CN115966730A - Fuel cell system with water spray humidification and control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell system with water spray humidification and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115966730A CN115966730A CN202310251726.1A CN202310251726A CN115966730A CN 115966730 A CN115966730 A CN 115966730A CN 202310251726 A CN202310251726 A CN 202310251726A CN 115966730 A CN115966730 A CN 115966730A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell system for water spraying humidification and a control method. The water spraying and humidifying fuel cell system comprises an air inlet system, a hydrogen inlet system and a humidifying system, wherein the air outlet end of the electric pile is connected with a water separator; the humidification system includes: the hydrogen supply system comprises a low-pressure water storage tank, a high-pressure water storage tank, a water spraying branch, a gas supply branch, a hydrogen inlet system, a high-pressure water storage tank and an exhaust branch, wherein the low-pressure water storage tank is communicated with the water separator; the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank is discharged into the high-pressure water storage tank through self gravity and/or air pressure difference, and the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank is sprayed to the air inlet system through the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank. The control method is applied to the system. The invention can realize water inlet without a water pump, reduce the cost and the power consumption and enhance the stability of system operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell system for humidifying by water spraying and a control method.
Background
A fuel cell system is a power supply system that generates electric power by supplying hydrogen and air to a stack so that the hydrogen and oxygen in the air chemically react on the stack. Among other things, the humidity of the air entering the stack has a large impact on the performance and life of the stack, and therefore external humidification of the air before delivery to the stack is often required. Currently, the industry mainly uses a membrane tube humidifier to externally humidify the air before being delivered to the stack. However, the membrane tube humidifier has a large volume and high cost, and the time for use increases, and the humidification performance of the membrane tube humidifier deteriorates; moreover, the membrane tube humidifier is a passive humidification device, and it is difficult to achieve precise control of the actual humidification amount. This poses a great challenge to cost reduction, volume reduction, and reliability improvement of the fuel cell system.
For this reason, other humidification methods are also sought, one of which is ultrasonic atomization humidification. The ultrasonic atomization humidifying device disclosed by the prior art comprises a water storage container, a water pump and an atomization generator, wherein liquid separated from a gas-liquid separator is collected by the water storage container, pressurized and conveyed to the atomization generator through the water pump, and returns to an air inlet pipeline through a guider after compressed gas enters the atomization generator for humidification, so that humidification is realized. Although this prior art can realize the water spray humidification, because at the operation in-process, there is pressure in the atomization generator always, the water pump need have great pressure rise to overcome the pressure in the atomization generator, just can carry the liquid in the water storage container into the atomization generator. Therefore, the prior art needs to be provided with a water pump, and the water pump needs to provide higher pressure rise, which brings serious negative effects on the power consumption and the abrasion of the water pump; this increases the cost of the fuel cell system and increases the risk of failure.
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a technical solution to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell system for water spraying and humidifying and a control method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and the fuel cell system can realize water inlet without a water pump, reduce the cost and the power consumption and enhance the stability of the system operation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a fuel cell system for water spraying humidification comprises an air inlet system for conveying air to a galvanic pile, a hydrogen inlet system for conveying hydrogen to the galvanic pile, and a humidification system for humidifying the air before the air is conveyed to the galvanic pile, wherein the air outlet end of the galvanic pile is connected with a water separator for separating gas and liquid exhausted from the galvanic pile; the humidification system includes:
the low-pressure water storage tank is communicated with the water separator and is used for collecting the liquid separated by the water separator;
the high-pressure water storage tank is connected with the low-pressure water storage tank through a water inlet valve, the water inlet valve can be opened to discharge liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank into the high-pressure water storage tank, and the water inlet valve can be closed to block the communication between the high-pressure water storage tank and the air pressure environment of the low-pressure water storage tank;
the water spraying branch is connected between the high-pressure water storage tank and the air inlet system and comprises a nozzle used for spraying the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank to the air inlet system;
the gas supply branch is connected between the hydrogen inlet system and the high-pressure water storage tank, and is provided with a gas supply valve for introducing hydrogen from the hydrogen inlet system and introducing the hydrogen into the high-pressure water storage tank; the exhaust branch is provided with an exhaust valve for exhausting the hydrogen in the high-pressure water storage tank;
the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank is discharged into the high-pressure water storage tank through self gravity and/or air pressure difference, and the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank is injected into the air inlet system through the hydrogen pressure introduced into the high-pressure water storage tank.
As the scheme of this application further improvement, the low pressure is held the position and is higher than the high pressure is held the water jar, the liquid in the low pressure is held the water jar and is opened through self gravity the water intaking valve flow direction the high pressure is held the water jar.
As the further modified scheme of this application, the water knockout drum includes the cathode water knockout drum, the cathode water knockout drum intercommunication tail calandria is in order to discharge the gas of isolating, the cathode water knockout drum with be provided with the tail row valve between the tail calandria, the adjustable in order to increase of tail row valve aperture the cathode water knockout drum with atmospheric pressure in the low pressure retaining jar makes liquid in the low pressure retaining jar passes through atmospheric pressure is opened the water intaking valve flow direction the high pressure retaining jar.
As a further development of the present application, the inlet valve is a one-way valve.
As a further development of the application, the exhaust branch is connected to the cathode water separator or to the exhaust pipe.
As the scheme of further improvement of the application, a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the air supply branch to adjust the air pressure of the hydrogen entering the high-pressure water storage tank.
As the scheme of this application further development, the water knockout drum includes the positive pole water knockout drum, the gas outlet of positive pole water knockout drum is connected to hydrogen circulation system, high pressure retaining jar with still be connected with hydrogen between the positive pole water knockout drum and retrieve the branch road, be equipped with the anode bleed valve on the hydrogen recovery branch road.
The invention is also realized by the following technical scheme: a control method of a fuel cell system for humidification of water spray, applied to the fuel cell system as described above, characterized by comprising:
water filling: the air supply valve is closed, the exhaust valve is opened, the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank is released, and the water inlet valve is opened to discharge the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank to the high-pressure water storage tank;
pressurizing: the hydrogen inlet system is operated, the gas supply valve is opened, and the gas exhaust valve is closed, so that pressurized hydrogen is introduced into the high-pressure water storage tank to increase the gas pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank;
water spraying: the air intake system operates, the nozzle of the water spray branch is opened, and the air pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank drives the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank to be sprayed into the air intake system.
As a further improved scheme of the application, the low-pressure water storage tank is arranged at a position higher than the high-pressure water storage tank, and when water is filled, liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank flows to the high-pressure water storage tank through self gravity;
or, the water knockout drum intercommunication tail calandria is in order to discharge the gaseous discharge of separation, the water knockout drum with be provided with the adjustable tail calandria of aperture between the tail calandria, when filling water, tail calandria aperture is transferred for an short time in order to increase the water knockout drum with atmospheric pressure in the low pressure retaining jar makes liquid in the low pressure retaining jar by atmospheric pressure flow direction high pressure retaining jar.
As a further improved scheme of the application, the water separator comprises an anode water separator, a gas outlet of the anode water separator is connected to a hydrogen circulation system, a hydrogen recovery branch is further connected between the high-pressure water storage tank and the anode water separator, and an anode deflation valve is arranged on the hydrogen recovery branch; the control method further comprises the following steps:
exhaust gas recovery: the gas supply valve and the exhaust valve are both closed, and the anode deflation valve is opened, so that part of hydrogen in the high-pressure water storage tank enters a hydrogen circulation system through the anode water separator, and the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank is partially released.
The fuel cell system capable of spraying water and humidifying and the control method thereof can collect the liquid separated by the water separator into the low-pressure water storage tank, realize the pressure change of the high-pressure water storage tank by introducing and discharging hydrogen into the high-pressure water storage tank, and realize that the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank can be discharged into the high-pressure water storage tank without a water pump; meanwhile, the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank can be sprayed into the middle air inlet system without a water pump so as to realize air inlet humidification. Namely, the scheme of the invention can realize water inlet without a water pump, reduce the cost and the power consumption and enhance the stability of system operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a first embodiment of the fuel cell system for humidifying with water spray according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a system diagram of a second embodiment of the fuel cell system with water spray humidification according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a system diagram of a third embodiment of the fuel cell system with water spray humidification according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a system diagram of a fourth embodiment of the water spray humidification fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a fuel cell system control method of water spray humidification of the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows: 1-atmospheric environment; 2-an air filter; 3, an air compressor; 4-an intercooler; 5-electric pile; 6-cathode water separator; 7-low pressure water storage tank; 8-a water inlet valve; 9-high pressure water storage tank; 10-a pressure sensor; 11-an exhaust valve; 12-an air supply valve; 13-a nozzle; 14-a hydrogen supply system; 15-hydrogen inlet valve; 16-anode circulation pump; 17-an anode water separator; 18-tail calandria; 19-a tail drain valve; 20-anode bleed valve; 101-a water spray branch; 102-a gas supply branch; 103-exhaust branch; 104-pressure reducing valve.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present application provides a water spray humidification fuel cell system, which includes an air inlet system for supplying air to a stack 5, a hydrogen inlet system for supplying hydrogen to the stack 5, and a humidification system for humidifying the air before being supplied to the stack 5.
As shown in fig. 1, the air intake system is in communication with the atmospheric environment 1, and is configured to take air from the atmospheric environment 1, compress the air and deliver the air to the stack 5. Specifically, the air intake system at least comprises an air compressor 3 and an air intake pipe connected between the air compressor 3 and the electric pile 5. In order to ensure the cleanness of the air entering the electric pile 5, the air inlet system further comprises an air filter 2 arranged on the upstream of the air compressor 3 and used for filtering the air and then compressing the air by the air compressor 3. The air temperature after the compression is higher, and the air of higher temperature reacts on galvanic pile 5 and can produce adverse effect to galvanic pile 5, therefore air intake system still including set up in air compressor machine 3 with intercooler 4 between galvanic pile 5 for reduce compressed air's temperature. The intercooler 4 is connected with the hydrothermal system to realize heat exchange between the temperature of the compressed air and the hydrothermal system. The hydrogen inlet system obtains hydrogen from the hydrogen supply system 14 and delivers the hydrogen to the electric pile 5 so as to react with air input by the hydrogen inlet system on the electric pile 5 to generate electric energy. The hydrogen inlet system comprises a hydrogen inlet valve 15, an anode circulation pump 16 and an anode water separator 17.
After the air conveyed by the air inlet system and the hydrogen conveyed by the hydrogen inlet system react on the galvanic pile 5, the gas which is not completely reacted and the liquid generated in the reaction are discharged out of the galvanic pile 5 from the gas outlet end of the galvanic pile 5, and the gas and the liquid are separated by a water separator and then recycled or discharged. The water separator can comprise an anode water separator 17 used for separating unreacted hydrogen and liquid, wherein the gas outlet of the anode water separator 17 is connected to a hydrogen circulation system, namely, the separated hydrogen enters the galvanic pile 5 through an anode circulation pump 16 for circulation reaction, and the separated liquid is used for humidifying the humidifying system. The water separator may include a cathode water separator 6 for separating unreacted air and liquid, the cathode water separator 6 communicating with a tail pipe 18 for discharging separated gas, the separated liquid for humidification by a humidification system.
The humidification system comprises a low-pressure water storage tank 7, a high-pressure water storage tank 9, a water spraying branch 101, a pressurized gas supply branch 102 and a pressurized gas exhaust branch 103.
The low-pressure water storage tank 7 is communicated with the water separator and is used for collecting liquid separated by the water separator. The high-pressure water storage tank 9 is connected with the low-pressure water storage tank 7 through a water inlet valve 8. The inlet valve 8 can be opened to discharge the liquid in the low pressure reservoir tank 7 into the high pressure reservoir tank 9, and the inlet valve 8 can be closed to block the communication between the high pressure reservoir tank 9 and the air pressure environment of the low pressure reservoir tank 7. It should be noted that, the high-pressure water storage tank 9 does not have its interior continuously maintained at a high pressure, and in different stages of use, its interior may be pressurized to form a high-pressure air pressure environment, and may also have its interior pressure released to form a normal-pressure air pressure environment. It should be noted that the high pressure of the high-pressure reservoir tank 9 is higher than the pressure in the non-pressurized state, and is comparatively high, and does not represent that the high pressure is higher than a specific pressure value.
The water spray branch 101 is connected between the high-pressure water storage tank 9 and the air intake system, and the water spray branch 101 includes a nozzle 13 for spraying the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 to the air intake system. In this embodiment, the nozzle 13 is an atomizing nozzle, which can spray the liquid in an atomized state. The liquid sprayed in the atomized state has better humidification uniformity to the compressed air. The nozzle 13 is connected to an air inlet pipe between the air compressor 3 and the intercooler 4. The gas is high temperature and high pressure gas, which can effectively evaporate the atomized liquid sprayed therein, and has better humidifying effect on the compressed air, so that the nozzle 13 is connected thereto to spray water thereto.
The supply branch 101 and the exhaust branch 102 of the pressurized gas are used for realizing pressurization and pressure release of the high-pressure water storage tank 9. The gas supply branch 101 is connected between the hydrogen inlet system and the high-pressure water storage tank 9, and a gas supply valve 12 is arranged on the gas supply branch 101 and used for introducing hydrogen into the high-pressure water storage tank 9 from the hydrogen inlet system when pressurization is needed. The exhaust branch 102 is provided with an exhaust valve 11 for exhausting the hydrogen in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 when the pressure needs to be released. In one embodiment, the exhaust branch 102 is connected to the cathode water separator 6 or to the tail pipe 18. The liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank 7 is discharged into the high-pressure water storage tank 9 through self gravity and/or air pressure difference by controlling the air supply branch 101 and the air exhaust branch 102, and the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 is injected into the air inlet system through the pressure of the hydrogen introduced into the high-pressure water storage tank 9. In one embodiment, the supply valve 12 and the exhaust valve 11 are both solenoid valves, which are convenient to control and have high control accuracy. The air supply valve 12 and the exhaust valve 11 are controlled in an interlocking manner so that the states of the air supply valve 12 and the exhaust valve 11 are reversed, that is, the exhaust valve 11 is closed when the air supply valve 12 is opened, and the exhaust valve 11 is opened when the air supply valve 12 is closed. In order to better monitor the air pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9, a pressure sensor 10 is also arranged on the high-pressure water storage tank 9.
Referring to fig. 5, the operation of the fuel cell system with water spray humidification provided by the present invention is as follows:
s1, water filling: the air supply valve 12 is closed and the exhaust valve 11 is opened, so that the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 is released, and the water inlet valve 8 is opened to discharge the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank 7 to the high-pressure water storage tank 9;
s2, pressurization: the hydrogen inlet system is operated, the gas supply valve 12 is opened, and the gas exhaust valve 11 is closed, so that pressurized hydrogen gas is introduced into the high-pressure water storage tank 9 to increase the gas pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9;
s3, water spraying: when the air intake system is operated, the nozzle 13 of the water spraying branch 101 is opened, and the air pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 drives the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 to be sprayed into the air intake system.
The fuel cell system capable of spraying water and humidifying provided by the invention can collect the liquid separated by the water separator into the low-pressure water storage tank 7, and realize the pressure change of the high-pressure water storage tank 9 by introducing and discharging hydrogen into and from the high-pressure water storage tank 9, so that the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank 7 can be discharged into the high-pressure water storage tank 9 without a water pump; meanwhile, the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 can be sprayed into the middle air inlet system without a water pump so as to realize air inlet humidification. The scheme of the invention can realize water inlet without a water pump, reduce the cost and the power consumption and enhance the stability of system operation.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-pressure water storage tank 7 is continuously connected to the water separator, and the low-pressure water storage tank 7 is used to store the liquid discharged from the water separator in real time, so as to ensure that the water separator can continuously and stably operate without being affected. In other embodiments, the diverter may be constructed to include a chamber for storing water as the low pressure reservoir tank 7, it being understood that this arrangement does not depart from the concept of a low pressure reservoir tank 7 and still covers the low pressure reservoir tank 7. It should be noted that, the low-pressure water storage tank 7 is the low-pressure water storage tank 7 which is normally communicated with the tail pipe 18 through the cathode water separator 6, and the pressure of the low-pressure water storage tank is tail discharge pressure or ambient atmospheric pressure. Low pressure is low relative to pressurization and is not representative of being below a particular pressure value.
Further, in the present embodiment, the water inlet valve 8 is a one-way valve. The one-way valve allows the liquid in the low pressure reservoir 7 to flow to the high pressure reservoir 9 and not vice versa. In this embodiment, the check valve is a mechanical check valve, when the components of the fuel cell system for spraying water and humidifying are arranged, the low-pressure water storage tank 7 is arranged higher than the high-pressure water storage tank 9, and when the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 is released, the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank 7 can open the water inlet valve 8 by its own gravity and flow to the high-pressure water storage tank 9. In other embodiments, the water inlet valve 8 may be configured as an electrically controlled valve such as a solenoid valve.
Please refer to fig. 3, which is a system diagram of a fuel cell system with water spray humidification according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The main difference between the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 is that a hydrogen recovery branch is further provided, and a tail drain valve 19 is further provided on a tail drain pipe 18, so as to realize water discharge into the high-pressure water storage tank 9 by throttling and adjusting the air pressure in the water separator and the low-pressure water storage tank 7.
Specifically, the water knockout drum includes positive pole water knockout drum 17, the gas outlet of positive pole water knockout drum 17 is connected to hydrogen circulation system, high pressure retaining jar 9 with be connected with hydrogen recovery branch road between the positive pole water knockout drum 17, be equipped with positive pole bleed valve 20 on the hydrogen recovery branch road. The waste of hydrogen can be reduced by arranging the hydrogen recovery branch, and the system efficiency is improved. When the high-pressure water storage tank 9 needs to be deflated, the anode deflation valve 20 is opened firstly, and hydrogen is led into the anode loop of the pile 5 for power generation consumption; the pressure of the high-pressure water storage tank 9 gradually decreases along with the air bleeding, when the pressure is reduced to be close to the anode pressure, the anode air bleeding valve 20 is closed, and the exhaust valve 11 connected with the tail discharge pipe 18 is opened, so that the pressure of the high-pressure water storage tank 9 is further reduced to be close to the pressure of the low-pressure water storage tank 7.
Further, be provided with tail valve 19 between the cathode water knockout drum 6 and the tail calandria 18, the 19 apertures of tail valve are adjustable in order to increase the cathode water knockout drum 6 with atmospheric pressure in the low pressure water storage tank 7 makes liquid in the low pressure water storage tank 7 passes through atmospheric pressure is opened the water intaking valve 8 flows to the high pressure water storage tank 9. In this embodiment, the pressure of the low-pressure water storage tank 7 is controlled by the gas volume discharged from the cathode water separator 6 to realize water discharge, so that the setting positions of the low-pressure water storage tank 7 and the high-pressure water storage tank 9 can be more flexible, the high-pressure water storage tank 9 does not need to be ensured to be lower than the low-pressure water storage tank 7, the flexibility of system arrangement is improved, the flowing speed of liquid from the low-pressure water storage tank 7 to the high-pressure water storage tank 9 can be increased, and the water filling time is shortened. The exhaust valve 19 may be a throttle valve or may be doubled by an existing back pressure valve in the fuel cell system.
Fig. 2 is a system diagram of a fuel cell system with water spray humidification according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The main difference from the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 is that a pressure reducing valve 104 is provided on the gas supply branch 101 to regulate the pressure of the hydrogen gas entering the high-pressure water storage tank 9.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the pressure of the hydrogen gas provided by the hydrogen inlet system is about 10-20bar, the pressure of the compressed air in the hydrogen inlet system is about 200Kpa, and the pressure provided by the hydrogen inlet system is much higher than the pressure of the hydrogen inlet system. Such a large pressure differential achieves more than enough to drive the liquid in the high pressure reservoir 9 through the nozzle 13 to spray into the air intake system. By providing the pressure reducing valve 104, a more suitable spray pressure can be achieved, and the consumption of hydrogen gas due to the water filling and pressurizing processes can be further reduced. For better monitoring of the air pressure in the high-pressure reservoir 9, a pressure sensor (not shown in fig. 2) is also provided on the high-pressure reservoir 9. Other components in this embodiment can be configured according to the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
Please refer to fig. 4, which is a system diagram of a fuel cell system with water spray humidification according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The main difference between the second embodiment shown in fig. 2 is that a hydrogen recovery branch is further provided, and a tail drain valve 19 is further provided on a tail drain pipe 18, so as to realize water discharge into the high-pressure water storage tank 9 by throttling and adjusting the air pressure in the water separator and the low-pressure water storage tank 7. The arrangement of the hydrogen recovery branch and the tail valve 19 can refer to the third arrangement of the embodiment shown in fig. 3, and will not be described again here.
Referring to fig. 5, the present invention further provides a method for controlling a fuel cell system with water spray humidification, which is applied to the intake air humidification system, and the method comprises:
s1, water filling: the air supply valve 12 is closed and the exhaust valve 11 is opened, so that the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 is released, and the water inlet valve 8 is opened to discharge the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank 7 to the high-pressure water storage tank 9;
s2, pressurization: the hydrogen inlet system is operated, the air supply valve 12 is opened, and the exhaust valve 11 is closed, so that pressurized hydrogen is introduced into the high-pressure water storage tank 9 to increase the air pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9;
s3, water spraying: when the air intake system is operated, the nozzle 13 of the water spraying branch 101 is opened, and the air pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 drives the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 to be sprayed into the air intake system.
Because the gas in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 needs to be discharged in the water filling process, water can not be sprayed or the water spraying effect is poor, the water filling process is selected to be carried out in the operation stage or the working condition with low air inlet humidifying requirement of the fuel cell system. In one embodiment, the pressurizing process and the spraying process can be performed simultaneously, that is, the air supply branch 102 and the spraying branch 101 are opened simultaneously, so that the air pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 maintains a dynamic balance state, and a stable spraying pressure can be realized. In another embodiment, the pressurizing process and the water spraying process may be performed sequentially, that is, the air supply branch 102 is closed after the pressurizing is completed, at this time, the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 is reduced along with the water spraying process, and when the pressure is reduced to a preset value, the air supply branch 102 is opened again to pressurize the inside of the high-pressure water storage tank, and the process is repeated. The preset value is, for example, a critical value at which the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 can be just sprayed out, and when the pressure is smaller than the preset value, the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 cannot be sprayed into the air intake system.
Further, the control method further includes exhaust gas recovery: the gas supply valve 12 and the gas exhaust valve 11 are both closed, and the anode bleed valve 20 is opened, so that part of hydrogen in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 enters a hydrogen circulation system through the anode water separator 17, and the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 is partially released. The exhaust gas recovery step is arranged before the water filling step, and can realize that a part of hydrogen for pressurization is led into an anode loop of the electric pile 5 for power generation consumption; the pressure of the high-pressure water storage tank 9 gradually decreases along with the air bleeding, when the pressure is reduced to be close to the anode pressure, the anode bleed valve 20 is closed, and the exhaust valve 11 connected with the tail discharge pipe 18 is opened to carry out the water filling step.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in these embodiments, the low pressure water tank 7 is disposed higher than the high pressure water tank 9, and when filling water, the liquid in the low pressure water tank 7 flows to the high pressure water tank 9 by its own weight.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4 together, in these embodiments, the water separator communicates with the tail pipe 18 to discharge the separated gas, a tail valve 19 with an adjustable opening is disposed between the water separator and the tail pipe 18, and during water filling, the opening of the tail valve 19 is adjusted to be smaller to increase the air pressure in the water separator and the low-pressure water storage tank 7, so that the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank 7 flows to the high-pressure water storage tank 9 by the air pressure.
As can be seen from the above description of the specific embodiment, the fuel cell system and the control method for humidifying by spraying water provided by the invention can collect the liquid separated by the water separator into the low-pressure water storage tank 7, and realize the pressure change of the high-pressure water storage tank 9 by introducing and discharging hydrogen into and from the high-pressure water storage tank 9, so that the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank 7 can be discharged into the high-pressure water storage tank 9 without a water pump; meanwhile, the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank 9 can be sprayed into the middle air inlet system without a water pump so as to realize air inlet humidification. The scheme of the invention can realize water inlet without a water pump, reduce the cost and the power consumption and enhance the stability of system operation.
While the invention has been described with reference to several particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system for water spraying humidification comprises an air inlet system for conveying air to a galvanic pile, a hydrogen inlet system for conveying hydrogen to the galvanic pile, and a humidification system for humidifying the air before the air is conveyed to the galvanic pile, wherein the air outlet end of the galvanic pile is connected with a water separator for separating gas and liquid exhausted from the galvanic pile; characterized in that said humidification system comprises:
the low-pressure water storage tank is communicated with the water separator and is used for collecting the liquid separated by the water separator;
the high-pressure water storage tank is connected with the low-pressure water storage tank through a water inlet valve, the water inlet valve can be opened to discharge liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank into the high-pressure water storage tank, and the water inlet valve can be closed to block the communication between the high-pressure water storage tank and the air pressure environment of the low-pressure water storage tank;
the water spraying branch is connected between the high-pressure water storage tank and the air inlet system and comprises a nozzle used for spraying the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank to the air inlet system;
the gas supply branch is connected between the hydrogen inlet system and the high-pressure water storage tank, and is provided with a gas supply valve for introducing hydrogen from the hydrogen inlet system and introducing the hydrogen into the high-pressure water storage tank; the exhaust branch is provided with an exhaust valve for exhausting the hydrogen in the high-pressure water storage tank;
the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank is discharged into the high-pressure water storage tank through self gravity and/or air pressure difference, and the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank is injected into the air inlet system through the hydrogen pressure introduced into the high-pressure water storage tank.
2. The water spray humidification fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the low pressure reservoir is positioned higher than the high pressure reservoir, and the liquid in the low pressure reservoir opens the water inlet valve to flow to the high pressure reservoir by its own weight.
3. The water-spraying humidifying fuel cell system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water separator comprises a cathode water separator, the cathode water separator is communicated with a tail pipe to discharge separated gas, a tail valve is arranged between the cathode water separator and the tail pipe, and the opening degree of the tail valve is adjustable to increase the air pressure in the cathode water separator and the low-pressure water storage tank, so that liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank opens the water inlet valve through the air pressure to flow to the high-pressure water storage tank.
4. The water spray humidified fuel cell system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the water inlet valve is a check valve.
5. The water jet humidified fuel cell system of claim 3, wherein the exhaust branch is connected to the cathode water separator or to the tail pipe.
6. The water spray humidified fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein a pressure reducing valve is provided on the air supply branch to adjust the pressure of hydrogen gas entering the high pressure water storage tank.
7. The water-spraying humidifying fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water separator comprises an anode water separator, the gas outlet of the anode water separator is connected to a hydrogen circulation system, a hydrogen recovery branch is further connected between the high-pressure water storage tank and the anode water separator, and an anode deflation valve is arranged on the hydrogen recovery branch.
8. A fuel cell system control method of humidifying water spray, applied to the fuel cell system of claim 1, characterized by comprising:
filling water: the air supply valve is closed, the exhaust valve is opened, the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank is released, and the water inlet valve is opened to discharge the liquid in the low-pressure water storage tank to the high-pressure water storage tank;
pressurizing: the hydrogen inlet system is operated, the gas supply valve is opened, and the gas exhaust valve is closed, so that pressurized hydrogen is introduced into the high-pressure water storage tank to increase the gas pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank;
water spraying: the air intake system operates, the nozzle of the water spray branch is opened, and the air pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank drives the liquid in the high-pressure water storage tank to be sprayed into the air intake system.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the low pressure reservoir is located higher than the high pressure reservoir, and when filling, the liquid in the low pressure reservoir flows to the high pressure reservoir by its own weight;
or, the water knockout drum intercommunication tail calandria is in order to discharge the gas outgoing who separates, the water knockout drum with be provided with the adjustable tail calandria of aperture between the tail calandria valve, during the water filling, tail calandria valve aperture is transferred down in order to increase the water knockout drum with atmospheric pressure in the low pressure retaining jar makes liquid in the low pressure retaining jar by atmospheric pressure flow direction the high pressure retaining jar.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the water separator comprises an anode water separator, the outlet of the anode water separator is connected to a hydrogen circulation system, a hydrogen recovery branch is connected between the high pressure water storage tank and the anode water separator, and an anode purge valve is arranged on the hydrogen recovery branch; the control method further comprises the following steps:
exhaust gas recovery: the air supply valve with the discharge valve is all closed, the anode deflation valve is opened, partial hydrogen in the high-pressure water storage tank enters a hydrogen circulation system through the anode water separator, and the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank is partially released.
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| CN113258101A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-13 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and operation control method thereof |
| CN114420976A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-29 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Intake air humidifying system for fuel cell |
| CN115064730A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-16 | 冠驰新能科技(南京)有限公司 | Humidifying method for full life cycle of fuel cell |
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| DE102015213913A1 (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-01-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method and system for discharging anode exhaust gas of a fuel cell |
| CN110649284A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-03 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and vehicle with same |
| CN110165249A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-23 | 势加透博（北京）科技有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen fuel cell air inlet humidifying device |
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