CN115971454A - Preparation method of ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform and composite material thereof - Google Patents

Preparation method of ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform and composite material thereof Download PDF

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CN115971454A
CN115971454A CN202211688571.XA CN202211688571A CN115971454A CN 115971454 A CN115971454 A CN 115971454A CN 202211688571 A CN202211688571 A CN 202211688571A CN 115971454 A CN115971454 A CN 115971454A
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mixed powder
preform
ceramic
resistant
powder
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刘瑞峰
李广民
周印梅
赵瑞
李亚鹏
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Shanxi Yangmei Chemical Industry Machinery Group Co Ltd
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Shanxi Yangmei Chemical Industry Machinery Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform and a preparation method of a composite material thereof. The preparation method of the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a uncovered box-shaped carbon steel die (1) with through holes at the bottom at equal intervals; step 2, inserting the bolt (2) upwards from the bottom of the carbon steel die (1) through the through hole and fixing the bolt (2); step 3, mixing ceramic metal powder to obtain mixed powder; step 4, placing the mixed powder in a carbon steel die (1) and applying pressure to the mixed powder to obtain a mixed powder preform; step 5, dismounting the bolts (2) to obtain a mixed powder preform with the uniformly-spaced through holes; step 6, heating the mixed powder prefabricated body by high-frequency electromagnetic induction; step 7, cooling the mixed powder preform to room temperature; and 8, polishing the mixed powder preform to obtain the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform.

Description

Preparation method of ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform and composite material thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform and a preparation method of a composite material thereof.
Background
The heavy industry fields with complex working conditions, such as cement industry, electric power industry, mining industry, coal mine industry and the like, put high requirements on the wear resistance of wear-resistant materials and mechanical parts thereof. Taking a coal mill as an example, in the actual service process, the coal mill is not only in the severe working condition environments such as high-temperature oxidation, corrosion and high impact, but also is worn by hard grinding materials, so that the parts are quickly failed due to wear. The severe abrasion causes a large amount of metal loss, and the rapid failure of parts due to abrasion needs to consume a large amount of manpower and material resources for frequent replacement, so that the production is stopped and the cost is increased, which has great adverse effects on the production efficiency and the economic benefit of enterprises.
At present, the wear-resistant parts of the coal mill are produced and prepared by methods such as integral casting molding, surface overlaying or integral overlaying of high-chromium cast iron and the like in China. The prior grinding roller wear-resistant material is represented by high-chromium cast iron and various alloy steels, the whole wear-resistant material has the characteristics of high hardness, good wear resistance and greatly improved toughness, the hardness values of the wear-resistant material are generally more than HRC56, but the service requirements of a single alloy material are gradually difficult to meet due to the harsh environmental conditions.
Based on the current situation, researchers try to add hard ceramic into an alloy steel matrix, the overall wear-resisting property of the alloy steel matrix is further improved through the characteristics of high hardness and high modulus of the ceramic, local engineering application is achieved in partial fields, and the wear-resisting property of the alloy steel matrix is approved by the researchers. The ceramic grinding roller prepared by ceramic reinforced metal composite materials is applied to the wear-resistant field by enterprises such as Maccort company in Belgium, but the addition of ceramic particles weakens the plastic toughness deformability of the whole material, and the contradiction of the toughness and the toughness of the whole composite material is still the direction of the important challenge in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated part and a preparation method of a composite material thereof, and aims to prepare a spatial latticed ceramic reinforced metal composite material with uniform ceramic particle distribution, uniform interval of matrix metal layers and transition. The ceramic is uniformly distributed in a three-dimensional space in a metal matrix, the existence of the metal layer plays a role in buffering a hard abrasive, the wear resistance of the composite material is improved, and meanwhile, excellent plasticity is kept, so that the ceramic is of great importance for prolonging the service life of wear-resistant parts, and also has great significance for the economic and social development of China.
The invention provides a preparation method of a ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform, which comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a uncovered box-shaped carbon steel die with through holes at the bottom at equal intervals; step 2, inserting a bolt upwards from the bottom of the carbon steel mould through the through hole and fixing the bolt; step 3, mixing ceramic metal powder to obtain mixed powder; step 4, placing the mixed powder in a carbon steel die and applying pressure to the mixed powder to obtain a mixed powder preform; step 5, dismounting the bolts to obtain a mixed powder prefabricated body with the uniformly-spaced through holes; step 6, heating the mixed powder prefabricated body by high-frequency electromagnetic induction; step 7, cooling the mixed powder preform to room temperature; and 8, polishing the mixed powder preform to obtain the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform.
Preferably, the diameter of the through hole of the carbon steel mold is 70mm.
Preferably, the ceramic metal powder includes Al, fe with a particle size of 200-300 mesh and a purity of more than 99% 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 Ni and SiO 2 Powder of Al and Fe 2 O 3 Is 80-95% of the total mass of the ceramic metal powder and Al and Fe 2 O 3 The mass ratio of (1): 2.9, zrO 2 2 Ni and SiO 2 The sum of the mass of (a) is 5-20% of the total mass of the ceramic metal powder, and ZrO 2 Ni and SiO 2 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1-10:0.5-3:2-12。
Preferably, step 3 specifically comprises: putting the ceramic metal powder into a high-energy ball mill according to the mass ratio, ball-milling and mixing for 2-3 hours at the rotating speed of 700r/min, and then drying in a drying oven to obtain mixed powder.
Preferably, step 4 specifically comprises: and placing the mixed powder in a carbon steel mould and applying a pressure of 20MPa to the mixed powder to ensure that the compactness of the mixed powder reaches 80-85 percent so as to obtain a mixed powder preform.
Preferably, step 6 specifically includes: and (2) heating and igniting the mixed powder preform by using a high-frequency induction heating furnace with the current of 60-70A and the voltage of 220V to enable the mixed powder preform to generate a self-propagating reaction to generate a composite material, and applying the pressure of 40-50MPa and maintaining the pressure for 1 minute when the reaction product is in a thixotropic state 2-3 seconds after the complete reaction.
Preferably, step 7 specifically includes: the mixed powder preform was embedded in sand and cooled to room temperature.
Preferably, step 8 specifically comprises: and (3) polishing the mixed powder preform by adopting a sand blasting technology to obtain the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated part composite material, which comprises the following steps: step 1, pouring a metal solution into the equidistant through holes of the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated part; and 2, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated body composite material.
Preferably, the metal solution is a cast iron solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The powder metallurgy method has the advantages of adjustable components and uniform ceramic distribution when preparing the ceramic reinforced metal composite material, but is difficult to prepare the spatial latticed ceramic reinforced metal composite material which is more suitable for the fields of wear resistance and has the advantages of equal-spacing metal cylinder distribution and uniform ceramic distribution.
(2) The spatial latticed ceramic reinforced metal composite material with the uniformly distributed ceramic and the uniformly distributed metal cylinders at equal intervals, which is provided by the invention, has more excellent wear resistance, plasticity and toughness and more excellent comprehensive performance in structure than a single and uniform composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a carbon steel mold provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front half-section view of a carbon steel bolt-in mold provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 is a carbon steel die, and 2 is a bolt.
Detailed Description
The invention will be illustrated hereinafter with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. The raw materials, instruments and the like used in the following examples were all commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: preparation of ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated body
Step 1: preparing a uncovered box-shaped carbon steel die 1 with through holes with the diameter of 70mm at the bottom at equal intervals. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a top view of a carbon steel mold 1 provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the carbon steel mold 1 is a box-shaped mold with an open top, and the bottom of the carbon steel mold is provided with 5 × 5 through holes distributed at equal intervals, and the through holes are used for being matched with the bolts 2 in the step 2, so that the later preparation of the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform is facilitated.
Step 2: the bolts 2 are inserted from the bottom of the carbon steel mold 1 through the through holes upward and the bolts 2 are fixed. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a front half-sectional view schematically illustrating a carbon steel mold 1 with a bolt 2 inserted therein according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, by inserting the bolts 2 upward through each of the through holes provided at the bottom of the carbon steel mold 1 and fixing, the bolts 2 are removed in a subsequent step so as to form a structure having an equally spaced distribution of the through holes.
And step 3: weighing ceramic metal powder according to the mass ratio, placing the ceramic metal powder in a high-energy ball mill, ball-milling and mixing the ceramic metal powder for 2 to 3 hours at the rotating speed of 700r/min, and then drying the ceramic metal powder in a drying oven to obtain mixed powder. The ceramic metal powder comprises Al and Fe with particle size of 200-300 meshes and purity higher than 99% 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 Ni and SiO 2 Powder of Al and Fe 2 O 3 The sum of the mass of (A) and (B) is 80-95% of the total mass of the ceramic metal powder and Al and Fe 2 O 3 The mass ratio of (1): 2.9, zrO 2 2 Ni and SiO 2 The sum of the mass of (a) is 5-20% of the total mass of the ceramic metal powder, and ZrO 2 Ni and SiO 2 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1-10:0.5-3:2-12.
And 4, step 4: and placing the mixed powder into a carbon steel die 1 and applying a pressure of 20MPa to the mixed powder to ensure that the density of the mixed powder reaches 80-85% so as to obtain a mixed powder preform. The step is used for promoting the sufficient combustion in the subsequent self-propagating sintering forming process and simultaneously promoting the smooth operation of the non-pressure infiltration process after the later-stage metal solution casting.
And 5: the bolts 2 are dismounted to obtain the mixed powder preform with the through holes distributed at equal intervals, the forming structural characteristics of the mixed powder preform need to be kept in the dismounting process, and the phenomena of mixed powder scattering and the like cannot occur.
Step 6: heating and igniting the mixed powder preform by using a high-frequency induction heating furnace at a current of 60-70A and a voltage of 220V to enable the mixed powder preform to generate a self-propagating reaction to generate a composite material, and applying a pressure of 40-50MPa to the composite material and maintaining the pressure for 1 minute when a reaction product is in a thixotropic state 2-3 seconds after the complete reaction, so that the density and the strength of the composite material are improved. The powder material in the mixed powder prefabricated body grid can be rapidly and uniformly heated and ignited by adopting the high-frequency induction heating furnace, so that high-speed, compact and uniform ceramic phase distribution is realized.
And 7: and embedding the mixed powder preform into sand and cooling to room temperature, wherein the embedded sand cooling is used for reducing the cooling speed of the preform and avoiding the defects of microcracks and the like caused by stress concentration.
And 8: and (3) carrying out sand blasting and polishing on the mixed powder preform to obtain the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform with a clean surface and without the defects of impurities, slag inclusion and the like.
Example 2: preparation of ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated body composite material
Step 1: a cast iron solution was poured into the equidistant through holes of the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform prepared according to example 1. The purpose is as follows: on one hand, the micro pores existing in the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated body after the self-propagating sintering molding are infiltrated; on the other hand, compared with a single uniform ceramic reinforced metal composite material, the columnar metal distribution structure which is formed by condensing the cast iron solution and is distributed at equal intervals can play a role in buffering in a wear-resistant service process and simultaneously play wear-resistant characteristics and plastic toughness.
Step 2: naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the spatial latticed ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated body composite material with the equal-spacing metal cylinder distribution and the uniform ceramic distribution.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention herein. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and that the methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing a uncovered box-shaped carbon steel die (1) with through holes at the bottom at equal intervals;
step 2, inserting a bolt (2) upwards from the bottom of the carbon steel mould (1) through the through hole and fixing the bolt (2);
step 3, mixing ceramic metal powder to obtain mixed powder;
step 4, placing the mixed powder in the carbon steel mould (1) and applying pressure to the mixed powder to obtain a mixed powder prefabricated body;
step 5, dismounting the bolts (2) to obtain the mixed powder prefabricated body with the uniformly-spaced through hole distribution;
step 6, carrying out high-frequency electromagnetic induction heating on the mixed powder prefabricated body;
step 7, cooling the mixed powder prefabricated body to room temperature; and
and 8, polishing the mixed powder preform to obtain the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform.
2. The production method according to claim 1,
the diameter of the through hole of the carbon steel die (1) is 70mm.
3. The method according to claim 1,
the ceramic metal powder comprises Al and Fe with the granularity of 200-300 meshes and the purity of more than 99 percent 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 Ni and SiO 2 Powder of Al and Fe 2 O 3 Is 80-95% of the total mass of the ceramic metal powder and Al and Fe 2 O 3 The mass ratio of (1): 2.9, zrO 2 2 Ni and SiO 2 Is 5-20% of the total mass of the ceramic metal powder, and ZrO 2 Ni and SiO 2 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1-10:0.5-3:2-12.
4. The production method according to claim 3,
the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: and (2) placing the ceramic metal powder in a high-energy ball mill according to the mass ratio, ball-milling and mixing for 2-3 hours at the rotating speed of 700r/min, and then drying in a drying oven to obtain the mixed powder.
5. The method according to claim 1,
the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: placing the mixed powder into the carbon steel mould (1) and applying a pressure of 20MPa to the mixed powder to enable the density of the mixed powder to reach 80-85% so as to obtain the mixed powder preform.
6. The production method according to claim 1,
the step 6 specifically comprises the following steps: and heating and igniting the mixed powder preform by using a high-frequency induction heating furnace with the current of 60-70A and the voltage of 220V to enable the mixed powder preform to generate a self-propagating reaction to generate a composite material, and applying the pressure of 40-50MPa and maintaining the pressure for 1 minute when the reaction product is in a thixotropic state 2-3 seconds after the complete reaction.
7. The production method according to claim 1,
the step 7 specifically comprises the following steps: the mixed powder preform was embedded in sand and cooled to room temperature.
8. The production method according to claim 1,
the step 8 specifically comprises: and polishing the mixed powder preform by adopting a sand blasting technology to obtain the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform.
9. The preparation method of the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, pouring a metal solution into the equidistant through holes of the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated body according to any one of claims 1 to 8; and
and 2, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant prefabricated body composite material.
10. The production method according to claim 9,
the metal solution is a cast iron solution.
CN202211688571.XA 2022-12-27 2022-12-27 Preparation method of ceramic reinforced metal wear-resistant preform and composite material thereof Pending CN115971454A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101705384A (en) * 2009-09-18 2010-05-12 江阴东大新材料研究院 Method for preparing metal ceramic-based composite material by induction heating auxiliary self-propagating reaction
CN102817030A (en) * 2012-09-06 2012-12-12 南通大学 Method for preparing a metal/ceramic wear-resisting composite lining plate by means of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
CN105126959A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-09 南通高欣耐磨科技股份有限公司 Manufacturing method of detachable ceramic alloy composite grinding roller
US20210032165A1 (en) * 2019-07-30 2021-02-04 Chongqing Institute Of East China Normal University Method for preparing carbon-reinforced metal-ceramic composite material
CN112872330A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-06-01 太原理工大学 Preparation method of space grid-shaped ceramic/metal wear-resistant material
CN112872350A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-06-01 太原理工大学 Preparation method of ceramic/metal composite wear-resistant material net-shaped prefabricated body

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101705384A (en) * 2009-09-18 2010-05-12 江阴东大新材料研究院 Method for preparing metal ceramic-based composite material by induction heating auxiliary self-propagating reaction
CN102817030A (en) * 2012-09-06 2012-12-12 南通大学 Method for preparing a metal/ceramic wear-resisting composite lining plate by means of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
CN105126959A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-09 南通高欣耐磨科技股份有限公司 Manufacturing method of detachable ceramic alloy composite grinding roller
US20210032165A1 (en) * 2019-07-30 2021-02-04 Chongqing Institute Of East China Normal University Method for preparing carbon-reinforced metal-ceramic composite material
CN112872330A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-06-01 太原理工大学 Preparation method of space grid-shaped ceramic/metal wear-resistant material
CN112872350A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-06-01 太原理工大学 Preparation method of ceramic/metal composite wear-resistant material net-shaped prefabricated body

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