CN115990813A - Accurate grinding method for numerical control aspheric cup type grinding wheel - Google Patents
Accurate grinding method for numerical control aspheric cup type grinding wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115990813A CN115990813A CN202310170066.4A CN202310170066A CN115990813A CN 115990813 A CN115990813 A CN 115990813A CN 202310170066 A CN202310170066 A CN 202310170066A CN 115990813 A CN115990813 A CN 115990813A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of optical processing, and discloses a grinding method for a numerical control aspheric cup grinding wheel. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Preparing an incoming material lens, wherein one surface of the incoming material lens is spherical, and the other surface of the incoming material lens is provided with a platform; the spherical surface is the best fit spherical surface of the target aspheric surface; (2) edge thickness deviation measurement; (3) bonding and typing; (4) adopting a cup-shaped grinding wheel to conduct aspheric surface fine grinding; (5) Detecting the surface type precision PV99 of the finished feed lens, and ending the process if the target surface type precision is reached; if the target surface type precision is not achieved, the detection result is led into a numerical control machine tool correction project to carry out surface type correction; (6) Repeating the steps (4) - (5) until the target surface type precision is achieved. The invention is suitable for aspheric surface fine grinding, has high processing efficiency and short processing time, has shallow damage layer on the surface of the aspheric lens, saves polishing time for subsequent aspheric surface polishing, and is beneficial to control of polishing surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical processing, and particularly relates to a precision grinding method of a numerical control aspheric cup type grinding wheel.
Background
Along with the increasing demands of the fields of aerospace, space exploration and the like on aspheric lenses with the aperture of 150-400 mm, long focal length and wide viewing angle, the conventional spherical processing technology is different from the aspheric processing technology in terms of technical principle.
For rough machining of spherical lenses, the main current machining method is to use a spherical milling technology to machine and use a numerical control lathe to turn. In the case of aspherical lenses, the rough machining method can only be used for machining along an aspherical surface profile by adopting a point contact method. It has the following problems: (1) The surface of the lens is greatly extruded, so that a main shaft of a machine tool is easy to damage, the depth of a layer is damaged, and the subsequent polishing is not facilitated; (2) The method is a small ball grinding head point contact method, and is used for processing the aspheric surface, and the grinding head has small diameter, small cutting linear speed, low cutting efficiency and large surface roughness; (3) The processing time is long, and eight or nine hours are needed for processing one surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a numerical control aspheric cup type grinding wheel fine grinding method. The method has high processing efficiency and short time, has shallow damage layer to the surface of the aspherical lens, saves polishing time for subsequent aspherical polishing, and is beneficial to the control of polishing surface type.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a fine grinding method of a numerical control aspheric cup grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an incoming material lens, wherein one surface of the incoming material lens is spherical, and the other surface of the incoming material lens is provided with a platform; the spherical surface is a best fit spherical surface of a target aspheric surface, and the target aspheric surface represents an aspheric surface which is wanted to be achieved after the cup-shaped grinding wheel is subjected to accurate grinding;
(2) Edge thickness deviation measurement: ETV measurement is carried out on the spherical surface of the incoming material lens on a thickness gauge, and positions of the lowest point, the highest point and at least 1 intermediate value are marked;
(3) Bonding and marking: bonding the surface of the lens with the platform on the plane end of the fixture chuck by using an adhesive, fixing the chuck end of the fixture chuck on a numerical control machine tool, performing surface marking, and marking the measured value in the step (2) to a corresponding position;
(4) Adopting a cup-shaped grinding wheel to conduct aspheric surface accurate grinding process, and setting parameters as follows: inputting the height of a tool chuck and the thickness of the center of an incoming material lens into a numerical control machine tool, and adopting a fixed thread pitch P and a fixed cutting speed V for fine grinding, wherein the value of the thread pitch P is 0.03-0.1 mm, the value of the cutting speed V is 8000-15000 mm/min, and the rotating speed of a cup-shaped grinding wheel is 5000-70000 r/min;
when the cup-shaped grinding wheel carries out aspheric surface fine grinding, the processing point of the cup-shaped grinding wheel moves from the end part of the feeding lens to the center position of the feeding lens, the rotation speed of the feeding lens is gradually increased from 0.2-0.8 r/min to 200-400 r/min along with the movement of the processing point from the outer end part of the feeding lens to the center of the feeding lens, and the rotation directions of the cup-shaped grinding wheel and the feeding lens are opposite;
(5) Detecting the surface type precision PV99 of the finished feed lens, and ending the process if the target surface type precision is reached; if the target surface type precision is not achieved, the detection result is led into a numerical control machine tool correction project to carry out surface type correction;
(6) Repeating the steps (4) - (5) until the target surface type precision is achieved.
Further, in step (1), the positions of the lowest point, the highest point and 2 intermediate values are marked.
Further, in the step (3), an error of 1-4 micrometers is controlled in the process of marking.
Further, in the step (3), the adhesive is at least one of rosin, paraffin, asphalt and quick-drying 502 dispensing.
Further preferably, the bonding is specifically: spreading an adhesive on the plane end of the fixture chuck, placing the fixture chuck under a heating table or a heating lamp, baking until the adhesive is completely melted into a liquid state, placing one surface of a material lens platform with the platform on the fixture chuck, standing for 1-3 min, and obtaining the lens without sliding.
Further preferably, in the step (4), the cup-shaped grinding wheel starts to feed from the outer end part of the feed lens, and in the feeding process, the feeding amount is controlled to be 0.005-0.05 mm, and the feeding speed is controlled to be 0.5-1 mm/min.
Further, in the step (4), during the aspheric surface fine grinding process, when the cup-shaped grinding wheel carries out the aspheric surface fine grinding processing, the processing point is provided with a left knife edge and a right knife edge, and the left knife edge is moved to the middle position of the incoming material lens from the left end part of the incoming material lens according to the aspheric surface during the processing; the right edge of the cutter moves from the right end part of the incoming material lens to the middle position of the incoming material lens according to the aspheric surface.
Further, in the step (5), the target surface type precision PV99 is 0.4-1.5 μm.
Further, the step (5) further comprises, if the target surface type accuracy is not achieved, performing contour detection of the incoming lens, and introducing contour detection data into the numerical control machine tool to perform surface type correction.
Further, setting n as the distance between the processing point and the center of the incoming lens
When the rotational speed of the incoming material lens is at the same time,
r is the maximum radius of the incoming material lens, A is the maximum rotating speed of the incoming material lens, [ X ]]Indicating that the working point is located on the incoming lens [ X ]]The number of the spirals is 0 to less than or equal to [ X ]]≤R/P，[X]Is an integer value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The grinding method of the numerical control aspheric cup grinding wheel is suitable for aspheric surface grinding, has high processing efficiency and short processing time, has shallow damage layer on the surface of the aspheric lens, saves polishing time for subsequent aspheric surface polishing, and is beneficial to control of polishing surface.
(2) The single processing time length of the grinding method for the numerical control aspheric cup grinding wheel can be reduced to 1.5h; the decentration of the lens after processing is less than 0.001mm.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the result of edge thickness deviation measurement in the step (2) of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the processing points and the processing directions of the cup-shaped grinding wheel in the step (4) of the embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the aspherical refining parameters P, V in step (4) of example 1 and example 2.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the contour detection result in step (5) of example 1.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the result of the edge thickness deviation measurement in step (2) of example 2.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the processing points and the processing directions of the cup-shaped grinding wheel in the step (4) of example 2.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the contour detection result in step (5) of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown, for the purpose of illustrating the invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments shown.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment discloses a grinding method for a numerical control aspheric cup grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an incoming material lens, wherein one surface of the incoming material spherical surface is a convex spherical surface, the other surface of the incoming material spherical surface is a concave surface, and a platform is arranged at the end part of the concave surface; the convex spherical surface is the best fit spherical surface of the target aspheric surface after fine grinding in the embodiment;
(2) Edge thickness deviation measurement: ETV measurement is carried out on the convex spherical surface of the incoming material lens on a thickness gauge, and positions of the lowest point, the highest point and 2 intermediate values are marked, wherein the positions are shown in a figure 1;
(3) Bonding and marking: spreading rosin on the plane end of a fixture chuck, placing the fixture chuck under a heating table or a heating lamp for baking until the rosin is completely melted into a liquid state, placing one surface of a material lens platform with a platform on the fixture chuck for standing for 1-3 min, and when the lens does not slide, fixing the chuck end of the fixture chuck on a numerical control machine for marking, marking the value measured in the step (2) to a corresponding position, and controlling the error to be 1-4 microns;
(4) As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the aspherical surface finish grinding process is performed by using a cup type grinding wheel, and parameters are set as follows: inputting the height of a tool chuck and the thickness of the center of an incoming material lens into a numerical control machine tool, adopting a fixed thread pitch P and a fixed cutting speed V for fine grinding, wherein the value of the thread pitch P is 0.03mm, the value of the cutting speed V is 10000mm/min, and the cup-shaped grinding wheel winds O 1 O 2 Is 6650r/min;
when the cup-shaped grinding wheel carries out aspheric surface finish grinding, the processing point of the cup-shaped grinding wheel moves from the end A of the feeding lens to the center position B of the feeding lens, and the feeding lens winds O along with the movement of the outer end of the feeding lens to the center of the feeding lens 3 O 4 The rotation speed n of the cup-shaped grinding wheel is gradually increased from 0.5r/min to 200r/min, and the rotation direction of the cup-shaped grinding wheel is opposite to that of the feeding lens;
specifically, as one of preferable embodiments of the present embodiment:
r is the maximum radius of the incoming lens (85 mm in this embodiment), n is the distance of the machining point from the center of the incoming lens +.>
At the time of the rotation speed of the incoming lens, A is the maximum rotation speed of the incoming lens (200 r/min in the embodiment) [ X ]]Indicating that the working point is located on the incoming lens [ X ]]The number of the spirals is 0 to less than or equal to [ X ]]Rounding is less than or equal to R/P.
In the feeding process of the cup-type grinding wheel, the feeding amount is controlled to be 0.03mm, and the feeding speed is controlled to be 0.5mm/min;
in the aspherical fine grinding process, when the cup-shaped grinding wheel carries out aspherical fine grinding processing, the processing point is a right knife edge, and the right knife edge moves from the right end part of the feeding lens to the middle position of the feeding lens according to the aspherical surface;
(5) Detecting the surface profile accuracy PV99 of the finished feed lens to 2.098 microns, and detecting the profile of the feed lens when the surface profile accuracy PV99 of the finished feed lens does not reach the target surface accuracy PV99 to 0.4-1.5 microns, wherein the detection result is shown in FIG. 4, and introducing profile detection data into a numerical control machine tool to carry out surface profile correction;
(6) In the embodiment, the steps (4) - (5) are repeated for 1 time, so that the target surface accuracy PV99 is 0.4-1.5 microns.
The example takes 60 minutes as recorded.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4-7, the embodiment discloses a grinding method for a numerical control aspheric cup grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an incoming material lens, wherein one surface of the incoming material spherical surface is a convex spherical surface, the other surface of the incoming material spherical surface is a concave surface, and a platform is arranged at the end part of the concave surface; the convex spherical surface is the best fitting spherical surface of the target aspheric surface in the embodiment;
(2) Edge thickness deviation measurement: ETV measurement is carried out on the convex spherical surface of the incoming material lens on a thickness gauge, and positions of the lowest point, the highest point and 2 intermediate values are marked, as shown in FIG. 5;
(3) Bonding and marking: spreading rosin on the plane end of a fixture chuck, placing the fixture chuck under a heating table or a heating lamp for baking until the rosin is completely melted into a liquid state, placing one surface of a material lens platform with a platform on the fixture chuck for standing for 1-3 min, and when the lens does not slide, fixing the chuck end of the fixture chuck on a numerical control machine for marking, marking the value measured in the step (2) to a corresponding position, and controlling the error to be 1-4 microns;
(4) As shown in fig. 6 and 3, the aspherical surface finish grinding process is performed by using a cup type grinding wheel, and parameters are set as follows: inputting the height of a tool chuck and the thickness of the center of an incoming material lens into a numerical control machine tool, adopting a fixed thread pitch P and a fixed cutting speed V for fine grinding, wherein the value of the thread pitch P is 0.1mm, the value of the cutting speed V is 10000mm/min, and the cup-shaped grinding wheel winds O 1 O 2 Is of the rotation speed of6650r/min；
When the cup-shaped grinding wheel carries out aspheric surface finish grinding, the processing point of the cup-shaped grinding wheel moves from the end part of the feed lens to the center position of the feed lens, and the feed lens winds O along with the movement of the processing point from the outer end part of the feed lens to the center of the feed lens 3 O 4 The rotation speed n of the cup-shaped grinding wheel is gradually increased from 0.5r/min to 200r/min, and the rotation direction of the cup-shaped grinding wheel is opposite to that of the feeding lens;
specifically, as one of preferable embodiments of the present embodiment:
r is the maximum radius of the incoming lens (102 mm in this embodiment), n is the distance from the machining point to the center of the incoming lens +.>
At the time of the rotation speed of the incoming lens, A is the maximum rotation speed of the incoming lens (200 r/min in the embodiment) [ X ]]Indicating that the working point is located on the incoming lens [ X ]]The number of the spirals is 0 to less than or equal to [ X ]]Rounding is less than or equal to R/P.
In the feeding process of the cup-type grinding wheel, the feeding amount is controlled to be 0.03mm, and the feeding speed is controlled to be 0.5mm/min;
in the aspherical fine grinding process, when the cup-shaped grinding wheel carries out aspherical fine grinding processing, the processing point is a right knife edge, and the right knife edge moves from the right end part of the feeding lens to the middle position of the feeding lens according to the aspherical surface;
(5) Detecting the surface profile accuracy PV99 of the fed lens after fine grinding to be 1.515 micrometers, and not reaching the target surface profile accuracy PV99 to be 0.4-1.5 micrometers, detecting the profile of the fed lens, and introducing profile detection data into a numerical control machine tool for correction, wherein the detection result is shown in FIG. 7;
(6) In the embodiment, the steps (4) - (5) are repeated for 1 time, so that the target surface accuracy PV99 is 0.4-1.5 microns.
Recorded, this example took 30min.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The grinding method for the numerical control aspheric cup type grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing an incoming material lens, wherein one surface of the incoming material lens is spherical, and the other surface of the incoming material lens is provided with a platform; the spherical surface is the best fit spherical surface of the target aspheric surface;
(2) Edge thickness deviation measurement: ETV measurement is carried out on the spherical surface of the incoming material lens on a thickness gauge, and positions of the lowest point, the highest point and at least 1 intermediate value are marked;
(3) Bonding and marking: bonding the surface of the lens with the platform on the plane end of the fixture chuck by using an adhesive, fixing the chuck end of the fixture chuck on a numerical control machine tool, performing surface marking, and marking the measured value in the step (2) to a corresponding position;
(4) Adopting a cup-shaped grinding wheel to conduct aspheric surface accurate grinding process, and setting parameters as follows: inputting the height of a tool chuck and the thickness of the center of an incoming material lens into a numerical control machine tool, and adopting a fixed thread pitch P and a fixed cutting speed V for fine grinding, wherein the value of the thread pitch P is 0.03-0.1 mm, the value of the cutting speed V is 8000-15000 mm/min, and the rotating speed of a cup-shaped grinding wheel is 5000-70000 r/min;
when the cup-shaped grinding wheel carries out aspheric surface fine grinding, the processing point of the cup-shaped grinding wheel moves from the end part of the feeding lens to the center position of the feeding lens, the rotation speed of the feeding lens is gradually increased from 0.2-0.8 r/min to 200-400 r/min along with the movement of the processing point from the outer end part of the feeding lens to the center of the feeding lens, and the rotation directions of the cup-shaped grinding wheel and the feeding lens are opposite;
(5) Detecting the surface type precision PV99 of the finished feed lens, and ending the process if the target surface type precision is reached; if the target surface type precision is not achieved, the detection result is led into a numerical control machine tool correction project to carry out surface type correction;
(6) Repeating the steps (4) - (5) until the target surface type precision is achieved.
2. The method of grinding an aspherical cup-type grinding wheel of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), positions of the lowest point, the highest point and 2 intermediate values are marked.
3. The method for precisely grinding a digitally controlled aspherical cup-type grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), an error of 1 to 4 μm is controlled during the surface grinding.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the adhesive is at least one of rosin, paraffin, asphalt, and quick-drying 502 dispensing.
5. The method for precisely grinding a digitally controlled aspherical cup grinding wheel according to claim 4, wherein the bonding is specifically: spreading an adhesive on the plane end of the fixture chuck, placing the fixture chuck under a heating table or a heating lamp, baking until the adhesive is completely melted into a liquid state, placing one surface of the lens with a platform on the fixture chuck, and standing for 1-3 min until the lens does not slide.
6. The method for precisely grinding the cup-shaped grinding wheel with the numerical control aspherical surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the cup-shaped grinding wheel starts to feed from the outer end part of the incoming material lens, and the feeding speed is 0.5-1 mm/min by controlling the feeding amount to be 0.005-0.05 mm in the feeding process.
7. The method for precisely grinding the grinding wheel in the cup-shaped grinding wheel with the numerical control aspherical surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), in the precisely grinding process of the aspherical surface, when the cup-shaped grinding wheel is processed with the aspherical surface, the processing points are a left knife edge and a right knife edge, and when the left knife edge is processed, the left end part of the feeding lens moves to the middle position of the feeding lens according to the aspherical surface; the right edge of the cutter moves from the right end part of the incoming material lens to the middle position of the incoming material lens according to the aspheric surface.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (5), the target surface accuracy PV99 is 0.4 to 1.5 μm.
9. The method of grinding an aspherical cup-type grinding wheel in a digital control system according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) further comprises, if the target surface accuracy is not achieved, performing contour detection of the incoming lens, and introducing the contour detection data into a digital control machine for correction.
10. The method for precisely grinding a grinding wheel in a cup-shaped numerically controlled aspherical surface according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein n is set to be a distance from a machining point to a center of a lens for the incoming material
When in place, the rotation speed of the incoming material lens is +.>
R is the maximum radius of the incoming material lens, A is the maximum rotating speed of the incoming material lens, [ X ]]Indicating that the working point is located on the incoming lens [ X ]]The number of the spirals is 0 to less than or equal to [ X ]]≤R/P，[X]Is an integer value. />
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| CN202310170066.4A CN115990813A (en) | 2023-02-27 | 2023-02-27 | Accurate grinding method for numerical control aspheric cup type grinding wheel |
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| CN202310170066.4A CN115990813A (en) | 2023-02-27 | 2023-02-27 | Accurate grinding method for numerical control aspheric cup type grinding wheel |
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