CN109721893A - From the heat-insulated water guide material and its preparation method and application of floating - Google Patents
From the heat-insulated water guide material and its preparation method and application of floating Download PDFInfo
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- CN109721893A CN109721893A CN201811473540.6A CN201811473540A CN109721893A CN 109721893 A CN109721893 A CN 109721893A CN 201811473540 A CN201811473540 A CN 201811473540A CN 109721893 A CN109721893 A CN 109721893A
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- water guide
- photothermal conversion
- insulated water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of heat-insulated water guide materials and its preparation method and application from floating.Heat-insulated water guide material of the present invention, it includes crosslinking agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone and heat-barrier materials.The present invention also provides the preparation methods of heat-insulated water guide material, and it includes following step: (1) crosslinking agent and the polyvinylpyrrolidone being mixed to get mixed-powder；(2) mixed-powder is dissolved in organic solvent, obtains casting solution；(3) casting solution is added in heat-barrier material and obtains slurry；(4) slurry is suppressed, then carries out inversion of phases and obtains heat-insulated water guide material.It is of the present invention sufficiently to combine the gap between the heat-proof quality of heat-barrier material and crosslinking agent and the water conductivity function of macromolecule network from the heat-insulated water guide material of floating, it is integrated with heat-insulated and water guide performance, the photo-thermal evaporation efficiency of photothermal conversion materiat can be effectively promoted, and there is enough mechanical strengths and excellent reusing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of composite material, and in particular to a kind of heat-insulated water guide material and its preparation from floating
Methods and applications.
Background technique
With the development of human society, shortage of water resources has become one of Global Environmental Problems.Water and water quality type lack
The dual quagmire of water threatens the population in the whole world nearly 4,000,000,000, restricts the development of human society, especially social economy is not sent out
It reaches, the area of natural resources scarcity.Therefore, in face of global energy crisis, a kind of low energy consumption, easily universal water purification side are explored
Method becomes a kind of urgent need.The Natural Circulation of water is a kind of quotidian natural phenomena, has forgiven most generation extensively
Purification of water quality process, and solar energy water is exactly the basic driving force of Natural Circulation.Photothermal conversion is exactly the mankind to nature
The study and reinforcing of process, possess highest transformation efficiency and human society utilizes the main form of solar energy.Therefore
The evaporation for how efficiently utilizing solar energy enhanced water, promotes the quality of water, possesses extensive research and application prospect.
Currently, photothermal conversion field focuses mainly on the improvement and preparation of extinction and photothermal conversion materiat.Main photo-thermal
Evaporation material have the nano-fluids such as noble metal such as gold, silver and these nano particles further assemble constituted based on plasma
The system of excimer effect.In addition to noble metal, the inorganic nano materials such as carbon-based material such as carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene (GO) and
The macroscopic view floating carbon material further assembled also has good photothermal conversion performance.Although some materials possess average 90%
Above solar spectral absorbability, but the efficiency in the irradiation of actual sunlight and the application of big water body is still insufficient,
It is mainly due to the heat for failing to make full use of photothermal conversion materiat fixed.Therefore, thermal management is walked as photothermal conversion materiat
A step important to practical application.Therefore, scholar proposes many porous materials to reduce heat transfer of the material to water body；Also have
Person is by preferably keeping heat-proof quality during maintaining water transmission for heat-barrier material and water-absorbent material combination.But these
The preparation process of material is complicated, and mechanical strength is lower, still there is biggish gap from large-scale application.
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, the problem of technology solved by the invention is that in the prior art, the preparation process of heat-insulated water guide material is multiple
It is miscellaneous, mechanical strength is lower, still have biggish gap from large-scale application.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of heat-insulated water guide material, the heat-insulated water permeable materials
Material is the heat-insulated water guide material based on thermal management, can effectively realize the balance between thermal management and water transmission, avoid
More water transmission cause unnecessary thermal loss, provide theoretical and material foundation for the application of material in practice.
The present invention provides the heat-insulated water guide materials, and it includes crosslinking agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone and heat-barrier materials.
The present invention provides the preparation methods of heat-insulated water guide material, and it includes following step:
(1) crosslinking agent and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed to get mixed-powder；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dissolved in organic solvent, obtains casting solution；
(3) casting solution described in step (2) is added in heat-barrier material and obtains slurry；
(4) slurry described in step (3) is suppressed, then carries out inversion of phases and obtains heat-insulated water guide material.
The present invention provides application of the heat-insulated water guide material in solar energy heat conversion device.
The present invention also provides a kind of photothermal conversion devices, and it includes heat-insulated water guide materials described above.
Specifically, the invention proposes following technical solutions.
The present invention provides a kind of heat-insulated water guide materials, and it includes crosslinking agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone and heat-barrier materials.
Preferably, for heat-barrier material described above, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from cellulose acetate, gathers inclined fluorine
One of ethylene or polyacrylonitrile.
Preferably, for heat-insulated water guide material described above, wherein the heat-barrier material is selected from hollow glass micropearl
Or one of polyethylene microballoon, it is preferred that the partial size of the heat-barrier material is 10-120 μm, is more preferably 30-90 μm, more excellent
It is selected as 55-90 μm.
Preferably, for heat-insulated water guide material described above, wherein the matter of the crosslinking agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone
Amount is more preferably 1:0.0625-0.3125 than being 1:0.01-0.4, preferably 1:0.05-0.35.
Preferably, for heat-insulated water guide material described above, wherein the quality of the crosslinking agent and the heat-barrier material
Than being more preferably 1:1.31-2.84 for 1:0.7-8.56, preferably 1:1.31-4.88.
Preferably, for heat-insulated water guide material described above, wherein the heat-insulated water guide material is by containing crosslinking
The heat-insulated water guide material with three-dimensional net structure that the mixture of agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone and heat-barrier material obtains；It is preferred that
The heat-insulated water guide material is obtained by carrying out inversion of phases to the mixture.
Preferably, for heat-insulated water guide material described above, wherein the heat-insulated water guide material is by the inclusion of following steps
Rapid method is prepared:
(1) crosslinking agent and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed to get mixed-powder；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dissolved in organic solvent, obtains casting solution；
(3) casting solution described in step (2) is added in heat-barrier material and obtains slurry；
(4) slurry described in step (3) is suppressed, then carries out inversion of phases and obtains heat-insulated water guide material.
The present invention provides the preparation methods of heat-insulated water guide material described above, and it includes following step:
(1) crosslinking agent and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed to get mixed-powder；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dissolved in organic solvent, obtains casting solution；
(3) casting solution described in step (2) is added in heat-barrier material and obtains slurry；
(4) slurry described in step (3) is suppressed, then carries out inversion of phases and obtains heat-insulated water guide material.
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein in step (2), the organic solvent is selected from N, N-
One or more of dimethyl acetamide, acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide.
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein the mass ratio of the crosslinking agent and organic solvent is 5-
25:100, preferably 8-24:100 are more preferably 14.8-23.5:100.
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein in step (2), before obtaining casting solution, also wrap
Containing mixed-powder is stirred, ultrasound and the step of deaeration.
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein the time of the stirring is 10-15 hours.
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein the time of the ultrasound is 30-60 minutes.
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein the time of the deaeration is 24-48 hours, preferably
36-48 hours.
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein in step (3), the casting solution and heat-barrier material
Ratio is 2.5-7ml:1g, preferably 2.85-4ml:1g.
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein in step (4), the pressure of the compacting is 0.01-
4Mpa, preferably 0.10-2Mpa are more preferably 0.5-2Mpa；Preferably, the time of the compacting is 0.5-20min, preferably
0.5-5min。
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein in step (4), the time of the inversion of phases is 20-
40 hours.
Preferably, for preparation method described above, wherein the inversion of phases carries out in water bath with thermostatic control, the perseverance
The temperature of temperature is 20-45 DEG C.
The present invention provides the obtained heat-insulated water guide materials of heat-insulated water guide material described above or above-mentioned preparation method
Application in solar energy heat conversion device.
The present invention provides a kind of photothermal conversion devices, and it includes heat-insulated water guide material described above or above-mentioned preparation sides
The obtained heat-insulated water guide material of method.
Preferably, for photothermal conversion device described above, wherein the photothermal conversion device also includes photothermal conversion
Film material, it is preferred that the photothermal conversion film material is selected from the photothermal conversion film for not needing support or uses fid
Expect the photothermal conversion film of support.
Preferably, for photothermal conversion device described above, wherein the backing material is selected from non-woven fabrics, water suction
One of paper, dust-free paper or filter paper.
Preferably, for photothermal conversion device described above, wherein the heat-insulated water guide material and the photothermal conversion
Film material is combined by way of package, stickup or fitting, either by the photothermal conversion powder body material spin coating or spraying
On the heat-insulated water guide material, it is preferred that the photothermal conversion powder is selected from reduced graphene, graphite, active carbon, carbon black
Or one of carbon nanotube.
Preferably, for photothermal conversion device described above, wherein the photothermal conversion device is placed in fresh water, seawater
Or in ethyl alcohol.
The present invention provides photothermal conversion device described above the water body polluted containing organic or inorganic desalination, net
Change, the application in concentration or minimizing field.
Beneficial effect obtained by the present invention is:
(1) prepared by the present invention to take full advantage of heat-barrier material and crosslinking cheap and easy to get from the heat-insulated water guide material of floating
Agent realizes being uniformly distributed for heat-barrier material by the three-dimensional space mesh skeleton structure of crosslinking agent, realizes heat-insulated and water guide
Double effects；
(2) heat-insulated water guide material prepared by the present invention can float on certainly on the various waters surface from floating, not need outer
Add auxiliary equipment；
(3) heat-proof quality and crosslinking agent prepared by the present invention that heat-barrier material is sufficiently combined from the heat-insulated water guide material of floating
Between gap and macromolecule network water conductivity function, be integrated with heat-insulated and water guide performance, can effectively promote photothermal conversion
The photo-thermal evaporation efficiency of material；
(4) backing material can pass through on it the forms load various types of films dress light such as pastes, directly fits, being auxiliarily fixed
Thermal transition material and spraying or spin coating powder body material, are configured to photothermal conversion device, have very strong machinability and
The extensibility of function；
(5) heat-insulated water guide material of the present invention has enough mechanical strengths and excellent reusing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the optical absorption map schematic diagram for the heat-insulated water guide material that embodiment one is prepared.
Fig. 2-1 is the scanning electron microscope schematic diagram for the heat-insulated water guide material surface that embodiment one is prepared.
Fig. 2-2 is the scanning electron microscope schematic diagram for the heat-insulated water guide material cross-section that embodiment one is prepared.
Fig. 3 is the photothermal conversion schematic device that embodiment two is prepared.
Fig. 4 is the (1kW/m under illumination simulation of photothermal conversion device described in embodiment two2) under light evaporative mass variation
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the (1kW/m under illumination simulation of photothermal conversion device described in embodiment two2) under net evaporation rate at any time
Between the schematic diagram that changes.
Fig. 6 is the (1kW/m under illumination simulation of photothermal conversion device described in embodiment two2) under light evaporation repeat test
Performance test schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
As described above, in photothermal conversion technology, high light absorbent (normal solar irradiation, large volume in practical applications
Water body) often photo-thermal evaporation efficiency it is unsatisfactory, be mainly due to fail to make full use of the fixed heat of photothermal conversion materiat.Cause
This, thermal management becomes photothermal conversion materiat and moves towards the important step of practical application.In photo-thermal evaporation process, water transmission and heat
Buret reason is two importances of substance transmitting and energy transmission；Importantly, the two is that a pair competes with one another for relationship, i.e.,
Preferably water transmission can sacrifice thermal management.Accordingly, it is considered to arrive evaporation rate the limit, the present invention design based on thermal management
Heat-insulated water guide material, have effectively achieved the balance between thermal management and water transmission, avoid excessive water transmission and cause
Unnecessary thermal loss, for material, application provides theoretical and material foundation in practice.
The present invention provides a kind of heat-insulated water guide materials, and it includes crosslinking agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone and heat-barrier materials.
Preferably, for heat-insulated water guide material described above, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from cellulose acetate, gathers
One of vinylidene or polyacrylonitrile；Preferably, the molecular weight of the Kynoar is 50-90 ten thousand.
The cellulose acetate is cellulose acetate well known in the art, and No. CAS of the cellulose acetate is 9004-
35-7。
The molecular weight of the polyacrylonitrile is 14840-15105.
The polyvinylpyrrolidone provides the effect of pore-forming in preparing heat-insulated water guide material, makes to be prepared in this way
Heat-insulated water guide material is conducive to transport and evaporation loss to moisture, and the K value of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 30.
In a kind of currently preferred specific embodiment, wherein the heat-barrier material is selected from hollow glass micropearl
Or one of polyethylene microballoon, it is preferred that the partial size of the heat-barrier material is 10-120 μm, is more preferably 30-90 μm, more excellent
It is selected as 55-90 μm；Preferably, the porosity of the heat-barrier material is 30-70%.
In more preferably a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein the crosslinking agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone
Mass ratio is 1:0.01-0.4, preferably 1:0.05-0.35, is more preferably 1:0.0625-0.3125.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the crosslinking agent and the heat-barrier material is 1:0.7-8.56, preferably 1:1.31-
4.88, it is more preferably 1:1.31-2.84.
Heat-insulated water guide material of the present invention, wherein the heat-insulated water guide material is by containing crosslinking agent, polyethylene
The heat-insulated water guide material with three-dimensional net structure that the mixture of pyrrolidones and heat-barrier material obtains；It is preferred that the heat-insulated water guide
Material is obtained by carrying out inversion of phases to the mixture.
In a kind of currently preferred specific embodiment, wherein the heat-insulated water guide material is by the inclusion of following steps
Rapid method is prepared:
(1) crosslinking agent and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed to get mixed-powder；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dissolved in organic solvent, obtains casting solution；
(3) casting solution described in step (2) is added in heat-barrier material and obtains slurry；
(4) slurry described in step (3) is suppressed, then carries out inversion of phases and obtains heat-insulated water guide material.
The present invention provides the preparation methods of heat-insulated water guide material, and it includes following step:
(1) crosslinking agent and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed to get mixed-powder；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dissolved in organic solvent, obtains casting solution；
(3) casting solution described in step (2) is added in heat-barrier material and obtains slurry；
(4) slurry described in step (3) is suppressed, then carries out inversion of phases and obtains heat-insulated water guide material.
In a kind of currently preferred specific embodiment, wherein the organic solvent is selected from N, N- dimethyl second
One or more of amide, acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide.
In more preferably a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein the mass ratio of the crosslinking agent and organic solvent
It is more preferably 14.8-23.5:100 for 5-25:100, preferably 8-24:100.
In more preferably a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein in step (2), before obtaining casting solution,
Also include mixed-powder is stirred, ultrasound and the step of deaeration.
Preferably, the time of the stirring is 10-15 hours.
Preferably, the time of the ultrasound is 30-60 minutes.
Preferably, the deaeration is standing and defoaming, and the time of the deaeration is 24-48 hours, preferably 36-48 hours.
In a kind of currently preferred specific embodiment, wherein in step (3), the casting solution and heat-insulated material
The ratio of material is 2.5-7ml:1g, preferably 2.85-4ml:1g.
In more preferably a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein in step (4), the pressure of the compacting is
0.01-4Mpa, preferably 0.10-2Mpa are more preferably 0.5-2Mpa；Preferably, the time of the compacting is 0.5-20min,
Preferably 0.5-5min.
In a kind of currently preferred specific embodiment, wherein in step (4), the time of the inversion of phases is
20-40 hours, it is preferred that the inversion of phases carries out in water bath with thermostatic control, and the temperature of the constant temperature is 20-45 DEG C.
The present invention, as support frame material, realizes the stable dispersion and glue connection of heat-barrier material by high polymer crosslinking agent
It is blocking, it realizes and is closely interconnected between heat-barrier material, thus can produce capillarity water guide between heat-barrier material,
Be conducive to the transport of moisture by the duct that polyvinylpyrrolidone is formed on crosslinking agent simultaneously.It is prepared by the present invention to float certainly
Heat-insulated water guide material have good water conductivity function and outstanding heat-insulating capability, realize balance and optimization between the two,
The photothermal conversion efficiency of photothermal conversion film material can effectively be promoted.
The present invention provides application of the heat-insulated water guide material in solar energy heat conversion device.
The present invention provides a kind of photothermal conversion devices, and it includes heat-insulated water guide materials described above.
In a kind of currently preferred specific embodiment, wherein the photothermal conversion device also includes photothermal conversion
Film material, it is preferred that the photothermal conversion film material is selected from the photothermal conversion film for not needing support or uses fid
Expect support photothermal conversion film, it is preferred that the backing material in non-woven fabrics, blotting paper, dust-free paper or filter paper one
Kind.
In more preferably a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein the heat-insulated water guide material and the photo-thermal turn
Change film material to combine by way of package, stickup or fitting, either by the photothermal conversion powder body material spin coating or spray
It is coated on the heat-insulated water guide material, it is preferred that the photothermal conversion powder is selected from reduced graphene, graphite, active carbon, charcoal
One of black or carbon nanotube.
In more preferably a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein the photothermal conversion device is placed in fresh water, seawater
Or in ethyl alcohol.
The present invention provides photothermal conversion device described above the water body polluted containing organic or inorganic desalination, net
Change, the application in concentration or minimizing field.
The present invention provides a kind of heat-insulated water guide materials from floating of above scheme preparation to fill in solar energy thermal transition
Application in setting.The device can convert the liquid such as common fresh water, seawater, ethyl alcohol under the direct irradiation of sunlight
Steam has broad application prospects to realize the separation of solution and solute.Construct the device scheme include will be of the invention
The provided heat-insulated water guide material from floating passes through with photothermal conversion film material the groups such as simply wraps up, pastes or be bonded
Conjunction form, or by spin coating, spraying photothermal conversion powder body material, may be constructed complete photothermal conversion device.Photothermal conversion
Film material mainly include it is various do not need support all kinds of materials photothermal conversion film and with non-woven fabrics, blotting paper, dust-free paper
Or filter paper is the photothermal conversion film material of support.Package of the present invention refers to conventional inside and outside package, and described is glutinous
Patch refer to that various non-water-resisting property are pasted, the fitting refer to various forms (including or do not include tool for public use) patch
Conjunction mode (is such as clamped with clip and is even directly affixed planar film with from the heat-insulated direct plane of water guide material of floating).Institute of the present invention
The photothermal conversion powder body material stated mainly includes reduced graphene, graphite, active carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotube.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, photothermal conversion device provided by the invention is preferably placed in water, seawater, ethyl alcohol
Equal liquid surfaces are allowed to free floating, of the present invention to utilize capillarity from the heat-insulated water guide material of floating, spontaneously
By liquid from the bottom surface of material to absorbing and conveying with the contact surface of photothermal conversion materiat, enable photothermal conversion materiat in mould
Quasi- sunlight (1kW/m2) illumination condition under generate thermal energy, and sufficiently converge this part of energy in the exchange interface of steam, thus
It will be converted into steam with the liquid that photothermal conversion materiat directly contacts, realizes the separation of solution and solute.
The equipment and analysis that manufacturer to raw material used in the present embodiment and equipment and product analysis below uses
Method is described as follows, wherein the chemical substance do not indicate be conventional reagent the pure rank of chemistry, it is described
What experimental facilities was not indicated is conventional experimental facilities.The information and experimental facilities of raw material used in embodiment such as table 1
With shown in table 2.
The information of used raw material in 1 embodiment of table
| Raw material information | Purity | Manufacturer |
| Hollow glass micropearl | 98% | 3MCorporation |
| Polyethylene microballoon | 99% | Duke Du Ke |
| Cellulose acetate (CA) | CAS:9004-35-7 | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.'s (Shanghai examination) |
| Kynoar | Molecular weight about 600,000 | Three Ai Fu new material Science and Technology Ltd. of Shanghai |
| Polyacrylonitrile | About 150000 | Shanghai Wo Kai chemical reagent Co., Ltd |
| Polyvinylpyrrolidone | K-30 | Shanghai Wo Kai chemical reagent Co., Ltd |
The information of used experimental facilities in 2 embodiment of table
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of embodiment one
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 1g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in 49gN, stirring is molten in N- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Solution mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 48 hours, obtains yellow transparent casting solution.
(3) 3g hollow glass micropearl (55 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, it will be described in the addition of casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It in hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 2MPa
5min is held, is taken out, is transferred into 30 DEG C of water-bath experience inversion of phases processes of thermostatted water, the inversion of phases time is 30 hours, is obtained heat-insulated
Water guide material.
The heat-insulated water guide materials'use ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer that embodiment one is prepared is measured, and is absorbed
Spectrogram is as shown in Figure 1.
As seen from Figure 1, what embodiment one was prepared shows at 400-500nm from the heat-insulated water guide material of floating
Apparent light absorption, matches with the absorption characteristics of hollow silica bead, is shown prepared by embodiment one indirectly
Heat-insulated water guide material has the three-dimensional packing structure of hollow glass microbead.
The heat-insulated water guide material that embodiment one is prepared is observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), is tied
Fruit is as shown in Fig. 2-1 and Fig. 2-2.
From Fig. 2-1 and Fig. 2-2 as can be seen that hollow glass micropearl preferably passes through together with PVDF high molecular crosslink, structure
At the multilayer network structure of a 3D；And it is filled just by hollow glass microbead at the node of this reticular structure.Therefore
The air closed pore of glass microballoon is effectively promoted the heat-proof quality of material, and the 3D net in gap and PVDF between glass microballoon
Network structure can generate enough capillarities, so that moisture is effectively transported.
The preparation of the simple photothermal conversion device of embodiment two
It is floated on the water surface using prepared by embodiment 1 from the heat-insulated water guide material of floating, pastes one layer of photo-thermal on it
Converting film, (it is by the solution of the n,N-dimethylacetamide of cellulose acetate, being scratched or being revolved carbon black dispersion
Apply, and inversion of phases obtains in water), obtain complete photothermal conversion device.The schematic diagram of photothermal conversion device as shown in figure 3,
It is constituted mainly including open-top receptacle, the water held, the certainly heat-insulated water guide material of floating and four composition portions of photothermal conversion film
Point.
The obtained simple photothermal conversion device of embodiment two is carried out to the measurement of following performances:
1) test of photothermal conversion performance
It is 12cm with area using the simple photothermal conversion device of embodiment two2Carbon-based photothermal conversion film carry out photo-thermal
Conversion test, control intensity of illumination are 1kW/m2, resulting result is as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.Wherein, Fig. 4 is to simulate the normal sun
Mass change figure in photothermal conversion experiment under light, Fig. 5 are that (light evaporation rate deducts dark steam to net evaporation rate in photo-thermal evaporation process
Send out speed) variation diagram.
From fig. 4, it can be seen that water constantly evaporates, and quality constantly reduces with the process of illumination, 50min mass change is big
About 1.4g.
From fig. 5, it can be seen that the temperature of material surface constantly increases with the continuous progress of photothermal conversion, adjoint wink
When evaporation rate constantly rise, the net evaporation rate 1.3765kg/m of stable state has been reached at 1250s2H (apparent evaporation rate
1.6kg/m2H), the experimental situation temperature and humidity condition at that time that compares is lauched dark evaporation rate (about 0.24kg/m2H), speed is promoted
More than 6 times, it was demonstrated that embodiment two prepare based on from the photothermal conversion device of heat-insulated water guide optimization of material is floated normally too
Sunlight possesses good photo-thermal under shining and turns effect, can effectively promote photo-thermal evaporation rate.
The calculation formula of the net evaporation rate of stable state in embodiment are as follows:
In formula:For the flash evaporation rate (kg/m of t moment (s)2·h)；
mt-50And mt+50Refer respectively to the quality (kg) of the water to be evaporated at two moment (s) of t-50 and t+50；
S is disengagement area (m2)；
2) loop test of photothermal conversion device
Photothermal conversion device described in embodiment two is subjected to loop test according to the test method of photothermal conversion performance,
As a result as shown in Figure 6.
From fig. 6, it can be seen that the obtained photothermal conversion device of heat-insulated water guide material being prepared using embodiment one,
Photothermal conversion performance maintains essentially in 82.1% after being recycled 10 times, to illustrate that embodiment one is prepared heat-insulated
Water guide material can effectively promote the photo-thermal volatility of photothermal conversion film material, provide very strong Heat-collecting effect, and
Possess enough structural strengths and stability, and can be with a kind of very simple way of realization (reforming unit, implementation
Example two) realize stable photothermal conversion.
Wherein, photothermal conversion efficiency is calculated, calculation formula is as shown in Equation 1:
In formula 1: η is photothermal conversion efficiency；
It is the quality reduction speed of water,Wherein, mevpBecome for the quality of water
Change (unit: g),
Can as seen from Figure 3, s is carbon-based photothermal conversion film size (unit cm2),
T is time (unit: s)；
h1vIt is that liquid water becomes the sum of sensible heat and latent heat of vaporous water, J/g at a certain temperature；
qsIt is intensity of illumination, W/m2。
It can be calculated according to formula 1, photothermal conversion materiat is overlying on the photothermal conversion device for floating heat-insulated water guide material
Photothermal conversion efficiency can achieve 82.1%.
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of embodiment three
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed with the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of different quality and is mixed
Close powder, wherein the quality of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is respectively 0.5g, 1.5g, 2g and 2.5g；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in 49gN, stirring is molten in N- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Solution mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 48 hours, obtains yellow transparent casting solution；
(3) 3g hollow glass micropearl (55 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, it will be described in the addition of casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It in hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 2MPa
Hold 5min, take out, be transferred into thermostatted water 30 degree water-baths experience inversion of phases processes, the time of inversion of phases is 30 hours, obtain every
Thermal conductivity water material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
Respectively 1.33kg/m2·h、1.35kg/m2·h、1.34kg/m2H and 1.35kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of example IV
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 1g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in different quality DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Stirring and dissolving mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 2 days, obtains yellow transparent casting solution, the DMAc is respectively
34g, 39g, 44g and 54g；
(3) 3g hollow glass micropearl (55 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, it will be described in the addition of casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It in hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 2MPa
Hold 5min, take out, be transferred into thermostatted water 30 degree water-baths experience inversion of phases processes, the time of inversion of phases is 30 hours, obtain every
Thermal conductivity water material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
Respectively 1.28kg/m2·h、1.31kg/m2·h、1.38kg/m2H and 1.18kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of embodiment five
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 1g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in stirring in 49g DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Dissolution mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 2 days, obtains yellow transparent casting solution；
(3) hollow glass micropearl (55 μm of average grain diameter) for weighing different quality, by casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It is added in the hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough
Slurry, wherein the hollow glass micropearl is respectively 2g, 2.5g, 3.5g and 4g；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 2MPa
Hold 5min, take out, be transferred into thermostatted water 30 degree water-baths experience inversion of phases processes, the time of inversion of phases is 30 hours, obtain every
Thermal conductivity water material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
Respectively 1.11kg/m2·h、1.23kg/m2·h、1.31kg/m2H and 1.08kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of embodiment six
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 1g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in stirring in 49g DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Dissolution mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 2 days, obtains yellow transparent casting solution；
(3) 3g hollow glass micropearl (55 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, it will be described in the addition of casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It in hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protects at various pressures
Hold 5min, take out, be transferred into thermostatted water 30 degree water-baths experience inversion of phases processes, the time of inversion of phases is 30 hours, obtain every
Thermal conductivity water material, wherein the pressure is respectively 0.01Mpa, 0.5Mpa, 1Mpa and 4Mpa.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
Respectively 1.14kg/m2·h、1.22kg/m2·h、1.34kg/m2H and 1.18kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of embodiment seven
Difference from the first embodiment is that being obtained using acetic acid (CA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) respectively as crosslinking agent
Heat-insulated water guide material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for photothermal conversion performance test and the method for loop test of implementing the reforming unit in two,
Obtain the net evaporation rate difference 1.36kg/m of stable state2H and 1.38kg/m2H, efficiency are respectively 81.5% and 82%.
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of embodiment eight
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 1g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in stirring in 49g DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Dissolution mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 2 days, obtains yellow transparent casting solution；
(3) 3g hollow glass micropearl is weighed, the hollow glass micro-ball powder is added in casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It in end, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry, the partial size point of the microballon
Wei not be 15 μm, 30 μm and 90 μm；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is suppressed and is protected under 2Mpa pressure to pour into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm)
Hold 5min, take out, be transferred into thermostatted water 30 degree water-baths experience inversion of phases processes, the time of inversion of phases is 30 hours, obtain every
Thermal conductivity water material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
Respectively 1.28kg/m2·h、1.34kg/m2H and 1.38kg/m2·h。
Implement the preparation of nine photothermal conversion devices
The heat-insulated water guide material that embodiment one is prepared floats on the water surface, pastes one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film-like material obtains photothermal conversion device, and the photo-thermal photothermal conversion film-like material is respectively that unsupported carbon black acetic acid is fine
It ties up plain film, is thin coated on the carbon black cellulose acetate film on filter paper and coated on the carbon black cellulose acetate on non-woven fabrics
Film.
By above-mentioned preparation-obtained various photothermal conversion devices, according to the photothermal conversion for implementing the reforming unit in two
The method that can be tested is measured, and obtaining the net evaporation rate of stable state is respectively 1.37kg/m2H, 1.38kg/m2H and
1.38kg/m2·h。
The preparation of ten photothermal conversion device of embodiment
The heat-insulated water guide material that embodiment one is prepared floats on the water surface, directly fits or wrap up one on it
Layer photothermal conversion film obtains photothermal conversion device.
By above-mentioned preparation-obtained various photothermal conversion devices, according to the photothermal conversion for implementing the reforming unit in two
The method that can be tested is measured, and obtaining the net evaporation rate of stable state is respectively 1.38kg/m2H, 1.38kg/m2·h。
The preparation of 11 photothermal conversion device of embodiment
Powder body material is interconnected into simultaneously spin coating by crosslinking agent or is sprayed on heat-insulated water guide material described in embodiment one
On, wherein the powder body material is carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotube, reduced graphene or active carbon, obtains photothermal conversion device.
By above-mentioned preparation-obtained various photothermal conversion devices, according to the photothermal conversion for implementing the reforming unit in two
The method that can be tested is measured, and obtaining the net evaporation rate of stable state is respectively 1.38kg/m2H, 1.33kg/m2H, 1.38kg/
m2H, 1.36kg/m2H and 1.35kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of embodiment 12
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed powder with 0.08g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
End；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in stirring and dissolving in 160g acetone, mixed 10 hours, surpassed
Sound 40 minutes, deaeration in 24 hours is stood, yellow transparent casting solution is obtained.
(3) 1.4g hollow glass micropearl (100 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, casting solution 10mL described in step (3) is added
It in the hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry
Material；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), is suppressed simultaneously under the pressure of 0.1MPa
0.5min is kept, is taken out, is transferred into 30 DEG C of water-bath experience inversion of phases processes of thermostatted water, the inversion of phases time is 40 hours, is obtained
Heat-insulated water guide material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
For 1.07kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of embodiment 13
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 3.2g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in stirring and dissolving in 32g dimethylformamide (DMF), mixed
Even 15 hours, ultrasound 60 minutes stood deaeration in 36 hours, obtains yellow transparent casting solution.
(3) 3g polyethylene microballoon (10 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, casting solution 10mL described in step (3) is added described poly-
It in ethylene microsphere powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 3MPa
2min is held, is taken out, is transferred into 20 DEG C of water-bath experience inversion of phases processes of thermostatted water, the inversion of phases time is 20 hours, is obtained heat-insulated
Water guide material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
For 1.18kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the heat-insulated water guide material of embodiment 14
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 0.4g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in 100gN, stirring in N- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Dissolution mixes 10 hours, and ultrasound 50 minutes stands deaeration in 48 hours, obtains yellow transparent casting solution.
(3) 3g hollow glass micropearl (50 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, it will be described in the addition of casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It in hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 4MPa
Hold 1.5min, take out, be transferred into thermostatted water 30 DEG C of water-baths experience inversion of phases processes, the inversion of phases time is 20 hours, obtain every
Thermal conductivity water material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
For 1.24kg/m2·h。
The preparation of 15 water guide heat-barrier material of embodiment
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 2.8g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in 100gN, stirring in N- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Dissolution mixes 15 hours, and ultrasound 60 minutes stands deaeration in 24 hours, obtains yellow transparent casting solution.
(3) 3g hollow glass micropearl (120 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, institute is added in casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It states in hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 2MPa
3min is held, is taken out, is transferred into 45 DEG C of water-bath experience inversion of phases processes of thermostatted water, the inversion of phases time is 40 hours, is obtained heat-insulated
Water guide material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
For 1.36kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the common water guide heat-barrier material of comparative example one
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed powder with 0.04g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
End；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in 49gN, stirring is molten in N- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Solution mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 48 hours, obtains yellow transparent casting solution.
(3) 3g hollow glass micropearl (55 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, it will be described in the addition of casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It in hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 2MPa
5min is held, is taken out, is transferred into 30 DEG C of water-bath experience inversion of phases processes of thermostatted water, the inversion of phases time is 30 hours, is obtained heat-insulated
Water guide material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
For 0.98kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the common heat-insulated water guide material of comparative example two
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 4g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in 49gN, stirring is molten in N- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Solution mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 48 hours, obtains yellow transparent casting solution.
(3) 3g hollow glass micropearl (55 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, it will be described in the addition of casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It in hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 2MPa
5min is held, is taken out, is transferred into 30 DEG C of water-bath experience inversion of phases processes of thermostatted water, the inversion of phases time is 30 hours, is obtained heat-insulated
Water guide material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
For 1.01kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the common heat-insulated water guide material of comparative example three
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 1g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in 49gN, stirring is molten in N- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Solution mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 48 hours, obtains yellow transparent casting solution.
(3) 5g hollow glass micropearl (55 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, it will be described in the addition of casting solution 10mL described in step (3)
It in hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 2MPa
5min is held, is taken out, is transferred into 30 DEG C of water-bath experience inversion of phases processes of thermostatted water, the inversion of phases time is 30 hours, is obtained heat-insulated
Water guide material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
For 1.18kg/m2·h。
The preparation of the common heat-insulated water guide material of comparative example four
(1) 8g Kynoar (PVDF) is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed-powder with 1g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dispersed in 49gN, stirring is molten in N- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc)
Solution mixes 12 hours, and ultrasound 30 minutes stands deaeration in 48 hours, obtains yellow transparent casting solution.
(3) 1.33g hollow glass micropearl (55 μm of average grain diameter) is weighed, casting solution 10mL described in step (3) is added
It in the hollow glass micro-ball powder, is kept stirring uniformly with glass bar, is beaten and rubbed repeatedly with pestle, obtain sticky dough slurry
Material；
(4) above-mentioned slurry is poured into preprepared mold (5*4*0.6cm), suppresses and protect under the pressure of 2MPa
5min is held, is taken out, is transferred into 30 DEG C of water-bath experience inversion of phases processes of thermostatted water, the inversion of phases time is 30 hours, is obtained heat-insulated
Water guide material.
Above-mentioned preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material is floated on the water surface, it is thin to paste one layer of photothermal conversion on it
Film is measured according to the method for the photothermal conversion performance test for implementing the reforming unit in two, obtains the net evaporation rate of stable state
For 0.92kg/m2·h。
Comparative example one and embodiment one are compared, difference is that the quality of PVP used in comparative example one is
0.04g, and the quality of PVP used in embodiment one is 1g, i.e. the mass ratio of crosslinking agent and PVP is 1:0.005, lower than this
Photothermal conversion device is made in the mass ratio range of the invention crosslinking agent and PVP, preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material
When, when carrying out photothermal conversion experiment, the one net evaporation rate of obtained stable state of embodiment is 1.38kg/m2H, and comparative example
The one obtained net evaporation rate of stable state is 0.98kg/m2H can be seen that only from the comparison of embodiment one and comparative example one
There is the mass ratio for working as crosslinking agent and PVP within the mass ratio range of crosslinking agent of the present invention and PVP, prepared
To heat-insulated water guide material photothermal conversion device is made when, the net evaporation rate of stable state is high.
Embodiment one and comparative example two are compared, difference is that the quality of PVP used in embodiment one is
The quality of 1g, PVP used in comparative example two are 4g, i.e., the mass ratio of crosslinking agent and PVP is 1:0.5, are higher than the present invention
The mass ratio range of the crosslinking agent and PVP, when photothermal conversion device is made in preparation-obtained heat-insulated water guide material,
When carrying out photothermal conversion experiment, the one net evaporation rate of obtained stable state of embodiment is 1.38kg/m2H, and two institute of comparative example
The net evaporation rate of obtained stable state is 1.01kg/m2H, although can be seen that from the comparison of embodiment one and comparative example two it is right
The quality of PVP used in ratio two is more, but photothermal conversion device is made in obtained heat-insulated water guide material, is carrying out light
When thermal transition is tested, the obtained net evaporation rate of stable state is relatively low, illustrates not only to increase making for PVP using comparative example two
Dosage, but the net evaporation rate of stable state is relatively low, to illustrate using crosslinking agent of the present invention and PVP specific
Obtained heat-insulated water guide material within mass ratio range when photothermal conversion device is made, carries out photothermal conversion experiment gained
The net evaporation rate of the stable state arrived is higher.
By embodiment one compared with comparative example three, difference is, the usage amount of heat-barrier material is different, and embodiment one uses
Be 3g hollow glass micropearl, and comparative example three uses 5g hollow glass micropearl, i.e. casting solution and hollow glass micropearl
Ratio is 2ml:1g, lower than the proportional region of casting solution and heat-barrier material of the invention, and then heat-insulated water guide material is made, then
Photothermal conversion device is made according to the method for embodiment two, when carrying out photothermal conversion experiment, the obtained stable state of embodiment one is net
Evaporation rate is 1.38kg/m2H, and the three net evaporation rate of obtained stable state of comparative example is 1.18kg/m2H illustrates making
When standby heat-insulated water guide material, using different amounts of heat-barrier material, this is different for the influence of evaporation rate net for stable state, this is from implementation
The difference of the three net evaporation rate of obtained stable state of example one and comparative example, which can be seen that, have been further related to using of the present invention
The ratio of casting solution and heat-barrier material within the scope of certain, the heat-insulated water conductivity function of obtained heat-insulated water guide material compared with
Good, when carrying out photothermal conversion experiment, the obtained net evaporation rate of stable state is higher.
By embodiment one compared with comparative example, it is 3g hollow glass micropearl used in embodiment one that difference, which is, and
Comparative example three uses 1.33g hollow glass micropearl, i.e. the ratio of casting solution and hollow glass micropearl is 7.5ml:1g, is higher than
The proportional region of casting solution and heat-barrier material of the invention, and then heat-insulated water guide material is made, then according to the side of embodiment two
Photothermal conversion device is made in method, and when carrying out photothermal conversion experiment, the one net evaporation rate of obtained stable state of embodiment is 1.38kg/
m2H, and the three net evaporation rate of obtained stable state of comparative example is 0.92kg/m2H illustrates the amount if the casting solution used
If more, the heat-proof quality of obtained heat-insulated water guide material is relatively poor, this is from when carrying out photothermal conversion performance test
The difference of the data of the obtained net evaporation rate of stable state can be seen that illustrate using casting solution of the invention and heat-insulated
For material within certain proportional region, obtained heat-insulated the heat-insulated of water guide material, water conductivity function are preferable, and then are carrying out light
When thermal transition is tested, the obtained net evaporation rate of stable state is higher.
From above-mentioned comparison can be seen that using the crosslinking agent and PVP of special ratios and the casting solution of special ratios and every
Hot material, preparation-obtained heat-insulated the heat-insulated of water guide material, water conductivity function are preferable, and preparation-obtained photothermal conversion device exists
When carrying out photothermal conversion experiment, the net evaporation rate of stable state is higher, to effectively promote photo-thermal evaporation rate.
In conclusion heat-insulated water guide material of the present invention possesses enough structural strengths and stability, it can
Very strong Heat-collecting effect is provided, the effective photo-thermal volatility for promoting photothermal conversion film material, and can repeat continuous
It uses, in 1kW/m2Illumination condition under, photothermal conversion materiat is overlying on from floating heat-insulated water guide material and float on the water surface,
The photothermal conversion efficiency of the photothermal conversion device, which can reach after 82.1%, and 10 repetitions are tested, is still able to maintain stable photo-thermal
Performance.Certainly the heat-insulated water guide material of the floating is not only cheap, is easy to large scale preparation, but also is easy to further processing and group
It closes, has broad application prospects.
The above is only the preferred embodiment that the present invention is implemented, and not does limitation in any form to the present invention, all
The modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements etc. done within the spirit and principles in the present invention are required to be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (25)
1. a kind of heat-insulated water guide material, it includes crosslinking agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone and heat-barrier materials.
2. heat-insulated water guide material according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from cellulose acetate, gathers inclined fluorine
One of ethylene or polyacrylonitrile.
3. heat-insulated water guide material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat-barrier material is selected from hollow glass micropearl
Or one of polyethylene microballoon, it is preferred that the partial size of the heat-barrier material is 10-120 μm, is more preferably 30-90 μm, more excellent
It is selected as 55-90 μm.
4. heat-insulated water guide material according to claim 1-3, wherein the crosslinking agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone
Mass ratio be 1:0.01-0.4, preferably 1:0.05-0.35, be more preferably 1:0.0625-0.3125.
5. heat-insulated water guide material according to claim 1-4, wherein the crosslinking agent and the heat-barrier material
Mass ratio is 1:0.7-8.56, preferably 1:1.31-4.88, is more preferably 1:1.31-2.84.
6. heat-insulated water guide material according to claim 1-5, wherein the heat-insulated water guide material is by containing
The heat-insulated water guide material with three-dimensional net structure that the mixture of crosslinking agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone and heat-barrier material obtains；
It is preferred that the heat-insulated water guide material is obtained by carrying out inversion of phases to the mixture.
7. heat-insulated water guide material according to claim 6, is prepared by the inclusion of the method for following step:
(1) crosslinking agent and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed to get mixed-powder；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dissolved in organic solvent, obtains casting solution；
(3) casting solution described in step (2) is added in heat-barrier material and obtains slurry；
(4) slurry described in step (3) is suppressed, then carries out inversion of phases and obtains heat-insulated water guide material.
8. the preparation method of the described in any item heat-insulated water guide materials of claim 1-7, it includes following step:
(1) crosslinking agent and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed to get mixed-powder；
(2) mixed-powder described in step (1) is dissolved in organic solvent, obtains casting solution；
(3) casting solution described in step (2) is added in heat-barrier material and obtains slurry；
(4) slurry described in step (3) is suppressed, then carries out inversion of phases and obtains heat-insulated water guide material.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, wherein in step (2), the organic solvent is selected from N, N- diformazan
One or more of yl acetamide, acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide.
10. preparation method according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the crosslinking agent and organic solvent is 5-
25:100, preferably 8-24:100 are more preferably 14.8-23.5:100.
11. according to the described in any item preparation methods of claim 8-10, wherein in step (2), obtain casting solution it
Before, also include mixed-powder is stirred, ultrasound and the step of deaeration.
12. preparation method according to claim 11, wherein the time of the stirring is 10-15 hours.
13. preparation method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the time of the ultrasound is 30-60 minutes.
14. the described in any item preparation methods of 1-13 according to claim 1, wherein the time of the deaeration is 24-48 hours,
Preferably 36-48 hours.
15. according to the described in any item preparation methods of claim 8-14, wherein in step (3), the casting solution with it is heat-insulated
The ratio of material is 2.5-7ml:1g, preferably 2.85-4ml:1g.
16. according to the described in any item preparation methods of claim 8-15, wherein in step (4), the pressure of the compacting is
0.01-4Mpa, preferably 0.10-2Mpa are more preferably 0.5-2Mpa；Preferably, the time of the compacting is 0.5-20min,
Preferably 0.5-5min.
17. according to the described in any item preparation methods of claim 8-16, wherein in step (4), the time of the inversion of phases
It is 20-40 hours.
18. according to the described in any item preparation methods of claim 8-17, wherein the inversion of phases carries out in water bath with thermostatic control,
The temperature of the constant temperature is 20-45 DEG C.
19. the described in any item heat-insulated water guide materials of claim 1-7 or the described in any item preparation methods of claim 8-18
Application of the heat-insulated water guide material being prepared in solar energy heat conversion device.
20. a kind of photothermal conversion device, it includes the described in any item heat-insulated water guide materials of claim 1-7 or claim 8-
The heat-insulated water guide material that 18 described in any item preparation methods are prepared.
21. photothermal conversion device according to claim 20, wherein the photothermal conversion device also includes photothermal conversion film
Shape material, it is preferred that the photothermal conversion film material is selected from the photothermal conversion film for not needing support or uses backing material
The photothermal conversion film of support.
22. photothermal conversion device according to claim 21, wherein the backing material selected from non-woven fabrics, blotting paper,
One of dust-free paper or filter paper.
23. the photothermal conversion device according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the heat-insulated water guide material and the photo-thermal turn
Change film material to combine by way of package, stickup or fitting, either by the photothermal conversion powder body material spin coating or spray
It is coated on the heat-insulated water guide material, it is preferred that the photothermal conversion powder is selected from reduced graphene, graphite, active carbon, charcoal
One of black or carbon nanotube.
24. the described in any item photothermal conversion devices of claim 20-23, wherein the photothermal conversion device is placed in fresh water, sea
In water or ethyl alcohol.
25. the described in any item photothermal conversion devices of claim 20-23 the water body polluted containing organic or inorganic desalination,
Application in purification, concentration or minimizing field.
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