CN115956565A - Composition for preventing and treating plant nematode diseases and promoting plant growth and application thereof - Google Patents
Composition for preventing and treating plant nematode diseases and promoting plant growth and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000005959 Fosthiazate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to prevention and control of nematode diseases of crops, in particular to a composition for preventing and controlling nematode diseases of plants and promoting plant growth and application thereof. The active ingredients of the composition are chitosan oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and purple mould fungus (Purpureocillium lilacinum), wherein the weight ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide, the fosthiazate and the purple mould fungus is 1-3. The composition has the control effect on the nematode diseases of crops of more than 70 percent, has long lasting period, can reduce the using amount of the fosthiazate pesticide by 30 to 50 percent, is environment-friendly, and can obviously improve the crop yield by 30 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to prevention and control of plant nematode diseases, in particular to a composition for preventing and controlling plant nematode diseases and promoting plant growth and application thereof.
Background
Plant nematodes are one of the important pathogens of crop diseases, and the economic loss caused by nematodes is reported to be as high as 800-1000 billion yuan each year worldwide. In China, nematodes are in various varieties and serious harm in temperate zones and subtropical zones. Plant nematodes seriously harm the production of wheat, corn, rice, sweet potato, soybean, vegetables, peanuts, chinese herbal medicines and other grain and economic crops in China. The plant nematode disease causes 10-20% of the loss of field crop yield, and the serious land can reach 30-50%. For example, the damage area of the wheat heterodera avenae wollenweber in winter wheat area of China exceeds 4 multiplied by 10 6 hm 2 And the yield loss of the hazard area is 15-20 percent. The soybean cyst nematode disease occurrence area of China is 1.33 multiplied by 10 all the year round 6 hm 2 The yield of the soybean can be reduced by 5-10 percent, and the yield of the seriously damaged land can be reduced by more than 30 percent. The economic loss caused by soybean cyst nematode disease exceeds 6 billion yuan RMB each year. The vegetable planting area in China exceeds 1.1 multiplied by 10 8 hm 2 The vegetable yield is reduced by more than 30% due to the damage of root-knot nematodes, and the economic loss of the vegetables caused by the root-knot nematode disease exceeds 30 billion yuan RMB every year. In addition, the infection damage of root-knot nematode can also aggravate the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as blight, root rot and the like. With global climate change, improvement of planting system and rapid development of large-scale agriculture, plant nematode diseases will rise to the second major plant diseases in China.
At present, chemical nematicides are mainly used for controlling plant nematodiasis in production. Most of the traditional nematicides are organic sulfur fumigants, halogenated hydrocarbon fumigants and organic phosphorus nematicides which cause serious environmental pollution. The chemical nematicide has the problems of poor selectivity, high residual risk, difficult degradation, no safety to people and livestock, drug resistance initiation and the like, and the disease control effect is reduced year by year. Chemical nematicides such as aldicarb, fenamiphos and the like used on field crops such as grains and cotton are forbidden in vegetable disease control due to high toxicity, and only a few nematicides such as fosthiazate, abamectin and the like can be used for controlling vegetable nematode diseases. The fosthiazate has quick effect on preventing and controlling the root-knot nematodes, but has poor durability, the control effect is reduced along with the prolonging of time, continuous pesticide application is needed, and the cost is high. The high-dose fosthiazate has obvious inhibition effect on the growth of plant roots and influences the growth of plants. In addition, the residual period of fosthiazate in soil is long, and groundwater is easily polluted. With the development requirement of green, safe and efficient agriculture, accelerating the reduction and the increase of pesticides is an important measure for promoting the green development of agriculture. The biocontrol microbial inoculum has the advantages of strong selectivity, small toxic and side effects, no residue, safety to the environment and the like, but is easily influenced by a plurality of ecological factors in the actual application process, for example, the biocontrol microbial inoculum has different degrees of bacteriostasis in soil and weak affinity of strains with plant roots, so that the biocontrol microbial inoculum has unstable control effect and slow effect, and the application of the biocontrol microbial inoculum in agricultural production is limited.
Therefore, the research and development of the medicament for preventing and treating the nematode diseases, which has good effect, quick response, long lasting period and environmental friendliness, has great significance for the production of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of short lasting period, unstable pesticide effect, environmental friendliness and the like of the existing nematicides, the invention provides a composition taking chitosan oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and violet spore as active components. The composition can effectively reduce the using amount of fosthiazate, has good effect of preventing and treating nematode diseases of crops, and has longer lasting period.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the active ingredients of the composition for preventing and controlling plant nematode diseases comprise chitin oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and purple violet (Purpureocillium lilacinum), wherein the weight ratio of the chitin oligosaccharide to the fosthiazate to the purple violet is (1-3).
The weight ratio of the chitooligosaccharide, fosthiazate and violaxacum may be 1.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the chitooligosaccharide, fosthiazate and violaxacum in the product is 1.
The chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition is a degradation product of chitin, and the structure of the chitosan oligosaccharide is an acetylglucosamine linked oligomer. The degradation method of chitin can be one or two of an enzymatic method and a chemical method.
The fosthiazate in the composition is characterized in that: fosthiazate, O-ethyl-S-sec-butyl-2-oxo-1, 3-thiazolidin-3-yl thiophosphonate, its english name: fosthiazate, molecular formula: c 9 H 18 NO 3 PS 2 The molecular weight is: 283.3479, the structural formula is as follows:
preferably, the molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 300-10000Da, more preferably 300-2000Da; the effective live spore content of the purple lilac spore is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g.
The nematode disease comprises a disease caused by root-knot nematode, cyst nematode, stem nematode, aphelenchoides, longhead nematode, coleoptile nematode, or sword nematode.
The plant includes grain crop, economic forest, chinese medicinal material, flower, or lawn. In some embodiments, the plant is cucumber, tobacco, tomato, or soybean.
A medicament comprising any of the compositions and an adjuvant; the auxiliary agent is carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan, pumice, diatomite, attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, talcum powder or any combination thereof.
The dosage form of the medicament can be soluble powder, wettable powder, granules, water dispersible granules, microcapsules or tablets.
The use of any one of said compositions or said medicament for the control of nematode disease in plants.
In the above application, the nematode disease includes a disease caused by root-knot nematode, cyst nematode, stem nematode, aphelenchoides, longhead nematode, coleopteran, or sword nematode; the plant includes grain crop, economic forest, chinese medicinal material, flower, or lawn.
Preferably, the composition or the medicament is applied in a hole application mode, a furrow application mode, a broadcast application mode, a root irrigation mode or any combination of the hole application mode, the furrow application mode, the broadcast application mode, the root irrigation mode or any combination of the hole application mode and the root irrigation mode, wherein the application amount per mu is 1000-4000 g.
Has the advantages that:
(1) According to the invention, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the fosthiazate and the violet spore bacteria are taken as active ingredients and are compounded according to a specific proportion, the prevention effect of the obtained composition on the nematode diseases of crops is more than 70%, the dosage of the chemical pesticide fosthiazate is reduced by 30-50%, and the composition is environment-friendly.
(2) The composition can also protect the root growth of crops, increase the yield of the crops by 10-30 percent and generate obvious economic and social benefits.
(3) The composition has double functions of preventing and treating plant nematode diseases, can protect healthy plants from being infected by nematodes when used before the diseases occur, and can control the spread of the nematode diseases when used after the diseases occur.
(4) The composition is not easy to generate drug resistance, can effectively improve plant immunity and induce plants to generate disease resistance while preventing and treating diseases, and has long lasting period.
(5) The composition has broad spectrum and can effectively prevent and control various plant nematode diseases, such as cucumber root knot nematode disease, tomato root knot nematode disease, tobacco root knot nematode disease, soybean cyst nematode disease and the like.
(6) The chitosan oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and violet bacteria can be directly mixed for use, and can also be prepared into various dosage forms, thus being suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
In conclusion, the composition provided by the invention can obviously reduce the usage amount of the pesticide fosthiazate, improve the control effect on the nematode diseases of crops, improve the crop yield, accord with the green development direction of agriculture in China, and has important significance for promoting the development of agricultural economy.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative and explanatory and not limiting of the scope of the invention in any way.
Purple violet (purpurococcum lilacinum) is a known species, commercially available. The Arisaema lilacinum granules used in the following examples were purchased from Zhongke Po-one (Dalian) agricultural science and technology Co., ltd., in which the effective viable spore content of Arisaema lilacinum was 10 hundred million CFU g -1 . It is to be understood that the practice of the present invention is not dependent on the particular purple violet spore strain.
Fosthiazate: the name of English: fosthiazate, chinese alias: fosthiazate, O-ethyl-S-sec-butyl-2-oxo-1, 3-thiazolidin-3-yl thiophosphonate, formula: c 9 H 18 NO 3 PS 2 Molecular weight: 283.3479. are commercially available. The 10% fosthiazate granules used in the following examples were purchased from Shandong Huayang agrochemical chemical group, ltd, and contained 10% fosthiazate by mass fraction.
Chitin oligosaccharide: is a degradation product of chitin, and the structure of the degradation product is an acetylglucosamine-linked oligomer. Are commercially available. The molecular weight of the chitooligosaccharides used in the following examples was 300-10000Da, prepared by the university of Chinese academy of sciences chemico-physical study.
Unless otherwise specified, the reagents used in the following examples are conventional in the art, and are either commercially available or formulated according to methods conventional in the art, and may be of laboratory grade. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods and conditions used in the following examples are all conventional in the art, and reference may be made to relevant experimental manuals, well-known literature, or manufacturer's instructions. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The funding support of the present patent application: 1. the research and application of key technologies for improving the biological fertility of continuous cropping soil and the disease resistance of tobacco (project number: 2021530000241032); 2. the integration and demonstration of the ecological regulation and control technology for the safe and high-quality production of vegetables (the project number is 2020ZDLNY 07-06).
Example 1 potted plant control efficacy test of Chitosan oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and Viola lilacina composition against cucumber root knot nematode disease
The test was carried out in a climatic chamber of the institute of chemico-physical, university of Chinese academy of sciences. The cucumber variety to be tested is Dongfeng No. 2. The test nematode is obtained from root knot infected by nematode, and is inoculated to the root of cucumber by egg sac inoculation method for propagation.
Each pot (diameter 24cm, height 26.5 cm) was filled with 4kg of soil, and 200g of diseased soil with root knots was added to each pot for inoculation. When transplanting the seedlings, the treatment agent is put in soil in a hole mode, and the cucumber seedlings with two leaves and one heart stage are transplanted into pots, wherein 4 cucumbers are planted in each pot. After 60d, measuring the growth conditions of overground (plant height and fresh weight) and underground (root weight, root length and root knot index) tissues of the cucumbers, and investigating the root knot conditions. The following 7 different application treatments were set, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and 5 pots of cucumber were planted each.
Treatment 1: apply 10% fosthiazate granules 2.2 g/pot;
and (3) treatment 2: application of 10 hundred million CFU g -1 4.7g of purple violet spore bacteria granules per pot;
and (3) treatment: 0.055g of chitosan oligosaccharide per basin;
and (4) treatment: (chitooligosaccharide 0.055g +10% fosthiazate granules 1.65g + Violet purple spore granules 1.1 g)/pot;
and (4) treatment 5: (chitooligosaccharide 0.055g +10% fosthiazate granules 1.1g + Violet purple spore granules 0.55 g)/pot;
and (6) treatment: (0.055g of chitin oligosaccharide, 0.55g of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.275g of purple spore bacteria granules) per pot;
and (7) treatment: no drug was administered as a blank control.
The grading method of diseased plants comprises the following steps: 0 grade, root system has no root knot; grade 1, the number of root knots accounts for 0 to 25 percent of the whole root; grade 2, the number of the root knots accounts for 26 to 50 percent of the whole root; grade 3, the number of the root knots accounts for 51 to 75 percent of the whole root; grade 4, the number of the root knots accounts for 76 to 100 percent of the whole root.
Root knot index = [ (number of diseased plants at each stage × disease value)/(number of total investigated plants × highest value) ] × 100%
Control effect (%) = [ (control average root knot index-treatment average root knot index)/control average root knot index ] × 100%
The effect of different agent treatments on the growth of potted cucumbers is shown in table 1. As can be seen from table 1, the plant height and the above-ground fresh weight of the cucumbers treated with the treatments 1-6 were significantly increased compared to the blank control. Of the three treatments of the composition of the present invention, treatments 4 and 5 were higher in plant height and fresh weight than the other agent treatments, and treatment 6 was slightly lower in plant height and fresh weight than treatment 1 (with fosthiazate alone) than treatment 1. The effect of treating 5 (0.055g of chitooligosaccharide, 1.1g of fosthiazate granules and 0.55g of lilium violaceum granules) to protect the normal growth of the overground parts (height and fresh weight of the plant) of the cucumbers is most obvious, and the influence on the growth of the root systems of the cucumbers is similar to the influence on the growth of the overground parts of the cucumbers. Compared with treatment 7 (blank control), the root system of cucumber is obviously increased after single application or mixed application of different agents, wherein the protection effect of treatment 4 and treatment 5 on the root length and the root weight is better than that of other treatments, and particularly the protection effect of treatment 4 (0.055g +10% of chitooligosaccharide, 1.65g of fosthiazate granules and 1.1g of lilium violaceum granules) on the root system is the best.
TABLE 1 Effect of different agent treatments on growth of potted cucumber
The control effect of different medicament treatments on the root knot nematode disease of the potted cucumber is shown in table 2. The results show that compared with the blank control, the treatment of 1-6 has certain control effect on the root knot nematode disease of the cucumber. The control effect of the treatment 4 and the treatment 5 is more than 70 percent; the control effects of treatment 1 and treatment 6 were 67.01% and 64.07%, respectively; the control effect of the treatment 2 is 53.11%; the control effect of treatment 3 was 22.49%. The result shows that the control effect of the treatment 5 (0.055g of chitooligosaccharide, 1.1g of fosthiazate granules and 0.55g of lilac violet spore granules) is the best, and is obviously better than the control effect of the treatment 1 (singly using fosthiazate) and the treatment 2 (singly using lilac violet spore bacteria).
TABLE 2 control effect of different drug treatments on root knot nematode disease of potted cucumber
| Treatment of | Root knot index (%) | Control effect (%) |
| 1 | 29.2 | 67.01 |
| 2 | 41.5 | 53.11 |
| 3 | 68.6 | 22.49 |
| 4 | 25.4 | 71.30 |
| 5 | 22.3 | 74.80 |
| 6 | 31.5 | 64.07 |
| 7 | 88.5 | - |
Example 2 greenhouse prevention test of chitin oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and purple spore fungus composition on cucumber root knot nematode disease
The test is carried out in a greenhouse in Yuntai Zhen Li Xingchun of a Dalian tile shop. The test shed plants cucumbers for many years and is seriously harmed by root-knot nematodes. The cucumber variety to be tested is No. 26 early spring. And (3) transplanting the cucumbers in 21 days 3-2020, applying a pesticide to prevent and control root-knot nematodes and applying a pesticide in furrow. The total area of the greenhouse is about 300m 2 And the area of each cell is 2m multiplied by 6m. The following 7 different application treatments were set, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the differently treated cells were randomly block-arranged.
Treatment 1:2 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules are applied;
and (3) treatment 2: application of 10 hundred million CFU g -1 1 kg/mu of purple lilac spore bacteria granules;
and (3) treatment: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide;
and (4) treatment: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.5 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 1 kg/mu of violet spore bacteria granules;
and (4) treatment 5: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of violet spore bacteria granules;
and (6) treatment: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 500 g/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 250 g/mu of violet spore granules;
and (7) treatment: no drug was administered as a blank control.
And (5) counting the root knot index of the cucumber after 90 days of application. The grading method of the diseased plants, the root knot index and the calculation method of the control effect are the same as those in example 1.
The control effect of different medicament treatments on greenhouse cucumber root knot nematode disease is shown in table 3. The results show that compared with the blank control, the treatments 1 to 6 all have certain control effects on the cucumber root knot nematode disease, the control effects on the cucumber root knot nematode disease of the treatments 1, 4 and 5 are 71.56%, 78.04% and 79.49 respectively, the control effects on the treatments 2 and 6 are 57.41 and 61.77 respectively, and the control effect on the treatment 3 is 33.47%. The treatment 4 and the treatment 5 are superior to the control effect of a certain medicament, wherein the control effect of the treatment 5 (50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of lilac spore granules) is the best.
TABLE 3 prevention and cure effect of different medicament treatment on root knot nematode disease of greenhouse cucumber
| Treatment of | Root knot index (%) | Control effect (%) |
| 1 | 21.5 | 71.56 |
| 2 | 32.2 | 57.41 |
| 3 | 50.3 | 33.47 |
| 4 | 16.6 | 78.04 |
| 5 | 15.5 | 79.49 |
| 6 | 28.9 | 61.77 |
| 7 | 75.6 | — |
Example 3 Effect test of Chitosan oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and Viola lilacina composition on controlling root knot nematode disease of tobacco
In the tobacco field of the high-warehouse Zhenlong tree village in the red tower area of Yuxi city, yunnan province, the tobacco is seriously damaged by root-knot nematodes in the past year. The tobacco variety tested was K326. Transplanting tobacco seedlings in No. 4 and No. 29 of 2021, wherein the tobacco seedlings are in a three-leaf stage. Meanwhile, the drug is applied to prevent and control root-knot nematodes, and the drug is applied in holes. The total area of the greenhouse is about 300m 2 And the area of each cell is 2m multiplied by 15m. The following 7 different application treatments were set, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the cells of the different treatments were randomized block aligned.
Treatment 1:2 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules are applied;
and (3) treatment 2: application of 10 hundred million CFU g -1 1 kg/mu of purple lilac spore bacteria granules;
and (3) treatment: chitosan oligosaccharide 50 g/mu;
and (4) treatment: chitosan oligosaccharide 50 g/mu +10% fosthiazate granule 1.5 kg/mu + violet spore bacterium granule 1 kg/mu;
and (4) treatment 5: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of violet spore bacteria granules;
and (6) treatment: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 500 g/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 250 g/mu of violet spore bacteria granules;
and (7) treatment: no drug was administered as a blank control.
And carrying out second pesticide application 40 days after transplanting. No. 7/28/2021, the growth of tobacco was analyzed. Counting the incidence and disease index of tobacco root knot nematode disease: the first statistical date is 2021, 6 months and 15 days, the second statistical date is 2021, 7 months and 03 days, and the third statistical date is 2021, 9 months and 08 days.
Root knot severity grading was performed according to the following criteria: grade 0 is that all root systems are not infected by nematodes and have no root knots; grade 1 is that the root system with root knot accounts for less than 25% of the total root system; grade 2 is that the root knot accounts for 26% -50% of the total root system; grade 3 is that the number of root knots accounts for 51 to 75 percent of the total root system; grade 4 is that the number of root knots accounts for 76 to 100 percent of the total root system.
Incidence rate = (number of investigated diseased plants/number of investigated total plants) × 100%
Disease index = ∑ (number of diseased plants at each stage × disease value)/(number of total investigated plants × highest value) ] × 100%
The control effect (%) was calculated in the same manner as in example 1.
The effect of different agent treatments on tobacco growth is shown in table 4. The results show that the plant height, leaf number, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of the tobaccos treated in the treatment groups 1-6 are all obviously higher than those of blank controls, wherein the plant height, leaf number, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of the tobaccos treated in the treatment groups 4 and 5 are all obviously higher than those of other treatment groups, and the promotion effect of the treatment groups 5 (50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide and 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of lilac spore granules) on the growth of the tobaccos is the best. Compared with the treatment 1 (singly using fosthiazate) and the treatment 2 (singly using lilac violet spore bacteria), the treatment 3 (singly using chito-oligosaccharide) has a certain promotion effect on the growth of tobacco.
TABLE 4 Effect of different agent treatments on tobacco growth
| Treatment of | Plant height (cm) | Number of blades (N) | Maximum leaf length (cm) | Maximum leaf width (cm) | Stem enclosure (cm) |
| 1 | 78.77 | 25.30 | 51.67 | 27.27 | 8.18 |
| 2 | 61.00 | 22.00 | 46.50 | 23.52 | 7.10 |
| 3 | 58.48 | 21.60 | 43.87 | 23.06 | 7.12 |
| 4 | 93.80 | 26.07 | 55.13 | 29.77 | 8.60 |
| 5 | 95.93 | 27.63 | 56.12 | 29.52 | 8.94 |
| 6 | 78.77 | 25.30 | 51.67 | 27.27 | 8.18 |
| 7 | 38.37 | 16.57 | 35.90 | 18.77 | 5.68 |
The control effect of different medicament treatments on tobacco root knot nematode disease is shown in table 5. The first statistical results showed that treatment 5 had an incidence of 33.33%, treatment 1 had an incidence of 66.67%, and all other treatments had an incidence of 100%, but the disease index of the drug treatments was lower than the blank. Treatment 5 had the lowest disease index, 6.17%; treatment 1, disease index 12.34%; again treatment 4, disease index was 18.51%. The second statistical result showed that the incidence of disease was 66.67% for treatment 5, 83.33% for treatment 4, and 100% for the other treatments. However, the disease index of the drug-treated group was lower than that of the blank control. The third statistical result shows that the morbidity of all treatments is 100%, but the disease indexes of the treatments 4 and 5 are obviously lower than those of the blank control and other treatments, namely 23.33% and 20.99%, and the prevention and treatment effects are 70.93% and 73.84%, respectively. The composition provided by the invention obviously improves the pesticide effect of fosthiazate, wherein the control effect of treating 5 (50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide and 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of lilac violet spore granules) is the best.
TABLE 5 prevention and control of tobacco root knot nematode disease by different agent treatments
Example 4 Effect test of Chitosan oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and Viola lilacina composition on controlling tomato root knot nematode disease
The test is carried out in a greenhouse of Yuanwu Yuancun-Yuancun of a tile house shop in the city of Dalian in 2021, 7-12 months, and the grower is a farmer with years of planting experience. The length of the greenhouse is 150m, the width of the greenhouse is 10m, tomatoes have been planted for years continuously, the tomato root-knot nematode disease is serious, the soil is fertile and loose, and the fertility is consistent. The tested tomato variety is pink fruit. The test was carried out with a total of 7 treatments, each treatment being a test zone, having an area of 20X 10m, and no repetition.
Treatment 1:2 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules are applied;
and (3) treatment 2: application of 10 hundred million CFU g -1 1 kg/mu of purple lilac spore bacteria granules;
and (3) treatment: chitosan oligosaccharide 50 g/mu;
and (4) treatment: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.5 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 1 kg/mu of violet spore bacteria granules;
and (4) treatment 5: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of violet spore bacteria granules;
and (6) treatment: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 500 g/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 250 g/mu of violet spore granules;
and (7) treatment: no drug was administered as a blank control.
The tomatoes are mixed with soil and applied in holes before being fixed, the mixed soil directly acts on roots, and the management is carried out according to conventional management.
Growth and yield follow-up determination: and observing the growth condition of the crops in each cell in the growth period, and measuring and recording the plant height and stem thickness of the crops in each cell when the tomatoes are planted for 120 days. 30 strains were analyzed each time, with 3 replicates. And recording the actual yield of the whole processing district in the fruit harvesting period of the crops.
Analyzing and recording the number of dead plants in each cell by the disease index; and when harvesting is finished and residual seedlings are cleaned, randomly sampling and investigating the root knot condition of crop roots, processing and investigating 30 plants each, judging and recording the number of the generation stages of the root knots, and calculating the disease index and the prevention and treatment effect.
Grading standard of disease severity: level 0: the root system has no root knot; level 1: the number of the root knot accounts for 0 to 25 percent of the whole root; and 2, stage: the number of the root knot accounts for 26-50% of the whole root; and 3, level: the number of the root knots accounts for 51-75% of the whole root; 4, level: the number of the root knot accounts for 76 to 100 percent of the whole root.
Root knot index = [ (number of diseased plants at each stage × disease value)/(number of total investigated plants × highest value) ] × 100%
Control effect (%) = [ (control average root knot index-treatment average root knot index)/control average root knot index ] × 100%
Yield increase = [ (treatment zone average yield-control zone average yield)/control zone average yield ] × 100%
The effect of different agent treatments on tomato growth is shown in table 6. Compared with a blank control, the treatments 1-6 have obvious promotion effects on the plant height and stem thickness of the tomatoes, wherein the effects of the treatment 4 and the treatment 5 are superior to those of other treatments, and the growth effects of the treatment 5 (50 g/mu of chitooligosaccharide, 1.0 kg/mu of fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of lilac spore granules) on the plant height and stem thickness of the tomatoes are most obvious.
TABLE 6 Effect of different agent treatments on tomato growth
| Treatment of | Plant height (cm) | Stem diameter (mm) |
| 1 | 150.55 | 12.03 |
| 2 | 145.53 | 11.95 |
| 3 | 148.33 | 11.86 |
| 4 | 162.36 | 12.33 |
| 5 | 166.57 | 12.85 |
| 6 | 148.95 | 11.75 |
| 7 | 118.20 | 9.95 |
The control effect of different agent treatments on tomato root-knot nematode disease and the effect on tomato yield are shown in table 7.
Compared with the blank control, the treatment of 1-6 has certain control effect on the tomato root-knot nematode disease. The control effects of the treatments 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 are more than 50%, wherein the control effects of the treatments 4 and 5 are more than 70%, and the control effect of the treatment 5 (50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide and 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of lilac violet spore granules) is the best, and is 72.22%.
Compared with a blank control, the treatments 1 to 6 have obvious yield increasing effect, the yield increasing effect of the first three treatments are the treatment 5, the treatment 4 and the treatment 1, and the yield increasing rate of the treatment is 148.13%, 144.51% and 115.27% respectively. Next, treatments 6, 2 and 3 had yields of 110.91%, 107.11% and 98.54%, respectively. The yield of the treatment 3 is obviously improved, and the treatment is probably related to the promotion of root growth by the chitosan oligosaccharide and the elimination of toxin secretion harm of nematodes.
TABLE 7 Effect of different treatments on tomato root-knot nematode disease control and tomato yield
| Treatment of | Average throughput (Kg) of the treatment area | Yield increase (%) | Disease index (%) | Control effect (%) |
| 1 | 356.17 | 115.27 | 18.67 | 64.64 |
| 2 | 342.66 | 107.11 | 22.43 | 57.52 |
| 3 | 328.48. | 98.54 | 32.64 | 38.18 |
| 4 | 404.55 | 144.51 | 15.45 | 70.74 |
| 5 | 410.53 | 148.13 | 14.67 | 72.22 |
| 6 | 348.95 | 110.91 | 25.48 | 51.74 |
| 7 | 165.45 | — | 52.80 | — |
Example 5 Effect test of Chitosan oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and Viola lilacina composition on the prevention of Soybean cyst nematode disease
The test was conducted in Ming shui Zhen Cheng village, ming shui county, ming shui, heilongjiang province, no. 5/10, 2020. The test plots are soybean continuous cropping plots with high incidence of cyst nematode diseases, belong to sandy soil carbonate black calcium soil, have the organic matter content of 3.0 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of 167.5mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content of 19.6mg/kg and the quick-acting potassium content of 185.8mg/kg, and have uniform and consistent fertility and flat topography. The soybean variety to be tested is crofton 25. The test adopts large-area comparison without repetition. The test was carried out with a total of 7 treatments, each treatment being a test zone, having an area of 20X 10m, and no repetition.
Treatment 1:2 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules are applied;
and (3) treatment 2: application of 10 hundred million CFU g -1 1 kg/mu of purple lilac spore bacteria granules;
and (3) treatment: chitosan oligosaccharide 50 g/mu;
and (4) treatment: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.5 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 1 kg/mu of violet spore bacteria granules;
and (4) treatment 5: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of violet spore bacteria granules;
and (6) treatment: 50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 500 g/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 250 g/mu of violet spore bacteria granules;
and (7) treatment: no drug was administered as a blank control.
During sowing, the agent is mixed with fine soil uniformly by ditch application method, and the mixture is sowed in the sowing ditch of the plot, and then covered with soil and compacted by a harrow after sowing. And (5) performing conventional field management.
Carrying out statistical analysis on the soybean cyst nematodes, carrying out test treatment after the soybean cyst nematodes break through the soybean root surface after growth and development, wherein the number of seedlings is randomly selected from 10 seedlings after the seedlings grow out for 40 days, namely a cyst exuberant period, counting the number of root cysts, and then calculating the average value.
Control effect (%) = [ (control area cyst number-control area cyst number)/control area cyst number ] × 100
Yield increase = [ (treatment zone average yield-control zone average yield)/control zone average yield ] × 100%
And carrying out survey statistics on the soybean quantity and the yield. When the soybean is harvested, the self-made area is 1m 2 In each treatment area, 5 points were randomly framed, all plants were harvested and the unit area (1 m) was measured 2 ) Yield, converted to 667m per 2 And (4) counting the number of pods and bean grains per point. Measuring thousand seed weight of soybean in each cell after pod threshing, repeating for 3 times, and calculating to obtain 667m of soybean 2 Yield and yield increase.
The control effect of different agent treatments on soybean cyst nematode disease is shown in table 8. The results show that the treatments 1-6 all have certain control effects compared with the blank control. The control effects of treatment 4 and treatment 5 were 72.34% and 77.02%, respectively, the control effects of treatment 1 and treatment 6 were 63.83% and 60.85%, respectively, and the control effects of treatment 2 and treatment 3 were 54.89% and 42.55%, respectively. Therefore, the control effect of the treatment 5 (50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of violet spore bacteria granules) is the best.
TABLE 8 prevention and treatment of Soybean cyst nematode with different agents
| Treatment of | Average number of cysts per plant | Control effect (%) |
| 1 | 8.5 | 63.83 |
| 2 | 10.6 | 54.89 |
| 3 | 13.5 | 42.55 |
| 4 | 6.5 | 72.34 |
| 5 | 5.4 | 77.02 |
| 6 | 9.2 | 60.85 |
| 7 | 23.5 | — |
The effect of different agent treatments on soybean yield is shown in table 9. The results show that treatments 1-6 all increased the effective pod number per plant, grain number per plant and thousand kernel weight of soybeans compared to the blank control, with the degree of effect being treatment 5> treatment 4> treatment 1> treatment 6> treatment 2> treatment 3. Effect on yield: compared with the blank control, the treatments 1 to 6 can increase the yield of the soybeans, and the yield increasing effects are that the treatment 5 is greater than the treatment 4, the treatment 1 is greater than the treatment 6, the treatment 2 is greater than the treatment 3, and the yield increases are 26.79%, 23.06%, 19.08%, 16.89%, 14.74% and 4.57%, respectively. Therefore, the yield increasing effect of treating 5 (50 g/mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.0 kg/mu of 10% fosthiazate granules and 0.5 kg/mu of violet spore bacteria granules) is most obvious.
TABLE 9 Effect of different agent treatments on Soybean yield
Claims (10)
1. The active ingredients of the composition for preventing and controlling plant nematode diseases comprise chitin oligosaccharide, fosthiazate and purple violet (Purpureocillium lilacinum), wherein the weight ratio of the chitin oligosaccharide to the fosthiazate to the purple violet is (1-3).
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of chitooligosaccharide, fosthiazate and violaxanthin is 1.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the chito-oligosaccharide has a molecular weight of 300-10000Da; the effective live spore content of the purple lilac spore is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g.
4. The composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the nematode disease comprises a disease caused by root-knot, cyst, stem, nematode, pratylenchus, longspur, coleoptilus, or sword-worm.
5. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant comprises a food crop, a cash forest, a herbal material, a flower, or a lawn.
6. A medicament comprising a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and an adjuvant; the auxiliary agent is carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan, pumice, diatomite, attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, talcum powder or any combination thereof.
7. The agent of claim 6, wherein the agent is in the form of soluble powder, wettable powder, granule, water dispersible granule, microcapsule, or tablet.
8. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or an agent according to claim 6 or 7 for controlling nematode disease in plants.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the nematode disease comprises a disease caused by root-knot, cyst, stem, lubricating, longilineate, coleus, or sword nematode; the plant includes grain crop, economic forest, chinese medicinal material, flower, or lawn.
10. The use according to claim 8, wherein said composition or said medicament is applied in a hole application, a furrow application, a broadcast application, a root irrigation, or any combination thereof, before or after the onset of the plant, wherein the amount applied per acre is between 1000 and 4000 grams.
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