CN115971018A - Radar wave-absorbing coating structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Radar wave-absorbing coating structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface treatment, and particularly relates to a radar wave-absorbing coating structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the radar wave-absorbing coating structure comprises the following steps: processing a base body and a grating according to the size of a target unit structure of a structure to be prepared and the thickness of a coating, and enabling the grating to be consistent with the curvature of the surface of the base body; according to the thickness of the coating, spraying a bottom wave-absorbing coating and a surface wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the substrate in sequence; after the surface wave-absorbing coating is partially cured, pressing the grating into the surface wave-absorbing coating until the lower surface of the grating is contacted with the bottom wave-absorbing coating; and after the surface wave-absorbing coating is completely cured, polishing the uneven area. The radar wave-absorbing performance of the coating is improved on the premise of not improving the thickness and the surface density of the coating. The preparation method is suitable for processing large-area and curved surface, and can keep the surface smooth while forming a structure. The preparation method is simplified while large-area preparation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface treatment, and particularly relates to a radar wave-absorbing coating structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aircraft surface is usually covered with a radar absorbing coating of a certain thickness. Currently, a radar wave absorbing coating usually contains ferromagnetic radar wave absorbing agents such as carbonyl iron or ferrite, so that incident radar waves are converted into heat through magnetic loss in the coating, the reflection of the radar waves is reduced, and the radar sectional area of weaponry is reduced. Because the research of the emerging wave absorbing agent is slow, some researches begin to pay attention to the improvement of the wave absorbing performance of the radar wave absorbing coating by utilizing the surface structure.
The early middle stage Yuping et al (design and preparation of a discontinuous wave-absorbing flat plate and wave-absorbing mechanism analysis) researches the surface structuring mechanism, uses discontinuous particles arranged on the surface, and realizes the expansion of wave-absorbing bandwidth. Lenwei et al processed the wave-absorbing coating with a thickness of 3.7mm on the surface of the wave-absorbing coating by using a micro engraving machine to realize-10 db absorption of 4-40 GHz.
The elpasolite and the like process a metal die with a structure, press the die on the surface of the coating when the wave-absorbing coating is not completely cured, and form a surface structure after the coating is completely cured. Research shows that under the condition that the thickness of the coating is not increased, the-10 db wave-absorbing bandwidth can be improved from 0 to 8-18GHz by the hexagonal structure with the side length of about 3.2 mm.
In view of the existing documents and patents, a great deal of research is currently available to show that the wave-absorbing coating is structurally designed to effectively improve the wave-absorbing performance, but the research mainly aims at the structural design method and the wave-absorbing performance improvement mechanism research, and several processing modes of the surface of the wave-absorbing coating are still more traditional and have the following defects:
1) The micro structure can be accurately prepared on the surface of the wave-absorbing coating by a micro engraving machine, a micro machine tool or ultrafast laser processing and the like, but the preparation efficiency is low, and the structures need to be formed one by one, so that the large-area forming is difficult. The current surface microstructure size is typically several millimeters, and thus the preparation of large area surface structures is difficult.
2) The template imprinting method can mold a plurality of structures at one time and the mold can be reused, but the size of the mold is still limited, the processing is complex, and the large-area surface is difficult to mold. In the coating curing process, the template needs to keep pressure until the coating is low in fluidity, and the template covers the coating, so that the volatilization of an organic solvent in the coating is slowed down, the curing time is longer, and the efficiency is not improved compared with processing modes such as a laser or a position engraving machine. Because the used die is made of metal and has relatively poor flexibility, the processing difficulty of the curved surface is higher. For complex surfaces, even multiple templates may be required to achieve full coverage.
3) After the current wave-absorbing coating is structured, the surface is uneven due to the existence of the structure, and the uneven surface cannot be suitable for the surfaces of equipment with drag reduction requirements, such as aircrafts and the like. Excessive surface roughness increases the frictional resistance of the surface at both low and high speeds. Therefore, an extra step is required to fill the grooves of the structure with the wave-transparent resin to fill the grooves with a flat surface.
It can be seen from the prior patents and documents that the current technology for processing the surface structure of the wave-absorbing coating is difficult to realize large-area structure forming, the processing difficulty of the curved surface is higher, and equipment such as an aircraft and the like with requirements on surface smoothness needs to be filled and leveled with wave-absorbing resin after the surface structure is prepared, so that the process is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention mainly aims at the problems, provides a radar wave-absorbing coating structure and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem of how to improve the radar wave-absorbing performance of a coating on the premise of not improving the thickness and the surface density of the coating and the problem of how to keep the surface smooth during large-area and curved surface processing.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a preparation method of a structured radar wave-absorbing coating, which comprises the following steps:
processing a base body and a grating according to the size of a target unit structure of a structure to be prepared and the thickness of a coating, and enabling the grating to be consistent with the curvature of the surface of the base body;
according to the thickness of the coating, spraying a bottom wave-absorbing coating and a surface wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the substrate in sequence;
after the surface wave-absorbing coating is partially cured, pressing the grating into the surface wave-absorbing coating until the lower surface of the grating is contacted with the bottom wave-absorbing coating;
and after the surface wave-absorbing coating is completely cured, polishing the uneven area.
Furthermore, the grid is made of a polyethylene drafting net, and the size of the grid is adjusted and prepared through the shape of an outlet of an extrusion die and a weaving process.
Further, the grid is a flexible grid, and when the flexibility of the grid cannot be attached to the surface of the substrate, the step of processing the grid consistent with the curvature of the surface of the substrate comprises the following steps: and paving the grating on the curved surface, locally heating the grating to a softening temperature by using heating equipment to ensure that the grating is attached to the surface shape of the matrix, and completing local shaping after the grating is cooled.
Further, after the surface wave-absorbing coating is completely cured, the step of polishing the uneven area comprises the following steps: and (4) grinding off redundant coatings or protruded grids at the position of surface unevenness by using a pneumatic grinding machine.
Further, the method also comprises the preparation of a bottom wave-absorbing coating paint, wherein the preparation method of the bottom wave-absorbing coating paint comprises the following steps: and (2) fully mixing the epoxy resin A material and carbonyl iron powder in a mass ratio of 1.
Further, the method also comprises the preparation of the surface wave-absorbing coating paint, wherein the preparation method of the surface wave-absorbing coating paint comprises the following steps: and (2) fully mixing the epoxy resin A material and carbonyl iron powder in a mass ratio of 1.
Further, according to the thickness of the coating, the step of spraying the bottom wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the substrate comprises the following steps: spraying the fully stirred bottom wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the substrate by using a compressed air spray gun; and (3) the distance between the compressed air spray gun and the surface of the matrix is 30cm, curing is carried out for 5 minutes after each spraying twice, a wet film thickness measuring tool is used for detecting the thickness of the coating, and the spraying is stopped when the thickness of the coating reaches the target thickness.
Further, according to the thickness of the coating, the step of spraying the surface wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the bottom wave-absorbing coating comprises the following steps: spraying the fully stirred surface wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the bottom wave-absorbing coating by using a compressed air spray gun; and spraying a compressed air spray gun 30cm away from the surface of the bottom wave-absorbing coating, detecting the thickness of the coating by using a wet film thickness measuring tool, and stopping spraying when the thickness of the coating reaches the target thickness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a radar wave-absorbing coating structure which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method, and the radar wave-absorbing coating structure comprises a base body, and a bottom wave-absorbing coating and a surface wave-absorbing coating which are sequentially sprayed on the base body, wherein the surface wave-absorbing coating is provided with a plurality of target unit structures, grooves with the same shape and size as those of the grids are reserved among the target unit structures, and the grids fill the grooves.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the grid is used for replacing the dielectric constant of the air-conditioning structured surface, the rigidity of the high-molecular grid and the flowability of the wave-absorbing coating before solidification are used for printing the shape of the grid on the surface of the coating to form a structure, the surface wave-absorbing coating is divided into independent structures, the dielectric constant of the surface wave-absorbing coating is regulated and controlled, the reflection of electromagnetic waves is reduced, the scattering of the electromagnetic waves is increased, and the radar wave-absorbing performance of the coating is improved; after the polymer grating is buried on the surface of the coating, the surface tends to be flat by polishing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a structure to be fabricated according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic partial perspective view of a grid according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a grid structure conforming to the curvature of a substrate according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a spray coating on a substrate according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a planar substrate according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a substrate with a small curvature surface according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a substrate with a large curvature surface according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a prepared radar absorbing coating disclosed in the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a target cell structure; 2. a substrate; 3. a grid; 4. a bottom wave-absorbing coating; 5. a surface wave-absorbing coating; 201. and (4) a groove.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In one aspect of the invention, a method for preparing a structured radar absorbing coating is provided. The radar wave-absorbing coating structure prepared by the method for preparing the radar wave-absorbing coating structure has excellent radar wave-absorbing performance and has the processing characteristic of large-area preparation.
In the method, the unit size and the coating thickness of the prepared structure are regulated, so that the formed radar wave-absorbing coating structure can be regulated.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for preparing a structured radar wave-absorbing coating, which comprises the following steps:
s1, processing a base body and a grating according to the size and the thickness of a target unit structure of a structure to be prepared, and enabling the grating to be consistent with the curvature of the surface of the base body.
In the step S1, firstly, the size and the coating thickness of the target unit structure 1 of the preparation structure are determined, the coating thickness is set to be h, the structural unit is a square with a side length of L, the depth is d, the unit interval is w, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 1; one preferred example of a common range of several structural dimensions, depending on the absorber and the application scenario, is: h is more than 0.5mm and less than 2mm, L is more than 1mm and less than 5mm, h is more than 0.2mm and less than 2mm, w is more than 0.1mm and less than 1mm. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the base body 2 and the grid 3 are processed according to the determined size and coating thickness, wherein the curvature of the processed grid 3 is consistent with the surface curvature of the base body 2, and the line width of the processed grid 3 is w, the depth of the processed grid is d, and the side length of the mesh is L; it is understood that the surface curvature uniformity includes the surface of the substrate 2 being a plane, a small curvature surface and a large curvature surface, when the surface of the substrate 2 is a plane, see fig. 5, the grid 3 is parallel to the surface of the substrate 2, and when the surface of the substrate 2 is a curved surface, the grid 3 is a curved surface having a curvature uniform with the substrate 2, so that the grid 3 can be fitted to the surface shape of the substrate 2 in the subsequent process, and it should be noted that the surface of the substrate 2 being a curved surface includes a small curvature as shown in fig. 6 and a large curvature as shown in fig. 7.
And S2, spraying a bottom wave-absorbing coating 4 and a surface wave-absorbing coating 5 on the surface of the substrate in sequence according to the thickness of the coating.
In the step S2, the bottom wave-absorbing coating 4 with the thickness of h-d is sprayed on the surface of the substrate and is solidified in the air, and because the structural depth is d, the region with the thickness of h-d of the bottom wave-absorbing coating 4 has no structure, and the bottom wave-absorbing coating 4 is firstly sprayed and solidified to provide support for the preparation process of the upper structure. After the bottom wave-absorbing coating 4 is cured, a surface wave-absorbing coating 5 with the thickness d is sprayed on the surface of the bottom wave-absorbing coating 4, as shown in fig. 4.
And S3, after the surface wave-absorbing coating is partially cured, pressing the grating into the surface wave-absorbing coating until the lower surface of the grating is contacted with the bottom wave-absorbing coating.
As shown in fig. 5-7, after the coating is partially cured, the grating 3 is pressed into the surface wave-absorbing coating 5, the surface wave-absorbing coating is divided into independent structures by the grating 3, and the dielectric constant of the surface wave-absorbing coating 5 is regulated, so that the dielectric constant of the interface is more similar to air, and the reflection of radar waves is reduced. Meanwhile, the structure increases edges which can cause scattering of radar waves, and vertical reflection of the radar waves is reduced.
And S4, polishing the uneven area after the surface wave-absorbing coating is completely cured.
As shown in fig. 8, the excess coating or protruding grid 3 is abraded away by using a pneumatic sander for surface irregularities. The whole surface can be relatively flat, and the method is suitable for equipment with requirements on surface flatness, such as aircraft surfaces.
In this embodiment, the grid 3 is made of a polyethylene drafting net, and the size of the grid is adjusted and prepared by the shape of an outlet of an extrusion die and a weaving process.
In this embodiment, the grid is a polymer flexible grid 3, and when the flexibility of the grid 3 cannot be attached to the surface of the substrate, the step of processing the grid 3 having a curvature that is consistent with the surface curvature of the substrate includes: the grid 3 is shaped.
In at least one of the above examples of shaping the grid 3, the grid 3 can be attached to the surface by the flexibility of the polymer itself in the surface having a small curved surface, but the flexibility of the polymer itself is insufficient in the surface having a large curved surface or a double curved surface, and it is difficult to achieve a good attachment, and therefore, the grid 3 needs to be locally heated and softened for use after shaping. Specifically, the grid 3 is laid on the curved surface, heating equipment such as a hot air gun is used for locally heating the grid 3 to a temperature slightly lower than the softening temperature, so that the grid 3 is attached to the surface shape, and local shaping is completed after the grid 3 is cooled, as shown in fig. 3.
In the method for preparing the radar wave-absorbing coating structure in the above embodiment, the manner of preparing the spraying agent of the bottom wave-absorbing coating 4 and the surface wave-absorbing coating 5 is not particularly limited.
For example, the coating of the underlying wave absorbing coating 4 described above may be formulated by a method which may include: and (2) fully mixing the epoxy resin A material and carbonyl iron powder in a mass ratio of 1.
The coating of the surface wave-absorbing coating 5 can be prepared in a way of the bottom wave-absorbing coating 4, and the description of the embodiment is not repeated.
In another aspect of the present invention, a radar wave absorbing coating structure is provided, which is manufactured by the above manufacturing method, and includes a substrate 2, and a bottom wave absorbing coating 4 and a surface wave absorbing coating 5 which are sequentially sprayed on the substrate 2, wherein the surface wave absorbing coating 5 has a plurality of target unit structures 1, a groove 201 which is identical to the grid 3 in shape and size is reserved between two adjacent target unit structures 1, and the groove 201 is filled with the grid 3.
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the nature of the invention. All ratios cited are in parts by weight. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific conditions or details set forth in these examples, except as indicated by the following claims.
Example 1
The structured wave-absorbing coating is prepared on the surface of a large-curvature titanium alloy aircraft panel, and the structural size parameters of the unit are designed through simulation and test in the early stage: h =1.5mm, d =0.8mm, l =1.8mm, w =0.3mm.
Step S1-1: the outer surface of the panel (i.e., the above substrate 2) was polished using 400 mesh coarse sandpaper to increase the surface roughness.
Step S2-1: and spreading the polymer grid on the surface of the wallboard, locally heating the grid to 80-90 ℃ by using a hot air gun in a large-curvature area, slightly pressing the grid on the surface of the wallboard, monitoring the temperature by using an infrared thermometer during the heating, and finishing shaping after the grid is cooled.
Step S3-1: the epoxy resin A material and carbonyl iron powder in a mass ratio of 1.
Step S4-1: and spraying the fully stirred bottom wave-absorbing coating on the wall plate by using a compressed air spray gun. The distance between the spray gun and the sample piece is about 30cm, and the process sample is placed on the edge of the sample piece for thickness control. And curing for 5 minutes after every two times of spraying, detecting the thickness of the coating of the process sample by using a wet film thickness measuring tool, and stopping spraying when the thickness of the wet film is 0.7 mm.
Step S5-1: and (5) placing the substrate in a room-temperature ventilation environment for 2 days to finish the curing of the bottom wave absorbing agent.
Step S6-1: and (4) preparing the wave-absorbing coating by using the same method in the steps S3-1 and S4-1, spraying a surface wave-absorbing agent, detecting the thickness of the process sample by using a wet film thickness measuring tool, and stopping spraying when the thickness is 0.8 mm.
Step S7-1: after being left for 4 hours in a ventilated environment at room temperature, the surface wave absorber was partially cured.
Step S8-1: and gradually pressing the grid into the surface coating until the lower surface of the grid is contacted with the bottom coating to form a support.
Step S9-1: and (5) placing the mixture in a room-temperature ventilation environment for 2 days to finish the solidification of the surface wave absorbing agent.
Step S10-1: and (4) grinding off redundant coatings or protruded grids at the position of surface unevenness by using a pneumatic grinding machine.
According to the embodiment, the method is applicable to large-area preparation of the structured wave-absorbing coating, and compared with the existing similar invention or technology, the preparation method is high in preparation efficiency, relatively simple and applicable to large-area processing; by the preparation method, the flexibility of the polymer grating is utilized, and the preparation method can be used for processing the large-area curved surface microstructure without additionally using a die; and because the structure clearance is filled up by the polymer grid after the structure forms, whole surface is relatively level and smooth, can be applicable to equipment that has the requirement to surface smoothness such as aircraft surface.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a structured radar wave-absorbing coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
processing a base body and a grating according to the size of a target unit structure of a structure to be prepared and the thickness of a coating, and enabling the grating to be consistent with the curvature of the surface of the base body;
according to the thickness of the coating, spraying a bottom wave-absorbing coating and a surface wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the substrate in sequence;
after the surface wave-absorbing coating is partially cured, pressing the grating into the surface wave-absorbing coating until the lower surface of the grating is contacted with the bottom wave-absorbing coating;
and after the surface wave-absorbing coating is completely cured, polishing the uneven area.
2. The method for preparing the structured radar absorbing coating according to claim 1, wherein the grid is made of a polyethylene drawn net, and the size of the grid is adjusted and prepared through the shape of an outlet of an extrusion die and a weaving process.
3. The method for preparing the structured radar absorbing coating according to claim 1, wherein the grid is a flexible grid, and when the grid is not flexible enough to be attached to the surface of the substrate, the step of processing the grid having a curvature corresponding to the surface curvature of the substrate comprises: and paving the grating on the curved surface, locally heating the grating to a softening temperature by using heating equipment to ensure that the grating is attached to the surface shape of the matrix, and completing local shaping after the grating is cooled.
4. The method for preparing the structured radar absorbing coating according to claim 1, wherein after the surface wave absorbing coating is completely cured, the step of polishing the uneven area comprises: and (4) grinding off redundant coatings or protruded grids at the position of surface unevenness by using a pneumatic grinding machine.
5. The method for preparing the structured radar absorbing coating of claim 1, further comprising blending a bottom layer absorbing coating paint, wherein the blending method of the bottom layer absorbing coating paint comprises: and (2) fully mixing the epoxy resin A material and carbonyl iron powder in a mass ratio of 1.
6. The method for preparing the structured radar absorbing coating according to claim 1, further comprising blending a surface wave absorbing coating paint, wherein the blending method of the surface wave absorbing coating paint comprises: and (2) fully mixing the epoxy resin A material and carbonyl iron powder in a mass ratio of 1.
7. The method for preparing the structured radar absorbing coating according to claim 5, wherein the step of spraying the bottom layer of the absorbing coating on the surface of the substrate according to the thickness of the coating comprises the following steps: spraying the fully stirred bottom wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the substrate by using a compressed air spray gun; and (3) the distance between the compressed air spray gun and the surface of the matrix is 30cm, curing is carried out for 5 minutes after each spraying twice, a wet film thickness measuring tool is used for detecting the thickness of the coating, and the spraying is stopped when the thickness of the coating reaches the target thickness.
8. The method for preparing the structured radar absorbing coating according to claim 6, wherein the step of spraying the surface wave absorbing coating on the surface of the bottom wave absorbing coating according to the thickness of the coating comprises the following steps: spraying the fully stirred surface wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the bottom wave-absorbing coating by using a compressed air spray gun; and spraying a compressed air spray gun 30cm away from the surface of the bottom wave-absorbing coating, detecting the thickness of the coating by using a wet film thickness measuring tool, and stopping spraying when the thickness of the coating reaches the target thickness.
9. A radar wave-absorbing coating structure is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprising a base body, a bottom wave-absorbing coating and a surface wave-absorbing coating which are sequentially sprayed on the base body, wherein the surface wave-absorbing coating is provided with a plurality of target unit structures, grooves with the same shape and size as those of the grids are reserved among the target unit structures, and the grids fill the grooves.
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| CN211651220U (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-10-09 | 南京联合荣大工程材料有限责任公司 | Anti-crack structure for fire-resistant pouring |
| CN111572109A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-08-25 | 宁波曙翔新材料股份有限公司 | Stealth material system and preparation method thereof |
| CN114589979A (en) * | 2022-01-22 | 2022-06-07 | 中北大学 | Honeycomb sandwich composite material with high-speed impact resistance and wave-absorbing stealth function and preparation method thereof |
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