CN115980127B - Visual device for testing gas-dust composite explosion release dynamic characteristics and explosion release performance under multi-parameter influence - Google Patents
Visual device for testing gas-dust composite explosion release dynamic characteristics and explosion release performance under multi-parameter influence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual device for testing gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics and explosion release performance under the influence of multiple parameters, and belongs to the field of petrochemical enterprise safety. The system comprises a visual explosion system, an ignition system, an air supply system, a powder spraying system, an explosion venting system, a pressure acquisition system, a temperature acquisition system, an image acquisition system, a schlieren acquisition system, an oil bath heating system, a synchronous control system and a program control and data acquisition system. The visual explosion container is internally premixed with gas or gas/dust composite explosion to generate high-temperature flame and shock wave, and the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics characteristic and the performance test of the explosion release device under the influence of multiple parameters are realized through the release device. The invention creates the visual device for testing the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics and the explosion venting performance under the influence of multiple parameters, and fills the blank of the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics and the multifactor influence mechanism thereof and the performance test of the explosion venting device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical enterprise safety, and particularly relates to a testing method for a visual device for testing gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics characteristic and explosion release performance under the influence of multiple parameters.
Background
Explosion venting is widely used as an effective protection technique for containers and equipment at risk of explosion. The essence is that when explosion occurs and pressure is accumulated, a bleeder device arranged on the container is preferentially broken in preference to the container, and high-temperature gas, flame and pressure wave are discharged to the outside of the container through the bleeder port, so that the explosion pressure is prevented from reaching the explosion pressure of the container and being integrally broken. With the development of industry and the advancement of society, explosion accidents become more frequent and complex, and more complex explosions composed of both gas and dust combustible materials. The gas-solid two-phase composite explosion mechanism is more complex, the explosion intensity is higher, and the loss is more serious. In view of the special explosion characteristics of the gas phase and the solid phase and the threat of explosion accidents caused by the special explosion characteristics to industrial production, the related research is carried out on the two-phase composite explosion characteristics, and effective protective measures are taken to avoid the occurrence of derivative accident disasters.
The gas-dust composite explosion discharge process relates to the coupling processes of multi-phase combustible material combustion, turbulent flow of an explosion flow field, heat and mass transfer among phases and the like, is more complex and has larger hazard compared with the single-phase explosion discharge process, so that the former has less research on the gas-dust composite explosion discharge process, and more research on the gas-dust composite explosion discharge process is carried out, so that the discharge protection of the gas-solid two-phase composite explosion lacks relatively perfect theoretical guidance. The imperfection of the explosion relief basic research results in the failure to reveal the explosion relief mechanism and the establishment of an essential model, and the failure of the research to form a perfect theory. How to perform effective gas-solid two-phase composite explosion relief protection and establish an accurate relief criterion, which requires to master accurate and detailed gas-solid two-phase composite explosion relief characteristics, and the evolution mechanisms of explosion overpressure, flame morphology, flame temperature and flame speed in the relief process under different relief conditions are used as the basis. Meanwhile, the basic problems in the gas-dust composite explosion discharging process are deeply researched, various parameters including pressure, flame, temperature and gas/dust discharging dynamics characteristics in the discharging process are explored, the secondary explosion is caused by the interaction of unburned gas and dust in the flame discharging to the external space, the discharging process is influenced by the secondary explosion, and the secondary explosion discharging process is different from the single-phase combustible medium explosion discharging, so that the method has important theoretical and practical significance for revealing the gas-solid two-phase composite explosion discharging mechanism and developing the multiphase explosion discharging technology essentially.
At present, the discharge research work focused on the single-phase explosion process of gas or dust mainly focuses on the change rule of the internal and external pressure of the container and the propagation characteristic of explosion flame, and primarily defines the mechanism of the pressure rise in the container and the secondary explosion outside the container induced by the discharge flame. Dust explosion venting has similar characteristics to and is unique from gas venting, and is a complex process that includes a number of influencing factors and couples turbulent flow with the oscillating combustion of a multi-phase combustible medium. The complex explosion discharge characteristic of the two-phase complex combustion process is caused, however, researches on the gas-dust complex explosion discharge characteristic are freshly reported, and the theoretical basis of gas-solid two-phase complex explosion discharge is lacked, particularly, the evolution mechanism of the inner and outer explosion overpressure, flame structure morphology, flame temperature and flame speed of a container in the discharge process under different discharge conditions, the secondary explosion generation mechanism caused by the interaction of unburned gas and dust after the flame is discharged to an outflow field, the influence of the secondary explosion generation mechanism on the discharge process and the like are lacked. The imperfection of the gas-solid two-phase composite explosion release basic research results in the failure to reveal the establishment of a two-phase composite explosion release mechanism and an essential model. Therefore, the project has important research significance in developing the gas-solid two-phase composite explosion relief characteristic research, improves the explosion relief theory to a certain extent, and provides scientific thinking and theoretical basis for the research and development of the gas-solid two-phase explosion relief technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a gas-dust composite explosion release dynamic characteristic and explosion release performance test visualization device under the influence of multiple parameters, which comprises: the visual explosion system, the ignition system, the air supply system, the powder spraying system, the explosion venting system, the pressure acquisition system, the temperature acquisition system, the image acquisition system, the schlieren acquisition system, the oil bath heating system, the synchronous controller 17 and the program control and data acquisition system 18.
The visual explosion system consists of a visual explosion container 1 and container end cover flanges 2-1 and 2-2, and is connected through bolts. The visual explosion container 1 is of a square container structure, and visual windows are arranged in front and back of the visual explosion container; the upper end of the visual explosion container 1 is provided with a container end cover flange 2-1, and the lower end is provided with a container end cover flange 2-2. The upper end of the container end cover flange 2-1 is provided with a vacuum pressure gauge 22-2, the initial pressure in the visual explosion system is monitored, and a ball valve is arranged at the joint of the initial pressure and the visual explosion system for protection. The upper left side of the visual explosion container 1 is connected with a ball valve and a vacuum pump 20, so that the set vacuum degree in the container is realized, and the initial pressure and the powder spraying pressure during detonation are regulated and controlled. The left lower side of the visual explosion container 1 is connected with a ball valve and connected with a compressor 21, so that different initial pressures during detonation are realized, products after explosion are purged, and the replacement of external fresh air and products in the container is realized.
The ignition system consists of an ignition electrode 4, an adjustable high-voltage igniter 11, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18; the ignition electrode 4, the adjustable high-voltage igniter 11, the synchronous controller 17 and the program control and data acquisition system 18 are sequentially connected through lines; the ignition electrode 4 is arranged at the center of the left side wall surface of the visual explosion container 1 through threaded connection, and is arranged in the visual explosion container 1 through a wire electrode to perform high-voltage discharge ignition; the ignition position can be changed by adjusting the length of the electrode wire; controlling ignition energy by the adjustable high voltage igniter 11; the ignition electrode 4 is turned on and off by a program control and data acquisition system 18 and a synchronous controller 17.
The air supply system consists of air bottle air sources 23-1 and 23-2, a premixing tank 15 and a vacuum pressure gauge 22-1. A vacuum gauge 22-1 is mounted on top of premix tank 15 to measure the pressure of the premix gas therein and to configure the desired concentration of the premix gas within the vessel via Dalton's partial pressure law. The side wall is provided with threaded holes which are connected with gas cylinder gas sources 23-1 and 23-2 and a powder spraying system.
The powder spraying system consists of a Hartmann powder spraying device 3, a one-way valve 16, an electromagnetic valve 25, a synchronous controller 17, a program control and data acquisition system 18 and a pipeline. The Hartmann powder spraying device 3 is arranged on the container end cover flange 2-2 and is connected with the one-way valve 16 and the electromagnetic valve 25 through pipelines. The electromagnetic valve 25 is connected with the premixing tank 15 through a ball valve, dust is placed in a dust tank of the Hartmann powder spraying device 3, and high-pressure premixing gas is used for lifting the dust in the dust tank and uniformly dispersing the dust in the visual explosion container 1 through a pipeline through opening and closing the electromagnetic valve, so that a combustible explosion mixing medium with uniformly distributed gas and solid is formed.
The explosion venting system consists of an explosion venting guide pipe 26, an explosion venting membrane 5, an end face explosion venting flange 6, visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 and an explosion venting device 10. The right side of the visual explosion container 1 is provided with an explosion venting guide pipe 26, and an explosion venting membrane 5 is arranged at the port of the explosion venting guide pipe 26 and is tightly pressed by an end face explosion venting flange 6. The visual explosion venting pipeline can be formed by connecting one or more of the first visual explosion venting pipeline 7-1 or the second visual explosion venting pipeline 7-2 or the third visual explosion venting pipeline 7-3 through bolts, and the specific length of the visual explosion venting pipeline is selected and installed according to actual test requirements; the port on one side of the visual explosion venting pipeline is provided with an explosion venting device 10.
The pressure acquisition system consists of high-frequency pressure sensors 8-1 to 8-8, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18. The high-frequency pressure sensor 8-1 is arranged in the central area on the container end cover flange 2-1, and the internal pressure change process of the explosion container 1 is visualized in the explosion venting process. The high-frequency pressure sensor 8-2 is arranged on the wall surface of the explosion venting conduit 26, and is used for collecting the pressure change of the shock wave entering the conduit in the explosion venting process. The high-frequency pressure sensors 8-3, 8-4 and 8-5 are arranged at equal intervals on the external flow field of the explosion venting port, and collect the distribution change of the pressure field after the explosion venting device is arranged and the release flame propagates to the external opening space. The high-frequency pressure sensors 8-6, 8-7 and 8-8 are arranged on the wall surfaces of the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3, and the pressure distribution of the collected flame inside the visual explosion venting pipelines after passing through the explosion venting pipelines changes.
The temperature acquisition system consists of high-frequency temperature thermocouples 9-1 to 9-8, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18. The high-frequency temperature thermocouple 9-1 is arranged in the upper central area of the container end cover flange 2-1, and the temperature change process of the flame inside the explosive container 1 is visualized in the explosion venting process. The high-frequency temperature thermocouple 8-2 is arranged on the wall surface of the explosion venting conduit 26, and collects the temperature change process of flame entering the conduit in the explosion venting process. The high-frequency temperature thermocouples 9-3, 9-4 and 9-5 are arranged at equal intervals outside the explosion venting port, and collect the temperature distribution change after the release flame propagates to the external opening space and the influence on the external temperature field after the explosion venting device 10 is arranged. The high-frequency temperature thermocouples 9-6, 9-7 and 9-8 are arranged on the central wall surfaces of the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3, and collect the temperature distribution change of the explosion venting flame in the internal propagation process of the explosion venting pipelines. Meanwhile, in combination with the high-speed infrared thermal imager 14, the distribution changes of the temperature fields inside the visual explosion container 1 and the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 and outside the explosion venting container in the explosion venting process are collected.
The image acquisition system consists of a high-speed camera 12, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18. The high-speed camera shooting acquisition system can acquire images of the visual explosion container 1, the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 and the evolution and propagation process of the external flow field gas or gas/dust composite explosion flame, and judge whether the explosion venting device 10 is successful in fire resistance or not.
The schlieren acquisition system consists of a high-speed schlieren instrument 13, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18. The high-speed schlieren acquisition system can acquire images of the microscopic flow field structure evolution and development processes of the visual explosion container 1, the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 and the external flow field gas or gas/dust composite explosion venting process.
The oil bath heating system consists of a jacket 19 and an oil bath heater 24. The premix tank 15 is connected to an oil bath heater 24, and is provided with a jacket 19 at its outside. The temperature of the oil bath in the jacket is controlled by the oil bath heater 24, so that the environment temperature of the premixed gas in the premixing tank 15 is changed, and the regulation and control of the initial temperature in the gas-solid composite explosion process in the visual explosion container 1 are realized.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings;
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a visual device for testing gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics and explosion release performance under the influence of multiple parameters;
FIG. 2 is a graph of hydrogen explosion venting flame propagation characteristics;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the high voltage discharge ignition principle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Hartmann powder injection apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of rupture pressure on the internal pressure of a hydrogen detonation relief pipeline;
FIG. 6 is a graph of pressure distribution variation at different locations during a gas explosion venting process;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in the temperature field distribution of the external flow field during the gas explosion venting process;
fig. 8 is a microstructure diagram of a vent flow field in a hydrogen explosion venting process.
Wherein: 1. visualizing the explosive container; 2-1, 2-2. Container end closure flanges; 3. hartmann powder spraying device; 4. an ignition electrode; 5. explosion venting membrane; 6. an end face explosion venting flange; 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3, visualizing the explosion venting pipeline; 8-1 to 8-8, a high-frequency pressure sensor; 9-1 to 9-8. High-frequency temperature thermocouples; 10. explosion venting device; 11. an adjustable high voltage igniter; 12. a high-speed camera; 13. a high-speed schlieren instrument; 14. a high-speed infrared thermal imager; 15. a premix tank; 16. a one-way valve; 17. a synchronous controller; 18. program control and data acquisition system; 19. a jacket; 20. a vacuum pump; 21. a compressor; 22-1, 22-2. Vacuum pressure gauges; 23-1, 23-2. A gas cylinder gas source; 24. an oil bath heater; 25. an electromagnetic valve; 26. explosion venting guide pipe.
Detailed Description
The implementation is suitable for a visual device for testing the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics characteristic and the explosion release performance under the influence of multiple parameters, and the structure of the visual device is shown in figure 1; FIG. 1 is a visual device for testing the release dynamics and release performance of gas-dust composite explosion under the influence of multiple parameters, the device comprises: the visual explosion system, the ignition system, the air supply system, the powder spraying system, the explosion venting system, the pressure acquisition system, the temperature acquisition system, the image acquisition system, the schlieren acquisition system, the oil bath heating system, the synchronous controller 17 and the program control and data acquisition system 18.
The visual explosion system consists of a visual explosion container 1 and container end cover flanges 2-1 and 2-2, and is connected through bolts. The visual explosion container 1 is a square container structure, and is provided with visual windows at the front and back to observe the development process of explosion flame after dust and gas or gas/dust mixture is ignited by an ignition electrode. Based on the device and experimental data, the propagation and morphological evolution process of the explosion flame along the direction of the explosion venting opening (shown in figure 2) and the development and evolution process of the explosion flame in the container due to the restraint of the wall surface and the existence of the explosion venting opening are obtained. It can be seen that the bleeder flame is affected by the air resistance and propagates forward in the form of a spindle, after which the flame front is curled and in the form of a mushroom-shaped flame, the propagation of the bleeder flame aggravates the turbulence level of the external space, and the flame front is wrinkled and curled. The explosion bleeder flame has energy loss and turbulence instability in the propagation process, so that the bleeder flame is gradually extinguished. In addition, the bleeder flame width tends to increase and then decrease. As the bleeder flame propagates, the drag and heat transfer of the air results in more energy loss, resulting in a reduced flame face width. The upper end of the visual explosion container 1 is provided with a container end cover flange 2-1, and the lower end is provided with a container end cover flange 2-2. The upper end of the container end cover flange 2-1 is provided with a vacuum pressure gauge 22-2, the initial pressure in the visual explosion system is monitored, and a ball valve is arranged at the connecting part for protection. The upper left side of the visual explosion container 1 is connected with a ball valve and a vacuum pump 20, so that the set vacuum degree in the container is realized, and the initial pressure (vacuum degree) and the powder spraying pressure (namely the turbulence intensity) during detonation are regulated and controlled. The left lower side of the visual explosion container 1 is connected with a ball valve and is connected with a compressor 21, so that different initial pressures (overpressure) during detonation and purging of products after gas or gas/dust composite explosion are realized, and replacement of external fresh air and products inside the container is realized.
The ignition system consists of an ignition electrode 4, an adjustable high-voltage igniter 11, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18. Ignition of the combustible medium is achieved by means of high-voltage discharge, the principle of which is shown in fig. 3. The ignition electrode is mounted at the center of the left side wall surface of the visual explosion container 1 through threaded connection, and is placed in the visual explosion container 1 through a wire electrode to perform high-voltage discharge ignition. The ignition position can be changed by adjusting the length of the electrode wire; controlling ignition energy by the adjustable high voltage igniter 11; the ignition electrode 4 is turned on and off (i.e., the discharge time and duration are regulated) by a program control and data acquisition system 18 and a synchronous controller 17.
The air supply system consists of air bottle air sources 23-1 and 23-2, a premixing tank 15 and a vacuum pressure gauge 22-1. A vacuum pressure gauge 22-1 is mounted on the top of the premix tank 15 to measure the pressure of the premix gas therein, and the concentration of the premix gas in the container can be configured by the law of partial pressure of the gas. The side wall is provided with threaded holes which are connected with gas cylinder gas sources 23-1 and 23-2 and a powder spraying system. The gas supply system can be used for configuring premixed gases with different types, concentrations and pressures, and the powder spraying pressure and the types and the concentrations of the gases can be regulated and controlled.
The powder spraying system consists of a Hartmann powder spraying device 3 (the structural schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4), a one-way valve 16, an electromagnetic valve 25, a synchronous controller 17, a program control and data acquisition system 18 and a pipeline. The Hartmann powder spraying device 3 is arranged on the container end cover flange 2-2 and is connected with the one-way valve 16 and the electromagnetic valve 25 through pipelines. The electromagnetic valve 25 (normally closed) is connected with the premixing tank 15 through a ball valve, dust is placed in a dust tank of the Hartmann powder spraying device 3, and the high-pressure premixing gas lifts up the dust in the dust tank through a pipeline and uniformly disperses the dust in the visual explosion container 1 through opening and closing the electromagnetic valve, so that a combustible explosion mixed medium with uniformly distributed gas and solid is formed. The dust raising time and the dispersing time of the powder spraying are regulated and controlled by changing the opening and closing time of the electromagnetic valve. Dust with different physical parameters (including dust types, dust particle size, dust humidity, dust concentration, multiphase powder, dust components and the like) is placed in a dust tank, so that the dust explosion release dynamic characteristics with different physical parameters and the performance test research of the explosion release device are realized. The check valve 16 prevents the flame and pressure waves from propagating back along the conduit into the interior of the premix tank 15.
The explosion venting system consists of an explosion venting guide pipe 26, an explosion venting membrane 5, an end face explosion venting flange 6, visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 and an explosion venting device 10. The right side of the visual explosion container 1 is provided with an explosion venting guide pipe 26, an explosion venting membrane 5 is arranged at the port of the explosion venting guide pipe 26, and the explosion venting membrane 5 is pressed by an end face explosion venting flange 6. The design is mainly used for testing the rupture pressure and the explosion venting caliber of the explosion venting membrane 5 in the test. The visual explosion venting pipeline can be formed by connecting one or more of the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1 and 7-2 and the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-3 through bolts, and the specific length of the visual explosion venting pipeline can be selectively installed according to actual test requirements; the port on one side of the visual explosion venting pipeline is provided with an explosion venting device 10. The visual explosion venting pipeline is mainly used for testing the internal flame propagation characteristics and explosion parameters of the explosion venting pipeline in the test. The explosion venting device 10 is mainly used for testing the explosion resistance of the explosion venting device 10. In the test for researching the internal flame propagation characteristics of the explosion venting pipe, the explosion venting flange 6 at the port of the explosion venting pipe 26 is disassembled (the explosion venting membrane 5 is left), and the visualized explosion venting pipe 7-1 and the explosion venting device 10 are arranged at the port of the explosion venting pipe 26. The rupture pressure can be changed by changing the thickness, the layer number and the material of the explosion venting membrane 5, and the rupture pressure can obviously influence the change of explosion parameters in the explosion venting process. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the pressure change in the discharge pipeline during the process of discharging hydrogen explosion under different membrane rupture pressures measured on the basis of the device of the invention.
It can be seen that there is a maximum peak in the pressure curve and that the maximum explosion pressure in the bleed line increases with increasing rupture pressure. Based on experimental data and theoretical analysis, the corresponding relation between the maximum pressure peak value and the rupture pressure can be obtained as shown in the following formula:
（1）
wherein:xis the rupture pressure; y is the maximum explosion pressure value. It can be seen that the two are in a linear relationship.
The rupture pressure determines the intensity of the visual explosion container 1 when the explosion is released, and the larger the rupture pressure is, the more thorough the explosion reaction inside the visual explosion container 1 is, and the higher the explosion overpressure is generated. At the same time, the flame is continuously accelerated to propagate in the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 after the explosion venting membrane 5 is broken, so that the explosion overpressure in the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 is further increased. Therefore, the pressure change in the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 is considered on the basis of ensuring the safety of the container in the safety design process. In addition, the explosion venting area can be changed by changing the opening size of the end face explosion venting flange 6; the length of the explosion venting guide pipe can be changed by changing the number of the visual explosion venting pipes, and meanwhile, the internal flame propagation characteristics of the explosion venting pipes 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 can be observed and analyzed; the explosion venting device 10 is arranged on the right side of the visual explosion venting pipeline 7-3, so that the performance of the explosion venting device is tested and the influence on the internal and external explosion flow fields and the explosion parameters of the pipeline after the explosion venting device is arranged is analyzed.
The pressure acquisition system consists of high-frequency pressure sensors 8-1 to 8-8, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18. The high-frequency pressure sensor 8-1 is arranged in the central area on the container end cover flange 2-1, and the internal pressure change of the explosion container 1 is visualized in the explosion venting process. The high-frequency pressure sensor 8-2 is arranged on the wall surface of the explosion venting conduit 26, and is used for collecting the pressure change process of the shock wave entering the interior of the pipe in the explosion venting process. The high-frequency pressure sensors 8-3, 8-4 and 8-5 are arranged at equal intervals outside the explosion venting port, and the influence on an external pressure field caused by the fact that the released flame propagates to an external opening space and the explosion venting device is arranged is collected. The high-frequency pressure sensors 8-6, 8-7 and 8-8 are arranged on the wall surfaces of the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3, and the pressure distribution of the collected flame inside the visual explosion venting pipelines after passing through the explosion venting pipelines changes. FIG. 6 is a plot of pressure collected over time for high frequency pressure sensors 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, and 8-4, as determined based on the apparatus of the present invention.
The temperature acquisition system consists of high-frequency temperature thermocouples 9-1 to 9-8, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18. The high-frequency temperature thermocouple 9-1 is arranged in the upper central area of the container end cover flange 2-1, and the temperature change of the flame inside the explosive container 1 is visualized in the explosion venting process. The high-frequency temperature thermocouple 8-2 is arranged on the central wall surface of the explosion venting conduit 26, and collects the temperature change process of flame entering the conduit in the explosion venting process. The high-frequency temperature thermocouples 9-3, 9-4 and 9-5 are arranged at equal intervals outside the explosion venting port, and collect the temperature distribution change after the flame is transmitted to an external opening space and the influence on an external temperature field after the explosion venting device is arranged. The high-frequency temperature thermocouples 9-6, 9-7 and 9-8 are arranged on the wall surfaces of the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3, and collect the temperature distribution change of the explosion venting flame in the internal propagation process of the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3. Meanwhile, in combination with the high-speed infrared thermal imager 14, the internal flow fields of the visual explosion container 1 and the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 in the explosion venting process and the distribution evolution process of the external temperature field of the explosion venting container are acquired. Fig. 7 shows the change of the outflow field temperature field with time in the hydrogen explosion venting process based on the device of the invention.
The image acquisition system consists of a high-speed camera 12, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18. The high-speed shooting and collecting system can collect images of the visual explosion container 1, the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 and the evolution and propagation process of the external flow field gas or gas/dust composite explosion flame. At the same time, performance testing is performed on the explosion venting device 10 and whether fire blocking is successful is judged.
The schlieren acquisition system consists of a high-speed schlieren instrument 13, a synchronous controller 17 and a program control and data acquisition system 18. The high-speed schlieren acquisition system can acquire images of microscopic flow field structure evolution and development processes of the visual explosion container 1, the visual explosion venting pipelines 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 and the external flow field gas or gas/dust composite explosion venting process, and analyze the development and variation processes of the flow field in the gas-solid composite explosion venting and explosion-blocking processes. Based on the device and test data of the invention, the microstructure distribution change rule of the explosion venting port flow field in the explosion venting process of 30% concentration hydrogen is obtained, as shown in fig. 8. Experiments comparing different explosion venting areas can find that when the explosion venting area is smaller, the width of the unstable area of the external flow field is smaller, and the higher the jet flow degree is, the stronger the flow field is unstable.
The oil bath heating system consists of a jacket 19 and an oil bath heater 24. The premix tank 15 is connected to an oil bath heater 24, and is provided with a jacket 19 at its outside. The temperature of the oil bath in the jacket is controlled by the oil bath heater 24, so that the environment temperature of the premixed gas in the premixing tank 15 is changed, and the regulation and control of the initial temperature in the gas-solid composite explosion process in the visual explosion container 1 are realized. The initial temperature has a significant effect on the gas and dust explosion intensity as shown in equation (2):
（2）
wherein:n 0 andT 0 the amount and temperature of the material reacting the initial state gas, respectively;n e andT e the amount and temperature of the gaseous species at the end of the reaction;P 0 is the initial pressure;αis the turbulent velocity;K r is the combustion speed;Lis the size of the container.
By comprehensively analyzing the explosion parameters (explosion venting pressure, explosion venting temperature, explosion venting flame propagation characteristics and flow field microstructure) in the visual explosion venting process, the monitoring and data acquisition of the whole flow of the inside of the explosion venting container, the explosion venting guide pipe and the external flow field in the explosion venting process are realized, wherein the multi-physical field coupling action process comprises a pressure field, a temperature field, a speed field, a density field and the like. In particular to the influence of the change of multiple physical field parameters and the coupling effect after the explosion venting device is installed. And combining a rapid-response explosion parameter acquisition system to obtain an explosion parameter distribution change rule (comprising explosion pressure, explosion temperature, flame propagation characteristics and a flow field microstructure). Meanwhile, the dynamic characteristic research of the gas or gas/dust composite explosion release process under the influence of multiple parameters and the performance detection research of the explosion venting device under the condition of multiple working conditions are realized, the criterion of successful explosion venting and fire-retarding is provided, and the judgment criterion is shown in a formula (3).
（3）
Wherein: dust concentrationcp, flame propagation speedv f Caliber of bleederD v Rupture pressure of membranesP stat Dimensionless quantityFα。
The influence factor research of the single-phase gas, single-phase dust and gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics characteristic and the performance test of the explosion release device are realized through the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics characteristic and the explosion release performance test visualization device under the influence of multiple parameters. The influencing factors mainly comprise: (1) single-phase gas influencing factors include: gas species, gas concentration, multi-component gases (including multi-phase combustible gases and inert gases); the single-phase powder influencing factors include: the type of dust, the particle size of the dust, the humidity of the dust, the concentration of the dust, multiphase powder, the composition of the dust and the like; (3) gas-dust recombination influencing factors include: dust physical property parameters and gas characteristic parameters; (4) operating conditions include: powder injection pressure (i.e., turbulence intensity) and moment, initial pressure, initial temperature, ignition and delay time, ignition energy, ignition position, rupture pressure, discharge caliber, discharge conduit length, and the like. The collected explosion venting parameters comprise: (1) Explosion pressure, explosion temperature, flame evolution process and microscopic flow field development process in the container, especially the development process of flame and microscopic flow field structure entering the explosion venting port; (2) the container exterior comprises: flame propagation characteristics, flow field microstructure, flame temperature and explosion pressure distribution variation characteristics; in particular to the secondary explosion occurrence condition, influencing factors and change characteristics of the external flow field of the container, and the coupling action process of multiple physical fields such as a pressure field, a temperature field, a density field, a speed field and the like. (3) the explosion venting pipe comprises: explosion pressure, flame temperature, flame propagation characteristics and flow field microstructure development and change processes.
The working process of the device is as follows:
(1) And installing a rupture disk 5 and an end surface rupture disk flange 6 for determining the rupture pressure and closing all valves. And the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamic characteristic and explosion release performance test visualization device under the influence of multiple parameters is checked, so that the connection of each system and each pipeline is ensured to be perfect.
(2) If the influence of the installation of the explosion venting guide pipe on the internal and external flow fields of the visual explosion container 1 in the explosion venting process is researched, the visual explosion venting pipelines (7-1, 7-2 and 7-3) with different lengths can be installed. In addition, if performance testing of the explosion venting apparatus 10 is performed, it may be installed at the end of the visual explosion venting pipe (7-3). And then, the program control and data acquisition system is checked and debugged, so that the program control and data acquisition can be effectively and accurately carried out.
(3) The dust device 3 is internally provided with dust with determined quality, and the upper end cover flange 2-1 of the visual explosion container 1 is fixed and sealed through bolts. If only gas-phase explosion discharge research is carried out, dust is not placed in the dust tank; if only single-phase dust explosion discharge research is performed, the interior of the premixing tank 15 can only use air for dust raising.
(4) Premix tank 15 internally prepares the desired concentration of premix flammable gas (configured using the Dalton's partial pressure law method). The pre-mixed gas arranged in the pre-mixed tank body 15 is guaranteed to lift dust in the dust tank of the Hartmann powder spraying device and uniformly distribute in the visual explosion container 1. Ensuring that a predetermined initial pressure and a predetermined premix gas concentration are reached upon ignition. Simultaneously, the oil bath heater 24 is started to realize the regulation and control of premixed gases with different explosion initial temperatures entering the visual explosion container 1. In addition, the powder injection pressure is monitored by a vacuum pressure gauge 22-1.
(5) The vacuum pump 20 and the valve of the visual explosion container 1 are opened to realize different vacuum degrees in the visual explosion container 1, the vacuum pressure gauge 22-2 is used for monitoring, the regulation and control of different explosion initial pressures are realized, and then the valve of the vacuum pump 20 connected with the visual explosion container 1 is closed.
(6) The adjustable high-voltage igniter 11 (for adjusting ignition energy) is controlled by the program control and data acquisition system 18 and the synchronous controller 17 to ignite premixed gas or gas/dust composite explosion medium, and the discharge of different premixed gases or gas/dust composite explosions can be realized by changing the combustible gas (gas type, gas concentration, multi-component gas) and dust characteristic parameters (dust type, dust particle size, dust humidity, dust concentration, multi-phase powder, dust components and the like), so that the research on the discharge dynamics characteristics of the gas-dust composite explosions and the performance test of the explosion discharge device under the influence of multiple parameters are realized.
(7) The explosion pressure values in the inside and outside of the visual explosion container 1 and in the inside of the discharge conduit (7-1, 7-2 and 7-3) are collected through a program control and data collection system 18, a synchronous controller 17 and high-frequency pressure sensors 8-1-8 which are arranged in the visual explosion container 1, the discharge conduit 26, the visual discharge conduit (7-1, 7-2 and 7-3) and the external flow field under different working conditions. In particular, the impact on the pressure of the external explosion flow field in the visualized explosion container 1 after the explosion venting device 10 is installed.
(8) The high-frequency temperature thermocouples 9-1 to 9-8 arranged in the visual explosion container 1, the explosion venting guide pipe 26, the visual explosion venting pipelines (7-1, 7-2 and 7-3) and the external flow field collect the explosion flame temperature values in the visual explosion container 1 and the visual explosion venting pipelines (7-1, 7-2 and 7-3) under different working conditions by the program control and data acquisition system 18 and the synchronous controller 17. In particular the effect on the temperature of the detonation flame inside the explosion venting device 10 after it has been installed.
(9) The high-speed camera 12 is turned on and image data is acquired by a program control and data acquisition system 18 and a synchronization controller 17. The image acquisition is carried out on the dust of premixed gas or gas/dust in the visual explosion container 1 and the development process of flame morphology after ignition, in particular to the propagation process of the explosion venting port and the propagation process of the impact wave which is blocked by the wall surface and acts on the explosion venting flame. Meanwhile, the propagation characteristics of the explosion flame in the visualized explosion venting pipelines (7-1, 7-2 and 7-3) and the internal explosion flame propagation characteristics of the visualized explosion venting pipelines after the visualized explosion venting pipelines are blocked by the explosion venting device 10, and the flame form development process from the explosion venting device to the external flow field space are collected. The full-flow monitoring and research of the gas-dust composite explosion discharge flame propagation characteristics are realized.
(10) The high-speed schlieren instrument 13 is turned on and image data is acquired by a program control and data acquisition system 18 and a synchronous controller 17. The evolution process of the microscopic flow field structure after the premixed gas or gas/dust in the visual explosion container 1 is ignited is collected, and particularly the impact of the existence of the explosion venting port and the back propagation of the impact wave blocked by the wall surface on the microscopic flow field structure is avoided. Meanwhile, the visible explosion venting pipelines (7-1, 7-2 and 7-3) and the internal flow field microstructure thereof after being blocked by the explosion venting device 10 and the development process of the external explosion flow field microstructure are collected. The full-flow monitoring and research of the microstructure of the gas-dust composite explosion discharge flow field are realized.
(11) The high-speed thermal infrared imager 14 is controlled to start and collect temperature data by a program control and data collection system 18 and a synchronous controller 17. Dust raising of premixed gas or gas/dust in the visual explosion container 1 and the change rule of the temperature distribution of the flame flow field after ignition, in particular the influence of the existence of the explosion venting port and the back propagation of the impact wave blocked by the wall surface on the temperature distribution of the flow field in the visual explosion container. Meanwhile, the distribution of the temperature field after the inside of the visual explosion venting pipelines (7-1, 7-2 and 7-3) and the blocked explosion venting device 10 and the distribution characteristics of the flame temperature field after the explosion venting to the external flow field are collected. The full flow monitoring and research of the characteristic change of the temperature field in the gas-dust composite explosion discharge process are realized.
(12) The compressor 20 is started to purge the explosion products in the visualized explosion container 1 and the visualized explosion venting pipelines (7-1, 7-2 and 7-3) so as to realize replacement of the explosion products with external fresh air. After the completion, the explosion venting membrane 5 is replaced to expand the experiment of the lower group.
Advantageous effects
(1) The invention can realize the research on the key technical aspects of the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics characteristic and the explosion venting device performance test, and the key technical research of the explosion release dynamics characteristic and the explosion venting device performance test under the multi-parameter working condition.
(2) The invention can be combined with the coupling action process of the pressure field, the temperature field, the density field, the speed field and other physical fields inside and outside the visual explosion container and the explosion venting guide pipe to carry out whole-course complete monitoring and data acquisition, and can obtain the gas-dust composite explosion venting dynamics characteristic and the influence mechanism of multiple parameters on the coupling action process more accurately, intuitively and deeply.
(3) The invention can be used for researching the single-phase gas, single-phase solid and gas-solid two-phase composite explosion discharge dynamic characteristics and influencing factors, and can also be used for researching and detecting the performance of the single-phase or gas-solid multiphase combustible medium explosion discharge device.
(4) The invention can realize the sequence of the execution operation of each subsystem and the setting of the execution time and the interval time thereof by the self-programming control and data acquisition system, and ensure the accurate correspondence of the acquired multiple physical field parameter data such as pressure field, temperature field, density field, speed field and the like in space and time.
(5) Compared with the traditional experimental device, the invention has the characteristics of novel scheme design, diversity of experimental contents, more variable parameters, good visual effect, visual display of experimental results and the like, and provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the safety protection design of the explosion discharge of the petrochemical enterprise container.
(6) The invention has reasonable structure and stable performance, is easy to control and is convenient for carrying out the performance test of the explosion relief device on the explosion-related container and the pipeline of the industry and trade enterprises, and the research of influencing factors and influencing mechanisms.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a gas-dust complex explosion release dynamic characteristic and let out and explode performance test visualization device under multiparameter influence which characterized in that includes: the system comprises a visual explosion system, an ignition system, an air supply system, a powder spraying system, an explosion venting system, a pressure acquisition system, a temperature acquisition system, an image acquisition system, a schlieren acquisition system, an oil bath heating system, a synchronous controller (17) and a program control and data acquisition system (18);
The visual explosion system consists of a visual explosion container (1), a first container end cover flange (2-1) and a second container end cover flange (2-2) which are connected through bolts; the visual explosion container (1) is of a square container structure, and visual windows are arranged in front and back of the visual explosion container; the upper end of the visual explosion container (1) is provided with a first container end cover flange (2-1), and the lower end is provided with a second container end cover flange (2-2); a second vacuum pressure gauge (22-2) is arranged at the upper end of the first container end cover flange (2-1), the initial pressure in the visual explosion system is monitored, and a ball valve is arranged at the joint of the first container end cover flange and the second container end cover flange for protection; the left upper side of the visual explosion container (1) is connected with a ball valve and a vacuum pump (20), so that the set vacuum degree in the container is realized, and the initial pressure and the powder spraying pressure during initiation are regulated and controlled; the left lower side of the visual explosion container (1) is connected with a ball valve and a compressor (21), so that different initial pressures during detonation and purging of products after explosion are realized, and replacement of external fresh air and products in the container is realized;
the ignition system consists of an ignition electrode (4), an adjustable high-voltage igniter (11), a synchronous controller (17) and a program control and data acquisition system (18); the ignition electrode (4), the adjustable high-voltage igniter (11), the synchronous controller (17) and the program control and data acquisition system (18) are sequentially connected through lines; the ignition electrode (4) is arranged at the center of the left side wall surface of the visual explosion container (1) through threaded connection, and is arranged in the visual explosion container (1) through a wire electrode to perform high-voltage discharge ignition; the ignition position is changed by adjusting the length of the electrode wire; controlling ignition energy by an adjustable high-voltage igniter (11); the ignition electrode (4) is opened and closed by a program control and data acquisition system (18) and a synchronous controller (17);
The air supply system consists of a first air bottle air source (23-1), a second air bottle air source (23-2), a premixing tank (15) and a first vacuum pressure gauge (22-1); a first vacuum pressure gauge (22-1) is arranged at the top of the premixing tank (15) to measure the pressure of the premixing gas in the premixing tank, and the concentration of the premixing gas in the container can be configured through Dalton partial pressure law; the side wall is provided with a threaded hole and is connected with a first gas cylinder gas source (23-1), a second gas cylinder gas source (23-2) and a powder spraying system;
the powder spraying system consists of a Hartmann powder spraying device (3), a one-way valve (16), an electromagnetic valve (25), a synchronous controller (17), a program control and data acquisition system (18) and a pipeline; the Hartmann powder spraying device (3) is arranged on the end cover flange (2-2) of the second container and is connected with the one-way valve (16) and the electromagnetic valve (25) through a pipeline; the electromagnetic valve (25) is connected with the premixing tank (15) through a ball valve, dust is placed in a dust tank of the Hartmann powder spraying device (3), and high-pressure premixing gas lifts up the dust in the dust tank through a pipeline and uniformly disperses the dust in the visualized explosion container (1) through opening and closing the electromagnetic valve, so that a combustible mixed explosion medium with uniformly distributed gas and solid is formed;
the explosion venting system consists of an explosion venting guide pipe (26), an explosion venting membrane (5), an end face explosion venting flange (6), a first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), a second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2), a third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) and an explosion venting device (10); the right side of the visual explosion container (1) is provided with an explosion venting guide pipe (26), and an explosion venting membrane (5) is arranged at the port of the explosion venting guide pipe (26) and is tightly pressed by an end face explosion venting flange (6); the visual explosion venting pipeline is formed by connecting one or more of a first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), a second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2) and a third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) through bolts, and the specific length of the visual explosion venting pipeline is selected and installed according to actual test requirements; an explosion venting device (10) is arranged at one side port of the visual explosion venting pipeline;
The pressure acquisition system consists of a first high-frequency pressure sensor (8-1), a second high-frequency pressure sensor (8-2), a third high-frequency pressure sensor (8-3), a fourth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-4), a fifth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-5), a sixth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-6), a seventh high-frequency pressure sensor (8-7), an eighth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-8), a synchronous controller (17) and a program control and data acquisition system (18); the first high-frequency pressure sensor (8-1) is arranged in the upper central area of the first container end cover flange (2-1), and the internal pressure of the visual explosion container (1) changes along with time in the acquisition explosion venting process; the second high-frequency pressure sensor (8-2) is arranged on the wall surface of the explosion venting conduit (26) and is used for collecting the pressure change of the shock wave entering the conduit in the explosion venting process; the third high-frequency pressure sensor (8-3), the fourth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-4) and the fifth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-5) are arranged at equal intervals outside the explosion venting port, and the distribution change of an external pressure field after the explosion venting device is arranged after the release flame is transmitted to an external opening space is collected; the sixth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-6), the seventh high-frequency pressure sensor (8-7) and the eighth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-8) are arranged on the central wall surfaces of the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2) and the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3), and the pressure distribution of the collected flame after passing through the explosion venting pipeline changes;
The temperature acquisition system consists of a first high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-1), a second high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-2), a third high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-3), a fourth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-4), a fifth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-5), a sixth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-6), a seventh high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-7), an eighth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-8), a synchronous controller (17) and a program control and data acquisition system (18); the first high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-1) is arranged in the upper central area of the first container end cover flange (2-1) and is used for collecting the internal flame temperature change of the visual explosion container (1) in the explosion venting process; the second high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-2) is arranged on the wall surface of the explosion venting conduit (26) and is used for collecting the temperature change of flame entering the conduit in the explosion venting process; the third high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-3), the fourth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-4) and the fifth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-5) are arranged at equal intervals outside the explosion venting port, and the temperature distribution of the flame after the flame is transmitted to the external opening space and the influence of the explosion venting device (10) on the external temperature field are collected; the sixth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-6), the seventh high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-7) and the eighth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-8) are arranged on the central wall surfaces of the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2) and the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3), and the temperature distribution change of the explosion venting flame in the internal propagation process is collected; meanwhile, the high-speed infrared thermal imager (14) is combined to collect the distribution changes of the internal and external temperature fields of the visual explosion container (1), the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2) and the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) in the explosion venting process;
The image acquisition system consists of a high-speed camera (12), a synchronous controller (17) and a program control and data acquisition system (18); the high-speed shooting acquisition system can acquire images of the visual explosion container (1), the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2), the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) and the evolution and propagation characteristics of external flow field gas or gas/dust composite explosion flame, and judge whether the explosion venting device (10) is successful in fire resistance or not;
the schlieren acquisition system consists of a high-speed schlieren instrument (13), a synchronous controller (17) and a program control and data acquisition system (18); image acquisition is carried out on a visual explosion container (1), a first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), a second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2), a third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) and the microscopic flow field structure evolution and development process of an external flow field gas or gas/dust composite explosion venting process through a high-speed schlieren acquisition system;
the oil bath heating system consists of a jacket (19) and an oil bath heater (24); the premixing tank (15) is connected with an oil bath heater (24), and the outside of the premixing tank is provided with a jacket (19); the temperature of the oil bath in the jacket is controlled by the oil bath heater (24), so that the environment temperature of the premixed gas in the premixing tank (15) is changed, and the initial temperature in the process of gas-dust composite explosion in the visual explosion container (1) is regulated.
2. The visual device for testing the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics and explosion release performance under the influence of multiple parameters according to claim 1, wherein the visual device is characterized in that: in the explosion venting system, an explosion venting flange (6) at the port of an explosion venting guide pipe (26) is detached, an explosion venting membrane (5) is reserved, and one or more of a first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), a second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2) and a third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) and an explosion venting device (10) are arranged at the port of the explosion venting guide pipe (26); the membrane rupture pressure is changed by changing the thickness, the layer number and the material of the explosion venting membrane (5), and the membrane rupture pressure can obviously influence the change of explosion parameters in the explosion venting process; the maximum explosion pressure in the explosion venting and discharging pipe is increased along with the increase of the rupture pressure; based on experimental data and theoretical analysis, the relationship between the maximum pressure peak and the rupture pressure can be obtained as shown in the following formula:
（1）
wherein:xis the rupture pressure; y is the maximum explosion pressure value; it can be seen that the two are in a linear relationship.
3. The visual device for testing the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics and explosion release performance under the influence of multiple parameters according to claim 1, wherein the visual device is characterized in that: the dynamic characteristic research of the gas or gas/dust composite explosion discharge process under the influence of multiple parameters and the performance detection research of the explosion venting device under the condition of multiple working conditions are carried out, explosion venting and fire resistance success criteria are provided based on the dynamic characteristic research, and the judgment criteria are shown in a formula (3);
（3）
Wherein: dust concentrationcp, flame propagation speedv f Caliber of bleederD v Rupture pressure of membranesP stat Dimensionless quantityFα。
4. The visual device for testing the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics and explosion release performance under the influence of multiple parameters according to claim 1, wherein the visual device is characterized in that: the working process of the device is as follows:
(1) Installing a rupture membrane (5) and an end surface rupture flange (6) for determining rupture pressure and closing all valves; checking a gas-dust composite explosion release dynamic characteristic and explosion release performance test visualization device under the influence of multiple parameters, and guaranteeing that all systems and pipelines are well connected;
(2) If the influence of the installation of the explosion venting guide pipe on the internal and external flow fields of the visual explosion container (1) in the explosion venting process is researched, the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2) and the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) with different lengths are installed; in addition, if the performance test of the explosion venting device (10) is carried out, the explosion venting device is arranged at the end part of the visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3); then, the program control and data acquisition system is checked and debugged, so that the program control and data acquisition can be effectively and accurately carried out;
(3) Dust with determined quality is contained in the Hartmann powder spraying device (3), and a first container end cover flange (2-1) at the upper part of the visual explosion container (1) is fixed and sealed through bolts; if only gas-phase explosion discharge research is carried out, dust is not placed in the dust tank; if only single-phase dust explosion discharge research is carried out, the interior of the premixing tank (15) can only adopt air to raise dust;
(4) The premixing combustible gas with the required concentration is prepared in the premixing tank (15), so that the premixing gas in the premixing tank (15) lifts up dust in a dust tank of the Hartmann powder spraying device and is uniformly distributed in the visualized explosion container (1); ensuring that a predetermined initial pressure and a predetermined premix gas concentration are reached upon ignition; simultaneously, an oil bath heater (24) is started to realize the regulation and control of premixed gases with different initial explosion temperatures entering the visual explosion container (1); in addition, the powder injection pressure is monitored by a first vacuum pressure gauge (22-1);
(5) Opening a vacuum pump (20) and a valve connected with the visual explosion container (1) to realize different vacuum degrees in the visual explosion container (1), monitoring through a second vacuum pressure gauge (22-2) to realize regulation and control of different explosion initial pressures, and then closing the valve connected with the visual explosion container (1) by the vacuum pump (20);
(6) The adjustable high-voltage igniter (11) is controlled to ignite premixed gas or gas/dust composite explosion medium through the program control and data acquisition system (18) and the synchronous controller (17), and the discharge of different premixed gas or gas/dust composite explosions is realized through changing the characteristic parameters of the combustible gas and the dust, so that the research on the discharge dynamics characteristics of the gas-dust composite explosions and the performance test of the explosion discharge device under the influence of multiple parameters are realized.
5. The visual device for testing the gas-dust composite explosion release dynamics and explosion release performance under the influence of multiple parameters according to claim 4, wherein the visual device is characterized in that: the working process of the device also comprises the following steps:
(7) The system comprises a program control and data acquisition system (18) and a synchronous controller (17), and is arranged on a visual explosion container (1), an explosion venting guide pipe (26), a first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), a second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2), a third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) and a first high-frequency pressure sensor (8-1), a second high-frequency pressure sensor (8-2), a third high-frequency pressure sensor (8-3), a fourth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-4), a fifth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-5), a sixth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-6), a seventh high-frequency pressure sensor (8-7) and an eighth high-frequency pressure sensor (8-8), wherein the pressure values of the inside and the outside of the visual explosion container (1) and the pressure values of the inside of the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2) and the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) are acquired under different working conditions;
(8) The system comprises a program control and data acquisition system (18) and a synchronous controller (17), and is arranged on a visual explosion container (1), an explosion venting guide pipe (26), a first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), a second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2), a third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) and a first high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-1) of an external flow field, a second high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-2), a third high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-3), a fourth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-4), a fifth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-5), a sixth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-6), a seventh high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-7) and an eighth high-frequency temperature thermocouple (9-8), so as to acquire the flame values of the inside and outside of the visual explosion container (1) and the inside of the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2) and the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) under different working conditions;
(9) The starting of the high-speed camera (12) and the acquisition of image data are controlled by a program control and data acquisition system (18) and a synchronous controller (17); image acquisition is carried out on dust of premixed gas or gas/dust in the visual explosion container (1) and the flame form development process after ignition, and meanwhile, the explosion flame propagation characteristics of the explosion flame in the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2), the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) and the explosion venting device (10) after blocking the explosion flame are acquired and released to the external flow field space flame form development process; the full-flow monitoring and research of the gas-dust composite explosion release flame propagation characteristics are realized;
(10) The starting of the high-speed schlieren instrument (13) and the acquisition of image data are controlled by a program control and data acquisition system (18) and a synchronous controller (17); collecting the evolution process of a microscopic flow field structure after premixed gas or gas/dust in the visual explosion container (1) is ignited, and collecting the internal flow field microstructure of the visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2), the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) and the internal flow field microstructure of the visual explosion venting pipeline after the internal premixed gas or gas/dust is blocked by the explosion venting device (10) and the development process of the microscopic flow field microstructure of the external explosion venting; the full-flow monitoring and research of the microstructure of the gas-dust composite explosion discharge flow field are realized;
(11) The starting of the high-speed infrared thermal imager (14) and the acquisition of temperature data are controlled by a program control and data acquisition system (18) and a synchronous controller (17); the method comprises the steps of premixing dust in a visual explosion container (1) or gas/dust and igniting flame flow field temperature distribution change rules, and collecting distribution characteristics of the temperature fields after the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2), the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3) and a explosion venting device (10) block the temperature fields and the flame temperature fields after the explosion venting to an external flow field; the full flow monitoring and research of the characteristic change of the temperature field in the gas-dust composite explosion discharge process are realized;
(12) Starting a compressor (21) to purge explosion products in the visual explosion container (1), the first visual explosion venting pipeline (7-1), the second visual explosion venting pipeline (7-2) and the third visual explosion venting pipeline (7-3), so that the explosion products are replaced with external fresh air; after the completion, the explosion venting membrane (5) is replaced to carry out the following experiment.
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