CN115960453A - Composition for preparing seismic physical model material, seismic physical model material and application thereof - Google Patents
Composition for preparing seismic physical model material, seismic physical model material and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115960453A CN115960453A CN202111193078.6A CN202111193078A CN115960453A CN 115960453 A CN115960453 A CN 115960453A CN 202111193078 A CN202111193078 A CN 202111193078A CN 115960453 A CN115960453 A CN 115960453A
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Abstract
The application provides a composition for preparing a seismic physical model material, the seismic physical model material and application thereof. The composition for preparing the seismic physical model material comprises polyurethane, a curing agent and nano aerogel powder. The seismic physical model material has the characteristics of low speed and high attenuation, lays a foundation for physical simulation of geologic bodies or geological structures with low speed and high attenuation near the surface, greatly widens the application field of seismic physical simulation technology, and improves the accuracy of seismic physical simulation.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of seismic physical simulation, in particular to a composition for preparing a seismic physical model material, the seismic physical model material and application thereof.
Background
The earthquake physical simulation is a forward simulation in which the actual stratum structure or geologic body is made into a physical model by using corresponding materials under a certain scale similarity ratio in a laboratory, and a field earthquake exploration method is subjected to data acquisition by using an ultrasonic testing method. In the seismic physical model technology, how to construct model materials capable of simulating various stratum velocities is a technical problem. At present, the material sources of the seismic physical model can be divided into two types, one is solid industrial plate material, and the other is formable material. The industrial plates commonly used for manufacturing the physical model comprise aluminum materials, resin plates, organic glass, paraffin and the like, and the accurate geometric structure can be obtained by machining the industrial plates. The formable material is a mixture of liquid or powdery materials, and is changed into a solid by adding a curing agent or changing the temperature, and the model material has good uniformity and plasticity and can be used for conveniently manufacturing a complex-structure physical model. Epoxy resin and silicon rubber are the most common moldable materials suitable for constructing a seismic physical model, and in the prior art, the stratum with the longitudinal wave velocity range of 1000m/s to 3500m/s is simulated by using a mode of mixing inorganic substances such as epoxy resin, silicon rubber and talcum powder.
The lower limit of the longitudinal wave velocity of the existing seismic physical model material is about 1000m/s, and the longitudinal wave velocity is difficult to further reduce. However, in a field actual stratum, the actual longitudinal wave velocity of a near-surface stratum in a desert, loess plateau or the like is often only several hundred meters per second (500 m/s to 900 m/s) and has a very high attenuation factor (usually expressed by a Q value; the smaller the Q value, the larger the attenuation factor; the Q value of not more than 15 may be considered as a high attenuation material). Therefore, when a geologic body or a geologic structure containing a near-surface layer is physically simulated, it is very critical whether a model material with low-speed and high-attenuation characteristics can be developed. Weijian (2006) has studied the speed of two formable mixing materials, epoxy and silicone rubber, in detail, which indicates that the epoxy resin generally cures at 2600m/s and the rubber cures at about 1000m/s, and that the two materials are mixed in different amounts, the speed of the mixing material after curing varying between 1000-2600 m/s. The butyl-containing compound (2020) is prepared into an attenuation composition by a method of doping silicon sulfide rubber in epoxy resin, and a high attenuation model material with a Q value of less than 10 is obtained, but the speed of the high attenuation model material is more than 2000m/s and is not consistent with the actual near-surface stratum speed.
In conclusion, how to realize the model material with low longitudinal wave velocity and low Q value is the key for determining whether the physical model technology can carry out high similarity simulation on the low-velocity high-attenuation near-surface stratum, and is also related to whether the seismic physical model technology can be developed greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the application provides a seismic physical model material with low speed and high attenuation characteristics, the seismic physical model material with the longitudinal wave speed range of 450m/s to 950m/s and the Q value change range of 2 to 15 is prepared by doping nano aerogel powder into polyurethane, and a foundation is laid for the physical simulation of a geologic body or a geological structure with low speed and high attenuation near the surface.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a composition for preparing a seismic physical modeling material, comprising a polyurethane, a curing agent, and a nano-aerogel powder.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the composition includes 100 parts by weight of polyurethane, 10-30 parts by weight of curing agent, and 1-10 parts by weight of nano aerogel powder.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the composition includes 100 parts by weight of polyurethane, 20 parts by weight of curing agent, and 1-10 parts by weight of nano aerogel powder.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the polyurethane to the nano aerogel powder is 100: (1-10), for example, can be 100. According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the polyurethane to the nano aerogel powder is 100: (1-8). In the application, the seismic physical model material with the longitudinal wave speed range of 450m/s to 950m/s and the Q value change range of 2 to 15 can be prepared by utilizing the different proportions of the nano aerogel powder and the polyurethane. In the application, the larger the addition amount of the nano aerogel powder is, the smaller the longitudinal wave velocity of the prepared seismic physical model material is, and the smaller the Q value is. However, if the amount of the nano aerogel powder is too much, the density of the nano aerogel powder is very low, so that the amount of the nano aerogel powder has a certain upper limit when the nano aerogel powder is mixed with polyurethane, and raw materials are difficult to uniformly mix after the density of the nano aerogel powder exceeds the range, and a sample with good curing is difficult to form.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the polyurethane is a two-component polyurethane.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the curing agent comprises an amine curing agent. According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, the curing agent comprises an amine curing agent having an amine value of less than 400mg KOH/g. According to a further preferred embodiment of the present application, the curing agent is preferably a cashew oil-modified fatty amine.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the nanoaerogel powder comprises a silicon-based nanoaerogel powder and/or a carbon-based nanoaerogel powder. According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, the nano-aerogel powder comprises a silica aerogel powder.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the nano aerogel powder has a particle size of 20-80 nm, and for example, can be 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50nm, 55 nm, 60 nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80nm, and any value therebetween. According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, the nano aerogel powder has a particle size of 20 to 50 nanometers. According to a further preferred embodiment of the present application, the nano aerogel powder has a particle size of 20-30 nm.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a seismic physical model material prepared from the composition of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a seismic physical model material according to the second aspect, comprising the steps of:
s1: respectively carrying out preheating treatment on polyurethane and a curing agent to obtain preheated polyurethane and preheated curing agent;
s2: mixing the nano aerogel powder, the preheated polyurethane and the preheated curing agent to obtain a mixture;
s3: and vacuumizing the mixture, placing the mixture in a mold, curing, and demolding to obtain the seismic physical model material.
According to some embodiments of the application, in step S1, the temperature of the pre-heating treatment is in the range of 40 ℃ to 60 ℃. According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, in step S1, the temperature of the preheating treatment is 40 ℃ to 50 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the time of the pre-heating treatment is 1h to 5h. According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, the time of the pre-heating treatment is 2h to 3h.
According to some embodiments of the present application, in step S2, the nano aerogel powder and the preheated polyurethane are mixed first and then mixed with the curing agent.
According to some embodiments of the present application, in step S3, the time for evacuating is 3min to 10min. According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, in step S3, the time for evacuating is 4min to 6min.
According to some embodiments of the application, in step S3, the vacuum is performed to remove bubbles from the raw material, and the vacuum pressure is controlled to be-0.08 Mpa to-0.1 Mpa, preferably-0.1 Mpa.
According to some embodiments of the application, the temperature of curing in step S3 is from 30 ℃ to 50 ℃. According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, in step S3, the temperature of the curing is 35 ℃ to 45 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the application, in step S3, the curing time is 10h to 40h. According to some embodiments of the present application, in step S3, the curing time is 20h to 30h.
According to some embodiments of the present application, before step S3, silicone rubber is coated on the inner surface of the mold, and after the silicone rubber is cured, the mold treatment is completed.
According to some embodiments of the present application, in step S3, before the curing, the mixture after the vacuum pumping is placed in a mold for 5h to 20h, preferably 10h to 15h at normal temperature.
In a fourth aspect, the application provides a use of the seismic physical model according to the second aspect or the seismic physical model obtained by the preparation method according to the third aspect in seismic physical simulation.
The seismic physical model material is prepared by doping nano aerogel powder in polyurethane, wherein the aerogel is a porous material with the porosity of 80-99.8%, has the characteristics of low density and extremely low sound wave propagation speed (as low as 90 m/s), and the porous structure of the aerogel can cause the great attenuation of sound propagation energy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the longitudinal wave velocity of seismic physical model materials prepared according to examples 1 to 7 of the present application as a function of the fraction of nano-aerogel powder.
Fig. 2 shows the Q values of seismic physical model materials prepared according to examples 1 to 7 of the present application as a function of the fraction of nano-aerogel powder.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present application, the present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, which are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
In the following examples and comparative examples:
q value measurement calculation method:
the Q value is often used as a measure of the attenuation factor of a material, with a smaller Q value indicating a greater attenuation. The spectral ratio method is one of the most common methods for measuring the Q value in a laboratory, and the method mainly measures the Q value of a sample by using a transmitted wave excited by a transducer, and the measuring process of the method is that the transducer is directly contacted with the sample, and the sample is coupled with the transducer by coating a corresponding coupling agent on the surface of the sample. When the Q value is measured by using a pulse transmission method, a sample with a known Q value is selected as a reference sample, the geometric shape of the reference sample needs to be similar to or the same as that of the measured sample, the measured data frequency spectrum of the measured sample and the measured data frequency spectrum of the reference sample are used for processing, and the Q value of the measured sample is obtained by solving. In the present example and comparative example, an aluminum sample was used as a reference sample, and Q thereof was approximately 15000. The mathematical formula for calculating the Q value by the spectral ratio method is well known in the art and is not described in detail.
The method for testing the longitudinal wave velocity comprises the following steps:
and measuring the longitudinal wave velocity by an ultrasonic transmission method. Firstly, measuring the length L of a sample by using a vernier caliper, then placing the sample between two longitudinal wave ultrasonic probes, measuring the ultrasonic propagation time difference T from an oscilloscope, and calculating to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity by using a velocity common notation V = L/T.
Starting materials used in examples 1 to 7:
polyurethane 101 was purchased from shanghai new photochemical factory;
curing agent F50: cashew nut oil modified fatty amine ZY-F50 with an amine value of 200-300mgKOH/g, purchased from Xuzhou Zhongyao chemical Co., ltd;
nano aerogel powder: the silica nano aerogel powder has the grain diameters of 10 nanometers, 20 nanometers, 50 nanometers, 80 nanometers and 100 nanometers respectively and is purchased from Hubei Huifu nano material GmbH.
Example 1
Simulating a low-speed high-attenuation near-surface physical model material in a certain area, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight
Polyurethane 101 portion
Curing agent F50 parts
1 part of nano aerogel powder;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating polyurethane 101 and a curing agent F50 in a 45 ℃ heat preservation box for 2 hours;
(2) After weighing the materials according to the formula requirements, fully and uniformly stirring the polyurethane and the nano aerogel powder; then adding a curing agent into the materials, and stirring to fully and uniformly mix the materials;
(3) Putting the raw materials in the step (2) into a vacuum machine, stirring and vacuumizing for 5min, and discharging bubbles in the raw materials, wherein the vacuum pressure is controlled to be-0.1 Mpa;
(4) Taking the material out of the vacuum machine, pouring the material into a mold, placing the mold in a room at normal temperature for 12 hours, then placing the mold in a 40 ℃ incubator for curing for 24 hours, and then demolding and taking out the cured mold material.
The test shows that the longitudinal wave velocity of the model material is 950m/s, and the Q value is 15.
Example 2:
a model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the raw materials were different and the raw materials included, in parts by weight
Polyurethane 101 portion
Curing agent F50 parts
3 parts of nano aerogel powder;
the longitudinal wave velocity of the model material is 832m/s through testing, and the Q value is 13.
Example 3:
a model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the raw materials were different and the raw materials included, in parts by weight
Polyurethane 101 portion
Curing agent F50 parts
5 parts of nano aerogel powder;
the test shows that the longitudinal wave velocity of the model material is 709m/s, and the Q value is 11.
Example 4:
a model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the raw materials were different and the raw materials included, in parts by weight
Polyurethane 101 portion
Curing agent F50 parts
6 parts of nano aerogel powder;
the test shows that the longitudinal wave velocity of the model material is 672m/s, and the Q value is 10.
Example 5:
a model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the raw materials were different and the raw materials included, in parts by weight
Polyurethane 101 portion
Curing agent F50 parts
7 parts of nano aerogel powder;
the test shows that the longitudinal wave velocity of the model material is 638m/s, and the Q value is 7.
Example 6:
a model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the raw materials were different and the raw materials included, in parts by weight
Polyurethane 101 portion
Curing agent F50 parts
9 parts of nano aerogel powder;
the test shows that the longitudinal wave velocity of the model material is 577m/s, and the Q value is 5.
Example 7:
a model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the raw materials were different and the raw materials included, in parts by weight
Polyurethane 101 portion
Curing agent F50 parts
10 parts of nano aerogel powder;
the test shows that the longitudinal wave speed of the model material is 450m/s, and the Q value is 2.
Example 8
The model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the particle size of the nano aerogel powder in the raw material was 10nm.
The test shows that the longitudinal wave velocity of the model material is 956m/s, and the Q value is 15.3.
Example 9
The model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the particle size of the nano aerogel powder in the raw material was 50nm.
The test shows that the model material has the longitudinal wave velocity of 965m/s and the Q value of 15.5.
Example 10
The model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the particle size of the nano aerogel powder in the raw material was 80nm.
The test shows that the longitudinal wave speed of the model material is 971m/s, and the Q value is 15.8.
Example 11
The model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the particle size of the nano aerogel powder in the raw material was 100nm.
The longitudinal wave velocity of the model material is 983m/s and the Q value is 16.2.
Comparative example 1
The model material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that no nano aerogel powder was added to the raw materials.
The test shows that the longitudinal wave velocity of the model material is 1050m/s, and the Q value is 30. As the nano aerogel powder is not added in the raw materials, the prepared model material is larger than 1000m/s, the Q value is larger than 15, and the simulation of low-speed high attenuation only represents the stratum is difficult.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present application and do not constitute any limitation to the present application. The present application has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, but the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Modifications may be made to the disclosure as set forth by the claims within the scope of the disclosure and modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Although the present application has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the present application is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other means and applications having the same functionality.
Claims (10)
1. The composition for preparing the seismic physical model material comprises polyurethane, a curing agent and nano aerogel powder.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises, in parts by weight, 100 parts of polyurethane, 10-30 parts of a curing agent, and 1-10 parts of a nano aerogel powder; preferably, the composition comprises 100 parts by weight of polyurethane, 20 parts by weight of curing agent and 1-10 parts by weight of nano aerogel powder.
3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the polyurethane to the nano aerogel powder is 100: (1-10), preferably 100: (1-8).
4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the polyurethane is a two-component polyurethane; and/or the curing agent comprises an amine curing agent, preferably an amine curing agent with an amine value of less than 400mg KOH/g, and more preferably a cashew oil modified fatty amine.
5. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nanoaerogel powder comprises a silica-based nanoaerogel powder and/or a carbon-based nanoaerogel powder, more preferably a silica aerogel powder; and/or the particle size of the nano aerogel powder is 20-80 nanometers, preferably 20-50 nanometers, and more preferably 20-30 nanometers.
6. A seismic physical model material prepared from the composition of any one of claims 1-5.
7. A method of making a seismic physical model material according to claim 6, comprising the steps of:
s1: respectively carrying out preheating treatment on polyurethane and a curing agent to obtain preheated polyurethane and preheated curing agent;
s2: mixing the nano aerogel powder, the preheated polyurethane and the preheated curing agent to obtain a mixture;
s3: and vacuumizing the mixture, placing the mixture in a mold, curing, and demolding to obtain the seismic physical model material.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein in step S1, the temperature of the preheating treatment is 40 ℃ to 60 ℃, preferably 40 ℃ to 50 ℃, and the time of the preheating treatment is 1h to 5h, preferably 2h to 3h; and/or
In the step S2, the nano aerogel powder and the preheated polyurethane are mixed firstly and then are mixed with the curing agent; and/or
In the step S3, the vacuumizing time is 3-10 min, preferably 4-6 min; and/or
In the step S3, the curing temperature is 30-50 ℃, preferably 35-45 ℃, and the curing time is 10-40 h, preferably 20-30 h.
9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein before the step S3, the inner surface of the mold is coated with silicone rubber, and after the silicone rubber is cured, the mold treatment is completed; and/or
In the step S3, before curing, the vacuumized mixture is placed in a mold for 5h-20h, preferably 10h-15h, at normal temperature.
10. Use of a seismic physical model obtained according to the seismic physical model of claim 6 or the method of preparation according to any of claims 7-9 in seismic physical simulation.
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