CN115959866A - Self-cleaning concrete adopting aluminum-based composite hydrolysis byproducts and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-cleaning concrete adopting aluminum-based composite hydrolysis byproducts and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention discloses self-cleaning concrete adopting aluminum-based composite hydrolysis byproducts and a preparation method thereof, and provides the preparation method of the self-cleaning concrete by introducing the aluminum-based composite hydrolysis byproducts into the self-cleaning concrete. The raw materials comprise the following components by weight: 240-330 kg of cement, 40-130 kg of mineral powder, 40-70 kg of fly ash, 710-770 kg of machine-made sand, 1060-1120 kg of broken stone, 15-20 kg of TiO2/gamma-Al 2O3 composite photocatalyst, 3.6-5.1 kg of water reducing agent and 140-160 kg of water. The invention recovers the hydrolysis by-product of the aluminum matrix composite material to prepare the TiO 2/gamma-Al 2O3 photocatalyst for preparing the self-cleaning concrete. The recycled gamma-Al 2O3 not only improves the capability of pure TiO2 in degrading pollutants in the air, but also enhances the hydrophobic property, and water drops on the surface of the concrete almost have no sagging trace. When dust or photocatalytic byproducts are formed on the surface, self-cleaning can be performed through raindrops, the appearance of the concrete is ensured to be clean and tidy, and the photocatalyst can be repeatedly utilized. The mode for preparing the self-cleaning concrete not only maximizes the utilization of the aluminum-based composite material and reduces the cost, but also endows the concrete with excellent self-cleaning capability, achieves two purposes at one stroke, and has important practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to self-cleaning concrete adopting aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis byproducts and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the industrialization is rapidly developed, the number of automobiles is increased due to global urbanization, and the problem of air pollution caused by the continuous combustion of fossil fuel is increasingly prominent. Automobile exhaust emission is a main factor of urban air pollution, and a large amount of nitrogen oxides seriously threaten human health. How to realize sustainable development of the environment is a main problem for social development, and the emission of tail gas is a key problem for reducing air pollution, and although the requirements of emission control are strengthened and a plurality of energy-saving and emission-reducing devices are added, the air pollution is still generatedThe problem has not been solved effectively. Common buildings do not have the ability to degrade contaminants and to be self-cleaning. In recent years, nano titanium dioxide has the characteristics of low toxicity, strong oxidation reduction and the like, and is widely used in the preparation process of photocatalytic coatings. But the coating often falls off and is decomposed by itself, so that the photocatalytic performance is greatly weakened, and the pure Tio 2 The efficiency as a photocatalyst is low. How to promote TiO 2 The photocatalytic performance and the provision of a material which can be tightly combined with concrete, degrade air pollutants and simultaneously keep the building clean are problems to be solved urgently when the material is applied to self-cleaning concrete.
The aluminum-based composite material reacts with water to produce hydrogen, is a non-toxic and pollution-free hydrogen production mode, and has the characteristics of being movable and producing hydrogen on line in real time. Aluminum tends to form a dense oxide film at room temperature, and the formation of an oxide film on the surface of aluminum is often inhibited by compounding with a low-melting metal (In, sn, ga, etc.). And the reaction product is harmless Al (OH) 3 And AlOOH, how to recycle and utilize the byproducts is a means for effectively reducing the cost of the aluminum water, and is also a key problem influencing the application of the aluminum water in the field of vehicle-mounted fuel cells.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the self-cleaning concrete adopting the hydrolysis by-product of the aluminum-based composite material and the preparation method thereof, solve the application of the hydrolysis by-product of the aluminum-based composite material and pure TiO 2 Poor photocatalytic performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides self-cleaning concrete adopting aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis byproducts, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 230-320 kg of cement, 30-120 kg of mineral powder, 30-70 kg of fly ash, 700-770 kg of machine-made sand, 1000-1100 kg of broken stone, 3.5-5.0 kg of water reducing agent, 130-150 kg of water and 0-15 kg of TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 A composite photocatalyst is provided.
Preferably, the self-cleaning concrete adopting the hydrolysis by-product of the aluminum-based composite material further comprises part or all of the following technical characteristics:
as an improvement of the above technical solution, the TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 The nano titanium dioxide of the composite photocatalyst is anatase.
As an improvement of the technical proposal, the cement is P.O 42.5 Portland cement or P.II 42.5 Portland cement.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the mineral powder is S95-grade granulated blast furnace slag powder which meets the standard of GB/T18046-2017 granulated blast furnace slag powder used in cement, mortar and concrete.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the fineness modulus of the machine-made sand is 2.3-3.0, the MB value is less than or equal to 1.4, and the content of the stone powder is 7-10%.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the crushed stone is in 5-25 mm continuous gradation, the mud content is less than 0.5 percent, and the mass content of the needle-shaped particles is less than or equal to 8 percent.
As an improvement of the technical proposal, the fly ash is II-grade fly ash,
as an improvement of the technical scheme, the TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 The composite photocatalyst is prepared by the following method:
1) Reacting the aluminum-based composite material with deionized water, and marking as a solution A;
2) Pouring out the supernatant in the solution A, and ultrasonically dispersing the rest part of water and the product uniformly to obtain a solution B;
3) Adding clear water into the solution B for repeated suction filtration, draining water, and washing most metal compounds (InSn) at the bottom with clear water 4 Al), adding the product into water, stirring, ultrasonically dispersing, and placing in a centrifuge. After completion of the centrifugation, the supernatant was decanted, leaving a small amount of metal compound (InSn) at the bottom of the solid 4 Al) washing and removing, placing in a forced air drying oven, and fully grinding to obtain solid C after drying;
4) Preparing an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of tetrabutyl titanate, fully stirring, and marking as a solution A;
5) Uniformly dispersing the solid C in deionized water containing absolute ethyl alcohol and acetic acid, wherein a milky solution is marked as a solution B, and a solution of the deionized water containing the absolute ethyl alcohol and the acetic acid is marked as a solution D;
6) Slowly dropwise adding the solution A into the solution B under high-speed stirring, continuously stirring for 30-60min after titration, drying, grinding into powder, calcining in a muffle furnace, cooling to room temperature, washing with ethanol, drying, and sufficiently grinding into powder to obtain TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 The nanometer titanium dioxide prepared by calcination is anatase type.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, according to the step, the system of the aluminum-based composite material in the step 1) is as follows: al-Ga-In-Sn, al-Ga-In-Sn-NaCl, etc. The temperature of the deionized water is 50-70 ℃. The reaction time is 12-24h;
according to the steps, the rotating speed of the centrifuge in the step 3) is 8000-10000 rpm, and the time is 1-2 min.
According to the steps, the volume ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to absolute ethyl alcohol in the step 4) is as follows: 1:3 to 5;
according to the steps, in 5), absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, acetic acid and the volume ratio are as follows: 1, (0.1-0.30) and (0.04-0.06);
according to the steps, 6), the temperature of the muffle furnace is 300-400 ℃, the heating rate is 2-2.5 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h;
according to the steps, the ultrasonic frequency used in 1) -6) is 450-600W, the temperature of the air-blast drying oven is 60-80 ℃, the time is 8-12 h, and the mass ratio of the solution D to the solid C is 1: (1-3).
The preparation method of the self-cleaning concrete adopting the aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis by-product is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Firstly, adding the machine-made sand, the cement, the mineral powder, the fly ash, part of water and the water reducing agent into a concrete mixer for even pre-mixing, then adding the mixture for even mixing, then adding the stones and the residual water for continuous mixing, wherein the total mixing time is not less than 200s;
2) Pouring, vibrating, forming and curing after demoulding are carried out after discharging, and the self-cleaning concrete adopting the hydrolysis by-product of the aluminum-based composite material is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention combines the aluminum-based composite material hydrolysis byproduct treatment with the titanium dioxide preparation method to prepare TiO by one-step calcination method 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 . gamma-Al formed by calcination 2 O 3 Being amorphous, there are numerous optoelectronic defects that favor the trapping of g-C 3 N 4 The generated electrons improve the separation efficiency of electron-hole. When gamma-Al 2 O 3 Supported TiO for photocatalyst carrier 2 In time, not only the pure TiO is improved 2 The capability of degrading pollutants in the air also enhances the hydrophobic property, and water drops on the surface of the concrete hardly have sagging. Ultraviolet-diffuse reflection absorption spectrum shows gamma-Al 2 O 3 Having photo-responsive capability under UV light, tiO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 The red shift phenomenon exists at the absorption edge, namely the photoresponse capability of the composite material is enhanced, and the pure TiO is improved 2 The photocatalytic performance of (2). When the composite material is used for self-cleaning concrete, the TiO is used 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 The composite photocatalyst has a hydrophobic property, and can enable concrete to have excellent photocatalytic performance and hydrophobic performance at the same time without adding and blending other hydrophobic materials and considering the problem of proportioning. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the concrete excites the catalyst to generate electron-hole, and the electron-hole reacts to generate active particles to carry out oxidation reduction on pollutants adsorbed on the surface, thereby achieving the purpose of degradation. Furthermore, tiO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 The additive is directly mixed in concrete, is tightly combined with materials and is not easy to fall off. Not only reduces the operation difficulty, but also is beneficial to filling the pores, strengthening the stability of the structure and improving the durability.
2. The invention introduces the product of the reaction of the aluminum-based composite material and water into the field of building materials, and improves pure TiO by using the product as a carrier material 2 The photocatalytic performance of the aluminum-based composite material can be used for recycling products, an idea is provided for recycling byproducts generated by hydrolyzing the aluminum-based composite material to prepare hydrogen, and the formation of a complete industrial chain of the aluminum-based composite material is promoted.
3. The self-cleaning concrete prepared by the invention has low raw material cost and simple preparation method.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, when taken in conjunction with the drawings, illustrate by way of example the principles of the invention.
In the following examples, the raw materials are as follows:
the cement adopts Huaxin P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement; the coal ash is a Zhenjiang wall power plant II-level coal ash, and the ignition loss is 3.2%; the mineral powder is S95 blast furnace slag produced by Jiangnan grinding Limited company; the machine-made sand is crushed pebbles, and has 1-4.75 mm continuous gradation, the fineness modulus of 2.7, the stone powder content of 8 percent and the MB value of 1.0; the crushed stone is 5-25 mm continuous graded basalt crushed stone, the mud content is less than 0.5 percent, the mass content of the needle-shaped particles is 7 percent, and the crushing value is 6 percent; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent prepared by Zhongjia commercial product concrete Co., ltd, the water reducing rate is 25%, and the water is deionized water.
In the following examples and comparative examples, tiO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 The composite photocatalyst is prepared by the following steps:
1) Reacting the aluminum-based composite material (Al-Ga-In-Sn-NaCl) with deionized water at 70 ℃ for 12 hours, and marking as a solution A;
2) Pouring out the supernatant in the solution A, and ultrasonically dispersing the rest part of water and the product 600W uniformly to obtain a solution B;
3) Adding clear water into the solution B for repeated suction filtration, draining water, and washing most metal compounds (InSn) at the bottom with clear water 4 Al), adding the product into water, stirring, performing 600W ultrasonic dispersion, and placing the mixture into a centrifuge at 10000rpm (hour per minute)The time interval is 1min. After completion of the centrifugation, the supernatant was decanted, leaving a small amount of metal compound (InSn) at the bottom of the solid 4 Al) washing and removing, placing in a forced air drying oven, preserving heat for 12h at 80 ℃, and fully grinding to obtain solid C after drying;
4) Pouring tetrabutyl titanate into a container, continuously stirring, adding absolute ethyl alcohol in the stirring process, and stirring at room temperature for 60min to obtain a solution D, wherein the volume ratio of the tetrabutyl titanate to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1;
5) Adding deionized water into a container, continuously adding absolute ethyl alcohol and acetic acid under an ultrasonic stirring state, marking as a solution E, and then adding the solid C in the step 3) to obtain a uniformly dispersed milky white solution F, wherein the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water to the acetic acid is 1.3: 1;
6) Dropwise adding the solution D into the milky white solution E, stirring the solution at a high speed in the dropwise adding process, continuously stirring for 60min after the dropwise adding is finished, drying by using a blower at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 12h, grinding into powder after the drying is finished, calcining at the temperature of 2 ℃/min to 300 ℃ in a muffle furnace, keeping the temperature for 4h, cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace, washing the surface with ethanol, drying, and fully grinding into powder to obtain TiO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 The nano titanium dioxide is in anatase type.
Example 1
The self-cleaning concrete adopting the hydrolysis by-products of the aluminum-based composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight per cubic concrete: 240kg of cement, 40kg of mineral powder, 40kg of fly ash, 781.9kg of machine-made sand, 1172.9kg of broken stone 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 15kg of composite photocatalyst, 3.5kg of water reducing agent and 106.7kg of water.
A preparation method of self-cleaning concrete by adopting hydrolysis byproducts of aluminum matrix composite materials comprises the following steps:
1) Adding the machine-made sand, cement, mineral powder, fly ash, half of water and a water reducing agent into a concrete mixer for premixing for 1min;
2) Then evenly adding TiO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 Stirring the composite photocatalyst for 1min;
3) Adding the stones and the residual water, and continuously stirring, wherein the total stirring time is not less than 200s;
4) Uniformly brushing a release agent on a mould, pouring the self-cleaning concrete mixture adopting the hydrolysis by-product of the aluminum-based composite material into the mould and vibrating;
5) And (4) removing the mold after curing and forming, and then continuing curing to obtain the self-cleaning concrete adopting the hydrolysis by-product of the aluminum-based composite material.
Example 2
The only difference from example 1 is:
the self-cleaning concrete adopting the hydrolysis by-products of the aluminum-based composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight per cubic concrete: 320kg of cement, 120kg of mineral powder, 70kg of fly ash, 679.6kg of machine-made sand, 1019kg of broken stone 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 25kg of composite photocatalyst, 3.99kg of water reducing agent and 170kg of water.
Example 3
The only difference from example 1 is that:
the self-cleaning concrete adopting the aluminum-based composite hydrolysis by-products comprises the following components in parts by weight per cubic concrete: 300kg of cement, 80kg of mineral powder, 50kg of fly ash, 720.9kg of machine-made sand, 1081.3kg of broken stone 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 20kg of composite photocatalyst, 4.50kg of water reducing agent and 143.3kg of water.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is:
the self-cleaning concrete adopting the aluminum-based composite hydrolysis by-products comprises the following components in parts by weight per cubic concrete: 320kg of cement, 120kg of mineral powder, 70kg of fly ash, 681.6kg of machine-made sand, 1022kg of broken stone and pure TiO 2 25kg of photocatalyst, 3.99kg of water reducing agent and 170kg of water.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that:
the self-cleaning concrete adopting the aluminum-based composite hydrolysis by-products comprises the following components in parts by weight per cubic concrete: 320kg of cement, 120kg of mineral powder, 70kg of fly ash, 681.6kg of machine-made sand, 1022kg of broken stone, 3.99kg of water reducing agent and 170kg of water
Comparative examples 1 and 2 were compared with example 2 in order to test the presence or absence of the carrier γ -Al 2 O 3 Influence on photocatalytic and hydrophobic properties.
The performance test method comprises the following steps:
1. after the maintenance is finished, observing the color and the appearance of the self-cleaning concrete adopting the aluminum-based composite hydrolysis by-products, and carefully observing the conditions of cracks and holes;
2. under the condition of simulated sunlight, NO with the concentration of 80ppm continuously passes through a sealed organic glass photocatalytic reaction box x To determine the photocatalytic efficiency;
3. and (3) scattering dust on the surface and the side surface of the concrete, simulating the raining condition, and keeping the raining condition for more than 60s, and observing the water drop flowing phenomenon on the surface of the concrete.
Table 1 shows NO of self-cleaning concrete using hydrolysis by-product of aluminum-based composite obtained in each example and comparative example x 。
TABLE 1 test results of Performance of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 for self-cleaning concrete
As can be seen from the above results of the performance tests, the self-cleaning concrete prepared by the method of the invention, which adopts the hydrolysis by-product of the aluminum-based composite material, prepares the gamma-Al by recycling the hydrolysis product of the aluminum-based composite material 2 O 3 Supported TiO 2 The concrete photocatalytic performance is greatly improved, the photocatalytic activity is excellent, the degradation rate of NOx is as high as 79%, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust can be greatly improved; comparative examples 2, 1 and 2 were simultaneously prepared as gamma-Al 2 O 3 Is a carrier, the hydrophobic performance of the concrete is enhanced while the photocatalytic performance is improved, when dust exists on the surface, the pollutants such as the dust can be carried away by rainwater,with little or no trace present; meanwhile, the generation of cracks and holes on the surface of the concrete is improved, so that the concrete does not need to be modified, and the concrete has excellent decorative feeling and practical application value.
The materials listed in the invention, the upper and lower limits and interval values of the materials in the invention, and the upper and lower limits and interval values of the process parameters (such as temperature, time and the like) can all realize the invention, and the examples are not listed.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (10)
1. A self-cleaning concrete employing aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis byproducts, said self-cleaning concrete comprising: 230-320 kg of cement, 30-120 kg of mineral powder, 30-70 kg of fly ash, 700-770 kg of machine-made sand, 1000-1100 kg of broken stone, 3.5-5.0 kg of water reducing agent, 130-150 kg of water and 0-15 kg of TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 A composite photocatalyst is provided.
2. The self-cleaning concrete using aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis by-products of claim 1, wherein: the TiO is 2 /Al 2 O 3 The nano titanium dioxide of the composite photocatalyst is anatase.
3. The self-cleaning concrete using aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis by-products of claim 1, wherein: the cement is P.O 42.5 portland cement or P.II 42.5 portland cement.
4. The self-cleaning concrete using aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis by-products of claim 1, wherein: the mineral powder is S95-level granulated blast furnace slag powder which meets the standard of GB/T18046-2017 granulated blast furnace slag powder for cement, mortar and concrete.
5. The self-cleaning concrete using aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis by-products of claim 1, wherein: the fineness modulus of the machine-made sand is 2.3-3.0, the MB value is less than or equal to 1.4, and the content of the stone powder is 7-10%.
6. The self-cleaning concrete using aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis by-products of claim 1, wherein: the broken stone is in 5-25 mm continuous gradation, the mud content is less than 0.5%, and the mass content of the needle-shaped particles is less than or equal to 8%.
7. The self-cleaning concrete using aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis by-products of claim 1, wherein: the fly ash is II-grade fly ash,
8. the self-cleaning concrete using aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis by-products of claim 1, wherein: the TiO is 2 /Al 2 O 3 The composite photocatalyst is prepared by the following method:
1) Reacting the aluminum-based composite material with deionized water, and marking as a solution A;
2) Pouring out the supernatant in the solution A, and uniformly dispersing the rest part of water and the product by ultrasonic waves to obtain a solution B;
3) Adding clear water into the solution B for repeated suction filtration, draining water, and washing most metal compounds (InSn) at the bottom with clear water 4 Al), adding the product into water, stirring, ultrasonically dispersing, and placing in a centrifuge. After the centrifugation is completed, the supernatant is poured out, and a small amount of metal compound (InSn) is remained at the bottom of the solid 4 Al), washing and removing, placing in a forced air drying oven, and fully grinding to obtain solid C after drying;
4) Preparing an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of tetrabutyl titanate, fully stirring, and marking as a solution A;
5) Uniformly dispersing the solid C in deionized water containing absolute ethyl alcohol and acetic acid, wherein a milky solution is marked as a solution B, and a solution of the deionized water containing the absolute ethyl alcohol and the acetic acid is marked as a solution D;
6) Slowly dropwise adding the solution A into the solution B under high-speed stirring, continuously stirring for 30-60min after titration, drying, grinding into powder, calcining in a muffle furnace, cooling to room temperature, washing with ethanol, drying, and sufficiently grinding into powder to obtain TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 The nanometer titanium dioxide prepared by calcination is anatase type.
9. The self-cleaning concrete using aluminum matrix composite hydrolysis by-products and the method of preparing the same as claimed in claim 8, wherein:
according to the steps, the system of the aluminum-based composite material in 1) is as follows: al-Ga-In-Sn, al-Ga-In-Sn-NaCl, etc. The temperature of the deionized water is 50-70 ℃. The reaction time is 12-24h;
according to the steps, the rotating speed of the centrifugal machine in the step 3) is 8000-10000 rpm, and the time is 1-2 min.
According to the steps, the volume ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to absolute ethyl alcohol in the step 4) is as follows: 1:3 to 5;
according to the steps, in 5), absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, acetic acid and the volume ratio are as follows: 1, (0.1-0.30) and (0.04-0.06);
according to the steps, 6), the temperature of the muffle furnace is 300-400 ℃, the heating rate is 2-2.5 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h;
according to the steps, the ultrasonic frequency used in 1) to 6) is 450-600W, the temperature of the air-blast drying oven is 60-80 ℃, the time is 8-12 h, and the mass ratio of the solution D to the solid C is 1: (1-3).
10. A method for preparing self-cleaning concrete using hydrolysis by-products of aluminum matrix composites as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Firstly, adding the machine-made sand, the cement, the mineral powder, the fly ash, part of water and the water reducing agent into a concrete mixer for even pre-mixing, then adding the mixture for even mixing, then adding the stones and the residual water for continuous mixing, wherein the total mixing time is not less than 200s;
2) Pouring, vibrating, forming and curing after demoulding are carried out after discharging, and the self-cleaning concrete adopting the hydrolysis by-product of the aluminum-based composite material is obtained.
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