CN103659577B - Sphere workpiece is concretion abrasive pad and preparation method for grinding and polishing - Google Patents
Sphere workpiece is concretion abrasive pad and preparation method for grinding and polishing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103659577B CN103659577B CN201310644565.9A CN201310644565A CN103659577B CN 103659577 B CN103659577 B CN 103659577B CN 201310644565 A CN201310644565 A CN 201310644565A CN 103659577 B CN103659577 B CN 103659577B
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- abrasive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
Abstract
A kind of sphere workpiece is concretion abrasive pad and preparation method for grinding and polishing, it is characterized in that it is made up of sphere base layer (2) and the abrasive material (1) that is cemented on base layer (2), described abrasive material (1) is made up of polylith bulge-structure, is formed for collecting the chip pocket of polishing fluid, abrasive dust and abrasive particle between each bulge-structure; Abrasive grain density the closer to the bulge-structure surface at polishing pad summit place is less. Its preparation process is that (1) abrasive material and base layer are got the raw materials ready by twice curing molding preparation; (2) abrasive material is spread upon in plane mould equably; Coated substrates layer (2) cover mold on abrasive material, carries out primary solidification again; (3) the concretion abrasive plane pad of first curing molding is put into corresponding sphere grinding tool, heating pressurization, makes its regelate final molding. Concretion abrasive sphere grinding pad preparation process of the present invention is simple, and working (machining) efficiency is high, process stabilization, surface precision is high, surface quality good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Machining Technology, especially a kind of grinding and polishing technology of spherical parts, specificallyA kind of sphere workpiece grinding and polishing concretion abrasive pad and preparation method.
Background technology
At present, along with developing rapidly of modern science and technology, the especially development of optical guidance technology, hemispherical optics unitPart is widely used in the window of aircraft, window and the guided missile head-shield etc. of advanced weaponry optical guidance system. Radome fairing mainFunction is in high-speed flight, and air is carried out to rectification, and plays the effect of optical window simultaneously. Above-mentioned functions is to its surperficial matterAmount has proposed very high requirement. The materials such as sapphire, magnesium fluoride and spinelle with its high rigidity, high-wearing feature, highly corrosion resistant,High heat-resisting quantity and good infrared, ultraviolet light transmission are used widely. For higher hard of these surface requirementsCrisp material, grinding and polishing is its only resource of processing eventually. And grinding and polishing pad is grinding and polishing process most important instrument itOne, determine the final crudy of device, working (machining) efficiency and processing cost.
At present, the grinding technics of sphere radome fairing workpiece mainly adopts ball sheet slightly to grind and lappingout, and polishing adopts oxidationThe processing of cerium free abrasive. Daytime is bright have been proposed a kind of speed lapping method of sphere grinding tool conformal wearing and tearing (daytime is bright, sphere grinding toolConformal wearing and tearing speed lappings [master thesis], 2004). Utilize ball sheet to be bonded to dish, on sphere high-speed grinder, adoptForming manufacturing sphere workpiece. Inquired into the theory that realizes sphere grinding tool conformal wearing and tearing, according to this Theoretical Design conformal millThe sphere grinding tool damaging. Mainly there is following several respects problem in above-mentioned processing method: 1) ball sheet slightly grind with lapping technique in, instrument is equalAdopt ball sheet by certain figure formation dish, operation is complicated, and bonding figure varies with each individual, and uniformity is poor; 2) the ball sheet work after stickupTool and net shape require to differ larger, repair dish difficulty; 3), when polishing, polishing fluid is difficult to enter the top of workpiece, causes topMaterial removal rate and other position are inconsistent, and working (machining) efficiency and face shape are difficult to ensure. Nanjing English starlight is learned Instrument Ltd.Propose a kind of spherical optics element processing solidified abrasive grinding polishing pad (CN102658522A), it is characterized in that abrasive material and heatThermosetting resin evenly mixes, and forms sphere solidified abrasive grinding polishing pad, abrasive material: the mass percent of resin is 5% after solidifying～50%: 50%～95%. But solidified abrasive grinding polishing pad is one deck structure in this patent, and without the projection pattern of optimizing.For this reason, develop simply efficient, the bonding convenience of a kind of preparation method, high conformity and working (machining) efficiency is high, workpiece quality is good and symbolThe concretion abrasive ball ring that closes green manufacturing theory is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is can not adapt to spherical parts grinding and polishing needs for existing grinding and polishing pad, and existSimple in structure, inefficient problem, designs the sphere workpiece grinding and polishing that a kind of working (machining) efficiency is high, preparation process is workableUse concretion abrasive pad, a kind of its preparation method is provided simultaneously.
One of technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of sphere workpiece grinding and polishing concretion abrasive pad, is characterized in that it by sphere base layer 2 and is cemented in matrixAbrasive material 1 on layer 2 forms, and described abrasive material 1 is made up of polylith bulge-structure, is formed for collecting between each bulge-structureThe chip pocket of polishing fluid, abrasive dust and abrasive particle; The abrasive grain density on bulge-structure surface the closer to pad summit place is less.
The thickness of described base layer is 0.2-2 millimeter, described bulge-structure is rectangular, triangle, annular, circle orTrapezoidal, its height is between 0.5-5 millimeter.
Two of technical scheme of the present invention is:
A manufacture method for concretion abrasive pad for sphere workpiece grinding and polishing, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
First, design with recessed according to the shape of the bulge-structure of expansion graph of spherical face and designed composition abrasive material 1The plane mould 3 of groove should be designed the enclosure 4 that height is suitable with base layer 2 thickness around described plane mould;
Secondly, preparation abrasive material and base layer raw material;
The 3rd, abrasive material raw material is spread upon equably in the groove 5 of plane mould, abrasive material raw material is full of all recessedGroove compacting make it to flush with the end face of groove;
The 3rd, base layer raw material is added in the space that described enclosure 4 forms, and the base layer raw material that adds of compacting withThe upper surface flush of enclosure 4;
The 4th, utilize the cover plate 6 matching with plane mould profile to cover plane mould 3, carry out primary solidification, control preliminaryBetween 12-30 minute, obtain concretion abrasive plane pad hardening time;
The 5th, the concretion abrasive plane pad after primary solidification is put into the sphere sizing mill being formed by punch 7 and die 8In tool, heating pressurization, carries out regelate, and the control regelate time is not less than 2 hours, can obtain sphere workpiece and grind throwingLight concretion abrasive pad.
The shape of described groove is rectangular, triangle, annular, circle or trapezoidal, and the degree of depth is between 0.5-5 millimeter.
The density of abrasive material of the present invention can be passed through abrasive material raw material or raised design control, and abrasive material raw material can be by somePart abrasive material density is the aliquot composition that step distributes, can be by the protruding size in Fig. 3 during by pattern control abrasive material densityRealize with spacing distance, Fig. 3 is the top view of circular polishing pad, therefrom can find out, the inner side of concretion abrasive pad (be Fig. 3 inThe heart, is equivalent to the vertex position place of hemisphere) with outer rim (be the cylindrical of Fig. 3, be equivalent to hemisphere near planar cross-sectional position)Density is low compared with other place.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Grinding and polishing pad of the present invention can be widely used in the window of aircraft, the window of advanced weaponry optical guidance systemWith the grinding and polishing processing of the hemispherical optical component such as guided missile head-shield, processing characteristics is more stable, working (machining) efficiency is high, processing tableFace quality is good, surface precision is high.
Concretion abrasive ball ring of the present invention adopts the raised design of optimizing, and even wear is relatively good, and face type is difficult for changingBecome, improved stability and the machining accuracy of processing, can long time continuous working, improve working (machining) efficiency.
Concretion abrasive ball ring manufacturing process of the present invention is simple, the spherical mould size while only needing to change regelate,Can quick Fabrication go out to be applicable to the grinding and polishing pad of different radii concave-convex ball bin device fabrication.
Concretion abrasive ball ring of the present invention is lower to the requirement of process equipment, and working (machining) efficiency is high.
Concretion abrasive ball ring of the present invention can water as grinding and polishing liquid, not only cost is low, and can be to ringBorder pollutes, and meets the requirement of current green manufacturing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of concretion abrasive ball ring of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of plane mould of the present invention and cover plate.
Fig. 3 is the top view of plane mould of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of sphere shaper of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment mono-.
As shown in Figure 1.
A kind of sphere workpiece grinding and polishing concretion abrasive pad, it is by sphere base layer 2 and be cemented in the mill on base layer 2The bed of material 1 forms, and described abrasive material 1 is made up of polylith bulge-structure 9, between each bulge-structure 9, be formed for collecting polishing fluid,The chip pocket 10 of abrasive dust and abrasive particle; Abrasive grain density the closer to bulge-structure 9 surfaces at polishing pad summit place is less. As Fig. 1 instituteShow, the thickness of base layer 2 can be 0.2-2 millimeter, and described bulge-structure 9 can be rectangular, triangle, annular, circle or trapezoidal,Its height can be between 0.5-5 millimeter.
Embodiment bis-.
As Figure 1-4
A manufacture method for concretion abrasive pad for sphere workpiece grinding and polishing, it comprises the following steps:
First, design with recessed according to the shape of the bulge-structure 9 of expansion graph of spherical face and designed composition abrasive material 1The plane mould 3 of groove 5 should be designed the enclosure 4 that height is suitable with base layer 2 thickness around described plane mould 3; As figure2, shown in 3
Secondly, preparation abrasive material and base layer raw material; Abrasive material raw material is added by abrasive material, binding agent, various property regulationAgent and curing agent, accelerator etc. fully mix and form, and identical with existing abrasive material, base layer raw material is by binding agent, cunningStone flour, all kinds of properties modifier and curing agent, accelerator etc. evenly mix, also same as the prior art;
The 3rd, abrasive material raw material is spread upon equably in the groove 5 of plane mould, abrasive material raw material is full of all recessedGroove compacting make it to flush with the end face of groove;
The 3rd, base layer raw material is added in the space that described enclosure 4 forms, and the base layer raw material that adds of compacting withThe upper surface flush of enclosure 4;
The 4th, utilize the cover plate 6 matching with plane mould profile to cover plane mould 3, carry out primary solidification, solidification temperatureCan carry out with reference to the solidification temperature of relevant handbook or existing polishing pad, control the primary solidification time between 12-30 minute,To plane pad; Should ensure that the plane polishing spacer after initial solidification has enough toughness, can make it to become by the pressurization of sphere grinding toolGlobulate, and can adapt to the sphere of various different radiis;
The 5th, the plane pad after primary solidification is put into the sphere sizing grinding tool being formed by punch 7 and die 8, asShown in Fig. 4, heating pressurization, carries out regelate, and the temperature of heating can be with reference to relevant handbook or existing polishing pad manufacture method,So that plane polishing pad occurs to soften, moulding pressure can determine by the test adjustment of limited sudden strain of a muscle, while controlling regelateBetween be not less than 2 hours, can obtain the enough rigidity that has shown in Fig. 1, not yielding, can with workpiece face to be processedThe sphere workpiece grinding concretion abrasive polishing pad that type and metal base coincide substantially.
The shape of groove 5 wherein can be rectangular, triangle, annular, circle or trapezoidal, and the degree of depth is between 0.5-5 millimeter.
In order to realize uniform polish, while specifically enforcement, also can come by abrasive material density and the pattern of controlling polishing pad abrasive materialRealize, the aliquot that abrasive material raw material is step distribution by some parts of abrasive material density forms, and abrasive material density is by the projection in Fig. 3Size and spacing distance realize, the inner side of concretion abrasive pad and the density of outer rim are low compared with other place. From Fig. 3 (bowing of hemisphereView) in see, the inner side of concretion abrasive pad (Ji Tu3 center is equivalent to the vertex position place of hemisphere) (is Fig. 3's with outer rimCylindrical, is equivalent to hemisphere near planar cross-sectional position) density low compared with other place, simultaneously as can be seen from Figure 3, ball inner faceBe divided into the sector region (projection) that multiple (four) are identical.
Example 1:
Be suitable for the solidified abrasive grinding pad that spinelle sphere workpiece grinds, it by diamond, carborundum, copper powder,The evenly mixing cured rear formation of resin and other performance additive, its preparation method is: (abrasive material) take particle diameter and be 200 ~The diamond 150g of 230 order plating nickel on surface, taking particle diameter is the carborundum 30g of W40, taking particle diameter is 500 object copper powder 50g,Take resin 200g, take other performance additive 12.5g, after above-mentioned substance is evenly mixed, add thermal curing agents and accelerationAgent stirs again, then evenly being applied in preprepared plane mould; (base layer) takes resin 50g, claimsGet performance additive 2g, take talcum powder 50g, above-mentioned substance is evenly mixed, add thermal curing agents and accelerator again to stirEvenly, be then evenly applied to abrasive material surface, cover mold; Heat 12 minutes primary solidification, put into spherical mould secondary solidChange 2 hours, can obtain being applicable to the concretion abrasive ball ring of sphere grinding and polishing.
The above-mentioned concretion abrasive sphere preparing is adhered on abrasive disk, on polishing machine, slightly grind sphere spinelle workPart test, grinding pressure is 0.1MPa, and the rotating speed of abrasive disk is 900rpm, and polishing fluid is that deionized water does not contain any abrasive material,Polishing fluid flow is 1000ml/min, grinds after 5 minutes through detecting, and material removing rate is 60um/min, the rough surface of workpieceDegree Ra is 859nm.
Change above-mentioned grinding pressure into 0.08MPa, in the situation of other conditions and parameter constant, grind after 5 minutes warpTest material clearance is 50um/min, and surface roughness Ra is 795nm.
Example 2:
Be suitable for the solidified abrasive grinding pad that sphere workpiece grinds, it is by diamond, carborundum, copper powder, graphite, treeThe evenly mixing cured rear formation of fat and other performance additive, its preparation method is: (abrasive material) takes particle diameter is W28 surfaceThe diamond 120g of nickel-clad copper, taking particle diameter is the carborundum 20g of W10, taking particle diameter is 500 object copper powder 30g, takes resin150g, takes graphite 4g, takes other performance additive 10.5g, after above-mentioned substance is evenly mixed, adds thermal curing agents and addsSpeed agent stirs again, is then applied to equably in plane mould; (base layer) takes resin 50g, takes performance and addsAgent 2g, takes talcum powder 50g, and above-mentioned substance is evenly mixed, and adds thermal curing agents and accelerator again to stir, then equalBe applied to abrasive material surface, cover mold evenly; Heat 14 minutes primary solidification, put into spherical mould regelate 2 hours,Obtain being applicable to the solidified abrasive grinding ball ring that sphere grinds.
The above-mentioned solidified abrasive grinding pad preparing is adhered on abrasive disk, on polishing machine, carry out lappingout sphere K9 glassTest, the workpiece before lappingout was slightly ground by 200 ~ 230 grinding pad, and grinding pressure is 0.1MPa, and the rotating speed of abrasive disk is900rpm, polishing fluid is that deionized water does not contain any abrasive material, with ethylenediamine adjusting PH to 11, polishing fluid flow is 1000ml/Min, grinds after 5 minutes through detecting, and material removing rate is 35um/min, and the surface roughness Ra of workpiece is 52nm.
Change above-mentioned grinding pressure into 0.06MPa, in the situation of other conditions and parameter constant, grind after 5 minutes warpTest material clearance is 25um/min, and surface roughness Ra is 45nm.
Example 3:
Be suitable for a solidified abrasive grinding pad for sphere lappingout, it by diamond, carborundum, copper powder, graphite, resin withAnd the evenly mixing cured rear formation of other performance additive, its preparation method is: (abrasive material) takes particle diameter is W14 plating nickel on surfaceDiamond 120g, taking particle diameter is the carborundum 20g of W10, taking particle diameter is 500 object copper powder 30g, takes resin 150g,Take graphite 4g, take other performance additive 10.5g, after above-mentioned substance is evenly mixed, add thermal curing agents and acceleratorAgain stir, be then applied to equably in plane mould; (base layer) takes resin 50g, takes performance additive 2g,Take talcum powder 50g, above-mentioned substance is evenly mixed, add thermal curing agents and accelerator again to stir, then equablyBe applied to abrasive material surface, cover mold; Heat 15 minutes primary solidification, put into spherical mould regelate 2 hours or more than,Obtain being applicable to the solidified abrasive grinding pad of sphere fine grinding.
The above-mentioned concretion abrasive ball ring preparing is adhered on abrasive disk, on polishing machine, carry out lappingout sphere K9 glassTest, the workpiece before lappingout was slightly ground by 200 ~ 230 grinding pad, and grinding pressure is 0.08MPa, and the rotating speed of abrasive disk is900rpm, polishing fluid is that deionized water does not contain any abrasive material, with ethylenediamine adjusting PH to 11, polishing fluid flow is 1000ml/Min, grinds after 10 minutes through detecting, and material removing rate is 8um/min, and the surface roughness Ra of workpiece is 13nm.
Change above-mentioned grinding pressure into 0.04MPa, in the situation of other conditions and parameter constant, grind after 10 minutes warpTest material clearance is 4.5um/min, and surface roughness Ra is 9nm.
Example 4:
Be suitable for a concretion abrasive polishing pad for sphere workpiece polishing, it is added by cerium oxide, resin and other performanceAdd evenly mixing cured rear formation of agent, its preparation method is: (abrasive material) takes the cerium oxide that particle diameter is 1.5um surface modification200g, takes resin 150g, takes other performance additive 10.5g, after above-mentioned substance is evenly mixed, add thermal curing agents andAccelerator stirs again, is then applied to equably in plane mould; (base layer) takes resin 50g, takes performance and addsAdd agent 2g, take talcum powder 50g, above-mentioned substance is evenly mixed, add thermal curing agents and accelerator again to stir, thenBe applied to equably abrasive material surface, cover mold; Heat 30 minutes primary solidification, put into spherical mould secondary solid 2 hours or more than,Can obtain being applicable to the solidified abrasive grinding polishing pad of sphere grinding and polishing.
The above-mentioned concretion abrasive polishing pad preparing is adhered on polishing disk, on polishing machine, carry out polished ball face K9 glassTest, the workpiece before polishing is by the grinding pad lappingout mistake of W14, and polish pressure is 0.05MPa, and the rotating speed of abrasive disk is 900rpm,Polishing fluid is that deionized water does not contain any abrasive material, and with ethylenediamine adjusting PH to 11, polishing fluid flow is 100ml/min, polishingAfter 10 minutes, through detecting, material removing rate is 1um/min, and the surface roughness Ra of workpiece is 0.41 ~ 0.52nm.
The part that the present invention does not relate to all prior art that maybe can adopt same as the prior art is realized.
Fall.
Claims (3)
1. a sphere workpiece grinding and polishing concretion abrasive pad, is characterized in that it is prepared from by following methods:
First, according to the shape of the bulge-structure of expansion graph of spherical face and designed composition abrasive material (1) design be with flutedPlane mould (3), around described plane mould, design the height enclosure (4) suitable with base layer (2) thickness;
Secondly, preparation abrasive material (1) and base layer (2) raw material;
The 3rd, abrasive material raw material is spread upon equably in the groove (5) of plane mould (3), the raw material of abrasive material (1) is full ofFluted (5) compacting make it to flush with the end face of groove;
The 4th, base layer raw material is added in the space of described enclosure (4) composition, and the base layer raw material that adds of compacting with encloseThe upper surface flush of circle (4);
The 5th, utilize the cover plate (6) matching with plane mould (3) profile to cover plane mould (3), carry out primary solidification, controlThe primary solidification time, between 12-30 minute, obtains concretion abrasive plane pad;
The 6th, the concretion abrasive plane pad after primary solidification is put into the sphere sizing mill being formed by punch (7) and die (8)In tool, heating pressurization, carries out regelate, and the control regelate time is not less than 2 hours, can obtain abrasive material (1) by manyPiece bulge-structure forms, and is formed for collecting the chip pocket of polishing fluid, abrasive dust and abrasive particle between each bulge-structure; The closer to polishingThe less sphere workpiece grinding and polishing concretion abrasive pad of abrasive grain density on the bulge-structure surface at pad summit place;
The density of abrasive material is by abrasive material raw material or raised design control, and abrasive material raw material is step by some parts of abrasive material densityThe aliquot composition distributing, the inner side of concretion abrasive pad and the density of outer rim are low compared with other place.
2. sphere workpiece grinding and polishing concretion abrasive pad according to claim 1, the groove (5) described in it is characterized in thatShape is rectangular, triangle, annular, circle or trapezoidal, and the degree of depth is between 0.5-5 millimeter.
3. sphere workpiece grinding and polishing concretion abrasive pad according to claim 1, is characterized in that described base layer (2)Thickness be 0.2-2 millimeter, described bulge-structure is rectangular, triangle, annular, circle or trapezoidal, its height is at 0.5-5Between millimeter.
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| CN104816233B (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-12-15 | 济南大学 | A kind of super precise grinding machine of plate-like grooved cam conduit |
| CN107498454A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-22 | 南安市友和五金制品有限公司 | A kind of manufacture craft of abrasive disk |
| CN112123225A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Elastic milling and polishing tool for machining brittle workpiece and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112171532A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-01-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Elastic milling and polishing tool for free-form surface machining and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112157601B (en) * | 2020-09-26 | 2022-03-11 | 绍兴自远磨具有限公司 | Flexible polishing leather for grinding mobile phone glass and preparation process and application thereof |
| CN112743448A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-04 | 大连理工大学 | Fixed abrasive grinding method for metal flat plate |
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| DE1147134B (en) * | 1958-11-10 | 1963-04-11 | Revere Camera Company Frueher | Laepp and polishing tools, in particular for processing convex or concave optical lenses |
| CN101327577B (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-04-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Fixed abrasive polishing pad with self-finishing function and even wear |
| JP2011235424A (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2011-11-24 | Haruchika Seimitsu:Kk | Dish-shaped diamond grindstone and method for grinding spherical lens |
| CN103381577A (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2013-11-06 | 湖南科技大学 | Preparation method for diamond fiber grinding wheel and section mold |
| TWI568538B (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-02-01 | 中國砂輪企業股份有限公司 | Chemical mechanical polishing conditioner and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103317435B (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2015-06-03 | 江苏中兴西田数控科技有限公司 | Automatic grinding device for spherical pair |
| CN203611119U (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-05-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Consolidation material-grinding pad for grinding and polishing of spherical workpiece |
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