CN115963596A - Single-mode optical fiber suitable for electric power super-long distance optical transmission - Google Patents
Single-mode optical fiber suitable for electric power super-long distance optical transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN115963596A CN115963596A CN202211724366.4A CN202211724366A CN115963596A CN 115963596 A CN115963596 A CN 115963596A CN 202211724366 A CN202211724366 A CN 202211724366A CN 115963596 A CN115963596 A CN 115963596A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-mode optical fiber suitable for electric power ultra-long distance optical transmission, which comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the core layer comprises a sunken core layer and an outer core layer from the center to the outside, and the radius R of the sunken core layer 1 Is 3-5 μm, DELTA n 1 Is-0.08% -0.025%, and the radius R of the outer core layer 2 Is 5.5 to 8.0 mu m, delta n 2 Is-0.07% -0.11%, the cladding comprises an inner cladding, a sunken inner cladding, an auxiliary outer cladding and an outer cladding from inside to outside, and the radius R of the inner cladding is 3 Is 8.5 to 15.5 mu m, delta n 3 Is-0.25% -0.16%, and the radius R of the depressed inner cladding layer 4 Is 16-20 μm, Δ n 4 Is-0.2% -0.55%, and the radius R of the auxiliary inner cladding layer 5 Is 37 to 52 mu m, delta n 5 Is-0.13% -0.06%, and the outer cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer. The invention not only has low attenuation, large effective area and good bending property, but also can be usedHigh-speed wire drawing is used, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the cost of the optical fiber is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a single-mode optical fiber suitable for electric power ultra-long distance optical transmission, which is used for a long-distance, large-capacity and high-speed communication transmission system of an electric power system and belongs to the technical field of optical communication.
Background
The construction of the cross-regional ultra-long-distance optical cable and the high-capacity communication system of the extra-high voltage matched communication engineering can comprehensively strengthen the electric power communication core network architecture, greatly improve the electric power communication transmission capability and provide a faster and safer communication base platform for the national power grid energy Internet. However, an extra-high voltage line is long, the terrain of a passing area is complex, the crossing and crossing at the stringing construction stage are dense, the construction quality and process requirements are high, the debugging and opening technical difficulty of a communication system is high, and the construction and maintenance of a relay station are difficult, so that a severe challenge is provided for the traditional ultra-long station-to-station optical fiber communication system.
With the advent of coherent transmission technology, some important indexes originally limiting long-distance, large-capacity and high-speed transmission in the field of optical fiber transmission are no longer limitations, and indexes of Chromatic Dispersion (CD) and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) in future transmission systems can be further relaxed. The attenuation and effective area of optical fibers still become important issues limiting the development of optical communication technology. The g.654.e optical fiber for terrestrial transmission has a larger effective area while reducing attenuation, can reduce the influence of nonlinear effect, allows higher fiber-incoming optical power, and realizes transmission of longer span, so it is necessary to develop and manufacture an ultra-low attenuation large effective area optical fiber suitable for electric long-distance, large-capacity, and high-speed transmission systems.
In order to enable optical signals to be transmitted smoothly in an optical fiber, a core layer of the optical fiber needs to have a high refractive index, while a cladding needs to have a low refractive index to form total reflection, a germanium material is usually added into the core layer of the optical fiber to improve the refractive index of the core layer, and an outer cladding layer adopts pure silicon or doped F to reduce the refractive index; in addition, the core layer can be made of pure silicon dioxide, and the outer cladding layer is deeply doped with F to reduce the refractive index, so that a proper refractive index difference is obtained. In order to obtain lower attenuation, in the preparation of the optical fiber, the rayleigh scattering coefficient of the core layer should be reduced as much as possible, the influence factors of the rayleigh scattering coefficient can be divided into a concentration factor and a density factor, the concentration factor can be reduced by reducing the amount of the dopant, when the optical fiber core layer is made of pure silicon material, the concentration factor is minimum, but because the viscosity of the pure silicon material is higher, a larger viscosity difference exists with the optical fiber formed by doping the F cladding layer, viscosity mismatch is easily formed, and attenuation is higher, so that the problem of viscosity match needs to be considered while the concentration factor is reduced, the viscosity mismatch can bring about larger stress of the core layer optical fiber, so that attenuation is increased, in order to reduce the stress of the optical fiber, the optical fiber made of the pure silicon core layer material needs to be drawn at a low speed in the drawing process, so that production efficiency is reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the optical fiber is increased. In the design of the refractive index profile of the current large effective area optical fiber, the large effective area is often obtained by increasing the diameter of the optical core layer used for transmitting optical signals. The scheme has certain design difficulty. On the one hand, the core layer and the cladding layer close to the core layer of the optical fiber mainly determine the basic performance of the optical fiber and occupy a large proportion of the manufacturing cost of the optical fiber, and if the designed radial size of the core layer is too large, the manufacturing cost of the optical fiber is inevitably increased, and the price of the optical fiber is increased, which becomes an obstacle for the widespread application of the optical fiber. On the other hand, compared with the common single-mode fiber, the increase of the effective area of the fiber can bring about the deterioration of other parameters of the fiber: for example, the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber will increase, and if the cut-off wavelength is too large, it is difficult to ensure the single mode state of the optical signal in the transmission band of the optical fiber; in addition, improper design of the fiber refractive index profile can also lead to deterioration of parameters such as bending performance and dispersion.
Document US2010022533 proposes a design of a large effective area fiber, which uses a pure silicon core design, no co-doping of germanium and fluorine in the core layer, and uses fluorine-doped silica as the outer cladding layer, in order to obtain a lower rayleigh coefficient. For the design of the pure silicon core, the complicated viscosity matching must be carried out in the optical fiber, and the extremely low speed is required to be adopted in the drawing process, so that the attenuation increase caused by the defects in the optical fiber caused by high-speed drawing is avoided, and the manufacturing process is extremely complicated.
Document CN 10232392A describes an optical fiber with a larger effective area. The effective area of the optical fiber reaches 150 mu m 2 However, the core layer design of the conventional germanium-fluorine co-doping mode is adopted, and the performance indexes of cut-off wavelength and attenuation are sacrificed. It allows cable cut-off wavelengths above 1450nm, in the described embodiment of which the cabled cut-off wavelength reaches even above 1800 nm. In practical applications, too high a cutoff wavelength is difficult to ensure that the optical fiber is cut off in the application band, and thus it is impossible to ensure that the optical signal is transmittedSingle mode state. Therefore, such optical fibers may face a number of practical problems in applications. In addition, in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the depressed cladding outer diameter r 3 A minimum of 16.3 μm, which is also somewhat larger. The invention does not allow for an optimal combination of fiber parameters (e.g., effective area, cutoff wavelength, etc.) and fiber manufacturing costs.
Document CN103257393A describes a low attenuation optical fiber with a depressed layer at the central core position. The effective area of the optical fiber reaches 150 mu m 2 Above, the attenuation is less than or equal to 0.175dB/km. But because of adopting the design of the conventional fluorine outer cladding layer, the viscosity of the core layer is still larger relative to the fluorine outer cladding layer, defects are still easy to generate in the drawing process, and the further reduction of the attenuation performance of the optical fiber is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The following are definitions and descriptions of some terms involved in the present invention:
ppm: parts per million by weight.
Starting from the most central axis of the fiber, the layer defined as the layer closest to the axis is the core layer and the outermost layer of the fiber is defined as the fiber outer cladding layer, depending on the change in refractive index.
Relative refractive index difference Δ n of each layer of the optical fiber i Defined by the following equation:
wherein n is i Is the refractive index of the core, and n c Is the refractive index of pure silica.
The relative refractive index difference contribution Δ Ge of the Ge doping of the core layer of the optical fiber is defined by the following equation:
wherein n is Ge In order to assume the Ge dopant of the core, the change in the refractive index of the silica glass is caused in pure silica doped with no other dopants, where n c Is the refractive index of pure silica.
The relative refractive index contribution Δ F of the optical fiber core and inner cladding F doping is defined by the following equation:
wherein n is F In order to assume F dopants at the core or inner cladding position, in pure silica glass doped without other dopants, an amount of change in the refractive index of the silica glass is caused, where n c Is the refractive index of pure silica.
Effective area A of optical fiber eff Is defined by the formula:
where E is the electric field associated with propagation and r is the distance from the axis to the point of electric field distribution.
Optical cable cut-off wavelength lambda cc As defined in IEC standard 60793-1-44, the cable cutoff wavelength is the wavelength at which an optical signal no longer propagates as a single mode signal after 22m has propagated in the fiber. During testing, a 22m long optical fiber which is not cabled is wound by n circles with the radius larger than or equal to 14cm, and a circle with the radius of 4cm is added at each end to be used as a test condition to obtain data.
The microbending test Method refers to the Method of specifying Method B in IEC TR62221-2012 for testing, and since long wavelength is more sensitive to bending and increases in an exponential form, and the test wavelength range is 1250-1700 nm, in the present invention, microbending at long wavelength is mainly examined, and microbending performance of the optical fiber is measured by microbending value at 1700 nm.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a single mode optical fiber suitable for electrical super-long distance optical transmission, which has the advantages of low attenuation, large effective area, good bending performance, high-speed drawing, high production efficiency and low cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the core layer comprises a sunken core layer and an outer core layer from the center to the outside, and the sunken core layer has a radius R 1 3-5 μm, relative refractive index difference Deltan 1 Is-0.08% -0.025%, and the radius R of the outer core layer 2 5.5 to 8.0 mu m and a relative refractive index difference delta n 2 Is-0.07% -0.11%, the cladding comprises an inner cladding, a sunken inner cladding, an auxiliary outer cladding and an outer cladding from inside to outside, and the radius R of the inner cladding is 3 8.5 to 15.5 mu m and a relative refractive index difference delta n 3 Is-0.25% -0.16%, and the radius R of the depressed inner cladding layer 4 16-20 μm, and a relative refractive index difference Δ n 4 Is-0.2% -0.55%, and the radius R of the auxiliary inner cladding layer 5 37 to 52 mu m and a relative refractive index difference delta n 5 The outer cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer, and the diameter of the outermost layer is 125 mu m.
According to the scheme, the sunken core layer and the outer core layer are chlorine-doped silica glass layers, fluorine-doped silica glass layers or chlorine-fluorine-doped silica glass layers, and the chlorine content is 0.6-1.0 ppm%.
According to the scheme, the fluorine doping in the sunken core layer contributes to the relative refractive index of-0.1% -0.04%, and the fluorine doping in the outer core layer contributes to the relative refractive index of-0.05%.
According to the scheme, the relative refractive index difference delta n of the outer core layer 1 Relative refractive index difference Deltan from depressed core layer 2 Is greater than or equal to 0.05%, i.e. | DELTA n 1 -△n 2 |≥0.05％。
According to the scheme, the effective area of the optical fiber at the position of 1550nm wavelength is 115-160 mu m 2 (ii) a Cabled cutoff wavelength of the optical fiber1530nm or less.
According to the scheme, the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550nm is 17-23 ps/(nm.km), the dispersion slope of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550nm is 0.05-0.07 ps/(nm 2. Km), and the dispersion of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1625nm is less than or equal to 27 ps/(nm.km).
According to the scheme, the attenuation of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550nm is less than or equal to 0.174dB/km; preferably less than or equal to 0.164dB/km, more preferably less than or equal to 0.159dB/km.
According to the scheme, the attenuation of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1625nm is less than or equal to 0.194dB/km; preferably less than or equal to 0.184dB/km.
According to the scheme, the microbending loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1700nm is less than or equal to 5dB/km.
According to the scheme, the optical fiber is bent by 100 circles with the radius of 30mm, and the macrobend loss at the wavelength of 1550nm is equal to or less than 0.1dB, preferably equal to or less than 0.05dB.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the core layer is chlorine-doped or fluorine-chlorine-doped and is provided with a reasonable core cladding structure, and chlorine is more easily and uniformly doped in the silica glass, so that the Rayleigh scattering coefficient of the optical fiber is reduced, and compared with the germanium-doped optical fiber, the attenuation of the optical fiber is lower. 2. Chlorine and fluorine can both reduce viscosity, and chlorine is added in the optical fiber core layer to adjust the viscosity of the core layer, so that the optical fiber core layer and the inner cladding containing F form good viscosity matching, the distortion and the defect in the optical fiber manufacturing process are reduced, the attenuation of the optical fiber is further reduced, and the optical fiber core layer is suitable for preparing the optical fiber with a larger effective area. 3. Reasonable fluorine and chlorine doped sunken core layer structure is designed, and the optical fiber has a section of 115 μm or more by reasonable design of each core layer 2 The effective area of (2) can even be more than or equal to 160 μm in a preferred parameter range 2 The effective area of (a); 4. the optical fiber has reasonable profile design, adopts the design of the sunken inner cladding to ensure that the optical fiber has proper cabling cut-off wavelength and ensures the single mode state of optical signals in the transmission application of the optical fiber in C wave band and C extended wave band, and has good bending performance and can limit the energyThe base mold leaks under bending conditions; 5. the invention has simple preparation process, can adopt high-speed wire drawing, and the outer cladding layer is a pure silicon dioxide glass layer, thereby improving the production efficiency, reducing the manufacturing cost of the optical fiber and being suitable for large-scale production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing relative refractive index differences of respective cross sections according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The single-mode optical fiber suitable for electric power super-long distance optical transmission comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the core layer outwards comprises a sunken core layer and an outer core layer from the center, the sunken core layer and the outer core layer are chlorine-doped silica glass layers or fluorine-doped silica glass layers or chlorine-fluorine-co-doped silica glass layers, the content of chlorine is 0.6-1.0 ppm%, and the radius of the sunken core layer is R 1 Relative refractive index difference of Δ n 1 The radius of the outer core layer is R 2 Relative refractive index difference of Δ n 2 The cladding comprises an inner cladding, a sunken inner cladding, an auxiliary outer cladding and an outer cladding from inside to outside, and the radius of the inner cladding is R 3 Relative refractive index difference of Δ n 3 The radius of the depressed inner cladding is R 4 Relative refractive index difference of Δ n 4 The radius of the auxiliary inner cladding is R 5 Relative refractive index difference of Δ n 5 The outer cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer, and the diameter of the outermost layer is 125 microns. The first table lists the parameters of the refractive index profile in the preferred embodiment of the invention, which correspond to the transmission characteristics of the fiber. TABLE I refractive index Profile parameters in examples of the invention
| Serial number | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| R 1 (μm) | 3.0 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 5 |
| Δn 1 (％) | 0.02 | -0.03 | 0.025 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Cl(ppm％) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ΔF(％) | -0.06 | -0.08 | -0.06 | -0.07 | -0.09 |
| R 2 (μm) | 5.8 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 6.9 |
| Δn 2 (％) | -0.03 | 0.03 | -0.04 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| Cl(ppm％) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| ΔF(％) | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.04 | -0.03 |
| R 3 (μm) | 12.8 | 9.8 | 14.2 | 10.4 | 14.5 |
| Δn 3 (％) | -0.19 | -0.24 | -0.18 | -0.16 | -0.20 |
| R4(μm) | 17 | 17.6 | 18.9 | 19.6 | 17.9 |
| Δn 4 (％) | -0.33 | -0.45 | -0.49 | -0.38 | -0.23 |
| R5(μm) | 49 | 48.5 | 50.6 | 49.8 | 51.2 |
| Δn 5 (％) | -0.09 | -0.08 | -0.13 | -0.10 | -0.09 |
Continuation table 1
TABLE II parameters of optical fibers in examples of the invention
| Serial number | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| MFD(μm)@1550nm | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 14.4 |
| A eff (μm 2 )@1550nm | 118 | 116 | 122 | 125 | 160 |
| Optical cable cut-off wavelength (nm) | 1465 | 1500 | 1512 | 1486 | 1476 |
| Attenuation coefficient @1550nm (dB/km) | 0.162 | 0.161 | 0.168 | 0.165 | 0.158 |
| Attenuation coefficient @1625nm (dB/km) | 0.180 | 0.181 | 0.189 | 0.179 | 0.190 |
| Dispersion [ ps/(nm, km)] | 20.2 | 20.9 | 21.9 | 21.1 | 21.6 |
| Dispersion slope [ ps/(nm) 2 ·km)] | 25.9 | 26.4 | 26.3 | 25.7 | 27.9 |
| Microbend 1700nm (dB/km) | 4.2 | 2.9 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 8.6 |
| R30mm-100 turns macrobend loss (dB) | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
Continuation table two
Claims (9)
1. A single-mode optical fibre suitable for electric power ultralong distance optical transmission is composed of core layer consisting of sunken core layer and external core layer, and cladding layer 1 3-5 μm, relative refractive index difference Deltan 1 Is-0.08% -0.025%, and the radius R of the outer core layer 2 5.5 to 8.0 mu m and a relative refractive index difference delta n 2 Is-0.07% -0.11%, the cladding comprises an inner cladding, a sunken inner cladding, an auxiliary outer cladding and an outer cladding from inside to outside, and the radius R of the inner cladding is 3 8.5 to 15.5 mu m and a relative refractive index difference delta n 3 Is-0.25% -0.16%, and the radius R of the depressed inner cladding layer 4 16-20 μm, relative refractive index difference Deltan 4 Is-0.2% -0.55%, and the radius R of the auxiliary inner cladding layer 5 37 to 52 mu m and a relative refractive index difference delta n 5 Is-0.13% -0.06%, the outer cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer, and the diameter of the outermost layer is 125%μm。
2. The single-mode optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the depressed core layer and the outer core layer are chlorine-doped silica glass layers, fluorine-doped silica glass layers or chlorofluoro-doped silica glass layers, and the chlorine content is 0.6 to 1.0ppm%.
3. The single mode optical fiber according to claim 2, wherein said depressed core layer has a fluorine doping contribution to a relative refractive index of-0.1% to-0.04%, and said outer core layer has a fluorine doping contribution to a relative refractive index of-0.05% to 0.05%.
4. A single mode optical fiber suitable for electrical over-length optical transmission as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said outer core has a relative refractive index difference Δ n 1 Relative refractive index difference Deltan from depressed core layer 2 Is greater than or equal to 0.05%, i.e. | Δ n 1 -Δn 2 |≥0.05％。
5. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2 adapted for electrical power over-long-haul optical transmission, wherein said optical fiber has an effective area at a wavelength of 1550nm of 115 to 160 μm 2 (ii) a The cabled cutoff wavelength of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 1530nm.
6. The single-mode optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said optical fiber has a dispersion coefficient of 17 to 23 ps/(nm-km) at a wavelength of 1550nm, and said optical fiber has a dispersion slope of 0.05 to 0.07 ps/(nm-km) at a wavelength of 1550nm 2 Km) having a dispersion at a wavelength of 1625nm of less than or equal to 27 ps/(nm km).
7. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2 adapted for electrical power over-length optical transmission, wherein said optical fiber has an attenuation at a wavelength of 1550nm less than or equal to 0.174dB/km; the attenuation of the optical fiber at a wavelength of 1625nm is less than or equal to 0.194dB/km.
8. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2 adapted for electrical over-length optical transmission, wherein said fiber has a microbend loss at a wavelength of 1700nm of less than or equal to 5dB/km.
9. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2 adapted for electrical power over-length optical transmission, wherein said fiber is bent 100 turns at a radius of 30mm and has macrobending losses of less than or equal to 0.05dB at wavelengths of 1550nm and 1625 nm.
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