CN115994431A - Hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme optimization method and system based on risk evaluation - Google Patents
Hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme optimization method and system based on risk evaluation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for optimizing a hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme based on risk evaluation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring occurrence probability of each leakage scene in a limited space; selecting a typical leakage scene from the leakage scenes according to the occurrence probability; presetting monitoring points in a limited space, performing typical leakage scene simulation on the limited space, and determining the maximum gas cloud volume which is detected by each monitoring point in a typical leakage scene and exceeds a concentration threshold; and obtaining a hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme according to the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene, the maximum gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in each typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold value, and a hydrogen detector space arrangement optimization model, wherein the hydrogen detector space arrangement optimization model aims at minimizing the leakage risk. When the hydrogen leakage monitoring is carried out by the hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme determined by the invention, the risk of hydrogen leakage is minimized, and the timely and effective monitoring of hydrogen leakage is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detector arrangement, in particular to a hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme optimization method and system based on risk evaluation.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
When the hydrogen content in the mixed gas is more than 4%, explosion is very easy to occur, so that the concentration of the hydrogen in the mixed gas in a limited space must be monitored in real time in the process of using and transporting the hydrogen.
The existing method is to arrange a large number of hydrogen detectors in a limited space to detect the concentration of hydrogen, however, when the hydrogen detectors are arranged, the existing arrangement mode of the hydrogen detectors cannot accurately evaluate hydrogen leakage and further cannot estimate the risk of hydrogen leakage according to design specifications or actual detection experience of GB50493-2009 (petrochemical industry combustible gas toxic gas detection alarm design Specification), SY6503-2016 (petroleum and natural gas engineering distinct gas detection alarm System safety Specification) and the like, and the influence of uncertain factors such as leakage positions, process conditions, product components and phases, surrounding geometric shapes, weather conditions and the like on hydrogen concentration detection at different monitoring positions is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method and a system for optimizing the spatial arrangement scheme of the hydrogen detector based on risk evaluation, and the risk of hydrogen leakage is minimized when the spatial arrangement scheme of the hydrogen detector determined by the invention is adopted for hydrogen leakage monitoring.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a method for optimizing a spatial arrangement scheme of a hydrogen detector based on risk evaluation is provided, including:
acquiring occurrence probability of each leakage scene in a limited space;
selecting a typical leakage scene from the leakage scenes according to the occurrence probability;
presetting monitoring points in a limited space, setting a monitoring concentration threshold value, carrying out typical leakage scene simulation on the limited space, and determining the maximum value of the gas cloud volume exceeding the concentration threshold value, which is detected by each monitoring point in the typical leakage scene;
and obtaining a hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme according to the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene, the maximum gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in each typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold value and a hydrogen detector space arrangement optimization model, wherein the hydrogen detector space arrangement optimization model aims at minimum leakage risk, is constrained by the number of arranged detectors, and the monitoring points capable of detecting the concentration exceeding the concentration threshold value must be provided with the detectors and one monitoring point must be used as constraint condition in each typical leakage scene.
In a second aspect, a hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme optimization system based on risk evaluation is provided, including:
the leakage scene occurrence probability determining module is used for obtaining occurrence probability of each leakage scene;
the typical leakage scene selection module is used for selecting typical leakage scenes from the leakage scenes according to the occurrence probability;
the typical leakage scene simulation module is used for presetting monitoring points in the limited space, setting a monitoring concentration threshold value, performing typical leakage scene simulation on the limited space, and determining the maximum gas cloud volume which is detected by each monitoring point in the typical leakage scene and exceeds the concentration threshold value;
the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme determining module is used for obtaining a hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme according to the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene, the maximum gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in each typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold value, and the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimizing model, wherein the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimizing model aims at minimum leakage risk, the quantity constraint of the arranged detectors is used, the monitoring points capable of detecting the concentration exceeding the concentration threshold value must be provided with the detectors, and one monitoring point must be used as constraint conditions in each typical leakage scene.
In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided that includes a memory and a processor, and computer instructions stored on the memory and running on the processor that, when executed by the processor, perform the steps described by a method for optimizing a spatial arrangement of hydrogen detectors based on risk assessment.
In a fourth aspect, a computer readable storage medium is provided for storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform the steps of a method for optimizing a spatial arrangement of hydrogen detectors based on risk assessment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the hydrogen gas leakage monitoring method, the hydrogen gas detector space arrangement scheme is determined by taking the minimum leakage risk as a target, and when the hydrogen gas leakage monitoring is carried out by using the hydrogen gas detector space arrangement scheme determined by the method, the risk of hydrogen gas leakage is minimum, so that the timely and effective monitoring of hydrogen gas leakage is realized.
2. When the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene is determined, the occurrence probability of a leakage event of a leakage source in a limited space is considered, the occurrence probability of each environmental factor in the limited space is also considered, and on the basis, when the hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme is determined by the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene, the determined hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme is optimal due to the fact that various leakage scenes are comprehensively considered.
Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method disclosed in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a method for optimizing a spatial arrangement scheme of a hydrogen detector based on risk evaluation is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1, including:
s1: the method for acquiring the occurrence probability of each leakage scene in the limited space comprises the following steps:
the occurrence probability of the leakage event of the leakage source and the occurrence probability of each environmental factor in the limited space are obtained, and the occurrence probability of each leakage scene is determined according to the occurrence probability of the leakage event of the leakage source and the occurrence probability of each environmental factor.
The process for obtaining the probability of leakage event of the leakage source in the limited space comprises the following steps:
determining a leakage source in the limited space;
and determining the probability of occurrence of a leakage event of the leakage source according to the general leakage frequency and the management coefficient of the leakage source.
Preferably, a dangerous source identification method is applied to analyze potential leakage sources in the space, and main characteristics of the leakage sources and the leakage accidents are determined.
Among them, the hazard source identification method may be a hazard and operability analysis method (HAZOP) or a preliminary analysis method (PHA).
The main features of a leak event include the location, direction, and duration of the leak.
Obtaining the universal leakage frequency of each type of equipment with different release hole sizes according to a universal equipment failure history database provided by the API RP 581; calculating leakage event occurrence probability P(s) based on corresponding general leakage frequency and actual operation and management conditions xy )。
For ease of calculation, the four leak hole diameters shown in table 1 are used to represent the corresponding size categories.
TABLE 1 typical leak hole sizes
| Failure scenario | Leakage aperture range d | Representative value |
| Small hole leakage | 0<d≤6.4 | 6.4 |
| Leakage from the middle hole | 6.4<d≤51 | 25 |
| Macropore leakage | 51<d≤152 | 102 |
| Complete rupture of | d>152 | Diameter of the whole equipment |
The calculation formula of the leakage source set is as follows:
R＝{r xy } 1≤x≤b,1≤y≤4
probability of leakage event of leakage source P (r xy ) The calculation formula is as follows:
P(r xy )＝F Exy ×F G ×F M
wherein R is a set of leakage sources which generate leakage of a certain size; r is (r) xy A leakage source for y-size leakage for the xth device; b is the total number of all devices in the limited space; f (F) Exy The basic failure probability of y-size leakage of the xth device can be checked through API RP 581; f (F) G Is a correction factor; f (F) M For the management coefficients, it is determined according to the actual operation and management conditions.
Environmental factors refer to whether the limited space has a ventilation condition, and when the ventilation condition exists, the ventilation wind direction and the ventilation wind speed; and determining the occurrence probability of each environmental factor by acquiring the historical environmental factor information.
For simple calculation, the wind direction is equally divided into 8 directions by 360 degrees; using boolean delta to indicate whether or not there is a ventilation condition, delta = 1 to indicate that there is a ventilation condition; the environmental factor set is H= { delta.h θv } 1≤θ≤8,≤vmax ，h θv A set of environmental factors that ventilate the wind direction θ and the wind velocity v. Obtaining occurrence probability P (h) of each environmental factor based on calculation of historical environmental factor information data θv )。
Multiplying the occurrence probability of the leakage event of the leakage source by the occurrence probability of each environmental factor to obtain the occurrence probability of each leakage scene.
The leakage source combination and the environment combination are randomly selected to form leakage scenes, and the leakage source set and the environment factor set are mutually independent, so that the occurrence probability of each leakage scene can be calculated by the following formula:
P xyθν ＝P(r xy )·P(h θv )。
s2: and selecting a typical leakage scene from the leakage scenes according to the occurrence probability.
And setting a probability threshold value, and selecting a leakage scene with occurrence probability larger than the probability threshold value as a typical leakage scene.
S3: presetting monitoring points in a limited space, setting a monitoring concentration threshold value, carrying out typical leakage scene simulation on the limited space, and determining the maximum value of the gas cloud volume exceeding the concentration threshold value, which is detected by each monitoring point in the typical leakage scene, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
performing typical leakage scene simulation on the limited space through CFD simulation, and acquiring hydrogen leakage concentration of each monitoring point in the simulation process of each typical leakage scene;
for each typical leakage scene, screening out monitoring points with detected hydrogen leakage concentration exceeding a concentration threshold according to the hydrogen leakage concentration of each monitoring point, acquiring the gas cloud volume detected by the screened monitoring points, and selecting the maximum value from the gas cloud volumes detected by the screened monitoring points as the maximum value of the gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in the typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold.
According to the main characteristics and environmental factors of leakage accidents in typical leakage scenes, a k-epsilon turbulence model is adopted to describe turbulence in the hydrogen leakage process in each typical leakage scene, and a separation SIMPLE algorithm is adopted to couple the pressure and the flow rate of hydrogen at a hydrogen leakage port. According to the expected output precision, when CFD simulation is carried out, flow terms and diffusion terms in an N-S equation can respectively adopt a first-order or second-order windward format and a first-order or second-order central difference format to solve real-time concentration data of hydrogen leakage diffusion/accumulation.
S4: and obtaining a hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme according to the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene, the maximum gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in each typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold value and a hydrogen detector space arrangement optimization model, wherein the hydrogen detector space arrangement optimization model aims at minimum leakage risk, is constrained by the number of arranged detectors, and the monitoring points capable of detecting the concentration exceeding the concentration threshold value must be provided with the detectors and one monitoring point must be used as constraint condition in each typical leakage scene.
The objective function of the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimization model is as follows:
minR(U)＝min∑ i∈S P i ∑ j∈φ V ij δ ij 。
constraints on the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimization model include the number constraints on arranging the detectors, the monitoring points at which a concentration exceeding a concentration threshold can be detected must be set, and one monitoring point must be in each typical leak scenario.
The method comprises the following steps: to constrain the maximum number of placement probes, i.e., the number of placement probes, for economy, the formula is:
∑ j∈φ d j ≤n。
considering the relationship between the monitoring points and the gas detector arrangement, it is defined that if a certain monitoring point can detect a concentration exceeding the concentration threshold, the detector must be arranged at this point, i.e. the monitoring point that can detect a concentration exceeding the concentration threshold must be provided with the detector, expressed as:
considering the relation between the gas detector and the leakage scene, a monitoring point is set in each typical leakage scene, and the formula is as follows:
wherein U is a decision combination and represents a group of detector arrangement positions; s is a typical leakage scene set, s= {1,2 … m }, m is the maximum typical leakage scene number; phi is a group of monitoring points, phi= {1,2 … n }, n is the number of monitoring points; p (P) i The occurrence probability of a typical leakage scene i; delta ij Indicating whether the monitoring point j detects the typical leakage scene i, taking 1 or 0, when delta ij When=1, it indicates that the monitoring point j detects a typical leakage scene i, when δ ij When=0, it indicates that the monitoring point j does not detect the typical leakage scene i; v (V) ij Is the detection of each monitoring point in a typical leakage scene iA maximum gas cloud volume that exceeds the concentration threshold, which is associated with a typical leakage scenario i detected at the monitoring point j, V ij ＝max(V ijk ),V ijk Detecting the kth gas cloud volume exceeding a concentration threshold value released by a typical leakage scene i for a monitoring point j; d, d j Indicating whether the hydrogen detector exists at the jth detection point, taking 0 and 1, d j =1 means that the j-th detection point exists in the detector, otherwise d j =0, n is the number of detectors.
Substituting the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene and the maximum gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in each typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold value into the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimization model for solving, and obtaining the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme.
When the hydrogen detector is arranged in a limited space through the hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme, the risk of hydrogen leakage is minimum when the hydrogen leakage is monitored, and the timely and effective monitoring of the hydrogen leakage is realized.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme optimization system based on risk assessment is disclosed, comprising:
the leakage scene occurrence probability determining module is used for obtaining occurrence probability of each leakage scene;
the typical leakage scene selection module is used for selecting typical leakage scenes from the leakage scenes according to the occurrence probability;
the typical leakage scene simulation module is used for presetting monitoring points in the limited space, setting a monitoring concentration threshold value, performing typical leakage scene simulation on the limited space, and determining the maximum gas cloud volume which is detected by each monitoring point in the typical leakage scene and exceeds the concentration threshold value;
the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme determining module is used for obtaining a hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme according to the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene, the maximum gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in each typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold value, and the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimizing model, wherein the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimizing model aims at minimum leakage risk, the quantity constraint of the arranged detectors is used, the monitoring points capable of detecting the concentration exceeding the concentration threshold value must be provided with the detectors, and one monitoring point must be used as constraint conditions in each typical leakage scene.
Example 3
In this embodiment, an electronic device is disclosed that includes a memory and a processor, and computer instructions stored on the memory and running on the processor that, when executed by the processor, perform the steps described in the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme optimization method based on risk assessment disclosed in embodiment 1.
Example 4
In this embodiment, a computer readable storage medium is disclosed for storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform the steps of the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme optimization method based on risk assessment disclosed in embodiment 1.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for optimizing the spatial arrangement scheme of the hydrogen detector based on risk evaluation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring occurrence probability of each leakage scene in a limited space;
selecting a typical leakage scene from the leakage scenes according to the occurrence probability;
presetting monitoring points in a limited space, setting a monitoring concentration threshold value, carrying out typical leakage scene simulation on the limited space, and determining the maximum value of the gas cloud volume exceeding the concentration threshold value, which is detected by each monitoring point in the typical leakage scene;
and obtaining a hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme according to the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene, the maximum gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in each typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold value and a hydrogen detector space arrangement optimization model, wherein the hydrogen detector space arrangement optimization model aims at minimum leakage risk, is constrained by the number of arranged detectors, and the monitoring points capable of detecting the concentration exceeding the concentration threshold value must be provided with the detectors and one monitoring point must be used as constraint condition in each typical leakage scene.
2. The method for optimizing the spatial arrangement scheme of the hydrogen detector based on risk evaluation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the probability of occurrence of a leakage event of the leakage source and the probability of occurrence of each environmental factor in the limited space are obtained, and the probability of occurrence of each leakage scene is determined according to the probability of occurrence of the leakage event of the leakage source and the probability of occurrence of each environmental factor.
3. The method for optimizing a spatial arrangement scheme of a hydrogen detector based on risk assessment according to claim 2, wherein a leakage source in a limited space is determined;
and determining the probability of occurrence of a leakage event of the leakage source according to the general leakage frequency and the management coefficient of the leakage source.
4. The method for optimizing a spatial arrangement scheme of a hydrogen detector based on risk assessment according to claim 2, wherein the environmental factor means whether the limited space has a ventilation condition, and when the ventilation condition exists, a wind direction and a wind speed of ventilation;
and determining the occurrence probability of each environmental factor by acquiring the historical environmental factor information.
5. The method for optimizing the spatial arrangement scheme of the hydrogen detector based on risk evaluation according to claim 2, wherein the occurrence probability of each leakage scene is obtained by multiplying the occurrence probability of each environmental factor by the occurrence probability of the leakage event of the leakage source.
6. The optimization method of the hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme based on risk evaluation according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that the limited space is subjected to typical leakage scene simulation through CFD simulation, and the hydrogen leakage concentration of each monitoring point in each typical leakage scene simulation process is obtained;
for each typical leakage scene, screening out monitoring points with detected hydrogen leakage concentration exceeding a concentration threshold according to the hydrogen leakage concentration of each monitoring point, acquiring the gas cloud volume detected by the screened monitoring points, and selecting the maximum value from the gas cloud volumes detected by the screened monitoring points as the maximum value of the gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in the typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold.
7. The method for optimizing a spatial arrangement scheme of a hydrogen detector based on risk assessment according to claim 1, wherein an objective function of the spatial arrangement optimization model of the hydrogen detector is:
the constraint conditions are as follows:
∑ j∈φ d j ≤n；
δ ij ≤d j ；
wherein U is a decision combination and represents a group of detector arrangement positions; s is a typical leakage scene set; phi is a group of monitoring points; p (P) i The occurrence probability of a typical leakage scene i; delta ij Indicating whether a monitoring point j detects a typical leakage scene i; v (V) ij Is the maximum value of the volume of the gas cloud exceeding the concentration threshold value detected by each monitoring point in the typical leakage scene i; d, d j Indicating whether or not the jth detection point has hydrogen detectionA measuring device.
8. Hydrogen detector space arrangement scheme optimizing system based on risk evaluation, characterized by comprising:
the leakage scene occurrence probability determining module is used for obtaining occurrence probability of each leakage scene in the limited space;
the typical leakage scene selection module is used for selecting typical leakage scenes from the leakage scenes according to the occurrence probability;
the typical leakage scene simulation module is used for presetting monitoring points in the limited space, setting a monitoring concentration threshold value, performing typical leakage scene simulation on the limited space, and determining the maximum gas cloud volume which is detected by each monitoring point in the typical leakage scene and exceeds the concentration threshold value;
the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme determining module is used for obtaining a hydrogen detector spatial arrangement scheme according to the occurrence probability of each typical leakage scene, the maximum gas cloud volume detected by each monitoring point in each typical leakage scene and exceeding the concentration threshold value, and the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimizing model, wherein the hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimizing model aims at minimum leakage risk, the quantity constraint of the arranged detectors is used, the monitoring points capable of detecting the concentration exceeding the concentration threshold value must be provided with the detectors, and one monitoring point must be used as constraint conditions in each typical leakage scene.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor and computer instructions stored on the memory and running on the processor, which when executed by the processor, perform the steps of the risk assessment-based hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimization method of any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform the steps of the risk assessment based hydrogen detector spatial arrangement optimization method of any one of claims 1-7.
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| PCT/CN2023/103300 WO2024124861A1 (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2023-06-28 | Method and system for optimizing hydrogen detector spatial-arrangement solution on basis of risk assessment |
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| WO2024124861A1 (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method and system for optimizing hydrogen detector spatial-arrangement solution on basis of risk assessment |
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| KR101662950B1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2016-10-07 | 중앙대학교 산학협력단 | System for quantity prediction of accident damage by gas leakage in confined space |
| CN108536980B (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2021-11-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Gas detector discrete site selection optimization method considering reliability factor |
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