CN115957464B - Lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing system and cooling and fire extinguishing method for energy storage power station - Google Patents

Lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing system and cooling and fire extinguishing method for energy storage power station Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115957464B
CN115957464B CN202211649866.6A CN202211649866A CN115957464B CN 115957464 B CN115957464 B CN 115957464B CN 202211649866 A CN202211649866 A CN 202211649866A CN 115957464 B CN115957464 B CN 115957464B
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fire extinguishing
lithium battery
cooling
branch pipe
placing groove
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CN115957464A (en
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季经纬
王宇
黄峙杰
李文举
郑越川
蔡伟明
郭航飞
郭天宇
寇江
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium battery cooling fire extinguishing system and a cooling fire extinguishing method for an energy storage power station, wherein the cooling fire extinguishing system comprises a battery cabinet, a liquid cooling circulation unit, a high-pressure fire extinguishing unit, a monitoring and early warning unit and a control unit, a plurality of placing grooves are arranged in the battery cabinet in an array mode, lithium battery packs are placed in the placing grooves, the liquid cooling circulation unit comprises a water source heat pump, an inflow pipeline and a return pipeline, the high-pressure fire extinguishing unit comprises a high-pressure fire extinguishing device and a high-pressure pipeline, the monitoring and early warning unit comprises a smoke detection alarm device, a thermal imaging device and a BMS system, the smoke detection alarm device and the thermal imaging device are arranged on each placing groove, the BMS system is arranged in each lithium battery pack, and the monitoring and alarm unit is connected with the control unit. The invention can carry out independent cooling, fire extinguishing and continuous cooling treatment on the single battery module in the cabinet, avoid the afterburning of the lithium battery and reduce the loss.

Description

Lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing system and cooling and fire extinguishing method for energy storage power station
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage power stations, in particular to a lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing system and a cooling and fire extinguishing method for an energy storage power station.
Background
Today, with increasingly depleted petroleum resources, electrochemical energy storage technology has very broad prospects, and lithium batteries are widely applied to electrochemical energy storage technology by virtue of the characteristics of high energy density, high working voltage, long cycle life and the like. However, the safety of lithium batteries has been a major concern in their development. At present, an arrangement mode of an array battery cabinet in a prefabricated cabin is adopted in an energy storage power station, all battery modules are closely arranged, gaps are narrow, once a lithium battery is subjected to thermal runaway due to overcharge, overdischarge or short circuit and other reasons, the lithium battery is easily transferred to an adjacent battery module, and further a fire accident in a larger range is caused. The existing main fire extinguishing modes are mostly based on the whole prefabricated cabin layer, and gas fire extinguishing or large-scale fire extinguishing agent spraying is adopted in the prefabricated cabin, so that the defects are that on one hand, the fire extinguishing modes are weak in pertinence, other non-fired batteries are easy to damage, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is low; on the other hand, the fire extinguishing mode is poor in persistence, and after the flame on the surface of the lithium battery is extinguished, the internal thermal reaction is still continued, if continuous cooling measures are not taken, the re-burning phenomenon is very easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing system and a cooling and fire extinguishing method for an energy storage power station, which can realize independent cooling, fire extinguishing and continuous cooling treatment of each battery module in a cabinet, avoid the afterburning of the lithium battery, improve the fire extinguishing efficiency and reduce the loss.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention discloses a lithium battery cooling fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, which comprises a battery cabinet, a liquid cooling circulation unit, a high-pressure fire extinguishing unit, a monitoring and early warning unit and a control unit, wherein a plurality of placing grooves are arranged in the battery cabinet in an array manner, and a lithium battery pack is placed in the placing grooves; the liquid cooling circulation unit comprises a water source heat pump, an inflow main pipe, a backflow main pipe, an inflow branch pipe and a backflow branch pipe, one end of the inflow main pipe is communicated with the water source heat pump, the other end of the inflow main pipe stretches into the battery cabinet, each placing groove is connected with the inflow branch pipe, the inflow branch pipe is communicated with the inflow main pipe, each placing groove is connected with the backflow branch pipe, the backflow branch pipe is communicated with the backflow main pipe, the backflow main pipe is communicated with the water source heat pump, and the backflow branch pipe on each placing groove is higher than the inflow branch pipe; the high-pressure fire extinguishing unit comprises a high-pressure fire extinguishing device, a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe and high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipes, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipes are connected above each placing groove, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipes are communicated with the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe, and the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe is communicated with the high-pressure fire extinguishing device; the monitoring and early warning unit comprises a smoke detection and alarm device, a thermal imager and a BMS system, wherein the smoke detection and alarm device and the thermal imager are arranged on each placing groove, and the BMS system is arranged in each lithium battery pack; the monitoring alarm unit is connected with the control unit.
Further, switch valves are arranged on the inflow main pipe, the reflux main pipe, the inflow branch pipe, the reflux branch pipe, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent main pipe and the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipe, and the switch valves are connected with the control unit.
Further, the placement groove is made of refractory material.
Further, the fire extinguishing agent used by the high-pressure fire extinguishing device is fine water mist or perfluorinated hexanone.
Further, a pressure relief valve is arranged at the upper part of the placing groove.
On the other hand, the invention also discloses a lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing method for the energy storage power station, which comprises the following steps,
S1: the working state of the lithium battery is abnormal, the internal temperature rises, and a BMS system in the battery monitors the temperature change;
s2: when the internal temperature of the lithium battery exceeds 60 ℃, the BMS system feeds back temperature abnormality information to the control unit in the form of an electric signal;
S3: the control unit opens an inflow branch pipe switch valve and a reflux branch pipe switch valve of a placing groove where the abnormal battery is located according to a preset action program, drives the water source heat pump to start working at the same time, cooling water flows into the placing groove from a water tank of the water source heat pump along the inflow main pipe and the inflow branch pipe, and when the water level in the placing groove rises to the height of the reflux pipeline, the cooling water flows back to the water source heat pump along the reflux branch pipe and the reflux main pipe to form circulation;
S4: if the temperature of the lithium battery module continues to rise and a thermal runaway phenomenon occurs, smoke released by the interior of the lithium battery module is monitored by a smoke detection alarm device, or the flame shape of the surface of the lithium battery is monitored by a thermal imaging instrument, when information is fed back to a control unit, the control unit opens a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe and a switching valve of a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipe according to a preset program to drive the high-pressure fire extinguishing unit to spray the fire extinguishing agent to the surface of the battery module in a placing groove; s5: after the flame is extinguished, the water source heat pump is kept to run, and when the temperature of the lithium battery module monitored by the BMS system is reduced to the room temperature, the control unit closes the water source heat pump, and the system work is finished.
Further, if the BMS system is damaged in the thermal runaway process, the surface temperature of the lithium battery module returned by the thermal imager is used as a reference.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The lithium battery module in the battery cabinet can be subjected to accurate and direct fire-extinguishing and cooling treatment through the high-pressure fire-extinguishing unit and the liquid cooling circulation system which are directly connected with the placing groove, so that the fire-extinguishing effect is better;
(2) By adopting the water mist or the perfluorinated hexanone as the fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent can not damage the internal circuit of the battery cabinet due to the non-conductive characteristic of the fire extinguishing agent when the fire is extinguished and cooled, so that the loss is reduced;
(3) Because each inflow branch pipe and each return branch pipe are provided with the pipeline valve, part or a single battery module can be cooled through the control unit, the pertinence is enhanced, and the loss caused by overall fire extinguishment is reduced;
(4) The temperature of the cooling liquid is controlled through the water source heat pump, and the circulating pipeline is arranged, so that the heat absorption efficiency of the cooling liquid in the placing groove is ensured;
(5) Through the multi-dimensional and multi-level monitoring and early warning system, abnormal battery modules can be detected in time, fire can be extinguished in time through the control unit, and the fault tolerance of the system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a reduced temperature fire suppression system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second perspective view of the cooling fire suppression system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a placement slot of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the cooling and fire extinguishing method of the present invention;
in the figure, a 1-battery cabinet, a 2-placing groove, a 3-water source heat pump, a 4-inflow main pipe, a 5-backflow main pipe, a 6-inflow branch pipe, a 7-backflow branch pipe, an 8-water intake pipe, a 9-recharging pipe, a 10-high-pressure fire extinguishing device, a 11-high-pressure fire extinguishing agent main pipe, a 12-high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipe, a 13-pressure relief valve, a 14-explosion-proof observation window, a 15-fire extinguishing agent spray head, a 16-wiring hole, a 17-smoke detection alarm device and an 18-thermal imager.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the lithium battery cooling fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station disclosed by the invention comprises a battery cabinet 1, a liquid cooling circulation unit, a high-pressure fire extinguishing unit, a monitoring and early warning unit and a control unit, wherein a plurality of placing grooves 2 are arranged in the battery cabinet 1 in an array manner, a lithium battery module is placed in each placing groove 2, and the placing grooves 2 are made of refractory materials.
The liquid cooling circulation unit comprises a water source heat pump 3, an inflow main pipe 4, a backflow main pipe 5, an inflow branch pipe 6 and a backflow branch pipe 7, wherein the water source heat pump 3 can cool or heat water in a built-in water tank to a specified temperature through a refrigerant, the water is conveyed to a specified position through a water pump, the inflow main pipe 4 is connected with the water tank of the water source heat pump 3, a plurality of inflow branch pipes 6 are arranged at the tail end of the water source heat pump, the lower walls of the placement grooves 2 are communicated and used for conveying cooling liquid, after the cooling liquid reaches a specified water level in the placement grooves 2, the cooling liquid flows into the backflow main pipe 5 through the backflow branch pipe 7 of the rear wall and finally flows back to the water tank of the water source heat pump 3 to form circulation, and the water intake pipe 8 and the backflow pipe 9 are connected with an external water source to provide the refrigerant for the water source heat pump 3, so that the normal operation of the water source heat pump is ensured. The high-pressure fire extinguishing unit comprises a high-pressure fire extinguishing device 10, a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe 11 and a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipe 12, the tail end of the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe is connected with a fire extinguishing agent spray head 15 in the placing groove 2, and the fire extinguishing agent is sent into the placing groove 2. The high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipe 12 is communicated with the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe 11, and the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe 11 is communicated with the high-pressure fire extinguishing device 10. Specifically, the fire extinguishing agent used in the high pressure fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is water mist or perfluoro hexanone. The monitoring and early warning unit comprises a smoke detection and alarm device 17, a thermal imager 18 and a BMS system, wherein the smoke detection and alarm device 17 and the thermal imager 18 are arranged on each placing groove 2, and the BMS system is arranged in each lithium battery pack; the monitoring alarm unit is connected with the control unit. Switch valves are arranged on the inflow main pipe 4, the reflux main pipe 5, the inflow branch pipe 6, the reflux branch pipe 7, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent main pipe 11 and the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipe 12, the switch valves are connected with a control unit, and a control module is arranged in the control unit.
As shown in fig. 3, the top of the groove of the placement groove 2 is provided with a pressure release valve 13, once the lithium battery module explodes, the pressure release valve can release the instantaneously generated gas pressure into the air, and the wall cabinet is damaged. The upper wall surface of the placing groove 2 is provided with a smoke detection alarm device 17 for monitoring smoke released during thermal runaway of the lithium battery module, the lower wall surface is provided with an inflow pipeline interface, the rear wall surface is provided with a return pipeline interface and a spray head 15 of the high-pressure fire extinguishing unit, and the front wall surface is provided with an explosion-proof observation window 14. The placing groove 2 is also provided with a wiring hole 16.
As shown in fig. 4, a flow chart of the cooling and fire extinguishing method of the invention is shown, and the specific steps of the method are as follows:
When the state of a battery module in a certain placing groove 2 is abnormal, a BMS system in the lithium battery module firstly detects the abnormal temperature in the battery, when the temperature is higher than 60 ℃, the BMS system sends feedback to a control unit, the control unit opens a pipeline valve connected with the corresponding placing groove 2 according to a preset program and drives a water source heat pump 3 to start working at the same time, and the cooling liquid is conveyed into the placing groove 2, when the water level of the cooling liquid in the placing groove 2 floods the battery and reaches the height of a backflow branch pipe 7, the cooling liquid flows back to a water tank of the water source heat pump 3 through a backflow branch pipe 6 and a backflow main pipe 5 to form liquid cooling circulation;
according to real-time temperature data transmitted back by the BMS system, if the temperature of the lithium battery module is not increased and falls back to the room temperature, the abnormal state of the battery is contacted, and the action flow of the system is ended;
If the temperature of the lithium battery module continues to rise and a thermal runaway phenomenon occurs, at this time, the lithium battery module may spray a large amount of smoke and fire, the smoke detection alarm device 17 monitors the smoke released inside the lithium battery module, the thermal imager 18 monitors the flame shape of the surface of the lithium battery, and when any device monitors abnormality and feeds information back to the control unit, the control unit opens a valve corresponding to the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipe according to a preset program, drives the high-pressure fire extinguishing unit to start to act, and sprays fire extinguishing agent to the surface of the battery module in the placing groove.
After the open fire is extinguished, the water source heat pump 3 keeps the operation state for inhibiting the occurrence of the reburning because the thermal reaction inside the lithium battery module is still carried out, the cooling treatment is continuously carried out on the lithium battery module, when the temperature of the lithium battery module monitored by the BMS system is reduced to the room temperature, or the BMS system is damaged in the thermal runaway process, the surface temperature of the lithium battery module transmitted back by the thermal imager 18 is taken as a reference, when the surface temperature is reduced to the room temperature and the surface temperature is not changed within one hour, the lithium battery module can be considered to have no reburning risk at the moment, the control unit turns off the water source heat pump, and the system action flow is ended.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention is defined in the claims.

Claims (6)

1. The lithium battery cooling fire extinguishing system for the energy storage power station is characterized by comprising a battery cabinet, a liquid cooling circulation unit, a high-pressure fire extinguishing unit, a monitoring and early warning unit and a control unit, wherein a plurality of placing grooves are arranged in the battery cabinet in an array manner, and a lithium battery pack is placed in the placing grooves; the liquid cooling circulation unit comprises a water source heat pump, an inflow main pipe, a backflow main pipe, an inflow branch pipe and a backflow branch pipe, one end of the inflow main pipe is communicated with the water source heat pump, the other end of the inflow main pipe stretches into the battery cabinet, each placing groove is connected with the inflow branch pipe, the inflow branch pipe is communicated with the inflow main pipe, each placing groove is connected with the backflow branch pipe, the backflow branch pipe is communicated with the backflow main pipe, the backflow main pipe is communicated with the water source heat pump, and the backflow branch pipe on each placing groove is higher than the inflow branch pipe; the high-pressure fire extinguishing unit comprises a high-pressure fire extinguishing device, a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe and high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipes, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipes are connected above each placing groove, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipes are communicated with the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe, and the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe is communicated with the high-pressure fire extinguishing device; the monitoring and early warning unit comprises a smoke detection and alarm device, a thermal imager and a BMS system, wherein the smoke detection and alarm device and the thermal imager are arranged on each placing groove, and the BMS system is arranged in each lithium battery pack; the monitoring alarm unit is connected with the control unit; when the state of a battery module in a certain placing groove is abnormal, a BMS system in the lithium battery module firstly detects the abnormal temperature in the battery, when the temperature is higher than 60 ℃, the BMS system sends feedback to a control unit, the control unit opens a pipeline valve connected with the corresponding placing groove according to a preset program and drives a water source heat pump to start working at the same time, and the cooling liquid is conveyed into the placing groove; the fire extinguishing agent used by the high-pressure fire extinguishing device is perfluoro-hexanone.
2. The lithium battery cooling fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station according to claim 1, wherein switch valves are installed on the inflow main pipe, the return main pipe, the inflow branch pipe, the return branch pipe, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent main pipe and the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipe, and the switch valves are connected with the control unit.
3. The lithium battery cooling fire suppression system for an energy storage power station of claim 1, wherein the placement tank is made of a refractory material.
4. The lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station according to claim 1, wherein a pressure relief valve is arranged at the upper part of the placing groove.
5. A lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing method for an energy storage power station is based on the lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing system for the energy storage power station according to any one of claims 1-4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps,
S1: the working state of the lithium battery is abnormal, the internal temperature rises, and a BMS system in the battery monitors the temperature change;
s2: when the internal temperature of the lithium battery exceeds 60 ℃, the BMS system feeds back temperature abnormality information to the control unit in the form of an electric signal;
S3: the control unit opens an inflow branch pipe switch valve and a reflux branch pipe switch valve of a placing groove where the abnormal battery is located according to a preset action program, drives the water source heat pump to start working at the same time, cooling water flows into the placing groove from a water tank of the water source heat pump along the inflow main pipe and the inflow branch pipe, and when the water level in the placing groove rises to the height of the reflux pipeline, the cooling water flows back to the water source heat pump along the reflux branch pipe and the reflux main pipe to form circulation;
S4: if the temperature of the lithium battery module continues to rise and a thermal runaway phenomenon occurs, smoke released by the interior of the lithium battery module is monitored by a smoke detection alarm device, or the flame shape of the surface of the lithium battery is monitored by a thermal imaging instrument, when information is fed back to a control unit, the control unit opens a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent dry pipe and a switching valve of a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent branch pipe according to a preset program to drive the high-pressure fire extinguishing unit to spray the fire extinguishing agent to the surface of the battery module in a placing groove;
s5: after the flame is extinguished, the water source heat pump is kept to run, and when the temperature of the lithium battery module monitored by the BMS system is reduced to the room temperature, the control unit closes the water source heat pump, and the system work is finished.
6. The method for cooling and extinguishing a lithium battery for an energy storage power station according to claim 5, wherein if the BMS system is damaged during thermal runaway, the surface temperature of the lithium battery module returned by the thermal imager is used as a reference.
CN202211649866.6A 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Lithium battery cooling and fire extinguishing system and cooling and fire extinguishing method for energy storage power station Active CN115957464B (en)

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