CN115974619A - Liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation and preparation and spraying methods thereof - Google Patents
Liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation and preparation and spraying methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115974619A CN115974619A CN202211715452.9A CN202211715452A CN115974619A CN 115974619 A CN115974619 A CN 115974619A CN 202211715452 A CN202211715452 A CN 202211715452A CN 115974619 A CN115974619 A CN 115974619A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation and a preparation and spraying method thereof, wherein the liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 to 10 portions of polyglutamic acid, 10 to 30 portions of alginic acid, 20 to 80 portions of sodium octaborate, 80 to 100 portions of monopotassium phosphate, 40 to 80 portions of EDTA-Zn, 0.05 to 1 portion of ammonium molybdate, 1 to 30 portions of citric acid, 0.15 to 2 portions of triacontanol, 350 to 450 portions of triethanolamine and 250 to 400 portions of water. The liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation has the advantages of simple preparation, convenient spraying, suitability for various planting crops, high efficiency, low toxicity, no residue, good absorption effect, no side effect, long applicable time period, wide use concentration range and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid fertilizers, and particularly relates to a liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation and a preparation and spraying method thereof.
Background
Navel oranges are a kind of cultivated species of sweet oranges belonging to rutaceae and citrus, more than 100 countries and regions are used for producing navel oranges in the world, and main production areas of the Chinese navel oranges are 12 provinces, directly-governed cities and autonomous regions such as Chongqing, jiangxi, hubei, hunan and Sichuan. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer of navel oranges leads to vigorous growth of plants, unbalanced vegetative growth and reproductive growth, small flower bud differentiation quantity and poor differentiation quality of fruit trees, and directly influences the yield and quality of the fruit trees. In the production of fruit trees, agricultural measures such as pinching, short shearing, branch pulling, girdling and the like are usually adopted to inhibit the top advantages of the fruit trees, keep the dwarfing of the tree bodies, promote the flower bud differentiation and play an important role in the high-yield cultivation of the fruit trees. However, these technical measures require professional manual operation every year, and are labor-intensive. In the actual production of navel oranges, flower bud differentiation is the basis of flowering and fruiting and is directly related to the quantity and quality of fruits. In order to obtain high and stable yield of the navel oranges and prevent the navel oranges from growing and contracting, proper flower quantity must be ensured every year, so before flower bud differentiation and in the physiological differentiation period, technical measures such as flower bud differentiation promotion measures, water control or paclobutrazol spraying and the like are usually adopted, but different cultivation modes lead to different flower bud differentiation levels of the navel oranges, and therefore, the flower bud differentiation of the navel oranges needs to be regulated.
The solanaceous vegetables comprise eggplants, hot peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers and the like, and have high yield, long growth and supply time and high economic benefit, so the solanaceous vegetables account for a great proportion in vegetable cultivation. In the process of flowering and fruiting of solanaceous vegetables, measures for promoting flower bud differentiation are also needed to promote flower and fruit retention, so that the supply of solanaceous vegetables is ensured to meet the requirements of people.
The flower bud differentiation refers to the process of changing the growth point of the plant stem from the growth of a leaf and an axillary bud into the differentiation of an inflorescence or a flower, and is a physiological and morphological sign for changing from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The flower bud differentiation directly influences the flowering and fruiting of the plants, so that the nutrition supplement of the plants in the flower bud differentiation stage directly lays the foundation of the fruiting stage and the harvest stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation and a preparation method and a spraying method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation comprises polyglutamic acid, alginic acid, sodium octaborate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA-Zn, ammonium molybdate, citric acid, triacontanol, triethanolamine and water; the liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
2-10 parts of polyglutamic acid;
10-30 parts of alginic acid;
20-80 parts of sodium octaborate;
80-100 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
40-80 parts of EDTA-Zn;
0.05-1 part of ammonium molybdate;
1-30 parts of citric acid;
0.15-2 parts of triacontanol;
350-450 parts of triethanolamine;
250-400 parts of water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation, which comprises the steps of firstly adding water into a reaction kettle, then adding alginic acid, stirring to dissolve alginic acid, then adding polyglutamic acid, continuing to stir to dissolve polyglutamic acid, then adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.0, then sequentially adding cosolvents triethanolamine and triacontanol, continuing to stir until triacontanol is completely dissolved to obtain seaweed amino acid liquid, then sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium octaborate, EDTA-Zn and ammonium molybdate, stirring at a set temperature to react for a certain time, cooling to room temperature, further sanding, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixed solution through a liquid sand mill, filtering through a filter, and finally filling by using an automatic filling machine to obtain the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation.
Further, the reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃.
Further, the reaction time is 1.5-2.5 h.
Furthermore, the molecular weight of the polyglutamic acid is 50000-200000.
The present invention also provides a method for spraying the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation, which comprises diluting the liquid fertilizer and spraying the diluted liquid fertilizer to the whole planted crop in a certain period.
Furthermore, the dilution multiple of the liquid fertilizer is 1500-3000.
Further, the planted crops comprise navel oranges, hot peppers or tomatoes.
Further, the spraying period of the liquid fertilizer comprises a seedling stage or a bud stage, an initial flowering stage and a flower-falling and fruit-setting stage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation is rich in organic nutrients such as alginic acid and polyglutamic acid, and also contains phosphorus, potassium and boron for promoting flower bud differentiation, so that the nutrient reserve for flower bud differentiation can be effectively provided, the crops are promoted to bloom more, the flowers are strengthened, and the abnormal flowers are reduced; alginic acid and polyglutamic acid can improve crop stress tolerance, especially improve the cold tolerance of branches and leaves, enhance the survival ability of the tree body in the adverse circumstances; the foliar fertilizer is rich in zinc and organic nutrition, can prevent the occurrence of lobular disease, can promote the thickening and the glossy leaf color of the leaves, enhances the photosynthesis, accumulates more carbohydrates and enables the crops to grow more robustly; compared with pure nutrition flower promotion, the liquid fertilizer has higher flower promotion stability, higher transportation speed and more efficient absorption; the sodium octaborate, the alginic acid and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate have synergistic effect, jointly promote the transportation and metabolism of carbohydrates in plants, one axillary bud blooms or long leaves, mainly depends on the storage amount of the carbohydrates in the bud and the branch, determines that the absolute amount of the carbohydrates is not the relative amount when the flowers bloom, and the flowers can bloom only when the carbohydrates are more dominant than the inorganic substances; triacontanol, polyglutamic acid and sodium octaborate are compounded together, are used for regulating endogenous hormones of crops, prevent diseases, promote pollination, increase fruit setting, improve fruit quality and improve crop yield, and have low cost, no pollution and safety;
2. the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation has good effect of promoting and controlling flower bud differentiation, can basically promote most branches of the navel orange tree to change from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, improves the flowering rate of the navel orange tree, and improves the yield;
3. the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation is suitable for various planting crops, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, no residue, good absorption effect, no side effect, long applicable time period, wide use concentration range and the like;
4. the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation is simple and convenient to spray, and after being diluted by 1500-3000 times, the liquid fertilizer is directly sprayed to the whole plant for 3 times in the seedling stage or the bud stage, the initial flowering stage and the flower falling and fruit setting stage, so that an ideal flower promoting effect can be obtained, and the manual input is greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, and the following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and give detailed embodiments and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
In the invention, the room temperature means the ambient temperature is 10-30 ℃.
The reagents used in the following examples are commercially available reagents, wherein polyglutamic acid is obtained from Shandong Nuanzai Biotech Co., ltd., molecular weight is 50000-200000. The equipment used in the following examples is commercially available.
Example 1
A liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation comprises the following components in parts by weight:
6 parts of polyglutamic acid;
15 parts of alginic acid;
55 parts of sodium octaborate;
80 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
80 parts of EDTA-Zn;
1 part of ammonium molybdate;
18 parts of citric acid;
2 parts of triacontanol;
450 parts of triethanolamine;
and 250 parts of water.
Adding the raw materials into an automatic feeding device, sequentially adding the raw materials into a reaction kettle through the automatic feeding device, firstly adding water into the reaction kettle, then adding alginic acid, stirring to dissolve alginic acid, then adding polyglutamic acid, continuing stirring to dissolve polyglutamic acid, then adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.0, then sequentially adding cosolvents triethanolamine and triacontanol, continuing stirring until triacontanol is completely dissolved to obtain sugar alcohol seaweed amino acid liquid, then sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium octaborate, EDTA-Zn and ammonium molybdate, stirring at 50 ℃ for reaction for 1.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, further grinding the mixed solution through a liquid sand mill, stirring, uniformly mixing, filtering through a sand mill, and finally filling by using an automatic filling machine to obtain the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation.
Example 2
A liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation comprises the following components in parts by weight:
8 parts of polyglutamic acid;
25 parts of alginic acid;
30 parts of sodium octaborate;
80 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
40 parts of EDTA-Zn;
0.05 part of ammonium molybdate;
20 parts of citric acid;
0.15 part of triacontanol;
450 parts of triethanolamine;
380 parts of water.
Adding the raw materials into an automatic feeding device, sequentially adding the raw materials into a reaction kettle through the automatic feeding device, firstly adding water into the reaction kettle, then adding alginic acid, stirring to dissolve alginic acid, then adding polyglutamic acid, continuing stirring to dissolve polyglutamic acid, then adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.0, then sequentially adding cosolvents triethanolamine and triacontanol, continuing stirring until triacontanol is completely dissolved to obtain sugar alcohol seaweed amino acid liquid, then sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium octaborate, EDTA-Zn and ammonium molybdate, stirring at 60 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, further sanding, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixed solution through a liquid sand mill, filtering through a filter, and finally filling by an automatic filling machine to obtain the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation.
Example 3
A liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation comprises the following components in parts by weight:
7 parts of polyglutamic acid;
25 parts of alginic acid;
45 parts of sodium octaborate;
90 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
40 parts of EDTA-Zn;
0.05 part of ammonium molybdate;
30 parts of citric acid;
0.15 part of triacontanol;
400 parts of triethanolamine;
350 parts of water.
Adding the raw materials into an automatic feeding device, sequentially adding the raw materials into a reaction kettle through the automatic feeding device, firstly adding water into the reaction kettle, then adding alginic acid, stirring to dissolve alginic acid, then adding polyglutamic acid, continuing stirring to dissolve polyglutamic acid, then adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.0, then sequentially adding cosolvents triethanolamine and triacontanol, continuing stirring until triacontanol is completely dissolved to obtain sugar alcohol seaweed amino acid liquid, then sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium octaborate, EDTA-Zn and ammonium molybdate, stirring at 70 ℃ for reaction for 2.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, further grinding the mixed solution through a liquid sand mill, stirring, uniformly mixing, filtering through a sand mill, and finally filling by using an automatic filling machine to obtain the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation.
Example 4
A liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation comprises the following components in parts by weight:
2 parts of polyglutamic acid;
10 parts of alginic acid;
20 parts of sodium octaborate;
80 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
40 parts of EDTA-Zn;
0.5 part of ammonium molybdate;
1 part of citric acid;
0.15 part of triacontanol;
400 parts of triethanolamine;
350 parts of water.
Adding the raw materials into an automatic feeding device, sequentially adding the raw materials into a reaction kettle through the automatic feeding device, firstly adding water into the reaction kettle, then adding alginic acid, stirring to dissolve alginic acid, then adding polyglutamic acid, continuing stirring to dissolve polyglutamic acid, then adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.0, then sequentially adding cosolvents triethanolamine and triacontanol, continuing stirring until triacontanol is completely dissolved to obtain sugar alcohol seaweed amino acid liquid, then sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium octaborate, EDTA-Zn and ammonium molybdate, stirring at 65 ℃ for reaction for 1.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, further grinding the mixed solution through a liquid sand mill, stirring, uniformly mixing, filtering through a sand mill, and finally filling by using an automatic filling machine to obtain the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation.
Example 5
A liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation comprises the following components in parts by weight:
5 parts of polyglutamic acid;
25 parts of alginic acid;
80 parts of sodium octaborate;
90 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
40 parts of EDTA-Zn;
0.05 part of ammonium molybdate;
15 parts of citric acid;
2 parts of triacontanol;
450 parts of triethanolamine;
and 400 parts of water.
Adding the raw materials into an automatic feeding device, sequentially adding the raw materials into a reaction kettle through the automatic feeding device, firstly adding water into the reaction kettle, then adding alginic acid, stirring to dissolve alginic acid, then adding polyglutamic acid, continuing stirring to dissolve polyglutamic acid, then adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.0, then sequentially adding cosolvents triethanolamine and triacontanol, continuing stirring until triacontanol is completely dissolved to obtain sugar alcohol seaweed amino acid liquid, then sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium octaborate, EDTA-Zn and ammonium molybdate, stirring at 70 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, further sanding, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixed solution through a liquid sand mill, filtering through a filter, and finally filling by an automatic filling machine to obtain the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation.
Example 6
The experimental site: zhaan county west Ponkan army hut in Fujian province
The liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
8 parts of polyglutamic acid;
25 parts of alginic acid;
60 parts of sodium octaborate;
80 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
45 parts of EDTA-Zn;
0.05 part of ammonium molybdate;
10 parts of citric acid;
0.15 part of triacontanol;
350 parts of triethanolamine;
and 400 parts of water.
The planted crop is pepper, and the variety is wampee. Three treatments were divided, each repeated 3 times, and the treatments were divided: control 1, control 2 and treatment 1, each treatment area was: length × width =5m × 30m =150m 2 Each treatment is carried out in the field, and the crop in the previous season is rice. Transplanting pepper in 15 days of 9 months, spraying the whole pepper in 5 days of 10 months, spraying once every 8 days for 3 times, namely spraying pepper in seedling stage, initial flowering stage and flowering-fruit stage, wherein the spraying concentration is 1500 times, and spraying is carried out every time in each treatmentThe spraying amount of the application method is the same. Observing the flower falling amount before spraying, picking in 1 day in 11 months, and weighing the fruit.
Control 1: spraying with clear water
Control 2: the commercially available boron fertilizer (purchased from Beijing Xinhe Feng agricultural chemical data Co., ltd.) with the boron content of 100g/L is diluted by 1500 times and sprayed
Treatment 1: the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation prepared in the embodiment is diluted by 1500 times and sprayed
| Amount of flower falling | Weight of single fruit (g) | Yield (kg) | |
| Control 1 | Multiple purpose | 105 | 255 |
| Control 2 | Chinese character shao (a Chinese character of 'shao') | 108 | 285 |
| Process 1 | Is rarely used | 123 | 321 |
Example 7
The experimental site: zhao An county and Dongshun village in Fujian province
The liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of polyglutamic acid;
30 parts of alginic acid;
50 parts of sodium octaborate;
90 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
60 parts of EDTA-Zn;
0.05 part of ammonium molybdate;
25 parts of citric acid;
0.15 part of triacontanol;
400 parts of triethanolamine;
350 parts of water.
The planted crop is tomato and the variety is cherry tomato. Three treatments were divided, each repeated 3 times, and the treatments were divided: control 1, control 2 and treatment 1, each treatment area was: length × width =5m × 30m =150m 2 Each treatment is performed in the field. The method comprises the steps of transplanting tomatoes in 13 days in 8 months, spraying the whole tomato in 3 days in 9 months, and spraying once every 8 days for 3 times, namely spraying at the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage and the flowering-fruiting stage of the tomatoes, wherein the spraying concentration is 3000 times, and the spraying amount is the same in each spraying method. Observing the flower falling amount before spraying, picking in 30 days in 9 months, weighing the fruits, randomly selecting 10 small tomatoes, weighing, and selecting 10 times, wherein the average number is the total weight of 10 fruits.
Control 1: spraying with clear water
Control 2: the commercially available boron fertilizer (purchased from Beijing Xinhe Feng agricultural chemical data Co., ltd.) with the boron content of 100g/L is diluted by 1500 times and sprayed
Treatment 1: the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation prepared in the embodiment is diluted by 1500 times and sprayed
| Amount of flower falling | 10 fruits weight (g) | Yield (kg) | |
| Control 1 | Multiple purpose | 64 | 255 |
| Control 2 | Chinese character shao (a Chinese character of 'shao') | 78 | 285 |
| Process 1 | Is rarely used | 105 | 321 |
Example 8
The experimental site: ganzhou city Xinfeng county large pond town six-star village in Jiangxi province
The liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
7 parts of polyglutamic acid;
15 parts of alginic acid;
50 parts of sodium octaborate;
100 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
80 parts of EDTA-Zn;
1 part of ammonium molybdate;
10 parts of citric acid;
0.15 part of triacontanol;
450 parts of triethanolamine;
and 250 parts of water.
The planted crop is navel orange, and the variety is Newhall. The treatment is divided into three treatments, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the treatment is divided into: control 1, control 2 and treatment 1, each treatment was: 10 trees, the tree age of the fruit tree is 10 years, the selected fruit tree is a middle-sized tree, and the tree shape and the tree body are basically consistent in size. Spraying the whole tree in 2021, 2 months and 25 days, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 15 days, and the spraying is carried out 3 times, namely spraying is carried out in a bud period, an initial flowering period and a flower-falling and fruit-setting period, the spraying concentration is 2000 times, and the spraying amount is the same in each spraying method. Observing the flower amount before spraying, picking at 11 months and 5 days in 2021 year, weighing the fruit weight, and averaging.
Control 1: spraying with clear water
Control 2: the commercially available boron fertilizer (purchased from Beijing Xinhe Feng agricultural chemical data Co., ltd.) with the boron content of 100g/L is diluted by 1500 times and sprayed
Treatment 1: the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation prepared in the embodiment is diluted by 1500 times and is sprayed
| Amount of flowers | Weight of single fruit (g) | Yield (kg) | |
| Control 1 | Chinese character shao (a Chinese character of 'shao') | 125 | 60 |
| Control 2 | A little bit less | 138 | 68 |
| Process 1 | Multiple purpose | 153 | 88 |
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation is characterized by comprising polyglutamic acid, alginic acid, sodium octaborate, monopotassium phosphate, EDTA-Zn, ammonium molybdate, citric acid, triacontanol, triethanolamine and water; the liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
2-10 parts of polyglutamic acid;
10-30 parts of alginic acid;
20-80 parts of sodium octaborate;
80-100 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
40-80 parts of EDTA-Zn;
0.05-1 part of ammonium molybdate;
1-30 parts of citric acid;
0.15-2 parts of triacontanol;
350-450 parts of triethanolamine;
250-400 parts of water.
2. The method for preparing the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation according to claim 1, wherein water is added into a reaction kettle, alginic acid is added, the mixture is stirred to dissolve alginic acid, polyglutamic acid is added, the mixture is stirred continuously to dissolve polyglutamic acid, citric acid is added to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.0, triethanolamine and triacontanol are sequentially added, the mixture is stirred continuously until triacontanol is completely dissolved to obtain seaweed amino acid liquid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium octaborate, EDTA-Zn and ammonium molybdate are sequentially added, the mixture is stirred at a set temperature for a certain time and then is cooled to room temperature, the mixed solution is further sanded, stirred and uniformly mixed by a liquid sand mill, filtered by a filter, and finally filled by an automatic filling machine to obtain the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation.
3. The method for preparing a liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation according to claim 2, wherein the reaction temperature is 50 to 70 ℃.
4. The method for preparing a liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation according to claim 2, wherein the reaction time is 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the polyglutamic acid has a molecular weight of 50000-200000.
6. The method of applying a liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation according to claim 1, wherein the liquid fertilizer is diluted and then applied to a crop for a certain period of time.
7. The method for spraying the liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation according to claim 6, wherein the spraying is carried out on the whole plant of the planted crop.
8. The method for spraying the liquid fertilizer for promoting the flower bud differentiation according to claim 6, wherein the dilution ratio of the liquid fertilizer is 1500-3000.
9. The method for spraying a liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation according to claim 6, wherein the crops to be planted comprise navel oranges, hot peppers or tomatoes.
10. The method for spraying the liquid fertilizer for promoting the flower bud differentiation according to claim 6, wherein the spraying period of the liquid fertilizer comprises a seedling stage, a bud stage, an early flowering stage and a flower-setting and fruit-setting stage.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211715452.9A CN115974619A (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation and preparation and spraying methods thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211715452.9A CN115974619A (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Liquid fertilizer for promoting flower bud differentiation and preparation and spraying methods thereof |
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ID=85959639
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| Country | Link |
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2022
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