layer to the hydrophobic layer can prevent blood permeation.
(2) The super hydrophilic layer absorbs water in blood, and simultaneously the charge interaction between the introduced chitosan and the platelets promotes blood coagulation, so that hemostasis is promoted and blood loss is reduced; specifically, the multifunctional dressing coagulates 61.3% of blood in a whole blood coagulation test; the clotting time of 2mL of blood was 403.+ -. 10s; the blood absorption multiple is 10.21+/-0.54 times of the weight of the animal; the blood loss in the vascular injury model was 0.
(3) By introducing chitosan and silver nano triangular plates into the super-hydrophilic layer, the multifunctional dressing has an antibacterial rate of up to 99.9%, and also has excellent antibacterial adhesion due to the resistance of a hydration layer formed on the hydrophilic layer to bacteria and lower oil adhesion and antibacterial capacity.
(4) The multifunctional dressing can also promote wound healing of injury of a whole tissue layer, and animal experiments of the whole skin defect prove that the multifunctional dressing is used under the conditions of superhydrophilic surface skin pasting and superhydrophobic surface outward facing, the wound healing rate of a mouse after administration is obviously improved, the wound healing rate is improved to nearly 100% from 87.65% when no administration is performed, the wound healing is effectively promoted, the regeneration of epidermis and granulation tissues is promoted, collagen is formed, and the scar area is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments do not constitute any limitation of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort from the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of water contact angle measurements in air of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces of PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a view of the hydrophilic side of a droplet of blood after the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1 has been hydrophilic;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the absorption rate of PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1 in a body fluid-like liquid;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the results of in vitro hemostatic performance evaluation of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1 in a dynamic whole blood coagulation model;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the evaluation of clotting time of PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the bleeding results of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1 in a vascular injury model;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the diffusion results of blue ink on the hydrophilic surface of PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1;
FIG. 9 is a graph of hydrophilic surface diffusion diameter versus time of a blue ink in a PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the directional transport behavior of a liquid drug on a PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the solids content results of a liquid drug before and after transport on a PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1;
FIG. 12 is a panel of the antibacterial properties of PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1 against E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus;
FIG. 13 is a panel of antibacterial adhesion properties of PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1 to E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus;
FIG. 14 is a graph of a wound of a mouse treated with the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1;
fig. 15 is an H & E stained section of regenerated skin tissue from a mouse treated with PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing as described in example 1 (scale bar = 50 μm);
fig. 16 is a Masson-stained section of regenerated skin tissue from mice treated with PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing as described in example 1 (scale bar = 50 μm).
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to figures 1-16 and examples.
Example 1
The multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug directional transport functions has a Janus two-sided structure, comprises an electrostatically woven super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer, and the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan fibers containing silver nano triangular plates; the super-hydrophobic nanometer fiber layer is connected with the super-hydrophilic nanometer fiber layer in a fitting way, the super-hydrophobic nanometer fiber layer is composed of TPU fibers,
the preparation method of the multifunctional dressing with the functions of hemostasis, antibiosis and directional drug delivery comprises the following steps:
(1) 250. Mu.L of AgNO was taken in 24.25mL of ultrapure water 3 (10 mmol/L) and Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 (10 mmol/L) and mixed at room temperature, rapidly and vigorously stirred under a magnetic stirrer for 10min, the silver nitrate and trisodium citrate were thoroughly mixed, and then 250. Mu.LNaBH was added dropwise 4 (8 mmol/L) and NaOH (0.125 mol/L), immediately generating bright yellow silver seed solution, continuously stirring for 2min, vertically illuminating with 120W sodium lamp, continuously stirring for 2h, completely turning the solution into green, and turning the solution into blue after illumination for 5hStopping the reaction to prepare a silver nano triangular plate solution;
(2) 0.9g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, mw= 195000) is weighed into a wide-mouth bottle filled with 9.1g of distilled water as a solvent, and placed into an oil bath pot with constant temperature of 80 ℃ and stirred at a low speed for 6 hours to obtain a PVA solution with the mass fraction of 9%; 0.3g of chitosan (CS, mw=200000) was weighed, a chitosan solution with a mass fraction of 3% was prepared using a 3% glacial acetic acid solution as a solvent, and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours;
(3) According to 63:27:10, respectively taking the PVA solution, the chitosan solution and the silver nano triangular plate solution in a wide-mouth bottle according to the volume ratio, stirring for 12 hours at normal temperature, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour to obtain spinning solution;
(4) The spinning solution is added into a 20mL syringe provided with a 23-G metal needle, and the spinning condition of an electrostatic spinning machine is set as the injection speed: 0.6mL/h, voltage: 26kV, roller rotation speed: 100rpm, spinning distance: 15cm to obtain a hydrophilic electrostatic spinning film;
(5) Adding 0.12g of concentrated hydrochloric acid into a beaker containing 10g of glutaraldehyde solution with the mass fraction of 25%, placing the beaker into a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, and placing the hydrophilic electrostatic spinning film obtained in the step (4) into the vacuum drying oven for crosslinking for 12 hours to obtain a super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer insoluble in water;
(6) Dissolving an electrostatic spinning level TPU in an N, N-dimethylformamide solution to obtain a TPU solution with the mass fraction of 15%, spinning the TPU solution on the surface of the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer by an electrostatic spinning method, specifically adding the TPU solution into a 20mL syringe provided with a 23-G metal needle, and setting the spinning condition of an electrostatic spinning machine as the injection speed: 2mL/h, voltage: 12kV, roller rotation speed: 100rpm, spinning distance: 15cm to obtain the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing with a super-hydrophilic/super-hydrophobic wettability Janus structure.
Experimental example
1. Microscopic characterization of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing
An electron micrograph of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing described in example 1 is shown in FIG. 1, the dressing being made by a hydrophobic layer (thickness of about 25 μm) fiber having a fiber diameter of about 1 μm being transited to a super hydrophilic layer fiber (thickness of about 250 μm) fiber having a fiber diameter of about 130 nm.
2. Hemostatic and impervious properties of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing
(1) The hydrophilic-hydrophobic surface of the PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing described in example 1 was measured for surface wettability in air, respectively, as shown in fig. 2, with a water contact angle in air of 0 ° for the hydrophilic surface and 128 ° for the hydrophobic surface.
(2) As shown in figure 3, 10 mu L of blood is dripped on the hydrophilic surface of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing, so that the blood is coagulated on the super-hydrophilic surface, and the hydrophobic surface has no blood exudation, which shows that the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing has good hemostatic and anti-blood extravasation capabilities.
(3) Preparing a mixed solution of sodium chloride (0.8298%, w/v) and calcium chloride (0.0368%, w/v) as a body fluid-like solution, completely immersing the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing in the body fluid-like solution for 0min, 10min, 30min, 1h and 2h respectively, removing redundant liquid, weighing a sample, testing the absorption ratio, repeating each measured value for three times, wherein the absorption ratio is calculated by adopting the following formula:
wherein M0 is the weight before absorption, and M1 is the weight after absorption.
The measurement results are shown in fig. 4, and the PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing shows a continuous absorption capacity for a body fluid-like solution.
(4) The PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing was cut into a round shape (Janus) with a diameter of 1cm, placed in a glass plastic petri dish preheated in a 37℃water bath with the hydrophilic side facing upwards, and subjected to a clotting test with anticoagulated rabbit blood (sodium citrate 12%) with 0.2M calcium chloride solution at a ratio of 10:1, immediately dripping 25 μl of blood on the center of a round sample, taking 25 μl of blood distributed in an empty culture dish without sample as a control group, coagulating the blood on different samples at 37 ℃ for 5min, adding 10mL of deionized water without disturbing the clot to stop coagulation, dissolving uncoagulated red blood cells (free blood cells not trapped in the clot) and releasing hemoglobin into the water, measuring the optical absorbance (OD) of the resulting hemoglobin solution at 540nm with a spectrophotometer, calculating the concentration of hemoglobin (hemoglobin content) in the water at clotting time (t), and calculating the HC value as follows:
HC＝OD×367.7
wherein OD represents the amount of hemoglobin of non-coagulated red blood cells.
The experimental results are shown in fig. 5, and after 5min, the water around the sample is nearly colorless, which proves that the coagulation effect is very good. The PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing was calculated to coagulate 61.3% of blood in the whole blood coagulation test.
(5) 2mL of anticoagulated rabbit blood was added to a test tube containing 20mg of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing (Janus), and 60. Mu.L of calcium chloride (0.25 mol/L) solution was added to the test tube with medical gauze and PVA film as controls, respectively, the test tube was tilted once every 15 seconds, and the time at which no blood flow was observed was recorded.
As shown in FIG. 6, the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing had a clotting time of 403.+ -.10 s, superior to that of medical gauze (511.+ -.12 s) and PVA film (460.+ -.14 s) when blood was completely coagulated and stopped flowing.
(6) The PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing is completely soaked in anticoagulated rabbit blood, the blood absorption capacity is measured, medical gauze and a PVA film are used as a control and a comparison respectively, and the blood absorption capacity is calculated by the following formula:
wherein M0 is the weight before absorption of blood, and M1 is the weight after absorption of blood.
The PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing can absorb 10.21+/-0.54 times of blood of the weight of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing, and is higher than medical gauze (7.13+/-1.04 times) and PVA film (9.32+/-0.82 times).
(7) Referring to fig. 7, vascular tissue was simulated with a polytetrafluoroethylene tube (inner diameter 10 mm), an opening (5 mm x 8 mm) was made in the tube to simulate a wound, the PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing was fixed at the opening (hydrophilic surface facing inward, hydrophobic surface facing outward) with a medical tape, the whole vascular model was fixed on a pre-weighed petri dish, anticoagulated rabbit blood (mixed with calcium chloride to initiate coagulation) was added to the tube (each 3 mL), after removal of the tube, the weight increase of the petri dish reflected the blood loss in the vascular model, the duration from the start to the end of blood exudation was measured to be 0g, and no blood exudation was confirmed, the PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing had excellent hemostatic and blood extravasation preventing capabilities.
Based on the above results, analyzing the intrinsic coagulation mechanism of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing mainly has two aspects, namely, on one hand, as moisture in blood can be quickly absorbed by the super-hydrophilic layer of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing, red blood cells, platelets and coagulation factors in the blood are aggregated, so that blood coagulation is promoted; if blood reaches the interface of the super hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers, capillary pressure difference delta P is generated
Wherein D1 and D2 are respectively the pore diameters of the super-hydrophobic nanofiber layer and the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer, theta 1 And theta 2 The water contact angles of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, respectively), taking into account the micro-scale pores (P L1 ) Is much greater than the capillary pressure of the nano-scale pores (P L2 ) Therefore, deltaP # ->0) Plays a key resistance role in preventing blood from directly entering the hydrophobic layer from super-hydrophilicity; on the other hand, in the process of absorbing blood from a wound into a hydrophilic layer, positive charges of CS contained in the super-hydrophilic layer are combined with negative charges of platelets, and platelets accumulate to promote hemostasis. Thus, the potential coagulation mechanism of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing is formed by the water absorption of a super-hydrophilic layer, the coagulation of chitosan and the capillary anti-pressure difference (delta P) to prevent blood extravasation.
3. Drug directional transport properties of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing
(1) Cutting the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing into a square with the side length of 3.5cm, taking heroic blue ink as a test liquid drop, respectively measuring the relationship between the diffusion diameter of 25 mu L, 50 mu L and 100 mu L of liquid drops on the hydrophilic surface and the time of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing, taking 50 mu L of ink as an example, respectively facing the hydrophilic surface or the hydrophobic surface of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing, taking 50 mu L of ink drop at the center of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing, and respectively recording the diffusion process of the ink on the hydrophilic surface or the hydrophobic surface of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing by using a camera.
As shown in fig. 8-9, water can only be transported from the hydrophobic surface to the hydrophilic surface and not from the hydrophilic surface, and it is apparent that the diffusion area of water at the hydrophilic surface is larger than that of the hydrophobic surface regardless of the volume of water.
(2) As shown in fig. 10, a drop of liquid drug was dropped on the hydrophobic surface of the PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing, the drop collapsed from an initial spherical shape, then penetrated and diffused downward until the drop completely disappeared, and the liquid drug completed transport from the hydrophobic side to the hydrophilic side.
(3) Cutting the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing into a square with the side length of 3.5cm, taking a healing promoting liquid medicine as a test liquid medicine, fixing the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing on a funnel filter device, separating 2mL of the healing promoting liquid medicine, respectively taking 1mL of unfiltered and filtered healing promoting liquid medicine, putting the unfiltered and filtered healing promoting liquid medicine into an electrothermal blowing drying box for drying until all liquid is dried, recording the weight of the liquid medicine before and after drying, and calculating the solid content (Solidcontent) by adopting the following formula:
wherein M0 and M1 are the weights of the liquid drug before and after drying, respectively.
The results of the experiment are shown in fig. 11, where the solid content of the liquid drug is 2.47% and the solid content of the liquid drug after transport through the PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing is 2.66%, and it can be seen that the solid content of the liquid drug before transport is less than the solid content of the liquid drug after transport through the membrane, which we attribute to the hydrophilic side absorbing a part of the moisture of the drug liquid.
4. Antibacterial and antibacterial adhesion resistance of PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing
(1) 20mg of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing was combined with 1X 10 7 CFU/mL of E.coli and golden yellowStaphylococcal suspensions (sterilized PBS) were mixed and incubated at 37℃for 8 hours at 180r/min as an experimental group (Janus), a control group (Ctrl) was free of samples, the bacterial solutions were diluted 10-fold once, 100. Mu.L was spread on agar plates, incubated at 37℃for 12 hours, and the antibacterial ratio (AR,%) was calculated as follows:
wherein N is 1 Colony count of control group, N 2 The colony count of the experimental group.
The calculation result is shown in fig. 12, and compared with the control group, the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing basically has no bacteria growth, which shows that the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing has good antibacterial property to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, the antibacterial rate reaches 99.9%, and wound infection can be prevented.
(2) Cutting the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing into a plurality of circles with the diameter of 1cm, respectively placing the circles into test tubes to serve as an experimental group (Janus), taking a sample-free test tube as a control group (Ctrl), and taking 100 mu L of 1 multiplied by 10 7 The CFU/mL escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus suspension is dripped on a blank test tube or a hydrophilic surface of a sample membrane in the test tube, adhered for 1h, 10mL PBS buffer solution is added, the mixture is put into a constant temperature shaking table to shake for 30min, 10 times of dilution is carried out after the mixture is taken out, 100 mu L of bacteria liquid is taken out and coated on a flat plate, and the mixture is cultured for 12h at 37 ℃.
As shown in FIG. 13, compared with the control group, the number of the coliform bacteria and the staphylococcus aureus flat plate coating bacteria of the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing is smaller than that of the control group, so that the PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing has excellent antibacterial adhesion capability, the antibacterial adhesion rate reaches 100%, and the adhesion of bacteria to wounds can be prevented.
5. The PVA/CS/Ag@TPU dressing has the property of promoting wound healing of full tissue layer injury
(1) C57BL/6 male mice weighing about 19-20g were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 1% pentobarbital sodium, the hair in the back area was shaved off, and sterilized with 70% alcohol, the skin was covered with gauze, the skin was isolated from the outside environment, a round full-thickness Wound (diameter 7 mm) was created on the back of each mouse using a punch, the PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing (hydrophilic face skin, hydrophobic face outward) was implanted in the Wound site of the mouse, and 10 drops of healing promoting liquid medicine were dropped on the hydrophobic layer facing outward, the dressing was replaced once every 2 days, and photographed with a digital camera on days 4, 7, 10 on the PVA film and the PVA/CS/ag@tpu were used as controls, and compared, respectively, and the Wound area (Wound area) percentage was calculated as follows:
wherein S is 1 Is the original wound area, S 2 Is the wound area after treatment.
As shown in fig. 14, after 10 days, the wound of the mice was basically healed, the wound area was reduced to 2.39%, and the wound areas of the mice treated with the PVA/CS/ag@tpu dressing were respectively reduced to 21.39%, 16.68% and 12.35% compared with medical gauze, PVA film, indicating that the wound dressing can be applied as a full tissue layer wound dressing.
(2) For histological analysis, the wound tissue of mice was excised on days 4, 7, 10, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, paraffin embedded, the tissue was sectioned into 4 μm sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Masson trichromatic stain, respectively.
As shown in fig. 15, it is seen from the HE staining results that on day 4, the thickness of granulation tissue formed around the new blood vessels was reduced in the mice treated with Janus band-aid material + liquid medicine, and the subcutaneous tissue of the mice group developed new hair follicles; on day 7, the granulation tissue is more mature than other groups, the epidermis and dermis layers form a new growth, and the subcutaneous tissue is complete and free of inflammatory cell infiltration; on day 10, the skin crusts and falls off, the mouse epidermis and granulation tissue no longer hypertrophic, and wound remodeling is about to be completed.
As shown in fig. 16, the Masson staining results showed that the collagen content (blue) was gradually increased, and the collagen fibers were aligned at day 10, and the effect was evident.
It should be noted that, in the above-mentioned component, proportion and technological parameter range described in the present invention, the technical scheme obtained by selecting other components, proportion and technological parameter can all achieve the technical effect of the present invention, so it is not listed one by one.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The multifunctional dressing with the hemostatic, antibacterial and drug directional transportation functions is characterized by comprising a super-hydrophobic nanofiber layer and a super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer which are connected in a fitting manner, wherein the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer is formed by polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan fibers containing silver nano triangular plates, and the super-hydrophobic nanofiber layer is formed by TPU fibers;
the water contact angle of the water repellent surface of the multifunctional dressing is 128 degrees, and the water contact angle of the water repellent surface is 0 degree;
the fiber diameter of the super-hydrophobic nanofiber layer is 1 mu m, and the thickness of the film layer is 25 mu m; the fiber diameter of the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer is 130nm, and the thickness of the film layer is 250 mu m.
2. The method for preparing a multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug-oriented transport effects according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing the polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan fiber containing the silver nano triangular plate by an electrostatic spinning method, and obtaining the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer after crosslinking;
(2) And (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the TPU fibers on the surface of the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer to obtain the multifunctional dressing.
3. The method of preparing a superhydrophilic nanofiber layer according to claim 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing a silver nano triangular plate by a photoinduction method;
s2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in distilled water to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, and dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan solution;
s3, mixing the silver nano triangular plate, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the chitosan solution according to a ratio to obtain spinning solution;
and S4, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution, and then crosslinking in hot glutaraldehyde-hydrochloric acid steam to obtain the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the method of manufacturing the silver nano-triangular plate comprises the steps of:
and (3) fully stirring and mixing the silver nitrate solution and the trisodium citrate solution, dropwise adding the mixed solution of sodium borohydride and sodium hydroxide to obtain a bright yellow silver seed solution, stirring, vertically illuminating with a sodium lamp, and stirring until the solution is changed from green to blue to obtain the silver nano triangular plate solution.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the conditions for electrospinning in step S4 are as follows: the spinning is carried out by a 23-G type metal needle head, the injection speed is 0.6mL/h, the voltage is 26kV, the rotating speed of the roller is 100rpm, and the spinning distance is 15cm.
6. The process for preparing the TPU fibers according to claim 2, wherein said process for preparing the TPU fibers comprises the steps of:
and dissolving TPU in the N, N-dimethylformamide solution to obtain TPU solution, and spinning the TPU solution on the surface of the super-hydrophilic nanofiber layer through electrostatic spinning.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the conditions of electrospinning are: the spinning is carried out by a 23-G type metal needle head, the injection speed is 2mL/h, the voltage is 12kV, the rotating speed of the roller is 100rpm, and the spinning distance is 15cm.
8. The use of a multifunctional dressing with hemostatic, antibacterial and drug-targeting functions according to claim 1 for the preparation of hemostatic, anti-blood extravasation, antibacterial adhesion, drug-targeting and/or wound healing promoting materials.
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