CN115976851A - Composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: after the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is coated on the hydrophilic fabric, a carbon-based polymer porous membrane is formed by a water drop template method, and the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance is obtained, wherein the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution mainly comprises carbon-based nanoparticles, a polymer and a solvent; the product is as follows: comprising adjacent photothermal and substrate layers; the photothermal layer is a carbon-based polymer porous membrane which mainly comprises a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the smooth and hot layer is 10-100 μm, the average pore diameter is 1-10 μm, and the porosity is 65-95%; the polymer is a hydrophilic polymer or a hydrophobic polymer; the base layer is a hydrophilic fabric. The method is simple, and the prepared composite photothermal fabric has excellent mechanical properties, good stability and high-efficiency light-steam conversion capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental energy application, and relates to a composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The development of the current society and economy faces two major problems: the solar energy is absorbed by a photo-thermal material and converted into heat energy, the seawater or the wastewater is heated to generate steam, and the steam is condensed to realize the recovery of the fresh water. In recent years, interface light vapor conversion technology realizes more efficient light vapor conversion by locally applying heat to the surface of a water body.
Research shows that the porous structure on the surface of the interface light-steam conversion material is beneficial to the escape of water vapor, and can ensure high-efficiency light-steam conversion, thereby realizing sufficient fresh water recovery.
Chinese patent CN111285704A obtains a cellulose source carbon-based photothermal conversion material for seawater desalination by carbonizing a cellulose-based porous material prepared by freeze drying nanocellulose, and a rich porous network structure of the material can provide a channel for the escape of water vapor in the light vapor conversion process, but the interface light vapor conversion material has the disadvantages of complex preparation method, high cost and poor performance (when simulated seawater is treated, the water evaporation rate can only reach 1.211kg m to the maximum extent -2 h -1 The maximum light-steam conversion efficiency can only reach 84.78%), and the practical application difficulty is large.
Chinese patent CN 112898954A freeze-dries the cut pleurotus eryngii, then the freeze-dried pleurotus eryngii is placed in a photothermal conversion material modification reaction liquid, so that the photothermal conversion material is adsorbed on a porous structure of the pleurotus eryngii and the surface of the pleurotus eryngii, and finally the pleurotus eryngii based photothermal conversion material is obtained by freeze-drying.
Therefore, the durability of the light steam conversion material is not negligible while the escape of water vapor and the high-efficiency light steam conversion are ensured, which is very important for the practical application of the material in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a composite photothermal fabric having high evaporation performance and a method for preparing the same.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance comprises a photothermal layer and a substrate layer adjacent to the photothermal layer;
the photothermal layer is a carbon-based polymer porous membrane which mainly comprises a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the smooth and hot layer is 10-100 μm, the average pore diameter is 1-10 μm, and the porosity is 65-95%; the aperture of the photothermal layer is suitable, so that the optical trap on the surface of the photothermal layer is increased, the optical path is prolonged, the maximum capture and absorption of light rays are realized, and a channel can be provided for the escape of water vapor in the light vapor conversion process; the proper thickness of the photothermal layer is beneficial to realizing the maximum light absorption, the internal connectivity is reduced due to the overlarge thickness, so that the escape of steam is influenced, and the optical path is short due to the undersize thickness, so that the effective absorption of light is not facilitated; in addition, generally speaking, the higher the porosity, the better the internal connectivity, the more sufficient the absorption of light and the dissipation of vapor, which is beneficial to achieving greater light absorption;
the polymer is a hydrophilic polymer or a hydrophobic polymer; when the polymer is a hydrophilic polymer, the photothermal layer can be hydrophilic to accelerate salt ion reflux; when the polymer is a hydrophobic polymer, the photothermal layer can be hydrophobic and salt crystallization resistant, because the surface hydrophobicity hinders the transportation of the aqueous solution containing salt ions, thereby effectively hindering the deposition of salt;
the base layer is a hydrophilic fabric.
The middle and upper photothermal layers have the functions of increasing light absorption, dissipating steam and repelling salt (hydrophilic salt discharge), the carbon-based nanoparticles provide photothermal conversion, the lower basal layer has the function of hydrophilicity for facilitating water transportation, the flexible material is convenient to transport and store, the mechanical effect of the fabric is good, and the durability of the product is improved.
The invention has good light absorption performance, excellent water vapor dissipation capacity and high-efficiency water transportation performance, can ensure high-efficiency water evaporation, and in addition, the materials utilized by the invention are flexible and fabric and plastic polymers with excellent mechanical performance, thereby achieving excellent mechanical and service performance and meeting the actual requirements.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance has light absorption rate of over 90 percent and air permeability of 201-291 mm & s -1 Has a moisture permeability of 2983 to 3392 g.m -2 ·d -1 ；
The light-steam conversion efficiency of the composite photo-thermal fabric to pure water is 85.2-98.2%, and the water evaporation rate is 1.12-1.41 kg.m -2 ·h -1 ；
The composite photothermal fabric has a light-vapor conversion efficiency of 81.4 to 92.1% by weight with respect to a 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution and a water evaporation rate of 1.01 to 1.37kg m -2 ·h -1 ；
The recycling performance of the composite photo-thermal fabric is not less than 15 times.
The light-steam conversion efficiency of the composite photothermal fabric of the invention (81.4-92.1% of light-steam conversion efficiency of 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution) is superior to that of the currently disclosed photothermal fabric, the light-steam conversion efficiency of the three-dimensional porous seawater desalination thermal evaporation material disclosed in the prior art, such as patent CN111074534B, on seawater is more than 80%, the light-steam conversion efficiency of the three-dimensional porous seawater desalination thermal evaporation material disclosed in patent CN111074534B, on seawater of the material is more than 80%, the light-steam conversion efficiency of the three-dimensional porous seawater desalination thermal evaporation material disclosed in patent CN111074534B, in the subsequent description and the examples thereof, specific data of the light-steam conversion efficiency of seawater of the material is not more than 80%, and the light-steam conversion efficiency of the carbon black/cellulose composite photothermal material disclosed in patent CN111285704A, on seawater is not more than 84.78%, and the light-steam conversion efficiency of the three-dimensional aggregate simulated seawater disclosed in patent CN111645244A, for example, is only 86.5%;
the durability (recycling performance not less than 15 times) of the composite photothermal fabric of the present invention is superior to that of the photothermal fabric disclosed so far, most of the photothermal fabrics involved in the prior arts such as patent CN111074534B, patent CN113882154A, patent CN112980399A and patent CN111348708B are obtained by impregnation, deposition and loading treatment, and the photothermal particles hardly achieve good bonding force with the fabric, resulting in poor recycling performance of the photothermal fabric. The photo-thermal particles (carbon-based nanoparticles) are mixed with the polymer to form the porous membrane by a water drop template method, the photo-thermal particles are coated in the polymer and are difficult to fall off, and in addition, halogen elements in the polymer are easy to combine with-OH bonds in the fabric to form stable chemical bond combination, so that the recycling property of the photo-thermal fabric is greatly improved.
A composite photothermal fabric having high evaporation performance as described above, the base layer having an average pore size larger than that of the photothermal layer; the basal layer and the photothermal layer are both of porous structures, and when the average pore diameter of the basal layer is larger than that of the photothermal layer, the differential capillary effect is formed due to the difference of wicking pressure gradients from large pore diameters to small pore diameters of the upper layer and the lower layer, so that the directional water transportation from the water body to the basal layer and then to the photothermal layer can be realized.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance has the substrate layer with the thickness of 400-600 microns, the average pore diameter of 10-50 microns and the porosity of 80-99 percent; compared with the photothermal layer, the thicker base layer and the sufficient porosity are beneficial to the storage of water in the photothermal layer so as to facilitate the light evaporation, and the larger aperture is convenient to form a capillary differential effect with the small aperture of the photothermal layer so as to realize the directional transportation of the water.
According to the composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance, the carbon-based nanoparticles are more than one of carbon black, graphene oxide, redox graphene and carbon nanotubes; the carbon-based nanoparticles are natural black and are suitable for broadband solar energy absorption, the absorption of solar energy by the carbon-based nanoparticles comprises the excitation of electrons and subsequent relaxation, and the scattering between electrons and phonons enables the electrons excited by light to be rapidly thermalized to generate heat energy, so that the carbon-based nanoparticles are low in cost and good in processability.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance is prepared by using more than one polymer selected from the group consisting of a poly (styrene-co-butadiene), polydimethylsiloxane, polystyrene, polysulfone resin, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, cellulose acetate, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance is characterized in that the hydrophilic fabric is cotton fabric, spandex fabric, viscose fiber fabric, modal fiber fabric, lyocell fiber fabric, bamboo fiber fabric, wool fabric, polyester fabric subjected to hydrophilic treatment, acrylic fabric subjected to hydrophilic treatment, nylon fabric subjected to hydrophilic treatment, aramid fabric subjected to hydrophilic treatment or carbon fiber fabric subjected to hydrophilic treatment, and the hydrophilic treatment can be performed in a manner of graft copolymerization or in a manner of blending with hydrophilic substances, compounding and the like.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance is characterized in that the polymer is a polypropylene-ethylene-butadiene copolymer, and the hydrophilic fabric is a cotton fabric; or the polymer is polystyrene, and the hydrophilic fabric is cotton fabric; or the polymer is cellulose acetate, and the hydrophilic fabric is modal fiber fabric; or the polymer is polyphenylene ether sulfone, and the hydrophilic fabric is lyocell fabric; or the polymer is hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the hydrophilic fabric is aramid fiber fabric subjected to hydrophilization treatment; the polymer and the hydrophilic fabric are selected in such a way, so that the polymer and the hydrophilic fabric are combined by chemical bonds in the preparation process, the binding force between the photothermal layer and the substrate layer is improved, and the cyclic usability of the product is improved.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance, which comprises the steps of coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the hydrophilic fabric, and forming the carbon-based polymer porous membrane by a water drop template method to obtain the composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance, wherein the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution mainly comprises the carbon-based nanoparticles, the polymer and a solvent; the solvent is acetone, chloroform, dimethylformamide, toluene, ethylene glycol and the like.
The photothermal layer prepared by the water drop template method has a hierarchical porous structure, so that the photothermal fabric has certain advantages in two important performance indexes of light absorption rate (holes are beneficial to prolonging the path of light and reducing the reflection of light) and light steam conversion efficiency (the porous structure can reduce the loss of light energy and promote the escape of water steam).
As a preferred technical scheme:
in the above method, the preparation process of the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is as follows:
(1) Adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring for 1-5 hours at the rotating speed of 1000-5000 r/min and the temperature of 30-50 ℃ to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution is 50-300 g/L;
(2) Adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 1-6 h, and then performing ultrasonic treatment for 10-60 min to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 5-50 g/L.
The method comprises the following specific processes: ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper (the mixed solution is required to be uniform and flat in thickness on the surface of the fabric), and then quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 20-60 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-99% for standing for 0.5-5 h to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the mechanism of pore forming of the composite photo-thermal fabric in a high-humidity environment is mainly as follows: the mixed solution coated on the surface of the fabric has a volatile solvent, the temperature of the surface of the carbon-based layer is reduced in the volatilization process, so that water vapor in a high-humidity environment is condensed into water drops on the surface of the mixed solution and is assembled into a water drop array with a closed arrangement structure under various action conditions, and after the composite photo-thermal fabric leaves the high-humidity environment, a honeycomb porous ordered structure is formed on the surface of the polymer layer of the fabric due to the evaporation of surface water drops. In the process, the pore-forming condition of the surface of the carbon-based composite fabric can be influenced by the difference of the size of polymer molecules, the volatility of a solvent, the concentration of the polymer and the environment.
Advantageous effects
(1) Compared with other materials or interface light-steam conversion materials with closed surfaces, the composite photo-thermal fabric has the advantages that the aperture of the surface of the composite photo-thermal fabric can provide an escape channel for water vapor generated in the light-steam conversion process, so that the light-steam conversion efficiency can be increased firstly, and convenience can be provided for subsequent water vapor condensation and recovery secondly;
(2) The prepared composite photo-thermal fabric has excellent light absorption capacity, the carbon-based nanoparticles have high-efficiency light absorption performance and good photo-thermal conversion effect, absorbed light energy can be converted into heat energy, in addition, the aperture of the composite photo-thermal fabric can increase optical traps, prolong the optical path, increase the refraction and reflection of light on the surface, increase the capturing capacity of light and realize the maximum absorption effect of light;
(3) The preparation method is simple, and the material cost is low;
(4) The water drop template method used by the invention can realize effective regulation and control of the surface aperture and hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the composite photo-thermal fabric through the change of materials and process parameters, and has strong designability;
(5) The preparation method of the invention completes the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regulation of the photothermal layer through the selection of the polymer material, thereby realizing the multifunctionality of the composite photothermal fabric in practical application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of preparing a composite photothermal fabric of example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a microscopic view of a composite photothermal fabric prepared in example 4 of the present invention, in which a is a side view of the composite photothermal fabric, b is a side view of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane, c is a front view of the fabric, d is a surface microscopic view of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane, and e and f are partially enlarged schematic views of d.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The detection method of the related performance of the composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance prepared in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method for detecting the light absorption rate of the composite photo-thermal fabric comprises the following steps: testing the light absorption capacity of a material sample in a spectral range of 250-2500 nm by adopting an ultraviolet spectrophotometer with a type of Hitachi UV 3600;
the detection method of the air permeability of the composite photothermal fabric comprises the following steps: the air permeability is detected by a full-automatic air permeability instrument (YG 461H), the test pressure is 200Pa, and the test area is 20cm 2 Each sample was tested 5 times and the average was taken as the permeability of the sample;
the method for detecting the moisture permeability of the composite photothermal fabric comprises the following steps: testing by adopting a moisture permeameter (model number is YG 601H) according to the standard GB/T12704.1; wherein the sample is 70mm 2 The temperature of the moisture permeable box is 38 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the air flow velocity is 0.5m/s; each sample was tested at least 5 times and the average was taken;
the detection method of the water evaporation rate of pure water comprises the following steps: floating a material sample with specification of 2 × 2cm on the water surface in a beaker through foam (non-woven fabric wrapped foam with excellent hygroscopicity), placing the beaker on an electronic balance below a light source, and recording the sun light intensity (1 kW/m) according to a certain rule by connecting the electronic balance with a computer 2 ) The mass loss of pure water in the beaker in the next 60 minutes was then calculated and the mass loss of pure water per unit area of the material sample was calculated in kg m -2 (ii) a The light source was switched off and the mass loss of pure water per unit area of the material sample in kg m in the dark field environment in 60 minutes was recorded in the same way -2 (ii) a Finally, calculating the evaporation rate of the pure water according to the mass loss difference of the pure water in the bright field and the dark field of the material sample in unit time, wherein the unit is kg m -2 h -1 ；
The detection method of the light-steam conversion efficiency of pure water comprises the following steps: in the process of testing the water evaporation rate of the pure water, under the illumination condition, the change of the surface temperature of the material is recorded by a thermocouple along with the time, and the light-steam conversion efficiency eta is calculated according to the following formula:
ΔH＝ΔH water +ΔH vapor ；
wherein m is the steam flux in kg.m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a Δ H is the total enthalpy of the liquid vapor phase change, including the sensible enthalpy change Δ H of the water water And latent heat of phase change Δ H vapor (unit: J/g); a is the area of the fabric sample that receives solar illumination; q. q.s Solar Is the intensity of the solar radiation;
the detection method of the light-steam conversion efficiency of the NaCl aqueous solution comprises the following steps: basically the same test as the test for the light-steam conversion efficiency of pure water, except that a NaCl aqueous solution is used in the detection process;
the detection method of the water evaporation rate of the NaCl aqueous solution comprises the following steps: basically the same water evaporation rate test for pure water as described above, except that an aqueous NaCl solution was used in the detection;
the detection method of the recycling times of the composite photothermal fabric comprises the following steps: after the water evaporation rate or the light steam conversion efficiency is tested for one time, the material sample is taken out, cleaned, kept stand and dried, and then the next test is continued until the surface of the sample is damaged or the test result is obviously reduced, and the times of the material sample cycle test are recorded.
Example 1
A method for preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials:
carbon-based nanoparticles: carbon nanotubes (the manufacturer is Shanghai Baiyan industries, ltd., brand number C311);
polymer (b): polydimethylsiloxane (manufactured by Aladdin Chemicals Ltd., trade name P195721-50 g);
hydrophilic fabric: hydrophilized carbon fiber fabric (manufactured by Shanghai color cotton textile Co., ltd., gram weight of 50 g/m) 2 )；
Solvent: acetone (manufactured by Aladdin Chemicals, inc.);
(2) Preparing a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution:
(2.1) adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring for 5 hours at 40 ℃ at the rotating speed of 1000r/min to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution was 50g/L;
(2.2) adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 2 hours, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 5g/L;
(3) Preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric:
and (2) ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper, and quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 70% for standing for 5 hours (a water drop template method), so as to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance prepared by the method consists of a carbon-based polymer porous membrane and a hydrophilic fabric, wherein the carbon-based polymer porous membrane mainly consists of a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane is 15 mu m, the average pore diameter is 10 mu m, and the porosity is 95 percent; the thickness of the hydrophilic fabric is 400 μm, the average pore diameter is 20 μm, and the porosity is 86%;
the light absorptivity of the composite photo-thermal fabric is 90%, and the air permeability is 291mm & s -1 The moisture permeability is 3392 g.m -2 ·d -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency for pure water was 86.7%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.16kg · m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency of the NaCl aqueous solution was 83.1% by weight and the water evaporation rate was 1.08kg m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The number of recycling times of the composite photothermal fabric is 15.
Example 2
A method for preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials:
carbon-based nanoparticles: graphene oxide (manufacturer is Teng Hui metal materials Limited, qinghe county, brand number 10012);
polymer (b): polyetherimide (manufactured by Ron chemical Co., ltd., trade name 700207-250 g);
hydrophilic fabric: hydrophilized nylon fabric (the manufacturer is Tungxiang Ailigen textile Co., ltd., gram weight is 45g/m 2 )；
Solvent: ethylene glycol (manufactured by Ron chemical Co., ltd.);
(2) Preparing a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution:
(2.1) adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring at the rotating speed of 3000r/min at 50 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution was 70g/L;
(2.2) adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 3 hours, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 10g/L;
(3) Preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric:
and (2) ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper, and quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65% for standing for 2 hours (a water drop template method), so as to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance prepared by the method consists of a carbon-based polymer porous membrane and a hydrophilic fabric, wherein the carbon-based polymer porous membrane mainly consists of a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane is 20 mu m, the average pore diameter is 9 mu m, and the porosity is 95 percent; the thickness of the hydrophilic fabric is 400 μm, the average pore diameter is 40 μm, and the porosity is 92%;
the light absorptivity of the composite photo-thermal fabric is 92.3%, and the air permeability is 283mm s -1 Moisture permeability of 3304 g.m -2 ·d -1 (ii) a The light-steam conversion efficiency for pure water was 98.2%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.37kg · m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency of the NaCl aqueous solution was 92.1% by weight and the water evaporation rate was 1.21kg m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The number of recycling times of the composite photothermal fabric is 15.
Example 3
A method for preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials:
carbon-based nanoparticles: redox graphene (manufacturer is Teng Hui metal materials Limited, qinghe county, under the trade name XF 248-7440-44-0);
polymer (b): polyphenylene ether sulfone (manufactured by Shanghai Bohr chemical Co., ltd., trade name CB 5945326);
hydrophilic fabric: bamboo fiber fabric (Jiangsu carnation weaving Co., ltd., gram weight of 50g/m 2 )；
Solvent: dimethylformamide (Shanghai Bohr chemical Co., ltd.);
(2) Preparing a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution:
(2.1) adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 2500r/min and the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution was 100g/L;
(2.2) adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 1h, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 20g/L;
(3) Preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric:
and (2) ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper, and quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 40 ℃ and the relative humidity of 78% for standing for 3 hours (a water drop template method), so as to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance prepared by the method consists of a carbon-based polymer porous membrane and a hydrophilic fabric, wherein the carbon-based polymer porous membrane mainly consists of a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane is 30 μm, the average pore diameter is 7.5 μm, and the porosity is 94%; the thickness of the hydrophilic fabric is 430 μm, the average pore diameter is 50 μm, and the porosity is 99%;
the light absorptivity of the composite photo-thermal fabric is 93.1%, and the air permeability is 274mm s -1 Moisture permeability of 3265 g.m -2 ·d -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency for pure water was 96.4%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.41kg · m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency of the NaCl aqueous solution was 90.1% by weight and the water evaporation rate was 1.37kg m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The number of recycling times of the composite photothermal fabric is 15.
Example 4
A method for preparing a composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials:
carbon-based nanoparticles: carbon black (manufactured by Jiaxing Nake New Material Co., ltd., brand name SCC-8-8-1);
polymer (b): poly (styrene-co-butadiene) (manufactured by Aladdin Chemicals Inc., trade name P304889);
hydrophilic fabric: cotton fabric (manufacturer is Dai Union textile Co., ltd., gram weight 60g/m 2 )；
Solvent: chloroform (manufactured by Aladdin Chemicals, inc.);
(2) Preparing a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution:
(2.1) adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring at the rotating speed of 1000r/min at 30 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution was 120g/L;
(2.2) adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 4 hours, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 30g/L;
(3) Preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric:
and (2) ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper, and quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 99% for standing for 1h (a water drop template method), so as to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance prepared by the method is composed of a carbon-based polymer porous membrane and a hydrophilic fabric as shown in fig. 2, wherein the carbon-based polymer porous membrane mainly comprises a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane is 40 μm, the average pore diameter is 7 μm, and the porosity is 93%; the thickness of the hydrophilic fabric is 450 mu m, the average pore diameter is 25 mu m, and the porosity is 88%;
the light absorption rate of the composite photo-thermal fabric is 94.3%, and the air permeability is 262mm s -1 Moisture permeability of 3198 g.m -2 ·d -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency of pure water was 93.3%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.41 kg. M -2 ·h -1 (ii) a To 3.5wt%The light-vapor conversion efficiency of the NaCl aqueous solution was 87.5%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.25 kg. M -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The number of recycling times of the composite photothermal fabric is 16.
Example 5
A method for preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials:
carbon-based nanoparticles: a mixture of carbon black (manufacturer is new materials of Jiaxinacae, inc., and the brand is SCC-8-8-1) and carbon nanotubes (manufacturer is Baiyan industries, inc., shanghai, and the brand is C311) in a mass ratio of 1;
polymer (b): polystyrene (manufactured by Ron chemical Co., ltd., brand R027658-100 g);
hydrophilic fabric: cotton fabric (Shanghai color cotton textile Co., ltd., gram weight 50 g/m) 2 )；
Solvent: chloroform (Ron chemical Co., ltd, manufacturer);
(2) Preparing a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution:
(2.1) adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring at the rotating speed of 2000r/min for 5 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution was 130g/L;
(2.2) adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 1h, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 40g/L;
(3) Preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric:
and (2) ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper, and quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 80% for standing for 1h (a water drop template method), so as to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance prepared by the method consists of a carbon-based polymer porous membrane and a hydrophilic fabric, wherein the carbon-based polymer porous membrane mainly consists of a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane is 50 μm, the average pore diameter is 6 μm, and the porosity is 85%; the thickness of the hydrophilic fabric is 450 mu m, the average pore diameter is 35 mu m, and the porosity is 90 percent;
the light absorptivity of the composite photo-thermal fabric is 95.6%, and the air permeability is 241mm s -1 The moisture permeability is 3163 g.m -2 ·d -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency for pure water was 92.1%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.32kg · m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency of the NaCl aqueous solution was 83.3% by weight and the water evaporation rate was 1.17kg m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The number of recycling times of the composite photothermal fabric is 18.
Example 6
A method for preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials:
carbon-based nanoparticles: redox graphene (manufacturer is Teng Hui metal materials Limited, qinghe county, under the trade name XF 248-7440-44-0);
polymer (b): cellulose acetate (manufactured by Shanghai Bohr chemical Co., ltd., brand number C804765);
hydrophilic fabric: modal fiber fabric (the manufacturer is Tung Xiang Elegano textile Co., ltd., gram weight of 40g/m 2 )；
Solvent: acetone (manufactured by Shanghai Bohr chemical Co., ltd.);
(2) Preparing a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution:
(2.1) adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 4000r/min at the temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution was 180g/L;
(2.2) adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 6 hours, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40 minutes to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 45g/L;
(3) Preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric:
and (3) ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper, and quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 35 ℃ and the relative humidity of 87% for standing for 3.5 hours (a water drop template method), so as to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance prepared by the method consists of a carbon-based polymer porous membrane and a hydrophilic fabric, wherein the carbon-based polymer porous membrane mainly consists of a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane is 60 mu m, the average pore diameter is 5 mu m, and the porosity is 80 percent; the thickness of the hydrophilic fabric is 500 mu m, the average pore diameter is 45 mu m, and the porosity is 95 percent;
the light absorptivity of the composite photothermal fabric is 97.1%, and the air permeability is 231mm s -1 The moisture permeability is 3065 g.m -2 ·d -1 (ii) a The light-steam conversion efficiency for pure water was 90.3%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.28kg · m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency with respect to the 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution was 87.5%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.11kg m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The number of recycling times of the composite photothermal fabric was 17.
Example 7
A method for preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials:
carbon-based nanoparticles: carbon nanotubes (the manufacturer is a new material Co., ltd., jiaxing Nake under the brand name SCC-8-8-1);
polymer (b): polyphenylene ether sulfone (manufactured by Aladdin Chemicals, inc., trade name CB 5945326);
hydrophilic fabric: lyocell fiber fabric (manufactured by Jiangsu carnation weaving Co., ltd., gram weight 70 g/m) 2 )；
Solvent: toluene (manufactured by Aladdin Chemicals, inc.);
(2) Preparing a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution:
(2.1) adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 3000r/min and the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution was 200g/L;
(2.2) adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 2 hours, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 60 minutes to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 45g/L;
(3) Preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric:
and (3) ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper, and quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 45 ℃ and the relative humidity of 85% for standing for 4 hours (a water drop template method), so as to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance prepared by the method consists of a carbon-based polymer porous membrane and a hydrophilic fabric, wherein the carbon-based polymer porous membrane mainly consists of a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane is 80 μm, the average pore diameter is 3 μm, and the porosity is 70%; the thickness of the hydrophilic fabric is 600 μm, the average pore diameter is 10 μm, and the porosity is 80%;
the light absorptivity of the composite photo-thermal fabric is 98.6%, and the air permeability is 218mm s -1 Moisture permeability of 3002 g.m -2 ·d -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency for pure water was 89.2%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.23kg · m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The light-vapor conversion efficiency with respect to the 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution was 84.6%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.09kg m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The number of recycling times of the composite photothermal fabric is 16.
Example 8
A method for preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials:
carbon-based nanoparticles: a mixture of carbon black (manufacturer is a new material company Limited in Jiaxinacae, and the trade name is SCC-8-8-1) and graphene oxide (manufacturer is a Tenghui metal material company Limited in Qinghe county, and the trade name is XF 248-7440-44-0) in a mass ratio of 1;
polymer (b): hydroxypropyl cellulose (manufactured by rahn chemical limited under the designation SJ 00135741395);
hydrophilic fabric: hydrophilized aramid fiber fabric (manufacturer is Dai Union textile Co., ltd., gram weight 60g/m 2 )；
Solvent: dimethylformamide (Ron chemical Co., ltd, manufacturer);
(2) Preparing a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution:
(2.1) adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring for 1h at the rotating speed of 5000r/min at the temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution was 300g/L;
(2.2) adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 3 hours, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50 minutes to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 50g/L;
(3) Preparing a composite photo-thermal fabric:
and (2) ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper, and quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 60 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95% for standing for 0.5h (a water drop template method), so as to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance prepared by the method consists of a carbon-based polymer porous membrane and a hydrophilic fabric, wherein the carbon-based polymer porous membrane mainly consists of a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the carbon-based polymer porous membrane is 100 mu m, the average pore diameter is 1 mu m, and the porosity is 65%; the thickness of the hydrophilic fabric is 600 μm, the average pore diameter is 15 μm, and the porosity is 83%;
the light absorptivity of the composite photo-thermal fabric is 99.5%, and the air permeability is 201mm s -1 Has a moisture permeability of 2983 g.m -2 ·d -1 (ii) a The light-steam conversion efficiency for pure water was 85.2%, and the water evaporation rate was 1.12kg · m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a (ii) the light vapor conversion efficiency for the 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution was 81.4%, waterThe evaporation rate is 1.01 kg.m -2 ·h -1 (ii) a The number of recycling times of the composite photothermal fabric is 18.
Claims (10)
1. A composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance is characterized by comprising a photothermal layer and a substrate layer adjacent to the photothermal layer;
the photothermal layer is a carbon-based polymer porous membrane which mainly comprises a polymer and carbon-based nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer; the thickness of the smooth and hot layer is 10-100 μm, the average pore diameter is 1-10 μm, and the porosity is 65-95%;
the polymer is a hydrophilic polymer or a hydrophobic polymer;
the base layer is a hydrophilic fabric.
2. The composite photothermal fabric having high evaporation performance according to claim 1, wherein the light absorption rate of the composite photothermal fabric is more than 90%, and the air permeability is 201 to 291 mm-s -1 Has a moisture permeability of 2983 to 3392 g.m -2 ·d -1 ；
The light-steam conversion efficiency of the composite photo-thermal fabric to pure water is 85.2-98.2%, and the water evaporation rate is 1.12-1.41 kg.m -2 ·h -1 ；
The composite photothermal fabric has a light-vapor conversion efficiency of 81.4 to 92.1% by weight with respect to a 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution and a water evaporation rate of 1.01 to 1.37kg m -2 ·h -1 ；
The recycling frequency of the composite photo-thermal fabric is not less than 15 times.
3. The composite photothermal fabric having high evaporation performance according to claim 1, wherein the average pore size of the base layer is larger than that of the photothermal layer; the thickness of the substrate layer is 400-600 μm, the average pore diameter is 10-50 μm, and the porosity is 80-99%.
4. The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance according to claim 1, wherein the carbon-based nanoparticles are one or more of carbon black, graphene oxide, redox graphene and carbon nanotubes.
5. The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is one or more of a poly (vinyl styrene-co-butadiene), polydimethylsiloxane, polystyrene, polysulfone resin, poly (ether sulfone), polyetherimide, cellulose acetate, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
6. The composite photothermal fabric having high evaporation performance according to claim 5, wherein the hydrophilic fabric is a cotton fabric, a spandex fabric, a viscose fabric, a modal fabric, a lyocell fabric, a bamboo fabric, a wool fabric, a polyester fabric subjected to hydrophilization treatment, an acrylic fabric subjected to hydrophilization treatment, a nylon fabric subjected to hydrophilization treatment, an aramid fabric subjected to hydrophilization treatment or a carbon fiber fabric subjected to hydrophilization treatment.
7. The composite photothermal fabric with high evaporation performance according to claim 6, wherein the polymer is a poly (ethylene-propylene-butadiene) copolymer, and the hydrophilic fabric is a cotton fabric; or the polymer is polystyrene, and the hydrophilic fabric is cotton fabric; or the polymer is cellulose acetate, and the hydrophilic fabric is modal fiber fabric; or the polymer is polyphenylene ether sulfone, and the hydrophilic fabric is lyocell fabric; or the polymer is hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the hydrophilic fabric is aramid fiber fabric subjected to hydrophilization treatment.
8. The method for preparing the composite photothermal fabric having high evaporation performance according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the composite photothermal fabric having high evaporation performance is obtained by forming the carbon-based polymer porous membrane by a water drop template method after coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the hydrophilic fabric, wherein the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution mainly comprises the carbon-based nanoparticles, the polymer and a solvent.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is prepared by:
(1) Adding the polymer into a solvent, and stirring for 1-5 hours at the rotating speed of 1000-5000 r/min and the temperature of 30-50 ℃ to obtain a polymer solution; the concentration of the polymer in the polymer solution is 50-300 g/L;
(2) Adding the carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer solution, stirring for 1-6 h, and then performing ultrasonic treatment for 10-60 min to obtain a carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution; the concentration of the carbon-based nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution is 5-50 g/L.
10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the specific process is as follows: and (2) ironing and finishing the hydrophilic fabric, coating the carbon-based nanoparticle/polymer mixed solution on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric by using a scraper, and quickly placing the hydrophilic fabric into a closed environment with the temperature of 20-60 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-99% for standing for 0.5-5 h to obtain the composite photo-thermal fabric with high evaporation performance.
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