CN115988686A - Maintenance-free mesh electric heater - Google Patents
Maintenance-free mesh electric heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN115988686A CN115988686A CN202211497747.3A CN202211497747A CN115988686A CN 115988686 A CN115988686 A CN 115988686A CN 202211497747 A CN202211497747 A CN 202211497747A CN 115988686 A CN115988686 A CN 115988686A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a maintenance-free mesh electric heater. The electric heating elements of the high-temperature hot air electric heater are mutually connected by gravity like Raschig rings, ceramic balls and honeycomb bodies in heat accumulating type combustion, the inlet and outlet wires are positioned at the low-temperature end, and when the Raschig ring electric heating elements are broken, sintered and damaged individually, the Raschig ring electric heating elements on the upper part automatically supplement vacant positions, so that the electric heater can still normally work unless the electric heating elements are damaged in large quantity, and the aim of maintenance-free is fulfilled. The electric heating element of the invention has the characteristic of large specific surface area as the heat accumulator in the heat accumulating type combustion, and can heat the fluid to 1800 ℃ under the condition of small volume. Deducing from the heat accumulating type high-temperature hot air net-shaped electric heater, the net-shaped circuit can overcome the defect that the conventional electric heater is easy to damage, and the reliability is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a maintenance-free mesh electric heater, in particular to a high-temperature hot air mesh electric heater.
Background
The resistance heating is simple, reliable and cheap, and is widely applied to civil or industrial heating, but because the metal resistance wire is easy to break and frequently damaged and maintained in use, the metal electric heating wire is rarely used at the temperature of over 600 ℃, and high-frequency induction heating or non-metal silicon carbon rods and silicon molybdenum rods are used for heating, and the semiconductor resistance heating is easy to crack and damage due to oxidation, thermal expansion and cold contraction. In recent years, silicon nitride heating rods have appeared, the linear expansion coefficient of silicon nitride is small, so that the silicon nitride heating rods are improved well, but the use temperature is limited to be within 1100 ℃, the heating specific surface area is small, a large heat exchange area is needed for heating gas to a high temperature, and the service life of 8000 hours at 1000 ℃ given by manufacturers is not guaranteed in writing. The number of electric heating rods with the resistance films printed on the ceramic is more and more, the service life of the electric heating rods is longer than that of electric heating wires, and the electric heating rods still need to be repaired and replaced when damaged. The electromagnetic heating hot blast stove also has the advantages that the strength of the outer wall of the pipeline is reduced after the outer wall of the pipeline is heated, the heat exchange area is limited, if some flammable and toxic gases with pressure need to be heated, the leakage risk is very large, the existing metal material handbook only provides allowable stress of materials at 850 ℃, and the high temperature of the outer wall is obviously undesirable. In addition, a hot blast stove heated by dielectric or microwave is arranged, for example, CN200610136774 can theoretically reach 2000 ℃, but the temperature of the filler for absorbing microwave is uneven, the filler is melted and sintered at the position where a hot spot exists in the heating cavity, while the temperature at other positions is still very low, if the temperature is uniform, the filler can be rotated like a microwave oven, and a lot of difficulties are brought at high temperature.
In 2019, we receive the entrustment of a certain domestic semiconductor material production enterprise to design and produce a heater for heating highly toxic gas raw materials, wherein the heating temperature is 900 ℃, and the pressure is 100KPa. The top hot blast stove and electric heater manufacturers in China are consulted, and continuous production and maintenance can not be guaranteed within 1 year. If the heat exchanger is produced according to the conventional combustion flue gas heat exchanger, reliable metal materials with strength are not available for the heat exchanger heating surface tube after the temperature of the metal wall of the heat exchanger exceeds 900 ℃, and even if the metal materials exist, the problem that the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall is too large, so that great thermal stress is not solved. If the resistance electric heater is produced according to the existing resistance electric heater, resistance electric heater manufacturers cannot guarantee that the resistance wire or the resistance belt is not broken and maintained within 1 year. If the electromagnetic heating hot blast stove is used for production, the strength of the electromagnetic heating pipeline wall is reduced at high temperature, and leakage cannot be guaranteed. If the heating is carried out according to the heat accumulation type combustion, the gas purity cannot be guaranteed. Finally, the production process established by a design institute dares not to be put into formal production after spending nearly 1 million yuan, let alone to enlarge scale production, because test equipment cannot guarantee long-term safe operation.
At present, the zero-carbon electric heat storage is also widely researched and developed and tried, but the electric heating during the high-temperature electric heat storage also faces the problem that the resistance heater is easy to damage and maintain when the resistance heater runs for a long period, most manufacturers are difficult to store for only 100 times without maintenance, and how to achieve the whole life cycle of 20 years without maintenance. The regenerative chamber of the regenerative combustion can obtain very high temperature within a short distance, the heat exchange specific surface area can usually reach 500 to 1000 square meters per cubic meter, and the temperature of the obtained fluid is only about 50 ℃ lower than that of the honeycomb ceramic with the highest temperature of the uppermost layer, so the regenerative chamber is called as limit heat recovery and is widely used at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a simple and reliable mesh-shaped electric heater structure, in particular to a maintenance-free high-temperature hot air mesh-shaped electric heater.
The technical scheme is as follows: a plurality of electric heating elements form a plane net or space net complex series-parallel circuit. The heat storage chamber adopted by the maintenance-free high-temperature hot air net-shaped electric heater is characterized in that a cold fluid ascends from the bottom, penetrates through gaps in metal grating plates, enters a porous heat storage body electric heating element for heat exchange, then is changed into a hot fluid and ascends to an outlet, the metal grating plates are divided into a left metal grating plate, a right metal grating plate, an inner metal grating plate and an outer metal grating plate, an insulator is arranged in the middle of the metal grating plates, a conductor or a semiconductor resistance electric heating element is arranged on the metal grating plates, the left metal grating plate and the right metal grating plates are respectively connected with an incoming and outgoing wire to be connected with a circuit, current passes through the metal grating plates and the resistance electric heating element, heat generated by the resistance electric heating element is taken away by the fluid, the resistance electric heating element is generally made into a porous heat storage body shape which is easy to penetrate by the fluid, if an individual resistance electric heating element is damaged and is similar to the condition that the heat storage body which is burnt is damaged individually, the upper part automatically falls down by gravity to supplement vacant positions, and the purpose of long-term maintenance-free is achieved.
Furthermore, the shape of the resistance electric heating element is spherical, hollow spherical, reticular spherical, cylindrical, hollow cylindrical, spiral spring, metal wire tennis, silk screen, mesh belt, honeycomb body, intalox ring, fiber blanket and other common heat storage shapes. In order to store heat or increase weight, an insulated heat storage body can be arranged inside the hollow resistance electric heating element.
Furthermore, the resistance electric heating element is made of common resistance heating materials such as iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, nickel-iron alloy, recrystallized silicon carbide, silicon-molybdenum alloy, zirconia and the like.
For simplicity, the grid plates are divided into left and right or inner and outer 2 blocks, the middle is divided by an insulator, and single-phase alternating current is connected, furthermore, the number of the grid plates and the middle insulator can be 3 or more, 3-phase alternating current is connected, and normal 3-phase alternating current can be connected into star, triangle or other connection methods.
Furthermore, the bottom of the electric heating element on the grid plate is provided with a metal electric heating element, recrystallized silicon carbide and silicon molybdenum electric heating elements which can conduct electricity and generate heat at low temperature, the upper part of the electric heating element is provided with zirconia and the like which conduct electricity at high temperature and are insulated at low temperature, the zirconia does not conduct electricity when the electrifying temperature is low, the zirconia gradually conducts electricity and generates heat when the temperature is up, and the zirconia can be heated to 1800 ℃.
Furthermore, the high-temperature hot blast stove consisting of the grid plates and the electric heating elements can be connected in series to form 2 sections or 3 sections of low-temperature sections and high-temperature sections, and the power and the heating temperature can be adjusted through external wiring.
Furthermore, the hot blast stove is vertically erected, and a non-heating porous heat storage material is added on the electric heating element.
From the above, it can be seen that the electric heater can still work normally even if the damaged individual electric heating elements are not supplemented and the above elements are not dropped or horizontally arranged. Then we combing the idea that 2 eyes have the probability of accidental blinding during the growing process, and assuming that 1 person has one thousandth of accidental blinding probability of one eye, the probability of 2 eyes being accidentally blinded is one millionth. If the electric heating elements are replaced with the net-shaped series-parallel circuit consisting of 100 multiplied by 100 electric heating elements, the probability of damaging a single node is still one in a thousand, and the probability of damaging 10 nodes is ten times in a thousand, which is the proportion of losing heating power. The overall loss of 10% of heating power will become a very small probability event, let alone the probability of an overall failure being extremely marginal. The essence of the invention is that the electric heating elements are combined into a plurality of electric heating elements by a mathematical probability method to form a complex network-shaped series-parallel circuit, so that the damage becomes a tiny probability event.
Further, the insulator is a net-shaped insulator woven by flexible insulating materials such as ceramic fiber paper, ceramic fiber blanket and the like. The electric heating elements are mesh electric heating elements such as metal meshes, metal wire meshes, carbon fiber meshes, graphite meshes, graphene meshes, zirconia ceramic fiber blankets and the like. The mesh-shaped electric heating element and the mesh-shaped insulator are arranged at intervals, so that the resistance is increased, the power of the single heating group is reduced, and the damage of individual wires in the mesh-shaped electric heating element does not affect the whole service life. No matter the net is a space three-dimensional net or a plane net, once the heating elements form net-shaped complex circuits which are connected in series and in parallel, the damage of an individual cannot influence the normal work of the whole body. Therefore, the invention provides a mesh-shaped heating belt, which is a three-dimensional mesh and a planar mesh in space.
Furthermore, the insulator is heat storage medium such as common soil, refractory bricks and the like. The electric heating element is a mesh electric heating element. The net-shaped electric heating elements and the heat storage medium are arranged in a layered mode, pipelines are laid in the heat storage medium and used for transmitting heat out, hot air, hot water, steam and heat conduction oil are output through heat energy storage, and the damage of individual wires in the net-shaped electric heating elements does not affect the service life of the whole body.
More step more, the muffle furnace is filled with a conventional mesh electric heating element which can conduct electricity when the low temperature is low inside and outside, the zirconia ceramic fiber is filled in the high temperature position inside, the zirconia ceramic fiber is radiated by the natural heat in the muffle furnace, the conventional electric heating element is not easy to damage due to the low temperature outside, the zirconia filled in the high temperature position inside starts to heat after being heated by the conventional electric heating element outside, the low temperature and the high temperature position formed spontaneously are respectively heated by the conventional electric heating element and the zirconia electric heating element due to the natural heat radiation, the temperature of the center of the muffle furnace is high, and the low temperature and the high temperature position formed spontaneously are respectively heated by the conventional electric heating element and the zirconia electric heating element. No matter the heating elements of the conventional material are damaged individually or the zirconia fibers are damaged individually, the damage of the individual elements on the mesh points does not influence the normal operation of the whole body because the mesh electric heating elements form a complex series-parallel circuit. Furthermore, the zirconia and the conventional electric heating element are separated by an insulating material, and the conventional heating circuit and the zirconia heating circuit are separated to form a passage, so that 2 heating circuits can be conveniently selected.
A netted electric heater for pipeline is composed of a metallic pipeline, an insulating layer on said metallic pipeline, an electric heating element made of metallic wire net by spiral winding, and a heat insulating layer outside said electric heating element. Whether the wire mesh heating element is a straight cylinder mesh sleeved on the insulating material or is spirally wound is one of the invention, and the spiral winding is a preferable mode.
A netted electrothermal rod is composed of insulating rod, electrothermal element made of metal wire net and coiled by spiral winding, insulating layer coated outside the electrothermal element, and metallic tube for enclosing said electrothermal element. Whether the wire mesh is a straight cylinder of mesh on an insulating material or is spirally wound is one aspect of the present invention, with spiral winding being the preferred mode.
Has the advantages that: 1. the 1800 ℃ maintenance-free high-temperature mesh electric heater has the advantages that as a plurality of electric heating elements form a mesh complex circuit, the whole resistance circuit can normally work without being influenced after the individual electric heating elements are broken and damaged, and the maintenance-free high-temperature mesh electric heater can be used for a long time without maintenance. And because the electric heating element is not worried about to break, the common electric heating wire is easy to damage at 1100 ℃, and the temperature can reach 1200 ℃ generally and is not easy to damage when the electric heating wire is used. 2. The muffle furnace manufactured by the invention is internally filled with the high-temperature electric heating element, and the exterior is filled with the conventional electric heating element, so that the muffle furnace can reach the service temperature of 1800 ℃ and is not easy to damage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a heat accumulating type high temperature hot wind net electric heater.
Fig. 2 is a heat accumulating type low temperature hot wind net electric heater.
Fig. 3 is a regenerative high temperature mesh electric muffle furnace.
Fig. 4 is a piping network electric heater.
Fig. 5 is a mesh-shaped electric tracing band.
Fig. 6 is a net-shaped electric heating rod.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples in the drawings to which:
example 1: fig. 1 is a maintenance-free heat accumulating type high-temperature hot air net-shaped electric heater of the invention, wherein: 1. the furnace comprises a furnace wall 2, an inner heat preservation 3, a grid plate 4, an insulator 5 and an electric heating element. An insulated inner heat preservation plate (2) is arranged in the metal furnace wall (1), 2 conductive metal grating plates (3) are connected to the inner heat preservation plate (2), an insulator (4) is connected between the two metal grating plates, and a plurality of porous electric heating elements (5) are laid on the grating plates (3) and the insulator (4). The heated fluid enters from the lower part and passes through the gap between the porous grid plate (3) and the electric heating element (5) and flows out from the upper part. The two metal grid plates (3) are connected with inlet and outlet wires, current flows through the two metal grid plates (3) and the electric heating element (5), and the heat generated by the electric heating element (5) is absorbed by fluid and flows out from the upper part. The electric heating elements (5) are contacted with each other by gravity for electrification, if the individual electric heating elements (5) are broken and burnt, the electric heating elements (5) on the upper part fall off for supplement, and the hot blast stove can continuously work for a long time and cannot work due to the damage of the individual electric heating elements.
Example 2: fig. 2 is a heat accumulating type low-temperature hot air net-shaped electric heater, wherein: 1. the furnace comprises a furnace wall, 2, an inner heat preservation part, 3, a grid plate, 4, an insulator, 5, an electric heating element, 51, an incoming wire, 52 and an outgoing wire. The inner side of the furnace wall (1) is provided with an inner heat preservation layer (2), the inner heat preservation layer (2) is connected with a grid plate (3), the grid plate (3) is connected with an insulator (4) and an electric heating element (5) in a layered mode, the insulator (4) and the electric heating element (5) are both net-shaped, felt-shaped or honeycomb-shaped, for example, the insulator (4) is a non-conductive ceramic fiber blanket, the electric heating element (5) is a net-shaped or fiber blanket, air can pass through a gap in the middle, heated air can flow from bottom to top or from top to bottom, if the heated air flows from bottom to top, the insulator (4) on the uppermost layer is made of porous material with larger specific gravity; electricity flows through the inlet wire (51), the electric heating elements (5) and the outlet wire (52) in sequence, and heat generated by the electric heating elements (5) is carried away by gas flowing through the middles of the grid plates (3), the reticular electric heating elements (5) and the reticular insulators (4). As the electric heating element (5) is of a net structure, the damage of a single electric heating element (5) or an electric heating wire at a certain section does not affect the integral use, and the electric heating wire has long service life or high reliability.
Example 3: fig. 3 shows a heat accumulating type high temperature net electric muffle furnace. In the figure: comprises a furnace wall (1), an internal heat preservation (2), a wiring board (301), an insulator (4), a metal mesh electric heating element (501), a zirconia ceramic fiber blanket (502) and a heat-resistant hearth (6); interior heat preservation (2) are installed to oven (1) inboard, and the netted electric heating element of metal (501) is connected to the inboard of interior heat preservation (2), and zirconia ceramic fiber blanket (502) are connected to the inboard of the netted electric heating element of metal (501), and heat-resisting furnace (6) are installed to zirconia ceramic fiber blanket inboard, and the outside of 2 blocks of wiring boards (301) is connect live wire and zero line respectively, and inside connection metal netted electric heating element (501) and zirconia ceramic fiber blanket (502) form the return circuit. When the temperature is lower than 1000 ℃, the zirconia is not conductive, the metal mesh electric heating element (501) is used for heating, when the temperature is higher than 1000 ℃, the zirconia starts to be conductive, the zirconia and the metal electric heating element can work simultaneously or independently, a layer of insulating ceramic fiber can be arranged between the zirconia and the metal electric heating element, so that 2 can work independently, the temperature difference between 2 can be increased, the metal electric heating element works at low temperature, and the zirconia works at high temperature.
Example 4: fig. 4, a pipe network electric heater, wherein: the pipeline comprises a pipeline (31), insulating cloth (32), a net-shaped electric heating element (33), a heat preservation layer (34) and an iron sheet (35) from inside to outside, wherein the insulating cloth (32) is spirally wound on the outer part of the metal pipeline (31), the net-shaped electric heating element (33) is spirally wound on the insulating cloth (32), a gap is reserved in the middle of spiral winding, short circuit between smashing is avoided, the heat preservation layer (34) is arranged outside the net-shaped electric heating element (33), the heat preservation layer (34) also plays an insulating role, and the iron sheet (35) made of metal sheets is packaged outside the heat preservation layer (34) to serve as a sheath and beautify. The pipeline of the invention is generally made of metal, and if the pipeline is made of nonmetal, the insulating cloth (32) outside the pipeline can be omitted. When fluid such as water, steam, heated gas, heat transfer oil and the like is passed through the pipeline (31), the electric heater can be used as an electric heater for the pipeline.
Example 5: FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a mesh electric tracing band, in which: 101. a wire connection nose 102, a net-shaped electric heating element 103 and an insulating skin. Two ends of the reticular electric heating element (102) are connected with the wiring lug (101), and the periphery of the surface of the reticular electric heating element (102) is coated with the insulating skin (103). The mesh-shaped electric heating element (102) and the insulating sheath are made of flexible materials, and the mesh-shaped electric tracing band is usually spirally wound outside the pipeline for heating.
Example 6: fig. 6 is a net-shaped electric heating rod, wherein: 201. insulating core 202, netted electric heating element 203, insulating skin 204, metal casing. The mesh-shaped electric heating elements (202) are spirally wound outside the insulating core (201), a seam is reserved during spiral winding, the mesh-shaped electric heating elements are not mutually overlapped and connected, the insulating sheath (203) is coated outside the mesh-shaped electric heating elements (202), and the metal shell (204) is coated outside the insulating sheath (203). The material of the insulating core (201) and the insulating sheath (203) is usually magnesium oxide, ceramic fiber. The metal shell is usually an aluminum tube, a stainless steel tube or a copper tube.
Claims (7)
1. A reticulated electric heater comprising: a plurality of electric heating elements form a plane net or space net complex series-parallel circuit; the specific types are as follows:
a maintenance-free high-temperature hot air net-shaped electric heater is characterized in that: the furnace comprises a furnace wall (1), an inner heat preservation layer (2), grid plates (3), insulators (4) and electric heating elements (5), wherein the insulated inner heat preservation layer (2) is arranged inside the metal furnace wall (1), the inner heat preservation layer (2) is connected with conductive metal grid plates (3), the insulators (4) are connected between the metal grid plates, and a plurality of porous electric heating elements (5) are laid on the grid plates (3) and the insulators (4); the grating plate (4) and the electric heating element (5) are communicated to form a heating circuit;
a heat accumulating type low-temperature hot air net-shaped electric heater is characterized in that: comprises a furnace wall (1), an inner heat preservation (2), a grid plate (3), an insulator (4), an electric heating element (5), an inlet wire (51) and an outlet wire (52); an inner heat preservation plate (2) is arranged on the inner side of the furnace wall (1), a grating plate (3) is connected to the inner heat preservation plate (2), and an insulator (4) and an electric heating element (5) are connected to the grating plate (3) in a layered manner; the inlet wire (51) and the outlet wire (52) of the electric heating element (5) are communicated to form a heating circuit;
a heat accumulating type high-temperature mesh electric muffle furnace is characterized in that: comprises a furnace wall (1), an internal heat preservation (2), a wiring board (301), an insulator (4), a metal mesh electric heating element (501), a zirconia ceramic fiber blanket (502) and a heat-resistant hearth (6); an inner heat preservation chamber (2) is arranged on the inner side of the furnace wall (1), the inner side of the inner heat preservation chamber (2) is connected with a metal mesh-shaped electric heating element (501), the inner side of the metal mesh-shaped electric heating element (501) is connected with a zirconia ceramic fiber blanket (502), and the inner side of the zirconia ceramic fiber blanket is provided with a heat-resistant hearth chamber (6); the outer parts of the 2 wiring boards (301) are respectively connected with a live wire and a zero wire, and the inner parts of the 2 wiring boards are connected with a metal mesh electric heating element (501) and a zirconia ceramic fiber blanket (502) to form a loop;
a tubular reticulated electric heater form, characterized by: the metal pipeline heat insulation device comprises a pipeline (31), insulating cloth (32), a net-shaped electric heating element (33), a heat insulation (34) and an iron sheet (35) from inside to outside, wherein a layer of insulating cloth (32) is spirally wound on the outer part of the metal pipeline (31), a layer of net-shaped electric heating element (33) is spirally wound on the insulating cloth (32), a gap is reserved in the middle of spiral winding, short circuit between smashes is avoided, the heat insulation (34) is arranged outside the net-shaped electric heating element (33), the heat insulation (34) also plays an insulation role, and the iron sheet (35) made of metal sheets is packaged outside the heat insulation (34) to be used as a sheath;
a reticulated electric tracing ribbon form, characterized by: comprises a wiring nose (101), a reticular electric heating element (102) and an insulating skin (103); two ends of the mesh-shaped electric heating element (102) are connected with the wiring lug (101), the periphery of the surface of the mesh-shaped electric heating element (102) is coated with an insulating skin (103), and the mesh-shaped electric heating element (102) and the insulating skin (103) are made of flexible materials;
a mesh electric heating rod form, characterized in that: comprises an insulating core (201), a reticular electric heating element (202), an insulating sheath (203) and a metal shell (204); the mesh-shaped electric heating element (202) is spirally wound outside the insulating core (201), a seam is reserved during spiral winding, meshes are not mutually overlapped and connected, the insulating skin (203) is coated outside the mesh-shaped electric heating element (202), and the metal shell (204) is coated outside the insulating skin (203).
2. The electric heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shape of the electric heating element is spherical, hollow spherical, reticular spherical, cylindrical, hollow cylindrical, spiral spring, metal wire tennis, net belt, honeycomb body, rectangular saddle ring, fiber blanket and other common heat storage shapes.
3. The electric heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an insulated heat accumulator is arranged in the hollow electric heating element or between two layers of electric heating elements.
4. The electric heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the electric heating element on the grid plate is provided with a metal electric heating element, recrystallized silicon carbide and silicon-molybdenum electric heating element, and the upper part is provided with zirconia.
5. The electric heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the insulator is a net-shaped insulator woven by flexible insulating materials such as ceramic fiber paper, ceramic fiber blankets and the like, and the electric heating element is a net-shaped electric heating element such as a metal net, a metal wire net, a carbon fiber net, a graphite net, a graphene net, a zirconia ceramic fiber blanket and the like.
6. The electric heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the net-shaped electric heating elements and the heat storage medium are arranged in a layered mode, and pipelines are laid in the heat storage medium and used for transmitting heat out and outputting hot air, hot water, steam and heat conduction oil through heat energy storage.
7. The electric heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the invention relates to an electric heater in the form of a maintenance-free high-temperature hot air mesh electric heater and a heat-accumulating type low-temperature hot air mesh electric heater, which are vertically erected, and porous heat-accumulating materials which do not generate heat are added on an electric heating element.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211497747.3A CN115988686A (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Maintenance-free mesh electric heater |
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| CN202211497747.3A CN115988686A (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Maintenance-free mesh electric heater |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116963326A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-10-27 | 南通通杰照明有限公司 | Ceramic heater and glow plug |
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2022
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116963326A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-10-27 | 南通通杰照明有限公司 | Ceramic heater and glow plug |
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