CN115980635B - Method for predicting contact reliability of electric connector by considering stress relaxation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting contact reliability of an electric connector by considering stress relaxation, which takes a circular slotted contact electric connector as an example, mainly considers a contact failure mode of the electric connector caused by stress relaxation, and establishes a stress relaxation failure physical model reflecting the performance degradation rule of the electric connector under the action of failure causes (including working stress, environmental stress, time stress and the like) by analyzing the internal causes and mechanisms of the degradation of the electric connector, such as contact normal force degradation, insertion force reduction and the like, under the action of repeated insertion and extraction (cyclic stress and strain) and the like, so as to realize accurate prediction of the contact reliability of the electric connector. The invention solves the problem that the traditional reliability prediction method is difficult to quantify the influence of product quality consistency information (material, structure and process data fluctuation) on the product reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting the reliability of an electric connector product, in particular to a method for predicting the contact reliability of a circular slotted contact electric connector by considering a stress relaxation mechanism.
Background
The slotting contact piece mainly comprises slotting holes, contact pins, a sheath and the like, and in order to ensure reliable contact between the slotting holes and the contact pins, the front ends of slotting holes are required to generate certain plastic deformation inwards through a closing-in procedure in the production and assembly processes, and when the contact pins are inserted into the slotting holes, contact normal force and multipoint contact are formed between the pin holes.
The stress relaxation of the contact is generally a phenomenon that the total strain of the metal material is kept unchanged under a constant high-temperature bearing state, and the stress gradually decreases with time, so that the contact normal force between pinholes of the contact is reduced, and the insertion and extraction force is reduced. The stress relaxation of the contacts is mainly related to environmental factors (temperature, load bearing stress, etc.) and material properties of the contact material. The microscopic appearance is that the inner crystal grains of the metal are dislocated under the external bearing action, so that the elastic deformation is gradually reduced and the plastic deformation is gradually increased. Macroscopic appearance shows that the contact normal force between pinholes of the grooved contact piece slowly decreases, and the insertion and extraction force of the grooved contact piece gradually decreases. Both ambient temperature and material properties of the contact material directly affect the rate of stress relaxation of the contact.
Multiple insertions and removals (cyclic stress and strain) of the circular grooved contact electrical connector during use can cause stress relaxation of the grooved contact, which seriously damages the contact characteristics of the electrical connector, and the stress relaxation is considered to be one of main reasons for mechanical performance and electrical contact performance failure of the electrical connector. The traditional reliability prediction method which simply relies on mathematical statistics cannot accurately describe the inherent mechanism and rule of performance degradation such as contact normal force reduction, insertion force reduction and the like of the mechanical property and the contact property of the circular slotted contact electric connector under the stress relaxation effect, so that the accuracy of the contact reliability prediction of the electric connector is poor. Therefore, how to achieve the contact reliability of a circular slotted contact electrical connector that takes into account the stress relaxation mechanism is expected to be a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the conventional reliability prediction method which simply relies on mathematical statistics cannot accurately describe the mechanism and rule of performance degradation of the electric connector under the action of failure inducement, so that the contact reliability prediction accuracy is poor, the invention provides the contact reliability prediction method of the electric connector, which considers stress relaxation, based on the combination of failure physics and the mathematical statistics method.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a method of predicting contact reliability of an electrical connector taking into account stress relaxation, comprising the steps of:
step one: establishing a digital prototype model y=f (X) of the slotted contact electrical connector for describing the slotted contact according to the circular slotted contact electrical connector design drawing and process fileInput parameters x= [ X ] such as contact normal force XP between pinholes P ]Complete machine plugging force Y of electric connector F ]Equal output parameter y= [ Y ] F ]]An input-output relationship between;
step two: aiming at a slotted contact (namely a key part of an electric connector), carrying out a slotted contact reliability test research taking a stress relaxation mechanism into consideration, and obtaining contact normal force degradation data among pin holes of the slotted contact under different combinations of environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C, process parameters G and the like through the stress relaxation contact reliability test, wherein:
input factors considered by the reliability test study include: environmental conditions E (temperature, humidity, etc.), stress conditions F (initial stress, initial strain, etc.), load conditions L (cyclic stress, cyclic strain, etc.), grooved contact material parameters M (young's modulus, poisson's ratio, etc.), grooved contact structural parameters C (dimensional parameters, etc.), grooved contact process parameters G (processing parameters, assembly parameters, etc.), the output factors including: contact normal force XP between pin holes of grooved contact piece;
step three: according to the stress relaxation contact reliability test data, a stress relaxation failure physical model X of contact normal force between pinholes of a slotted contact piece is established P =P(E,F,L,M,C,G,X Po T), wherein X Po For contact positive pressure X between pin holes of grooved contact piece P The initial value at the time t=0 is used for describing the rule of degradation of the contact normal force XP between pinholes of the slotted contact element along with the time t under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C, technological parameters G and the like;
step four: the initial value X of the contact normal force between pinholes of the slotted contact caused by fluctuation of materials, structures and process parameters is obtained through statistics by utilizing quality consistency information of the slotted contact in the production process Po Distribution mean mu of (2) X And standard deviation sigma X Based on Monte Carlo random process theory, according to X Po Fluctuation range mu of (2) X ±6σ X Randomly generating N groups of batch slotting contacts conforming to normal distribution by utilizing independent and same-distributed central limit theoremInitial value X of virtual sample at time t=0 o1 =[X Po1 ]、X o2 =[X Po2 ]、...、X oN =[X PoN ]Wherein:
the quality consistency information comprises relevant data which are generated in the process flows of part processing, assembly, debugging and the like of the slotting contact piece on the whole production line and can reflect the process capability of the working procedure;
step five: initial value X of virtual sample of batch slotting contact piece constructed in step four at time t=0 o1 =[X Po1 ]、X o2 =[X Po2 ]、...、X oN =[X PoN ]Substituting the normal force of contact between pinholes of grooved contact piece established in the third step into a stress relaxation failure physical model X P =P(E,F,L,M,C,G,X Po In the t), obtaining a rule that contact normal force XP between pinholes of batch slotting contact pieces is degraded along with time t under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C, process parameters G and the like; substituting the rule of the degradation of the contact normal force XP between pinholes of the batch of slotted contact elements along with the time t into the digital model Y=F (X) of the circular slotted contact element electric connector established in the first step to obtain the output characteristic Y= [ YF ] of the batch of circular slotted contact element electric connectors]The rule of degradation along with time t under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C, process parameters G and the like is that the output characteristic of a virtual sample of the batch round grooved contact electric connector at time ti is Y1 (ti) = [ Y) F1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y FN (t i )];
Step six: according to the qualified threshold value of the complete machine plugging force distributed for the round slotted contact electric connector when the electronic system reliably works, determining the output characteristic Y= [ Y ] F ]Allowable stress σ= [ σ ] F ]Utilizing the batch round slotted contact electrical connector virtual sample obtained in the fifth step at t i Output characteristic Y of time 1 (t i )=[Y F1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y FN (t i )]Based on stress-intensity interference theoryThe number of contact failures in the sample is calculated, thereby calculating the contact reliability at the current time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method solves the problem that the traditional reliability prediction method is difficult to quantify the influence of product quality consistency information (material, structure and process data fluctuation) on the reliability of the product, establishes a digital prototype model of the circular slotted contact electric connector and a stress relaxation failure physical model of contact normal force between pin holes of the slotted contact, establishes a batch of slotted contact virtual samples by using the quality consistency information, and obtains the degradation rule and distribution of the performance parameters of the batch of slotted contact electric connector along with time, thereby calculating the contact reliability of the circular slotted contact electric connector at a certain moment according to the stress-intensity interference theory and ensuring the correctness and the accuracy of the contact reliability prediction result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an implementation flow of a method for electrical connector contact reliability prediction that takes into account stress relaxation.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not limited to the following description, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for predicting contact reliability of an electric connector by considering stress relaxation, which takes a circular slotted contact electric connector as an example, mainly considers a contact failure mode of the electric connector caused by stress relaxation, and establishes a stress relaxation failure physical model reflecting the performance degradation rule of the electric connector under the action of failure causes (including working stress, environmental stress, time stress and the like) by analyzing the internal causes and mechanisms of the degradation of the electric connector, such as contact normal force degradation, insertion force reduction and the like, under the action of repeated insertion and extraction (cyclic stress and strain) and the like, so as to realize accurate prediction of the contact reliability of the electric connector. As shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step one: according to the design drawing and the process file of the circular slotting contact electric connector, a digital prototype model Y=F (X) is established based on a radial basis function method and is used for describing contact normal force X between pinholes of slotting contact P Equal input parameter x= [ X ] P ]Complete machine plug force Y of electric connector with round slotted contact F Equal output parameter y= [ Y ] F ]Input-output relationship between. Wherein the input parameter X is a characteristic parameter X= [ X ] of time degradation of contact normal force of the slotted contact piece due to stress relaxation under the action of repeated insertion and extraction (cyclic stress and strain) P ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output parameter Y is a characteristic parameter Y= [ Y ] of time degradation of the whole machine plugging force caused by stress relaxation under the action of repeated plugging (cyclic stress and strain) of the circular slotted contact electric connector F ]。
Step two: for slotted contacts (i.e., key components of an electrical connector), experimental studies of the contact reliability of slotted contacts are conducted in consideration of a stress relaxation mechanism, and input factors considered by the experimental studies include: environmental conditions E (temperature, humidity, etc.), stress conditions F (initial stress, initial strain, etc.), load conditions L (cyclic stress, cyclic strain, etc.), grooved contact material parameters M (young's modulus, poisson's ratio, etc.), grooved contact structural parameters C (dimensional parameters, etc.), grooved contact process parameters G (processing parameters, assembly parameters, etc.), and output factors considered by experimental study include: contact normal force X between pin holes of grooved contact piece P And obtaining contact normal force degradation data among pinholes of the slotted contact under different combinations of environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C, process parameters G and the like through a stress relaxation contact reliability test.
Step three: according to the stress relaxation contact reliability test data, a stress relaxation failure physical model X of contact normal force between pinholes of a slotted contact piece is established P =P(E,F,L,M,C,G,X Po T) for describing contact normal force X between pin holes of slotted contact P And the degradation rule along with time t under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C, process parameters G and the like. Wherein X is Po Is in slotted contactContact positive pressure X between pin holes P Initial value at time t=0, namely:
X Po =P(E,F,L,M,C,T,t=0) (1)
in the step, the method for establishing the stress relaxation failure physical model of the contact normal force between pinholes of the grooved contact piece comprises the following steps:
step three: determination of the form of a physical model of stress relaxation failure of a slotted contact
Defining stress relaxation S of a slotted contact as contact normal force X between contact pinholes P The variation Δx of (a) P And the initial value X Po Ratio of the two components. A number of documents indicate that the stress relaxation S is related to time t as shown in formula (2):
S=v S ·lnt+S 1h (2);
wherein vS is stress relaxation rate, S 1h To bear stress relaxation after 1 h.
Stress relaxation rate v S The relation between the temperature T and the relaxation heat activation energy Q satisfies the Arrhenius formula, as shown in formula (3):
v S =A·e -Q/kT (3);
wherein A is a coefficient related to a material, Q is relaxation heat activation energy, k is Boltzmann constant, and T is thermodynamic temperature.
From equations (2) and (3), a functional form of the slotted contact stress relaxation failure physical model can be obtained:
step three, two: undetermined coefficients in slotted contact stress relaxation failure physical models
In the physical model of stress relaxation failure of the slotted contact shown in the (4), if the environmental condition E, the stress condition F, the load condition L, the material parameter M, the structural parameter C and the process parameter G are known, and the initial value X of the contact normal force between pinholes of the slotted contact Po Is a known quantity, the unknown quantity in the model is a coefficient A to be determined, and the thermal activation is relaxedEnergy Q and stress relaxation S after bearing for 1h 1h 。
And step three: determining undetermined coefficients in a model based on contact reliability tests
Under the known environmental condition E, stress condition F, load condition L, material parameter M, structural parameter C, technological parameter G and initial contact normal force value X between pin holes of slotting contact piece Po Under the condition of (1) carrying out a stress relaxation contact reliability test of the slotted contact, and measuring at least two time points t 1 (t 1 =1h)、t 2 Contact normal force X P Variation Δx P1 、ΔX P2 Then S under the test conditions can be calculated from the formula (5) 1h 、A·e -Q/kT :
Step four: the initial value X of the contact normal force between pinholes of the slotted contact caused by fluctuation of materials, structures and process parameters is obtained by statistics through the quality consistency information of the slotted contact production process (namely, the related data which can reflect the process capability generated in the process flows of part processing, assembly, debugging and the like of the slotted contact on the whole production line) Po Distribution mean mu of (2) X =[μ XPo ]And standard deviation sigma X =[σ XPo ]. Based on Monte Carlo random process theory, according to X Po Fluctuation range mu of (2) X ±6σ X Randomly generating N groups of arrays [ X ] conforming to normal distribution by utilizing independent and equidistributed central limit theorem Po1 ]、[X Po2 ]、...、[X PoN ]I.e. randomly generating the initial value X of N groups of batch slotting contact piece virtual samples conforming to normal distribution at the time t=0 o1 =[X Po1 ]、X o2 =[X Po2 ]、...、X oN =[X PoN ]。
Step five: initial value X of virtual sample of batch slotting contact piece constructed in step four at time t=0 o1 =[X Po1 ]、X o2 =[X Po2 ]、...、X oN =[X PoN ]Substitution stepThree established stress relaxation failure physical model X for contact normal force between pin holes of grooved contact piece P =P(E,F,L,M,C,G,X Po In the t), the rule that the contact normal force XP between pinholes of the batch grooving contact member is degraded along with the time t under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C, process parameters G and the like can be obtained. Then the contact normal force X between pinholes of the batch of grooved contact pieces P Substituting the rule of degradation along with time t into the digital model Y=F (X) =FX of the circular slotted contact electric connector digital prototype established in the first step P ]In the method, the output characteristic (the whole machine plug force) Y= [ Y ] of the batch round grooved contact electric connector can be obtained F ]The law of degradation with time t under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C, process parameters G and the like, namely Y (t) = [ Y ] F (t)]=F(X P )=F[P(E,F,L,M,C,G,X Po ,t)]And t i The output characteristic of the virtual sample of the time batch round slotted contact electrical connector is Y 1 (t i )=[Y F1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y FN (t i )]。
Step six: according to the qualified threshold value of the complete machine plugging force distributed for the round slotted contact electric connector when the electronic system reliably works, determining the output characteristic Y= [ Y ] F ]Allowable stress σ= [ σ ] F ]. When the round slotted contact electric connector is in use, the whole machine is plugged with a force Y F Degradation over time to pass threshold sigma F When the performance strength is lower than the allowable stress, the circular slotted contact element electric connector has no functional failure, but the contact failure is caused by the performance degradation of the whole machine plugging force. Utilizing the batch round slotted contact electrical connector virtual sample obtained in the fifth step at t i Output characteristic Y of time 1 (t i )=[Y F1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y FN (t i )]And judging whether each sample has contact failure or not according to the stress-intensity interference theory.
When satisfying (6), the circular slotted contact electrical connector of description number lVirtual sample at t i Contact failure occurs at time.
Y l (t i )=[Y Fl (t i )]<[σ F ]l=1,···,N (6)
Definition H d =[H F ]At t i Time of day contact failure sample set, N (H d ) For set H d =[H F ]The number of samples in (1) then the contact reliability R of the circular slotted contact electrical connector at time ti d (t i ) The method comprises the following steps:
Claims (5)
1. a method for predicting contact reliability of an electrical connector in consideration of stress relaxation, the method comprising the steps of:
step one: establishing a digital prototype model y=f (X) of the slotted contact electrical connector according to the design drawing and the process file of the circular slotted contact electrical connector for describing contact normal force X between pin holes of the slotted contact P Input parameter x= [ X ] P ]Complete machine plugging force Y of electric connector F Output parameter y= [ Y ] F ]An input-output relationship between;
step two: aiming at the slotted contact, carrying out a slotted contact reliability test research considering a stress relaxation mechanism, and obtaining contact normal force degradation data between pin holes of the slotted contact under different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C and process parameters G through the stress relaxation contact reliability test;
step three: according to the stress relaxation contact reliability test data, a stress relaxation failure physical model X of contact normal force between pinholes of a slotted contact piece is established P =P(E,F,L,M,C,G,X Po T), wherein X Po The initial value of contact normal force between pinholes of the slotted contact is used for describing contact normal force X between pinholes of the slotted contact P Under different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L and materialsThe method for establishing the stress relaxation failure physical model of the contact normal force between pinholes of the grooved contact piece according to the rule of degradation along with time t under the combination of the material parameter M, the structural parameter C and the technological parameter G comprises the following steps:
step three: determination of the form of a physical model of stress relaxation failure of a slotted contact
The functional form of the slotted contact stress relaxation failure physical model is as follows:
in the formula, v S For the stress relaxation rate, the stress relaxation S is the contact normal force X between pinholes of the contact P The variation Δx of (a) P Initial value X of contact normal force between pin holes of slotted contact piece Po The ratio of A to Q is the coefficient related to the material, Q is the relaxation heat activation energy, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, S 1h For stress relaxation after 1h of bearing;
step three, two: undetermined coefficients in slotted contact stress relaxation failure physical models
If the environmental condition E, the stress condition F, the load condition L, the material parameter M, the structural parameter C and the process parameter G are known, and the initial value X of the contact normal force between pinholes of the slotting contact element Po The unknown quantity in the slotted contact stress relaxation failure physical model is a coefficient A related to materials, relaxation heat activation energy Q and stress relaxation S after bearing for 1h 1h ;
And step three: determining undetermined coefficients in a model based on contact reliability tests
Under the known environmental condition E, stress condition F, load condition L, material parameter M, structural parameter C, technological parameter G and initial contact normal force value X between pin holes of slotting contact piece Po Under the condition of (1) carrying out a stress relaxation contact reliability test of the slotted contact, and measuring at least two time points t 1 、t 2 Contact normal force X P Variation Δx P1 、ΔX P2 ,t 1 =1h, the slotted contact is calculated to be reliable in stress relaxation contactS under sexual test conditions 1h 、A·e -Q/kT :
Step four: the initial value X of the contact normal force between pinholes of the slotted contact caused by fluctuation of materials, structures and process parameters is obtained through statistics by utilizing quality consistency information of the slotted contact in the production process Po Distribution mean mu of (2) X And standard deviation sigma X Based on Monte Carlo random process theory, according to X Po Fluctuation range mu of (2) X ±6σ X Randomly generating initial values X of N groups of batch slotted contact virtual samples conforming to normal distribution at t=0 moment by utilizing independent and same-distributed central limit theorem o1 =[X Po1 ]、X o2 =[X Po2 ]、...、X oN =[X PoN ];
Step five: initial value X of virtual sample of batch slotting contact piece constructed in step four at time t=0 o1 =[X Po1 ]、X o2 =[X Po2 ]、...、X oN =[X PoN ]Substituting the normal force of contact between pinholes of grooved contact piece established in the third step into a stress relaxation failure physical model X P =P(E,F,L,M,C,G,X Po In t), the contact normal force X between pinholes of batch slotting contact pieces is obtained P A rule of degradation with time t under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C and process parameters G; then the contact normal force X between pinholes of the batch of grooved contact pieces P Substituting the rule of degradation along with time t into the digital model Y=F (X) of the circular slotted contact electric connector established in the first step to obtain the complete machine plugging force Y of the batch circular slotted contact electric connector F Output parameter y= [ Y ] F ]Law of degradation with time t under different combinations of environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, load conditions L, material parameters M, structural parameters C, process parameters G, and t i The output characteristic of the virtual sample of the time batch round slotted contact electrical connector is Y 1 (t i )=[Y F1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y FN (t i )];
Step six: according to the qualified threshold value of the complete machine plugging force distributed to the round slotted contact electric connector when the electronic system reliably works, determining the complete machine plugging force Y of the electric connector F Output parameter y= [ Y ] F ]Allowable stress σ= [ σ ] F ]Utilizing the batch round slotted contact electrical connector virtual sample obtained in the fifth step at t i Output characteristic Y of time 1 (t i )=[Y F1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y FN (t i )]And determining the number of contact failures in the sample according to the stress-intensity interference theory, so as to calculate the contact reliability at the current moment.
2. The method for predicting contact reliability of an electrical connector with consideration of stress relaxation as recited in claim 1, wherein in said step two, the input factors considered in the reliability test study include: environmental condition E, stress condition F, load condition L, grooved contact material parameter M, grooved contact structural parameter C, grooved contact process parameter G, the output factors include: contact normal force X between pin holes of grooved contact piece P 。
3. The method for predicting contact reliability of an electrical connector with consideration of stress relaxation as recited in claim 1, wherein in said step four, the quality consistency information comprises data related to the process capability of the slotted contact during the part machining, assembly and debugging process of the whole production line.
4. The method for predicting contact reliability of an electrical connector with consideration of stress relaxation as recited in claim 1, wherein in said step six, a virtual sample of a circular slotted contact electrical connector with reference to number l is determined at t i The method for the contact failure at the moment comprises the following steps:
Y l (t i )=[Y Fl (t i )]<[σ F ]l=1,···,N。
5. the method for predicting contact reliability of an electrical connector with consideration of stress relaxation as recited in claim 1, wherein in said step six, H is defined d =[H F ]At t i Time of day contact failure sample set, N (H d ) For set H d =[H F ]The number of samples in (1) then the circular slotted contact electrical connector is at t i Contact reliability R at time d (t i ) The method comprises the following steps:
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CN106595927A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for measuring contact pressure of electric connector at different ambient temperature |
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CN113111506A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-13 | 浙江理工大学 | Electric connector contact reliability modeling method with multiple apertures |
CN113221293A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-06 | 浙江理工大学 | Method and system for optimally designing contact reliability of wire spring hole type electric connector |
CN113312786A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-27 | 浙江理工大学 | Construction method, application and construction system of wire spring hole type electric connector reliability model |
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CN106595927A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for measuring contact pressure of electric connector at different ambient temperature |
CN113111506A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-13 | 浙江理工大学 | Electric connector contact reliability modeling method with multiple apertures |
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