CN115971626A - Method for welding high-temperature alloy membrane by electron beam - Google Patents
Method for welding high-temperature alloy membrane by electron beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN115971626A CN115971626A CN202211720630.7A CN202211720630A CN115971626A CN 115971626 A CN115971626 A CN 115971626A CN 202211720630 A CN202211720630 A CN 202211720630A CN 115971626 A CN115971626 A CN 115971626A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a method for welding a high-temperature alloy membrane by using an electron beam. The method comprises the following steps: step S01, fixing two high-temperature alloy membranes (01) and a stainless steel gasket 02 (02) to form a to-be-welded part, wherein the stainless steel gasket 02 (02) is placed between the two high-temperature alloy membranes (01), the stainless steel gasket 02 (02) is flush with the welding edge of the high-temperature alloy membranes (01), and the stainless steel gasket 02 (02) comprises one or more of Mn, cr, mo and Ti elements; and S02, focusing the welding edge by using a vacuum electron beam to weld in a vacuum environment to form a welding line. The method inhibits the formation of hot cracks of the welding line and improves the quality of the welding line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a method for welding a high-temperature alloy membrane by using an electron beam.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is a key metal material in the fields of aviation, aerospace, national defense and the like, and is widely applied to high-temperature parts of engines. The alloy has good high-temperature structure stability, oxidation corrosion resistance and welding performance, and excellent fatigue resistance and creep resistance, and is one of the most widely applied materials at present.
The electron beam welding is a high-energy-density welding method, and a welding seam is formed by bombarding the joint of a weldment through a high-speed and high-density electron beam generated by an electron gun. Compared with conventional fusion welding, the electron beam welding has the characteristics of small heat input, narrow heat affected zone, small welding deformation, pure welding line in a vacuum environment and the like. Electron beam welding is widely applied in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace and the like. Meanwhile, electron beam welding is also gradually recognized as an optimal welding method for high temperature alloys because it does not significantly reduce the mechanical properties of the welded joint.
In recent years, engine components using electron beam welding of superalloy materials have become increasingly heavier in specific gravity. In the existing electron beam welding process, a welding joint is formed by adopting a mode of self-melting of a base material, but due to the property of high-temperature alloy, a low-melting-point compound is generated in the welding process and is aggregated among crystals, and hot cracks of a welding line are easily formed. At present, the mainstream method reduces the tendency of weld cracking by measures such as improving heat dissipation conditions and optimizing process parameters, but the improvement effect is limited.
For the high-temperature alloy welding of ultrathin parts, microscopic thermal cracks are easily formed at the welding seam part, so that the welding seam leakage is caused, and the product is invalid.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: provides a method for welding a high-temperature alloy membrane by using an electron beam, and reduces the hot cracks of a welding seam.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for electron beam welding a superalloy film, comprising:
step S01, fixing two high-temperature alloy membranes 01 and a stainless steel gasket 0202 to form a piece to be welded, wherein the stainless steel gasket 0202 is placed between the two high-temperature alloy membranes 01, the stainless steel gasket 0202 is flush with the welding edge of the high-temperature alloy membranes 01, and the stainless steel gasket 0202 comprises one or more of Mn, cr, mo and Ti elements;
and S02, focusing the welding edge by using a vacuum electron beam to weld in a vacuum environment to form a welding line.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and S03, carrying out air tightness inspection on the welding seam.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and ultrasonically cleaning the two high-temperature alloy membranes 01 by using gasoline, and scrubbing and drying by using acetone.
Optionally, the vacuum environment has a vacuum of 7X 10-3mbar.
Optionally, focusing the welding edge with a vacuum electron beam for welding, and forming the weld further includes: when the inner circle part 03 of the high-temperature alloy membrane 01 is welded, the stainless steel gasket 0202 is placed between the two high-temperature alloy membranes 01 to form an inner circle assembly of the membrane 01, the inner diameter of the stainless steel gasket 0202 is flush with the welding edge of the inner circle part 03 of the high-temperature alloy membrane 01, and the inner circle assembly is formed by welding the two high-temperature alloy membranes 01 back to back.
Optionally, focusing the welding edge with a vacuum electron beam for welding, and forming the weld further includes: when the outer circle part 04 of the high-temperature alloy diaphragm 01 is welded, the stainless steel gasket 0202 is placed between the two inner circle assemblies, and the outer diameter of the stainless steel gasket 0202 is flush with the welding edge of the outer circle part 04 of the inner circle assembly.
Optionally, the thickness of the superalloy membrane 01 is less than or equal to 0.2mm.
Optionally, the thickness of the stainless steel gasket 0202 is 0.7 to 1 time of the thickness of the high-temperature alloy membrane 01.
Optionally, the acceleration voltage of the vacuum electron beam is 30kV to 50kV, the beam current is 0.2mA to 3mA, the diameter of the high-temperature alloy diaphragm 01 is 10mm to 150mm, and the welding speed is 1r/min to 15r/min.
Optionally, the method for performing the airtightness check on the weld further includes: the weld is checked for gas tightness using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector.
According to the invention, by adding the stainless steel gasket 02, mn, cr, mo, ti and other elements in the stainless steel are transferred into the welding line, so that the stainless steel has the function of a modifier, can refine crystal grains, is beneficial to reducing the hot crack tendency, and improves the quality of a welding joint.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an inner circle welding structure of a method for electron beam welding a superalloy diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an outer circular welding structure of a method for electron beam welding a superalloy diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
01-high temperature alloy membrane, 02-stainless steel gasket 02, 03-inner circle part, 04-outer circle part.
Detailed Description
For superalloy materials with thicknesses below 0.2mm, weld thermal crack control is limited. In contrast, the invention utilizes the stainless steel gasket 02 to carry out electron beam welding on the high-temperature alloy membrane 01, thereby reducing the hot cracking tendency and improving the quality of welding seams.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an inner circle welding structure of a method for electron beam welding a superalloy diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1:
fixing the two high-temperature alloy membranes 01 and a stainless steel gasket 02 to form a to-be-welded part, wherein the stainless steel gasket 02 is placed between the two high-temperature alloy membranes 01, the stainless steel gasket 02 is flush with the welding edge of the high-temperature alloy membranes 01, and the stainless steel gasket 02 comprises one or more of Mn, cr, mo and Ti elements; specifically, the thickness of the stainless steel gasket 02 is 0.7 to 1 time of the thickness of the high-temperature alloy diaphragm 01, and the stainless steel gasket is austenitic stainless steel.
In a vacuum environment, welding is carried out while vacuum electron beam focusing (in a focusing mode) is adopted to form a welding seam (also called a welding joint). Further, the degree of vacuum of the vacuum atmosphere was 7X 10-3mbar.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the weld is checked for gas tightness. Specifically, the weld is checked for hermeticity using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector. Coating proper amount of vacuum grease in the circumferential direction of two ends of a diaphragm 01 assembly to be detected, placing the diaphragm 01 assembly into a gas detection clamp, and performing helium mass spectrum leakage detection on all welding lines of the diaphragm 01 assembly by adopting a blowing method, wherein the reading of a helium mass spectrum leakage detector is required to be less than 1.3 multiplied by 10 -11 Pa·m 3 /s。
According to one embodiment of the invention, the two superalloy membranes 01 are ultrasonically cleaned with gasoline prior to welding, and then scrubbed with acetone and air dried. Specifically, two high-temperature alloy membranes 01 are respectively subjected to ultrasonic cleaning by using clean gasoline, the cleaned high-temperature alloy membranes are dried, then clean white silk fabrics are soaked by using acetone, the parts to be welded are wiped, and the white silk fabrics are dried after being wiped, so that the surfaces of the high-temperature alloy membranes 01 are clean and free of foreign matters, and the defects of cracks, inclusion and the like in the welding process are avoided.
The processing steps of the stainless steel gasket 02 are as follows: preparing materials, cleaning, cold rolling, trimming, blanking, punching and cleaning; when the incoming material is in a hard state, vacuum annealing treatment is required before cold rolling. Preparing materials: austenitic stainless steel 316L, strip, 0.20mm thick; (2) cleaning: cleaning the belt material with gasoline, wiping the gauze dry, and preventing stains on the surface; (3) vacuum annealing: cleaning after vacuum annealing (not influencing cold rolling), and then carrying out cold rolling; (4) cold rolling: rolling the strip from 0.20mm to 0.12mm; (5) trimming: shearing off the parts with uneven thickness and irregular shapes at the two ends of the strip; (6) blanking: punching a circular sheet with a corresponding diameter according to the required outer diameter of the stainless steel gasket 02; (7) punching: after the outer diameter of the wafer is used for positioning, a concentric hole is punched, and the aperture size is the same as the inner diameter of the diaphragm 01; (8) cleaning: cleaning the punched stainless steel gasket 02 by using clean gasoline, and then airing or wiping the stainless steel gasket, wherein no stain should be formed on the surface.
Specifically, when the inner circle part 03 of the high-temperature alloy membrane 01 is welded, the stainless steel gasket 02 is placed between the two high-temperature alloy membranes 01 to form an inner circle assembly of the membrane, the inner diameter of the stainless steel gasket 02 is flush with the welding edge of the inner circle part 03 of the high-temperature alloy membrane 01, and the inner circle assembly is formed by welding the two high-temperature alloy membranes 01 back to back.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an outer circle welding structure of a method for electron beam welding a superalloy diaphragm 01 according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 2: when the excircle position 04 of the high-temperature alloy membrane 01 is welded, the stainless steel gasket 02 is placed between the two inner circle assemblies, and the outer diameter of the stainless steel gasket 02 is flush with the welding edge of the excircle position 04 of the inner circle assembly.
The acceleration voltage of the vacuum electron beam is 30kV to 50kV, the beam current is 0.2mA to 3mA, the diameter of the high-temperature alloy diaphragm 01 is 10mm to 150mm, and the welding speed is 1r/min to 15r/min.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, a GH4169 diaphragm with the thickness of 0.15mm is selected as the welding parent metal, the outer diameter of the diaphragm is 50mm, and the inner diameter of the diaphragm is 30mm. Before welding, the membrane is cleaned by ultrasonic wave with clean gasoline, then scrubbed by acetone and dried, and the surface of the membrane is clean and has no foreign matters. The thickness of the stainless steel gasket 02 is 0.12mm, and the stainless steel gasket 02 is manufactured through the working procedures of material preparation, cleaning, cold rolling, trimming, blanking, punching, cleaning and the like. And (3) placing the stainless steel gasket 02 between the two diaphragms, wherein the edge of the stainless steel gasket 02 is flush with the welding edge of the diaphragm, and placing the stainless steel gasket in a welding fixture for fixing. And (3) placing the to-be-welded piece fixed by the welding fixture into a vacuum chamber, preparing for welding when the vacuum degree reaches 7 x 10 < -3 > mbar, and welding the end part of the membrane by adopting a focusing mode by adopting electron beam welding to form a welding joint. Firstly, welding the inner circle part 03 of the diaphragm, and then welding the outer circle part 04 of the diaphragm. The welding parameters of the inner circle part 03 are acceleration voltage: 40kV, beam current: 1.2mA, welding speed: 5r/min; the excircle part 04 welding parameters are acceleration voltage: 40kV, beam current: 1.2mA, welding speed: 6r/min. And welding 10 groups.
When the stainless steel gasket 02 is used for electron beam welding of the high-temperature alloy membrane, mn, cr, mo, ti and other elements in the stainless steel can be transferred into a welding seam, the stainless steel plays a role of a modifier, crystal grains can be refined, the hot crack tendency can be favorably reduced, and the quality of a welding joint is improved.
The present invention has been described in detail for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments of the present invention, and it is not to be limited to the details given herein. The scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention will be covered by the scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of electron beam welding a superalloy diaphragm, comprising:
step S01, fixing two high-temperature alloy membranes (01) and a stainless steel gasket 02 (02) to form a to-be-welded part, wherein the stainless steel gasket 02 (02) is placed between the two high-temperature alloy membranes (01), the stainless steel gasket 02 (02) is flush with the welding edge of the high-temperature alloy membranes (01), and the stainless steel gasket 02 (02) comprises one or more of Mn, cr, mo and Ti elements;
and S02, in a vacuum environment, adopting a vacuum electron beam to focus the welding edge for welding to form a welding seam.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and S03, carrying out air tightness inspection on the welding seam.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to step S01, the method further comprises:
and (3) ultrasonically cleaning the two high-temperature alloy membranes (01) by using gasoline, and scrubbing and drying by using acetone.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum environment has a vacuum degree of 7 x 10 -3 mbar。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein welding is performed using a vacuum electron beam focused on the weld edge, the forming the weld further comprising:
right during the welding of interior circle position (03) of superalloy diaphragm (01), will stainless steel gasket 02 (02) are placed two it is interior circle subassembly to form diaphragm (01) between superalloy diaphragm (01), the internal diameter of stainless steel gasket 02 (02) with the interior circle position (03) welding limit of superalloy diaphragm (01) flushes, interior circle subassembly is formed by two superalloy diaphragms (01) back-to-back welding.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein welding is performed using a vacuum electron beam focused on the weld edge, and forming the weld further comprises:
right when excircle position (04) welding of superalloy diaphragm (01), will stainless steel gasket 02 (02) are placed two between the interior circle subassembly, the external diameter of stainless steel gasket 02 (02) with the excircle position (04) welding limit of interior circle subassembly flushes.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the superalloy film sheet (01) is ≦ 0.2mm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the stainless steel gasket 02 (02) is 0.7 to 1 times the thickness of the superalloy membrane (01).
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum electron beam acceleration voltage is 30kV to 50kV, the beam current is 0.2mA to 3mA, the diameter of the superalloy film sheet (01) is 10mm to 150mm, and the welding speed is 1r/min to 15r/min.
10. The method of claim 2, wherein the method of inspecting the weld for hermeticity further comprises: the weld is checked for gas tightness using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211720630.7A CN115971626A (en) | 2022-12-30 | 2022-12-30 | Method for welding high-temperature alloy membrane by electron beam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211720630.7A CN115971626A (en) | 2022-12-30 | 2022-12-30 | Method for welding high-temperature alloy membrane by electron beam |
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| CN115971626A true CN115971626A (en) | 2023-04-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202211720630.7A Pending CN115971626A (en) | 2022-12-30 | 2022-12-30 | Method for welding high-temperature alloy membrane by electron beam |
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| CN (1) | CN115971626A (en) |
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- 2022-12-30 CN CN202211720630.7A patent/CN115971626A/en active Pending
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