CN115971485A - Pantograph slide plate, preparation method thereof and electrified vehicle - Google Patents
Pantograph slide plate, preparation method thereof and electrified vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pantograph slide plate, a preparation method thereof and an electrified vehicle, and belongs to the field of materials. The pantograph slide plate on the high-speed rail and other electric gasification vehicles is a key component of a current-collecting element, is directly contacted with a contact net lead, guides the current on a power transmission net in a static or sliding state, and transmits the current to a locomotive power supply system. The pantograph slide plate provided by the invention has the advantages of high structural strength, good arc suppression performance, small abrasion to a lead, low resistivity and wear resistance, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: pre-treating the first material; loading the pretreated first material into a mold at normal temperature, applying 150MPa pressure to one side, and performing compression molding at 165 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a second material; isolating the second material from air, and slowly heating under the protection of a medium, wherein the starting temperature of the slow heating is 130 ℃, and the final temperature is 450-750 ℃; the first material comprises graphite, electrolytic copper powder, resin binder and red copper fibers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials, and particularly relates to a pantograph slide plate, a preparation method thereof and an electrified vehicle.
Background
The electrification and high-speed of railways are the overall development trend of the railway transportation industry, and the electrification of railway transportation is one of the important preconditions for achieving the high-speed goal. In the running process of a train, the operation environment of the pantograph slide plate is relatively severe, the pantograph slide plate is subjected to physical and chemical actions of a natural environment for a long time, and various accidental conditions such as electric ablation, mechanical abrasion and the like can occur to a contact net lead due to various factors such as off-line and the like in the operation process. The quality of the pantograph slider directly influences the replacement frequency of the pantograph slider and the service life of the contact wire. Therefore, relatively strict requirements are put forward on the mechanical property, the conductivity, the wear resistance and the like of the pantograph sliding plate material.
In the prior art, the pantograph slide plate is generally made of copper alloy. When the electric locomotive runs at a high speed, the pantograph slide plate obtains 100-1000A of current from the contact wire in a sliding state as the power supply power of the locomotive, and the friction loss is easy to occur in the working state of the pantograph slide plate. Because the pantograph slide plate works in a severe state of high speed, current carrying, high temperature, low lubricity and the like, the service life of the pantograph slide plate can be further shortened by accelerating the speed of the high-speed electric train, and the pantograph slide plate becomes the most frequent part for replacing a locomotive system.
With the development of polymer polymerization technology, more and more fields of metal application are gradually replaced by engineering plastics, and the polymer composite material is particularly remarkable in the fields of antifriction and wear-resistant materials. The resin type conductive composite material is paid attention to its unique advantages of high specific strength, strong designability, excellent antifriction and abrasion resistance, good corrosion resistance, convenience for large-area integral molding, and the like. The resin type conductive composite material has good structure and performance controllability, and can adjust the electrical and mechanical properties of the resin type conductive composite material in a larger range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pantograph slide plate, a preparation method thereof and an electrified vehicle using the pantograph slide plate, which are used for solving the problems of large adhesion abrasion, easy breakage due to impact and large resistivity of the existing pantograph slide plate of a train.
The invention provides a preparation method of a pantograph slide plate, which comprises the following steps:
pre-treating the first material;
loading the pretreated first material into a mold at normal temperature, applying 150MPa pressure to one side, and performing compression molding at the temperature of 165 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a second material;
isolating the second material from air, and slowly heating under the protection of a medium, wherein the starting temperature of the slow heating is 130 ℃, and the final temperature is 450-750 ℃;
the first material comprises graphite, electrolytic copper powder, a resin binder and red copper fibers.
Preferably, the pre-treating the first material comprises:
carrying out oil removal, roughening and surface active treatment on graphite;
the treated graphite, electrolytic copper powder, resin binder and red copper fiber are pressed by a hot plate at the temperature of 60 +/-5 ℃, and then cooled and crushed.
Preferably, the treatment of the graphite further includes an electrogalvanizing treatment or an electrocoppering treatment.
Preferably, the resin binder is one of a mixture of poly bismaleimide resin and cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin, polyimide resin powder and modified coal tar pitch powder, and the mass fraction of the resin binder is 3% -13%.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the electrolytic copper powder is 63-85%.
Preferably, the zinc content of the galvanized graphite is not more than 80%.
Preferably, the zinc content of the galvanized graphite is 46.71% or 78%.
Preferably, the electrolytic copper powder and the graphite are replaced with zinc-plated graphite.
The invention also provides a pantograph slide plate prepared by any one of the methods.
The invention also provides an electrified vehicle using the pantograph slide plate.
The pantograph slide plate provided by the invention has the advantages of high strength, strong designability, excellent antifriction and abrasion resistance, good corrosion resistance, convenience for large-area integral molding and the like, and after the treatment of the roasting process, the thermosetting resin in the pantograph slide plate is subjected to carbonization reaction to form hard resin carbon, so that the strength and arc suppression performance of the pantograph slide plate are greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a graph of data obtained from wear rate tests performed on samples of examples 1-4 of the present invention with and without flow;
FIG. 2 is a graph of wear rate as a function of binder content for samples tested with and without flow in examples 5-9 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the content of zinc-coated graphite powder in each of the samples of examples 12 to 15 of the present invention as a function of wear rate;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the firing end temperature versus wear rate for examples 16-19 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of the damaged morphology of the galvanized graphite-copper roasted slide plate in example 11 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of the sliding plate damage morphology of the non-galvanized graphite-copper baked model in example 10 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a pantograph slide plate, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, preprocessing a first material, wherein the first material comprises graphite, electrolytic copper powder, a resin binder and red copper fibers.
The pretreatment of the graphite comprises oil removal, roughening and surfactant treatment, and comprises the following specific operations:
a. oil removal: heating and boiling 100g of graphite and 200ml of 10mol/L NaOH solution, preserving heat for 20min, washing the graphite to be neutral, filtering, and drying for later use.
b. Roughening: and (3) putting the graphite subjected to oil removal treatment into a beaker, adding 200g of 98wt% concentrated sulfuric acid, heating and boiling, preserving heat for 20min, and then washing the graphite to be neutral for later use.
c. Surfactant treatment: placing the graphite subjected to roughening treatment into a beaker, adding 2g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to prepare a solution, soaking for 30min, washing to be neutral, performing suction filtration, and drying at 120 ℃.
The treated graphite, electrolytic copper powder, resin binder and red copper fiber are pressed by a hot plate at the temperature of 60 +/-5 ℃, and then cooled and crushed.
S2, filling the pretreated first material into a mold at normal temperature, applying 150MPa pressure to one side, and performing compression molding at the temperature of 165 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a second material;
and S2, a hot-press forming step, namely filling the treated first material into a mold at normal temperature, and pressing and forming the slide plate sample by adopting a method of applying pressure on one side under the conditions that the forming pressure is 150MPa and the pressing temperature is 165 +/-5 ℃.
In order to ensure that gas generated during resin curing can be fully released and prevent defects from generating, opening the mold to deflate once every 10s when hot pressing starts, and totally 3 times; during the subsequent dwell period, the gas was vented every 3 min.
S3, isolating the second material from air, and slowly heating under the protection of a medium, wherein the starting temperature of the slow heating is 130 ℃, and the final temperature is 450-750 ℃;
and step S3 is a roasting step, and the slide plate sample formed by pressing is heated at a certain heating rate under the protection of air isolation and media. In order to prevent the sliding plate sample from cracking, the roasting temperature is slowly increased between 135 ℃ and 750 ℃.
The invention provides a pantograph pan which is prepared by the method. The following examples are provided to further illustrate the components used in the practice of the above methods, the content of the components, and the performance criteria for making a pantograph pan.
Pantograph slides prepared in examples 1-4 all used 7% by mass of flake graphite, 5% by mass of red copper fibers, 81% by mass of electrolytic copper powder, and 7% by mass of resin material. Examples 1 to 4 are different in that different types of resin materials, including a mixture of PBMI (polybismaleimide resin) and YM resin (cashew nut shell oil-modified phenol resin), high-temperature P resin (polyimide resin powder, manufactured by shanghai resin factory, model PC-8000), MCTP powder (modified coal pitch powder), were used, respectively. The component contents of each example are detailed in the following table:
table 1 pantograph slide plate samples examples 1-4 formulations (% mass)
The pantograph pan prepared by the preparation method of the pantograph pan disclosed by the invention has the following test results of the physical performance parameters such as volume density, room temperature resistivity, rockwell hardness and the like:
TABLE 2 physical Properties of different baked type sliding plate samples
At the ambient temperature of (25 +/-2 ℃), the air atmosphere and the current-carrying density of 285A/cm 2 The sliding speed is 41.7m/s, the abrasion time is 30min, and the loading load is 50N/cm 2 The current-carrying wear rates of examples 1-4 were tested under the experimental conditions shown in figure 1:
under the same condition, the current-carrying wear rate of different pantograph slide plates is greater than the non-current-carrying wear rate thereof. The current-carrying wear rates of the high-temperature P pantograph pan and the PBMI/YM pantograph pan are respectively 9.75 multiplied by 10 -5 mm 3 V (N.m) and 6.51X 10 -5 mm 3 /(N·m)。
The current-carrying wear rate of the sliding plate is closely related to the structural strength of the sliding plate, and the phenomena of volume shrinkage and obvious pulverization are generated during the carbonization of high-temperature P resin, so that the phenomena of serious internal continuous phase cutting crack, loose structure, no density and obvious layer stripping are caused. The PBMI/YM pantograph pan has high carbon residue rate after resin carbonization, and the formed resin carbon can be uniformly dispersed in a copper matrix framework, so that chemical bonding connection is more easily generated on an interface, and a hard carbon reinforcing effect is achieved.
Examples 5 to 9: the content of the lubricating phase and the content of the reinforcing phase are kept unchanged, and the content of the electrolytic copper powder in the components is reduced sequentially along with the increase of the content of the binder.
TABLE 3 baked type sliding plate for different resin contents examples 5-9 formulation (% mass)
Note: example 1, the PBMI/YM resin content of which was 7%.
The pantograph pan prepared by the pantograph pan preparation method disclosed by the invention has the following test results of physical performance parameters such as volume density, room temperature resistivity, rockwell hardness and the like:
TABLE 4 physical Properties of different baked type sliding plates
At the ambient temperature of (25 +/-2 ℃), the air atmosphere and the current-carrying density of 285A/cm 2 The sliding speed is 41.7m/s, the abrasion time is 30min, and the loading load is 50N/cm 2 Comparative test of current-carrying wear rates was performed on examples 5-9 under the experimental conditions shown in fig. 2 to obtain the results of different fired skateboard samples.
The current-carrying wear rate of the sliding plate tends to decrease and then increase along with the increase of the resin content. The current-carrying wear rate of the fired slide plate was minimized at a PBMI/YM resin content of 5 mass%. As the resin content increases, the filler content, such as electrolytic copper powder, decreases accordingly.
The bulk density and hardness of the pantograph pan increased with decreasing resin content, indicating that the degree of densification and the strength of the pan sample increased with decreasing resin content, which is believed to be due to the increased metallurgical bond strength between the metal particles inside the pan caused by the replacement of the same volume fraction of resin by the electrolytic copper powder.
Examples 10 to 12:
further, the formulations of Experimental examples 10-12 using the pantograph slide plate samples of Table 5, PBMI/YM resin was used as the molding adhesive.
TABLE 5 formulation of examples 10-12 for pantograph slide plate samples (% mass)
The pantograph pan is manufactured by the pantograph pan manufacturing method disclosed by the invention. For examples 11 and 12, the following operations were added in the pretreatment stage:
d. galvanizing: adding a certain amount of pretreated graphite powder into the solution after impurity removal and filtration, adjusting the pH value of the solution, stirring, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 60min to uniformly disperse graphite, and electroplating.
The results of testing the physical performance parameters such as the volume density, the resistivity, the Rockwell hardness, the bending strength and the like of the pantograph slide plate prepared by the method are as follows:
TABLE 6 physical Properties of graphite-copper baked type skateboard
As can be seen from Table 6, the hardness and breaking strength of the baked sliding plate of zinc-plated graphite-copper are significantly better than those of the non-baked sliding plate of zinc-copper, and the resistivity and breaking strength of the baked sliding plate of zinc-plated graphite-copper with high zinc content are better than those of the sliding plate with low zinc content.
Examples 13 to 15:
further, the electrolytic copper powder content decreased with increasing zinc-plated graphite content, keeping the binder and reinforcing phase material content constant, using the formulations (mass%) of examples 13-15 of the pantograph pan specimens of Table 7. Example 15 was conducted by changing the zinc plating operation to the copper plating operation based on the production methods used in examples 11 to 12.
TABLE 7 formulations (mass%) of examples 13 to 15 of different zinc-coated graphite powder baked type sliding plate samples
At the ambient temperature of (25 +/-2 ℃), the air atmosphere and the current-carrying density of 285A/cm 2 The sliding speed is 41.7m/s, the abrasion time is 30min, and the loading load is 50N/cm 2 Comparative test of current-carrying wear rates under the experimental conditions of (1) examples 12 to 15, results of different fired skateboard samples as shown in fig. 3 were obtained.
Along with the increase of the content of the galvanized graphite powder, the current-carrying abrasion rate of the roasting type sliding plate is increased after being reduced. When the content of the zinc-coated graphite powder is 30mass%, the wear rate of the sliding plate is the lowest. The current-carrying wear rate of the fired slide plate made from zinc-plated graphite (example 13) was significantly less than that of the fired slide plate made from copper-plated graphite (example 15) at the same lubricant phase content.
Examples 16 to 19:
further, the formulation of example 13 was selected, and the pantograph pan was prepared at the set final firing temperatures of 470 ℃, 550 ℃, 630 ℃ and 710 ℃ during firing.
The pantograph slide plates prepared by the methods of examples 16 to 19 were subjected to a wear rate test experiment under the experimental conditions of an ambient temperature (25 ± 2 ℃), an air atmosphere, a current-carrying density of 285A/cm2, a sliding speed of 41.7m/s, a wear time of 30min, and a load of 50N/cm2, to obtain different baking final temperature slide plate sample results as shown in fig. 4.
The wear rate of the pantograph pan tends to decrease and then increase along with the increase of the roasting final temperature. Along with the improvement of the final roasting temperature, the metallurgical bonding inside the sliding plate is more compact, and the abrasion resistance of the sliding plate is improved along with the improvement of the final roasting temperature. The temperature is too low to form an effective continuous phase; when the temperature is too high, the metal flow rate is accelerated, so that the internal components of the sliding plate are not uniformly distributed, and meanwhile, micro pores are formed in the sliding plate, which hinder the free movement of electrons and crack metal network structures such as copper and the like, so that the wear resistance of the sliding plate is reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or any other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the specification and drawings, or any other related technical fields, are all included in the scope of the present invention.
The invention is not the best known technology. The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing a pantograph pan, comprising the steps of:
pre-treating the first material;
loading the pretreated first material into a mold at normal temperature, applying 150MPa pressure to one side, and performing compression molding at the temperature of 165 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a second material;
isolating the second material from air, and slowly heating under the protection of a medium, wherein the starting temperature of the slow heating is 130 ℃, and the final temperature is 450-750 ℃;
the first material comprises graphite, electrolytic copper powder, resin binder and red copper fibers.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-treating the first material comprises:
carrying out oil removal, roughening and surface active treatment on graphite;
the treated graphite, electrolytic copper powder, resin binder and red copper fiber are pressed by a hot plate at the temperature of 60 +/-5 ℃, and then cooled and crushed.
3. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the treatment of the graphite further comprises an electrogalvanizing treatment or an electrocoppering treatment.
4. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the resin binder is one of a mixture of poly-bismaleimide resin and cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin, polyimide resin powder and modified coal tar pitch powder, and the mass fraction of the resin binder is 3% -13%.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic copper powder is present in an amount of 63 to 85% by mass.
6. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the zinc content of the zinc-plated graphite is not more than 80%.
7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the zinc content of the zinc-coated graphite is 46.71% or 78%.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said electrolytic copper powder and said graphite are replaced with zinc-plated graphite.
9. A pantograph slide plate prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An electrified vehicle employing the pantograph slide plate of claim 9.
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| CN104190922A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2014-12-10 | 四川理工学院 | Composite copper plating process for graphite particles |
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