CN115986403A - Low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna and wireless communication equipment - Google Patents
Low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna and wireless communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna and wireless communication equipment, wherein the antenna comprises a first layer, a second layer and two coaxial cable ports; the first layer comprises a first dielectric plate, a radiation patch and a hook-shaped microstrip balun, the hook-shaped microstrip balun is arranged at the top of the first dielectric plate, and the radiation patch is arranged at the bottom of the first dielectric plate; the second layer comprises a second dielectric plate, a metal reflecting plate and a microstrip line, the metal reflecting plate is arranged at the top of the second dielectric plate, and the microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the second dielectric plate; the two coaxial cable ports are respectively a first coaxial cable port and a second coaxial cable port, the first coaxial cable port feeds power through the hook-shaped microstrip balun, and the second coaxial cable port feeds power through microstrip line coupling. The invention has the advantages of low processing cost, simple feed mode, low profile height and high isolation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a patch antenna, in particular to a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna and wireless communication equipment, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication.
Background
In recent years, dual polarized antennas have found widespread use in wireless communication systems because dual polarized antennas can reuse frequency bands and provide polarization diversity schemes, doubling channel capacity and reducing the negative effects of multipath fading. Over the last years, various types of dual polarized patch antennas have been reported. These antennas can be classified into different types according to the principle of a feed structure. The first type is probe direct or coupled feed, most antennas are excited with a differential feed to achieve high isolation and low cross-polarization levels. The second is aperture coupled feeding. This type of antenna is usually slotted on a metal ground, with energy coupled from the slot to the radiating patch. The last is a hybrid aperture coupled feed in conjunction with a probe feed. In this type, dual polarized patch antennas can generally achieve higher port isolation due to the difference in feed structures and orthogonality of radiation patterns. However, in products with high performance requirements and limited space, size, weight, cost, performance and ease of installation are limited, and thus a low-profile, high-isolation dual-polarized patch antenna is required.
Chinese patent document CN201410681603.2 proposes a metal back cavity dual-polarized broadband radiation unit, the feed structure of the present invention avoids single-line feed, adopts eccentric double-line feed, improves dual-polarized isolation, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna covers the X-band, the relative bandwidth reaches 40%, and the dual-port polarization isolation is greater than 26 dB.
Chinese patent document CN202210890135.4 proposes a high-isolation dual-polarized antenna, which adopts an upper layer antenna and a lower layer antenna, wherein the lower layer antenna includes a lower layer PCB and a main radiating surface, the upper layer antenna includes an upper layer PCB and a secondary radiating guide sheet, and the isolation of the antenna is greater than 35 dB within a working frequency band of 5.5-5.8 GHz.
At present, the section height of the antenna is too high in most of the fields, and a complex feed network is adopted to improve the isolation, so that the defects of high section and low isolation are overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna which has the advantages of low processing cost, simple feed mode, low profile height and high isolation.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a wireless communication device comprising the above-described low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna comprises a first layer, a second layer and two coaxial cable ports;
the first layer comprises a first dielectric plate, a radiation patch and a hook-shaped microstrip balun, the hook-shaped microstrip balun is arranged at the top of the first dielectric plate, and the radiation patch is arranged at the bottom of the first dielectric plate;
the second layer comprises a second dielectric plate, a metal reflecting plate and a microstrip line, the metal reflecting plate is arranged at the top of the second dielectric plate, and the microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the second dielectric plate;
the two coaxial cable ports are respectively a first coaxial cable port and a second coaxial cable port, the first coaxial cable port is fed by microstrip line coupling, and the second coaxial cable port is fed by hook-shaped microstrip balun.
The second layer further comprises two annular bonding pads and two rectangular bonding pads, wherein the annular bonding pads are arranged at the center of the bottom of the second dielectric plate and connected with the metal reflecting plate, and the two rectangular bonding pads are symmetrically arranged at the same edge of the bottom of the second dielectric plate and connected with the metal reflecting plate;
the outer conductor of the first coaxial cable port is connected with the two rectangular welding discs, and the inner conductor of the first coaxial cable port is connected with the microstrip line;
and after the second coaxial cable port sequentially passes through the second dielectric plate, the metal reflecting plate, the radiation patch and the first dielectric plate, an outer conductor of the second coaxial cable port is connected with the annular bonding pad and the radiation patch, and an inner conductor of the second coaxial cable port is connected with the hook-shaped microstrip balun.
Furthermore, the annular bonding pad is connected with the metal reflecting plate through a first metalized through hole, and the rectangular bonding pad is connected with the metal reflecting plate through a second metalized through hole.
Further, the first and second metalized vias have different diameters.
Furthermore, two first slots are etched on the radiation patch, the two first slots are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the center of the radiation patch, the tail ends of the two first slots penetrate through the edge of the radiation patch, and the hook-shaped microstrip balun is located right above the first slots.
Furthermore, a second slot is etched on the metal reflecting plate, and the microstrip line is located right below the second slot.
Furthermore, the microstrip line includes a first branch and a second branch, the size of the first branch is larger than that of the second branch, one end of the first branch is connected with one end of the second branch, and the other end of the second branch is connected with the inner conductor of the first coaxial cable port.
Furthermore, the hook-shaped microstrip balun comprises a welding part, a third branch and four branches, wherein the welding part is located in the middle of the third branch, the welding part is connected with an inner conductor of a second coaxial cable port, the third branch is a rectangular branch, the number of the four branches is two, the two fourth branches are bent branches, the two fourth branches are symmetrically arranged, and the two fourth branches are respectively connected with two ends of the third branch.
Furthermore, the fixing device also comprises a fixing bolt, an air gap is formed between the first layer and the second layer, and the first layer and the second layer are fixed through the fixing bolt.
The other purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a wireless communication device comprises the low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the first coaxial cable port of the antenna is coupled and fed through a microstrip line, and the second coaxial cable port is directly fed through a hook-shaped microstrip balun; when the first coaxial cable port is excited, the current is mainly concentrated in the-X direction at the two edges and the center of the radiation patch, so that-X direction radiation is generated; when only the second coaxial cable port is excited, the current is mainly concentrated on two symmetrical small rectangular grooves and edges in the-Y direction of the radiation patch to generate radiation in the-Y direction; in addition, due to the difference of feed structures, the first coaxial cable port is excited by a slot coupled with a microstrip feed line to generate a traditional patch radiation mode, and the second coaxial cable port is excited by a microstrip balun to generate a dipole radiation mode, so that most of current radiation vectors are distributed at different positions on the radiation patch; meanwhile, the directions of the excitation current vectors of the two coaxial cable ports are orthogonal; thus, when one coaxial cable port is energized, very high isolation occurs between the two coaxial cable ports.
2. The antenna also adopts the shunt effect of the short-circuit pin, the outer conductor of the second coaxial cable port is in short circuit with the metal reflecting plate, and when the first coaxial cable port is excited, the radiation current flowing to the second coaxial cable port is greatly weakened; the working frequency band of the antenna is 3.3 GHz-3.8 GHz, and the working frequency band covers the N78 frequency band, | S 11 |、|S 22 |<10dB, a relative impedance bandwidth of 14.1%, a low profile height, excellent isolation and good gain characteristics, with an overall dimension of 0.39 lambda 0 ×0.39λ 0 ×0.08λ 0 （λ 0 Is the wavelength of the center frequency), the dual polarization gain in the working frequency band is higher than 8.61 dBi and 7.90 dBi. Under the condition of not using a complex feed network, different simple feed modes and the shunt effect of the short-circuit pin are adopted, the current coupling between the two coaxial cable ports is extremely small, and the isolation | S 21 I is greater than 52 dB.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top structure of a first layer of a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first layer bottom structure of a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a top structure of a second layer of a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bottom structure of a second layer of a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic side view of a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a reflection coefficient graph of the low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna of the present embodiment.
Fig. 9 is an isolation curve diagram of the low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna of the present embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a gain curve diagram of the low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna of the present embodiment.
Fig. 11 is a radiation pattern of the first coaxial cable port connecting microstrip line of the low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna of this embodiment at a center frequency of 3.55 GHz.
Fig. 12 is a radiation pattern of the second coaxial cable port connection hook microstrip balun at the center frequency of 3.55 GHz for the low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna of this embodiment.
The antenna comprises a first coaxial cable port 1, a second coaxial cable port 2, a fixing bolt 3, a first dielectric plate 101, a welding part 102, a third branch node 103, a fourth branch node 104, a radiation patch 105, a first slot 106, a second dielectric plate 201, a metal reflection plate 202, a second slot 203, a first metalized through hole 204, a second metalized through hole 205, an annular pad 206, a first branch node 207, a second branch node 208, a rectangular pad 209 and a through hole groove 301.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more complete, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment provides a low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna, which can be applied to various wireless communication devices, and includes a first layer, a second layer, and two coaxial cable ports, where the two coaxial cable ports are a first coaxial cable port (excitation port 1) 1 and a second coaxial cable port (excitation port 2) 2, respectively.
Further, there is an air gap between the first layer and the second layer, the distance H is 5mm, and the first layer is fixed by fixing bolt 3, the material used for the first layer is Arlon AD260A (tm), the thickness is 0.762mm, the dielectric constant ∈ r =2.6, tan δ = 0.0017, the material used for the second layer is FR4, the thickness is 1mm, the dielectric constant ∈ r = 4.4, tan δ = 0.02, and the material used for fixing bolt 3 is nylon.
In this embodiment, the first layer includes a first dielectric plate 101, a radiation patch 105, and a hook-shaped microstrip balun, the hook-shaped microstrip balun is disposed on the top of the first dielectric plate 101, the radiation patch 105 is disposed at the bottom of the first dielectric plate 101, and the second coaxial cable port 2 is directly fed through the hook-shaped microstrip balun; the second layer includes a second dielectric plate 201, a metal reflection plate 202 and a microstrip line, the metal reflection plate 202 is disposed on the top of the second dielectric plate 201, the microstrip line is disposed on the bottom of the second dielectric plate 201, and the first coaxial cable port 1 is coupled to feed through the microstrip line.
Further, the microstrip line includes a first branch 207 and a second branch 208, the size of the first branch 207 is larger than that of the second branch 208, one end of the first branch 207 is connected with one end of the second branch 208, and the other end of the second branch 208 is connected with the inner conductor of the first coaxial cable port 1.
Further, the hook-shaped microstrip balun includes a welding part 102, a third branch 103 and four branches 104, the welding part 102 is located in the middle of the third branch 103, the welding part 102 is connected with the inner conductor of the second coaxial cable port 2, the third branch 103 is a rectangular branch, the number of the four branches 104 is two, the two fourth branches 104 are both bent branches, the two fourth branches 104 are symmetrically arranged, and the two fourth branches 104 are respectively connected with two ends of the third branch 103.
Further, two first slots 106 are etched on the radiation patch 105, the two first slots 106 are both rectangular open-circuit slots, the two first slots 106 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center of the radiation patch 105, the tail ends of the two first slots 106 penetrate through the edge of the radiation patch 105, the hook-shaped microstrip balun is located right above the first slots 106, specifically, one fourth branch 104 is located right above one first slot 106, and the other fourth branch 104 is located right above the other first slot 106; when the second coaxial cable port 2 is excited, energy is coupled to the radiating patch 105 through the first slot 106.
Furthermore, a second open slot 203 is etched on the metal reflecting plate 202, the second open slot 203 is a long rectangular slot, and the second open slot 203 is arranged at the center and is far away from the boundary L of the second dielectric plate 201 8 Here, the microstrip line is located right below the second slot 203, specifically, the first stub 207 of the microstrip line is located right below the second slot 203(ii) a When the first coaxial cable port 1 is excited, energy is coupled to the radiating patch 105 through the second slot 203.
Further, for access ports and convenience of welding and assembly, the second layer further comprises an annular pad 206 and two rectangular pads 209, the annular pad 206 is arranged at the central position of the bottom of the second dielectric board 201 and connected with the metal reflection board 202, and the two rectangular pads 209 are symmetrically arranged at the same edge position of the bottom of the second dielectric board 201 and connected with the metal reflection board 202.
The outer conductor of the first coaxial cable port 1 is connected with the two rectangular pads 209, and the inner conductor of the first coaxial cable port 1 is connected with the microstrip line, specifically, directly connected with the second branch 208 of the microstrip line.
After the second coaxial cable port 2 sequentially passes through the second dielectric plate 201, the metal reflector plate 202, the radiation patch 105 and the first dielectric plate 101, the outer conductor of the second coaxial cable port 2 is connected with the annular pad 206 and the radiation patch 105, and the inner conductor of the second coaxial cable port 2 is connected with the hook-shaped microstrip balun, and particularly connected with the welding part 102 of the hook-shaped microstrip balun.
Further, in order to connect the two coaxial cable port outer conductors to the metal reflection plate 202 through the pad, the annular pad 206 is connected to the metal reflection plate 202 through the first metalized via 204, that is, the lower end of the first metalized via 204 is disposed on the annular pad 206, the number of the first metalized via 204 is 4, the upper end of the first metalized via 204 is connected to the metal reflection plate 202 and is connected to the outer conductor of the second coaxial cable port 2, the rectangular pad 209 is connected to the metal reflection plate 202 through the second metalized via 205, that is, the lower end of the second metalized via 205 is disposed on the rectangular pad 209, the number of the two sides is 6 in total, the upper end of the second metalized via 205 is connected to the metal reflection plate 202 and is connected to the outer conductor of the first coaxial cable port 1, wherein the diameters of the first metalized via 204 and the second metalized via 205 are different.
Further, in order to fix the first layer and the second layer by the fixing bolts 3, four fixing bolts 3 are provided in this embodiment, four through hole slots 301 are distributed at the edges of four corners of the first dielectric board 101, and four through hole slots 301 are distributed at corresponding positions of the second dielectric board 201, each through hole slot 301 is matched with one fixing bolt 3, so that the fixing bolt 3 can pass through, and the four fixing bolts 3 sequentially pass through the first dielectric board 101, the radiation patch 105, the metal reflection board 202, and the second dielectric board 201 to be fixed.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the first dielectric plate 101 is square, has a width L of 32.6mm and a height H 1 Is 0.762mm; the second dielectric plate 201 with the lower spacing H of 5mm is also square and has a width L 9 Is 80mm, height H 2 Is 1mm; the radiation patch 105 is square, has a width L of 32.6mm, and a first slot 106 etched in the radiation patch 105 has a length L 4 Is 5.3mm wide W 4 Is 1.7mm; third leg 103 length L above the radiating patch 105 1 Is 15.4mm, width W 2 3.4mm, the total length L of the fourth branch 104 2 Is 11.9mm, and has a width W 3 Is 2.0mm; metal reflective plate 202 length and width L 9 Is 80mm away from the edge L of the metal reflecting plate 202 8 Is 28.7mm, and the length L of the second notch 203 3 Is 19.73mm and has a width W 5 1.4 mm; the length L of the first branch 207 below the second slot 203 5 15.2 mm, width W 6 Is 2.3 mm, the length L of the second branch 208 6 Is 11.6 mm, width W 7 Is 1.3mm; metalized vias 204 and 205 diameter D 1 And D 3 0.4 mm and 1mm; the diameter D2 of the through-hole groove 301 is 2mm.
Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 show the reflection coefficient (| S) of the low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna of the present embodiment 11 I and I S 22 I) graph, isolation (| S) 21 I) a graph, a gain graph, a radiation pattern of the first coaxial cable port connection microstrip line at the central frequency of 3.55 GHz and a radiation pattern of the second coaxial cable port connection hook-shaped microstrip balun at the central frequency of 3.55 GHz; the working frequency band of the antenna of the embodiment is 3.3 GHz-3.8 GHz, and the working frequency band covers the N78 frequency band, | S 11 |、|S 22 |<10dB, relative impedance bandwidth of 14.1%, low profile height, excellent isolation and good gainBeneficial characteristics, total size of 0.39 lambda 0 ×0.39λ 0 ×0.08λ 0 （λ 0 Is the wavelength of the center frequency) the dual polarization gain in the operating band is higher than 8.61 dBi and 7.90 dBi. Under the condition of not using a complex feed network, different simple feed modes and the shunt effect of the short-circuit pin are adopted, the current coupling between the two coaxial cable ports is extremely small, and the isolation | S 21 I is greater than 52 dB.
In summary, one coaxial cable port of the antenna of the present invention is fed by microstrip line coupling, the other coaxial cable port is fed directly by hook-shaped microstrip balun, dual polarization radiation is implemented by using two different feeding modes, the feeding mode is simple, the antenna size and the profile height are small, no complex feeding network is introduced, and dual polarization uses different simple feeding modes and the shunting effect of the shorting pin, so that the mutual influence between the dual polarization radiation is minimal in the working frequency band, thereby obtaining high isolation.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and omissions may be made in the form and detail of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna is characterized by comprising a first layer, a second layer and two coaxial cable ports;
the first layer comprises a first dielectric plate, a radiation patch and a hook-shaped microstrip balun, the hook-shaped microstrip balun is arranged at the top of the first dielectric plate, and the radiation patch is arranged at the bottom of the first dielectric plate;
the second layer comprises a second dielectric plate, a metal reflecting plate and a microstrip line, the metal reflecting plate is arranged at the top of the second dielectric plate, and the microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the second dielectric plate;
the two coaxial cable ports are respectively a first coaxial cable port and a second coaxial cable port, the first coaxial cable port is fed by microstrip line coupling, and the second coaxial cable port is fed by hook-shaped microstrip balun.
2. The low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second layer further comprises two annular bonding pads and two rectangular bonding pads, the annular bonding pads are arranged at the central position of the bottom of the second dielectric plate and connected with the metal reflector plate, and the two rectangular bonding pads are symmetrically arranged at the same edge position of the bottom of the second dielectric plate and connected with the metal reflector plate;
the outer conductor of the first coaxial cable port is connected with the two rectangular welding pads, and the inner conductor of the first coaxial cable port is connected with the microstrip line;
and after the second coaxial cable port sequentially passes through the second dielectric plate, the metal reflecting plate, the radiation patch and the first dielectric plate, an outer conductor of the second coaxial cable port is connected with the annular bonding pad and the radiation patch, and an inner conductor of the second coaxial cable port is connected with the hook-shaped microstrip balun.
3. The low-profile, high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna of claim 2, wherein the annular pad is connected to the metal reflector plate by a first metalized via and the rectangular pad is connected to the metal reflector plate by a second metalized via.
4. The low-profile, high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna of claim 3, wherein the first and second metalized vias have different diameters.
5. The low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein two first slots are etched on the radiation patch, the two first slots are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the center of the radiation patch, the tail ends of the two first slots penetrate through the edge of the radiation patch, and the hook-shaped microstrip balun is positioned right above the first slots.
6. The low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna of claim 1, wherein a second slot is etched in the metal reflector plate, and the microstrip line is located right below the second slot.
7. The low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the microstrip line comprises a first stub and a second stub, the size of the first stub is larger than that of the second stub, one end of the first stub is connected with one end of the second stub, and the other end of the second stub is connected with the inner conductor of the first coaxial cable port.
8. The low-profile high-isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hook-shaped microstrip balun comprises a welding part, a third branch and four branches, the welding part is located in the middle of the third branch, the welding part is connected with the inner conductor of the second coaxial cable port, the third branch is a rectangular branch, the number of the fourth branches is two, both the two fourth branches are bent branches, the two fourth branches are symmetrically arranged, and the two fourth branches are respectively connected with the two ends of the third branch.
9. A low profile, high isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to any of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a securing pin, wherein there is an air gap between said first and second layers, and wherein said first and second layers are secured by said securing pin.
10. A wireless communication device comprising a low profile high isolation polarization diversity patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN116683179A (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-09-01 | 广东工业大学 | Wideband high-isolation dipole antenna for full duplex application and communication equipment |
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