CN115946047A - Multi-grinding-wheel dressing device suitable for composite grinding machine and composite grinding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-grinding-wheel dressing device suitable for a compound grinding machine and the compound grinding machine. Many emery wheels trimming device is equipped with and drives actuating cylinder, rack and pinion mechanism, buffering and shock absorber cylinder and buddha's warrior attendant pen swing arm mechanism, the cylinder piston rod, rack and the equal vertical setting of cylinder piston rod, coaxial coupling together in proper order, the inner fixed connection of swing arm side axle head and the swing arm of diamond swing arm mechanism of gear shaft, the extending direction perpendicular to gear shaft's of swing arm extending direction, its outer end is equipped with buddha's warrior attendant pen stand, install one or more buddha's warrior attendant pens on the buddha's warrior attendant pen stand, a plurality of buddha's warrior attendant pens for the difference. The grinding wheel dressing device of the composite grinding machine adopts a multi-grinding wheel dressing device. The invention can reduce or avoid the interference to the normal work of the grinding machine, realize the effective buffer of the action of the dressing element and improve the static rigidity of the dressing element in the dressing structure.

Description

Multi-grinding-wheel dressing device suitable for composite grinding machine and composite grinding machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a multi-grinding wheel dressing device suitable for a composite grinding machine and also relates to the composite grinding machine adopting the multi-grinding wheel dressing device, belonging to the technical field of machining equipment.

Background

Be equipped with the grinding wheel dressing device (or called grinding wheel dresser) on the grinding machine with the emery wheel more, generally with the grinding wheel dressing device setting on the workstation of grinding machine, some grinding wheel dressing device are fixed on the workstation, some emery wheel revisers can be on the workstation and move straight-line vertically and horizontally, so that remove corresponding operating position when the emery wheel is maintained to needs, some grinding wheel dresser is equipped with the swing arm, drive the swing arm swing through the motor, send diamond pen or other grinding wheel dressing components to corresponding operating position. For example, chinese patent document CN215617139U discloses an ultra-precise numerically controlled grinder with a grinding wheel dresser, which includes a worktable and a grinding wheel, wherein the grinding wheel is disposed on an upper surface of the worktable, an adjusting device is disposed on an outer side surface of the worktable, the adjusting device includes a three-axis platform, the outer side surface of the three-axis platform is fixedly mounted on the outer side surface of the worktable through a supporting plate, a driving groove body is fixedly mounted on an outer surface of a Z axis of the three-axis platform through a slider, a dressing device is disposed on an upper surface of the driving groove body, the dressing device includes a turntable groove body, a lower surface of the turntable groove body is slidably connected to an upper surface of the driving groove body, the adjusting device further includes a driving motor, an outer surface of the driving motor is fixedly mounted on an inner bottom wall of the driving groove body, a cam divider is fixedly mounted on an inner bottom wall of the driving groove body, an output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly mounted with one end of the cam divider, and the cam is driven by the driving motor, so that the turntable groove body can be rotated 90 degrees at each time and reversed. Chinese patent document CN115179129A discloses a double-end-surface disc type vertical shaft numerically controlled grinder, which comprises a grinding mechanism, a cooling system, a master control box, a feeding and discharging mechanism and a grinding wheel dresser, wherein the grinding mechanism is used for grinding two opposite end surfaces of a workpiece, the cooling system is used for supplying, recovering, filtering and cooling coolant, the master control box is used for automatically controlling the operation of the whole grinder, the feeding and discharging mechanism is used for automatically feeding and discharging the workpiece, the grinding wheel dresser is used for dressing the surface of a grinding wheel, and comprises a dressing arm, a reduction gearbox, a fixed shaft and a servo motor IV, the reduction gearbox, the fixed shaft and the dressing arm are sequentially connected, the servo motor IV drives the dressing arm to rotate through the fixed shaft, the dressing arm is driven to rotate through the action of the servo motor IV, and the grinding wheel is dressed through the action of the dressing arm. Chinese patent document CN210335598U discloses a reverse table type grinding wheel dresser device, which comprises a bottom plate, wherein a rack is arranged on the bottom plate in a sliding manner, and the rack is driven by an oil cylinder arranged on the bottom plate to perform reciprocating linear motion; a bearing seat is installed on the bottom plate, a shaft is rotatably arranged on the bearing seat, a gear is installed at the end part of the shaft, the gear is meshed with the rack, a rocker arm which synchronously rotates along with the shaft is connected to the shaft, a diamond pen holder is connected to the rocker arm, the diamond pen holder can perform corresponding position adjustment along the length direction of the surface of the rocker arm, and a diamond pen is respectively arranged at the front end part and the side surfaces of two sides of the diamond pen holder; a first positioning block is fixed on the bottom plate, a second positioning block is arranged on the bottom surface of the rocker arm, and the second positioning block is matched with the first positioning block.

These prior art peculiar characteristics are applicable to the occasion of adaptation respectively, however also have some common limitations, firstly occupy the workspace, especially to automatic production line, when adopting the manipulator to carry out the unloading of work piece, the active area of manipulator often receives certain restriction, secondly lack effectual buffering, thirdly in the emery wheel finishing process, the static rigidity of finishing element (for example, diamond pen) is limited, these all can produce adverse effect to work efficiency and emery wheel finishing quality.

Disclosure of Invention

To overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a multiple-wheel dressing device for a compound grinding machine and a compound grinding machine using/equipped with the multiple-wheel dressing device, so as to reduce or avoid the interference to the normal operation of the grinding machine, achieve effective buffering of the actions of dressing elements, and improve the static rigidity of the dressing elements in the dressing process.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the multi-grinding-wheel dressing device is suitable for a composite grinding machine and is provided with a driving air cylinder, a gear rack mechanism, a buffering and damping oil cylinder and a diamond pen swing arm mechanism, wherein the driving air cylinder, the gear rack mechanism and the buffering and damping oil cylinder are sequentially distributed from bottom to top, an air cylinder piston rod of the driving air cylinder, a rack of the gear rack mechanism and an oil cylinder piston rod of the buffering and damping oil cylinder are vertically arranged and are sequentially and coaxially connected together, the end of a swing arm side shaft of a gear shaft of the gear rack mechanism is fixedly connected with the inner end of a swing arm of the diamond swing arm mechanism, the extending direction of the swing arm is perpendicular to the extending direction of the gear shaft, a diamond pen holder is arranged at the outer end of the swing arm, one or more diamond pens are mounted on the diamond pen holder, and the diamond pens are different from one another, or the diamond pens (when the diamond pens are arranged) are different from one another and are respectively used for dressing different grinding wheels.

The number of the diamond pens can be set according to actual needs. For example, when the grinding wheel is used for a compound grinding machine provided with three grinding wheels, namely an external cylindrical grinding wheel, an external cylindrical end face grinding wheel and an internal hole grinding wheel, the number of the diamond pens is 3, and the diamond pens are used for trimming the external cylindrical grinding wheel, the external cylindrical end face grinding wheel and the internal hole grinding wheel of the compound grinding machine respectively.

Further, each diamond pen (when a plurality of diamond pens are provided) may be located on a plane where the swing arm axis (swing arm center line in the swing arm extending direction) and the gear shaft axis (gear shaft center line in the gear shaft extending direction) are located or on the same plane parallel to the plane where the swing arm axis and the gear shaft axis are located.

Furthermore, the rack-and-pinion mechanism is provided with a base, the base is provided with a vertical through hole and a horizontal through hole which are crossed in the base, the rack is arranged in the vertical through hole, the gear shaft is arranged in the horizontal through hole, and the base is rotatably installed through two bearings which are respectively arranged on two sides of the gear.

Preferably, both bearings used to rotatably mount the gear shaft on the base are tapered roller bearings.

Preferably, an end cover for covering the non-swing arm side orifice of the transverse through hole is arranged on the non-swing arm side orifice of the transverse through hole, and a sealing ring is arranged between the swing arm side orifice of the transverse through hole and the gear shaft.

Preferably, the swing-arm-free end of the gear shaft is provided with a lock nut.

Preferably, the upper end of the cylinder body (or called cylinder barrel) of the driving cylinder is open, the fixed sealing connection is arranged on the bottom surface of the base of the rack and pinion mechanism, the base is a cylinder cover of the base, a cavity (inner cavity) of the driving cylinder is enclosed together with the cylinder body, and a speed regulation joint for gas inlet and outlet connection of the upper cylinder cavity (or called upper air cavity) and the lower cylinder cavity (or called lower air cavity) is respectively arranged on the side surface of the base and the side surface of the cylinder body, a cylinder upper cavity vent hole for communicating the upper cylinder cavity and the corresponding speed regulation joint is arranged on the base, a cylinder lower cavity vent hole for communicating the lower cylinder cavity and the corresponding speed regulation joint is arranged on the cylinder body, an inner end orifice of the cylinder upper cavity vent hole (an orifice of the communicating cylinder upper cavity) is arranged on the top surface of the cylinder upper cavity (namely the bottom surface of the base), and an inner end orifice of the cylinder lower cavity vent hole (an orifice of the communicating cylinder lower cavity) is arranged on the bottom surface of the cylinder cavity.

Furthermore, a fast oil path and a slow oil path are arranged between an upper oil chamber (or called opening) and a lower oil chamber (or called lower chamber) of the buffer and shock absorption oil cylinder, an orifice (or called opening) of the fast oil path in the upper oil chamber is positioned at the top of the side wall of the upper oil chamber and is lower than the upper limit position (upper limit position in the stroke of the oil cylinder piston) of the upper edge (upper surface or top end of outer circle) of the oil cylinder piston, an orifice of the fast oil path in the lower oil chamber is positioned at the bottom of the side wall of the lower oil chamber and is higher than the lower limit position (lower limit position in the stroke of the oil cylinder piston) of the lower edge (lower surface or bottom end of outer circle) of the oil cylinder piston, an orifice of the slow oil path in the upper oil chamber is positioned at the top of the side wall of the upper oil chamber and is higher than the orifice of the fast oil path in the upper oil chamber, and an orifice of the slow oil path in the lower oil chamber is positioned at the bottom of the side wall of the lower oil chamber and is lower than the orifice of the fast oil chamber in the lower oil chamber.

The flow velocity (flow rate, equivalent to unit time flow) of the slow oil path is significantly less than that of the fast oil path, or the flow resistance (or commonly called resistance) of the slow oil path is significantly greater than that of the fast oil path.

Further, the slow oil path comprises a slow main path and two speed-regulating slow branch paths for respectively communicating two ends of the slow main path with the corresponding side oil cavities, and the slow main path is provided with an on-off valve.

Preferably, the on-off valve on the slow main path is a plunger valve which adopts liquid pressure to control the on-off state of the plunger valve, and the control end of the plunger valve is provided with an oil pipe joint for connecting an oil path for control.

Furthermore, a speed regulating valve for regulating flow rate/flow resistance is arranged on the speed regulating slow branch.

Preferably, the slow oil path is provided with a one-way slow branch parallel to the speed-regulating slow branch, the one-way slow branch is provided with a one-way valve, and the one-way valve is a one-way valve allowing the flow from the slow main path to the corresponding slow branch.

The composite grinding machine comprises a grinding machine main body, wherein the grinding machine main body is provided with a working table top and a grinding wheel frame, and is also provided with a grinding wheel finishing device, the working table top is provided with a headstock and a center frame for arranging workpieces, one or more grinding wheels are arranged on the grinding wheel frame, and the grinding wheel finishing device is arranged on the rear side (the side far away from an operator) of the grinding machine main body by adopting any multi-grinding wheel finishing device disclosed by the invention.

Preferably, the number of the diamond pens on the multi-grinding-wheel dressing device is equal to the number of the grinding wheels on the grinding carriage, and when the number of the grinding wheels/diamond pens is multiple, each diamond pen is used for dressing each grinding wheel.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the double-cylinder mechanism linked by the cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder is adopted, the advantages of high pneumatic speed, high speed change flexibility and high hydraulic buffering and damping rigidity are combined together, the starting acceleration and the running speed are high, the tail end buffering time and distance are short, the defects of low moving rigidity and insufficient static rigidity caused by gas compressibility under the condition of only adopting a pneumatic execution element are avoided or alleviated, the defects of easy oil leakage, difficult fault finding and complex sealing element replacement operation under the condition of adopting the hydraulic cylinder as the execution element are avoided or alleviated, the running cost and the maintenance cost are low, and the double-cylinder mechanism can be better suitable for the severe working environment of a composite grinding machine. In addition, the arrangement of a plurality of diamond pens with different characteristics is suitable for trimming of each grinding wheel in a compound grinding machine simultaneously using three grinding wheels (an outer circle grinding wheel, an outer circle end face grinding wheel and an inner hole grinding wheel). Through adopting reasonable overall arrangement, the grinding wheel dressing device can not occupy the work area at the normal work (grinding and corresponding unloading) in-process of grinding machine, does not hinder the manipulator unloading of going up, and the operation workman stands in lathe qianmen department, avoids work piece and centre frame, can see the maintenance tool setting process that three kinds of buddha's warrior attendant pens correspond three kinds of emery wheels.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view (cross-sectional X-X view) of a multiple wheel dresser;

FIG. 2 is a top view (Y-Y cross-sectional view) of the multiple wheel dresser;

FIG. 3 is a partial view (Z-Z cross section) of the cushion and dampening cylinder of the trimming apparatus;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of an actuating mechanism for linkage of a cylinder and a cylinder of the dressing apparatus;

FIG. 5 is a pneumatic, hydraulic schematic of the dressing apparatus;

fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the compound grinding machine.

The following are marked in the figure: a: a rack and pinion mechanism; a1: a rack; a2: a gear shaft; a3: a flat bond; a4: a gear; a5: locking the nut; a6: an end cap; a7: a tapered roller bearing; a8: a seal ring; a9: locking the screw; b: a driving cylinder (cylinder for short); b1: a cylinder piston; b2: nuts (cylinder piston nuts); b3: a cylinder piston rod; b4: a gasket; b5: a speed regulating joint; c: a buffer and shock-absorbing oil cylinder (oil cylinder for short); c1: a cylinder piston rod; c2: an oil cylinder end cover; c3: a speed regulating valve sleeve; c4: a spring (on-off valve spring); c5: a plunger of the on-off valve; c6: an oil pipe joint; c7: a set screw; c8: a gasket; c9: a seal ring; c10: a spring (check valve spring); c11: steel balls (check valve balls); c12: oil blocking; c13: a seal ring; c14: a seal ring; c15: a gasket; c16: a nut; c17: adjusting the plunger; d: a diamond pen swing arm mechanism; d1: swinging arms; d2: a set screw; d3: a diamond pen; f: a grinding wheel of a grinding machine; g: a pneumatic drive system; g1: a gas source; g2: a pressure reducing valve; g3: a barometer; g4: a muffler; g5: an electromagnetic directional valve; g6: a one-way speed regulating valve; g7: a cylinder; g8: a cylinder piston rod; h: a hydraulic buffer and damping system; h1: an oil tank; h2: an oil pump; h3: an overflow valve; h4: an oil pressure gauge; h5: an electromagnetic directional valve; h6: a hydraulic control on-off valve; h7: a hydraulic cylinder; h8: a hydraulic cylinder piston rod; h9: a one-way throttle valve; j, a gear rack swing system; j1: a gear; j2: a rack; j3: swinging arms; k1: a work table; k2: headrests (headrests); k3: a workpiece; k4: a center frame; k5: a dressing device (multi-grinding wheel dressing device); k6: a grinding carriage.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1-6, the multi-grinding wheel dressing device is suitable for compound grinding machines and other occasions, and mainly comprises: the device comprises a gear rack mechanism A, a driving air cylinder B, a buffering and damping oil cylinder C, a diamond pen swing arm mechanism D and a pneumatic and hydraulic control valve group E.

The gear rack mechanism A mainly comprises a rack A1, a gear shaft A2, a flat key A3, a gear A4, a locking nut A5, an end cover A6, a tapered roller bearing A7, a sealing ring A8 and a locking screw A9. The gear rack A1 and the gear A4 are meshed with each other and installed in a base, a vertical through hole used for containing rack movement and a transverse hole used for containing the gear and gear shaft movement are formed in the base, the shaft of the gear A4 is a gear shaft A2 and is rotatably installed in the transverse through hole of the base through tapered roller bearings A7 located on two sides of the gear A4, the gear A4 is sleeved on the gear shaft A2, a flat key A3 is arranged between the gear shaft A2 and the gear shaft A3 and used for transmitting torque and prohibiting relative rotation of the gear shaft A2 and one end of the gear shaft A2 extends out of the transverse through hole and is connected with the inner end of a swing arm D1 of a diamond pen swing arm mechanism D through a connecting piece (such as a clamping sleeve or a clamping hoop), a locking screw A9 is arranged on the connecting piece and used for locking connection between the connecting piece and the swing arm, therefore when the gear A4 rotates, the swing arm D1 is driven to swing through the gear shaft A2, an end cover A6 is arranged at the other end of the transverse through hole of the base, the end cover A6 covers the end of the swing arm, one end of the gear shaft which is not connected with the swing arm, and the gear shaft, and two ends of the gear shaft A8 are sealed by sealing rings, and the end covers A8 through sealing rings at two ends of the end cover.

The driving cylinder B mainly includes: the cylinder piston B1, the nut B2, the cylinder piston rod B3, the gasket B4 and the speed regulation joint B5, the upper end of the cylinder body is open, and the cylinder piston B1 is hermetically connected to the lower surface of the base, so that the base can be regarded as a cylinder cover and is commonly enclosed with the cylinder body (or the main body part of the cylinder body) to form a cylinder cavity (a cavity in the cylinder body), the cylinder piston B1 is arranged in the cylinder cavity and divides the cylinder cavity into an upper cavity (a rod cavity) and a lower cavity (a rodless cavity), the cylinder piston rod B3 is fixedly connected with the cylinder piston through the nut B2, the gasket B4 is arranged between the nut B2 and the cylinder piston, the upper end of the cylinder piston is coaxially connected with the rack A1 into a whole, so that a vertical through hole in the base can be regarded as a piston rod hole in the cylinder cover, the two speed regulation joints B5 are respectively arranged on the cylinder body and the base, a speed regulation joint arranged on the cylinder body and a rodless cavity through hole in the cylinder rodless cavity (the inner end is opened on the bottom surface of the rodless cavity), and a corresponding rod inlet rod cavity is formed in the bottom surface of the cylinder and the corresponding speed regulation joint.

The buffer and shock-absorbing oil cylinder C mainly comprises: the oil cylinder comprises an oil cylinder piston rod C1, an oil cylinder end cover C2, a speed regulating valve sleeve C3, a spring C4, an on-off valve plunger C5, an oil pipe joint (control oil pipe joint) C6, a positioning screw C7, a gasket C8, a sealing ring C9, a one-way valve spring C10, a one-way valve steel ball C11, an oil plug C12, a sealing ring C13, a sealing ring C14, a gasket C15, a nut C16 and an adjusting plunger C17. The oil cylinder body is arranged according to the conventional method and comprises an oil cylinder body (or a main body part of the oil cylinder body) and an oil cylinder cover C2 covering an upper port of the main body part of the oil cylinder body, an oil cylinder piston is arranged in a cavity of an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder cavity is divided into an upper cavity (a rodless cavity) and a lower cavity (a rod cavity), a piston rod hole is formed in the bottom surface of the oil cylinder body, an oil cylinder piston rod C1 is fixedly connected with the oil cylinder piston and extends downwards to penetrate through the piston rod hole in the oil cylinder body, the lower end of the oil cylinder piston is located in a vertical through hole of a base and is coaxially connected with a rack A1, and therefore when the air cylinder piston rod moves upwards (or downwards), a synchronous driving rack and the oil cylinder piston rod move upwards (or downwards), the rack drives a gear to rotate in the corresponding direction, and further drives a swing arm to swing in the corresponding direction through a gear shaft.

The oil cylinder is provided with an oil inlet and outlet channel according to a conventional mode to connect an external oil circulation system, and the oil inlet and outlet channels of the two oil cavities can be connected, so that when the oil cylinder piston moves, oil flows from one cavity to the other cavity through the mutually connected oil inlet and outlet channels, or the oil inlet and outlet channels adopt the combination of the two modes, the oil inlet and outlet channels are used as fast oil channels (the oil inlet and outlet flow speed during normal work is obviously higher than that of the slow oil channel), the openings of the fast oil channels for communicating the upper cavity and the lower cavity are respectively arranged on the side walls of the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and the fast oil channels are completely shielded by the oil cylinder piston when the oil cylinder piston is close to the top end of the upper cavity or the bottom end of the lower cavity.

The oil cylinder is also provided with a slow oil path for communicating the upper cavity with the lower cavity, the slow oil path comprises a slow main path arranged in the oil cylinder body, an on-off valve is arranged on the slow main path, an on-off valve plunger C5 used as an opening and closing piece and an on-off valve spring C4 located on the inner side of the on-off valve plunger C5 are arranged in a valve cavity of the on-off valve, an oil pipe connector C6 used for controlling the on-off valve to act is installed at the outer end of the on-off valve cavity, the oil pipe connector C6 is connected with the oil path, when the oil pressure is larger than a certain value, pressure oil pushes the on-off valve plunger inwards, the on-off valve is opened, and when the oil pressure is smaller than a certain value (for example, zero pressure), the on-off valve spring pushes the on-off valve plunger outwards, the on-off valve is closed, and the slow main path is cut off.

The upper end and the lower end of the slow main path are respectively communicated with an upper cavity and a lower cavity of the oil cylinder through corresponding slow branches, the slow branch which is communicated with any cavity (any cavity in the upper cavity and the lower cavity) is divided into two paths, the two paths comprise a speed regulating branch provided with a speed regulating valve and a one-way branch provided with a one-way valve, the speed regulating valve is provided with a speed regulating valve sleeve C3 and a regulating plunger C17, the opening or flow of the speed regulating valve is regulated by regulating the insertion depth of the regulating plunger C17 in the speed regulating valve sleeve, the one-way valve only allows the flow from the slow main path to the one-way valve branch, the speed regulating valve comprises a steel ball (steel ball of the one-way valve) C11 and a spring (spring of the one-way valve) C12, the spring C12 is a pre-compression spring, the steel ball C11 is pushed to a one-way valve seat (comprising an annular end face/step which plays a role of a valve seat on a medium channel), the medium pressure from the branch side of the one-way valve is applied to the steel ball C11, the steel ball C11 can be pressed on the valve seat with a larger pressure to cut off medium flow, and the medium flow from the valve seat is pushed to flow away from the valve seat after the medium pressure from the slow main path reaches a certain degree. According to the prior art, part of the branch can be arranged on the speed regulating valve sleeve, or the branch is allowed to pass through the speed regulating valve sleeve, so that the arrangement of the parts is reasonably arranged.

The speed regulating branch and the one-way branch can be respectively provided with respective openings in corresponding oil cavities (the upper cavity or the lower cavity of the oil cylinder), the opening heights (or axial positions) of the speed regulating branch and the one-way branch communicated with the same oil cavity in the corresponding oil cavities are the same, and the speed regulating branch and the one-way branch communicated with the same oil cavity in the corresponding oil cavity (the upper cavity or the lower cavity of the oil cylinder) can share the same opening.

Generally, the openings (independent openings or shared openings) of the speed regulation branch and the one-way branch in the corresponding oil chamber (the upper chamber or the lower chamber of the oil cylinder) are arranged on the side wall of the corresponding oil chamber, and the opening of the speed regulation branch and the one-way branch communicating the upper chamber on the side wall of the upper chamber is located axially above the opening of the fast oil path on the side wall of the upper chamber, and preferably at a distance from the top of the upper chamber, and the opening of the speed regulation branch and the one-way branch communicating the lower chamber on the side wall of the lower chamber is located below the opening of the fast oil path on the side wall of the lower chamber, and preferably at a distance from the bottom of the lower chamber. Therefore, when the piston of the oil cylinder moves upwards to cover the opening of the fast oil path on the side wall of the upper cavity and not cover the opening of the slow branch (the speed regulation branch and the one-way branch) on the side wall of the upper cavity, the oil in the upper cavity can only flow out through the slow branch and further flows into the lower cavity through the slow oil path; when the piston of the oil cylinder moves downwards to cover the opening of the fast oil path on the side wall of the lower cavity and not cover the opening of the slow branch (the speed regulating branch and the one-way branch) on the side wall of the lower cavity, the oil in the lower cavity can only flow out through the slow branch and further flows into the upper cavity through the slow oil path.

The basic flow speed/resistance of the slow oil way can be determined by the pipe diameter setting and/or the oil saving structure on the slow oil way, and the basic flow speed/resistance can be further adjusted by the speed regulating valve according to actual needs.

According to the prior art, the proper positions of the speed regulating valve are provided with sealing rings C9, C13 and C14 and gaskets C8 and C15, the head end of the speed regulating valve sleeve can be screwed with a nut C16, and the tail end of the speed regulating valve sleeve can be screwed with a positioning screw C7, so that the speed regulating valve is fixed.

For the openings of the oil passages which are not needed and are formed by the machining process, the oil passages can be blocked by adopting an oil block C12.

Diamond pen swing arm mechanism D mainly includes: swing arm D1, holding screw D2 and buddha's warrior attendant pen D3, swing arm D1's inner fixed connection is at the corresponding side axle head of gear shaft A2, the outer end of swing arm is equipped with buddha's warrior attendant pen stand (buddha's warrior attendant pen mount pad), corresponding spliced eye on the corresponding inserted hole of buddha's warrior attendant pen stand is inserted to buddha's warrior attendant pen D3's the inner, and fix through holding screw D2, to the composite grinding machine that is equipped with three emery wheel, the quantity of buddha's warrior attendant pen also should be three usually, in order to be adapted to the requirement of repairing of different emery wheels respectively.

Such a multiple-grinding-wheel dressing device can be operated in the following manner (taking the upward movement of the cylinder piston as an example):

pressure air connects B5 through the speed governing of below, the lower chamber that gets into drive actuating cylinder B, promote cylinder piston B1 upward movement, the air of cylinder epicoele is through the speed governing joint of top and is seen off, cylinder piston B1 promotes rack A1 upward movement, rack on the rack A1 promotes gear shaft A2 anticlockwise rotation, gear shaft A2 drives swing arm D1 anticlockwise rotation/swing, swing arm D1 drives buddha's warrior attendant pen swing arm mechanism D anticlockwise rotation, buddha's warrior attendant pen swing arm mechanism D drives buddha's warrior attendant pen D3 anticlockwise rotation, buddha's warrior attendant pen D3 anticlockwise rotation drives actuating cylinder B to stop to the control behind the horizontal position. In this state, the grinding wheel F rotating downward at a high speed contacts the diamond pen D3 by the transverse and longitudinal feed motion of the grinding machine itself, and the dressing action is realized.

In the process that the air cylinder piston moves upwards, the rack A1 also pushes the oil cylinder piston rod C1 to move upwards, the piston on the oil cylinder piston rod C1 pushes hydraulic oil in the buffering and damping oil cylinder C to flow to a lower oil cavity (lower cavity) from an upper oil cavity (upper cavity), and when the oil cylinder piston is in a large range with a certain distance from the top surface and the bottom surface of the oil cylinder, the upper oil cavity and the lower oil cavity are communicated by a fast oil way and a slow oil way simultaneously. When the piston on the piston rod C1 of the oil cylinder moves upwards to a position 4mm away from the upper limit position, the piston blocks the opening of the quick oil way on the side wall of the upper oil cavity, the quick oil way is closed, and the hydraulic oil in the upper oil cavity can only flow to the lower oil cavity through the slow oil way, so that the buffer movement is realized. When the diamond pen D3 reaches the horizontal position, 0.1MPa of hydraulic oil introduced into the oil pipe joint C6 is switched to 0MPa by a hydraulic electromagnetic directional valve of an on-off valve control oil way, the spring C4 pushes the on-off valve plunger C5 leftwards to cut off the oil way of the upper oil cavity and the lower oil cavity, the oil cylinder piston rod C1 is hydraulically locked, the static rigidity of the diamond pen D3 is enhanced, and the damping function can be realized.

In the gear rack mechanism A, two ends of a gear shaft A2 are supported by two groups of tapered roller bearings A7 to bear radial, axial and combined loads. The gear shaft A2 and the gear A4 are connected through a flat key A3 to transmit torque. Through the meshing movement of the rack A1 and the gear A4, several functions are realized: the diamond pen D3 can be rapidly switched to move in and out (swing motion of the swing arm D1), the main diamond pen D3 is fixed and kept at static rigidity during dressing, and vibration transmitted from a grinding wheel is absorbed to ensure dressing precision.

When the piston of the oil cylinder moves upwards to approach the end point, the piston closes the quick oil way, and hydraulic oil flows from the upper oil cavity to the lower oil cavity and can only pass through the slow oil way. When the hydraulic oil flows to the corresponding check valve steel ball C11 through the corresponding branch communicated with the upper oil cavity, the check valve steel ball C11 closes the oil circuit under the action of the check valve spring C10, the direction of the oil pressure is consistent with the acting force of the check valve spring, and the check valve is not opened. When the hydraulic oil flows to the regulating plunger C17 through the corresponding branch communicated with the upper oil cavity, the size of the valve opening on the speed regulating valve sleeve C3, namely the opening of the speed regulating valve, can be correspondingly changed by regulating the depth of the regulating plunger C17 entering the speed regulating valve sleeve C3, so that the flow speed (flow rate in unit time) flowing from the upper cavity to the lower cavity is changed. Then, when the hydraulic oil enters the branch communicated with the lower oil cavity downwards and passes through the corresponding one-way valve steel ball C11, the thrust of the corresponding one-way valve spring C10 is overcome, the steel ball C11 is pushed open, and the hydraulic oil flows into the lower oil cavity. Thus, the buffering action of the upward movement of the cylinder piston rod C1 to the final point is completed.

After the buffering action is finished, the oil cylinder piston rod C1 moves upwards to the end point, at the moment, the piston of the oil cylinder piston rod C1 closes the fast oil way, the electromagnetic directional valve controlling the working state of the on-off valve switches the pressure of hydraulic oil connected into the on-off valve from 0.1MPa to 0MPa, and the on-off valve plunger C5 closes the main path of the slow oil way. Therefore, all oil ways of the oil cylinder are closed, the piston rod C1 of the oil cylinder is locked, and the damping function of the damping oil cylinder C is achieved.

The multi-grinding-wheel dressing device meets the following high-performance requirements of the composite grinding machine on the grinding wheel dressing device: (a) fast smooth feed; (b) sudden stop; and (c) has vibration damping and static rigidity. The invention makes up for the shortages by the working mode of linkage of the cylinder and the oil cylinder, makes up for the defect of compressibility of the pressure air by utilizing the advantage of incompressibility of the hydraulic oil, realizes the functional requirements of quick switching, vibration reduction, no leakage and the like of a plurality of grinding wheels, and simultaneously makes up for the defects of easy oil leakage and easy blockage of the hydraulic cylinder drive by utilizing the pollution-free property of the pressure air by using the cylinder as the drive.

Drive actuating cylinder B and buffering and shock-absorbing cylinder C linkage, adopt upper and lower overall arrangement, buffering and shock-absorbing cylinder C are last, are convenient for set up the air release hole, drive actuating cylinder B under, can improve cylinder load rate and motion stability. In order to ensure smooth linkage operation, the concentricity of the oil cylinder C and the oil cylinder B is 0.01mm, the stroke of the oil cylinder C is 10mm larger than that of the oil cylinder B, and an opening (orifice) of a slow oil way is ensured not to be closed by a piston on an oil cylinder piston rod C1. During the final assembly, cylinder piston rod B3 and hydro-cylinder piston rod C1 are as an organic whole through threaded connection, and the spanner inserts the spanner hole of hydro-cylinder piston rod C1 upper end and screws up, guarantees like this that cylinder piston rod B3 and drive actuating cylinder B, hydro-cylinder piston rod C1 and two sets of combinations of buffering and shock-absorbing cylinder C are not strong, do not creep.

The cylinder is a driving cylinder and provides power; the oil cylinder is a slave cylinder and provides damping vibration attenuation and controls the buffering speed. Through the switching of a pneumatic electromagnetic valve of an air path of the air cylinder, the air cylinder piston B1 is driven by pressure air to move up and down, the whole speed is controlled by a speed regulating joint B5 (except for a buffering stage), meanwhile, an oil cylinder piston rod C1 linked with the air cylinder piston rod C1 moves up and down and pushes hydraulic oil to flow between an upper oil cavity and a lower oil cavity, an adjusting plunger C17 is used for controlling the buffering flow rate of the hydraulic oil, the speed of the oil cylinder piston rod C1 is also influenced by the hydraulic oil, the speed of the air cylinder piston B1 is finally influenced, and buffering is realized under the condition that only a slow oil path is opened.

In view of the process, the connection mode also simplifies the processing difficulty and the assembly difficulty of related parts, and facilitates the future maintenance and replacement of vulnerable parts. Through directly connecting, the actions of the cylinder B and the oil cylinder C are rapidly transmitted mutually, the buffering and damping effects are obvious, and the delay and retardation are avoided.

The linkage control of the cylinder and the oil cylinder can be implemented by adopting the appropriate prior art. Fig. 5 shows a preferred linkage control mode employed by the present invention. In order to avoid loss of generality, fig. 5 adopts a numbering scheme independent of other figures, and the corresponding relation between related parts (numbers) when the linkage control system shown in fig. 5 is applied to the multi-grinding-wheel dressing device can be established according to the characteristics, functions, purposes, names and the like of the parts/structures/devices.

The cylinder hydraulic cylinder coordinated control system includes: the device comprises a pneumatic driving system G, a hydraulic buffering and vibration damping system H and a gear rack swing system J. Wherein, pneumatic drive system G includes: the device comprises an air source G1, a pressure reducing valve G2, a barometer G3, a silencer G4, an electromagnetic directional valve G5, a one-way speed regulating valve G6, an air cylinder G7 and an air cylinder piston rod G8; the hydraulic damping and shock absorption system H comprises: the hydraulic control system comprises an oil tank H1, an oil pump H2, an overflow valve H3, an oil pressure gauge H4, an electromagnetic directional valve H5, a hydraulic control on-off valve H6, a hydraulic cylinder H7, a hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8 and a one-way throttle valve H9; the rack and pinion oscillating system J includes: gear J1, rack J2 and swing arm J3. The connection relationship of the respective elements/devices and the like and the product configuration and the like are shown in fig. 5.

In the trimming device, three parts, namely an air cylinder piston rod G8, a hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8 and a rack J2, are connected into a whole and move synchronously, an electromagnetic directional valve G5 is used for switching and controlling air inflow, compressed air pushes the air cylinder piston rod G8 to move up and down, the movement speed of the air cylinder piston rod G8 can be controlled by adjusting a one-way speed regulating valve G6, the hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8 pushes hydraulic oil to flow along with the synchronous movement, when the hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8 is close to a stroke end point, a quick oil way is closed, then the hydraulic oil can only flow from a slow oil way, a one-way throttle valve H9 controls the flow speed of the hydraulic oil, a buffering action is performed in the process, after the hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8 reaches the stroke end point, the electromagnetic directional valve H5 is switched to reduce the oil pressure in the slow oil way from 0.1MPa to 0MPa, then a hydraulic control on-off valve H6 is closed, the hydraulic oil on two sides of a piston connected with the hydraulic cylinder piston rod H8 is locked, and the damping function is realized.

The compound grinding machine is provided with a workbench K1, a headstock K2, a center frame K4, a correcting device K5 and a grinding wheel frame K6, wherein a workpiece K3 is arranged on the headstock K2 and the center frame K4, and a plurality of grinding wheels, for example, three grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3, are arranged on the grinding wheel frame K6.

The diamond pen D3 is driven by the swing arm to be capable of being quickly switched to a dressing position or retracting, in the process of alternately dressing multiple grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 of the compound grinding machine, the grinding wheel frame rotates and the dresser swings without interference, and quick feed of the grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 is achieved, the grinding wheel frame K6 transversely feeds away from the diamond pen D3 first, then longitudinally feeds away from the dressing device D, and then rotates to switch the positions of the three grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 so as to align the directions of the dressing device D respectively, and the diamond pen D dressing tool is convenient for observation of workers during grinding, and whether the grinding wheels F and the diamond pen D3 are in contact or not can be seen from the front of a workpiece K3 and a center frame K4 by operators, so that the working efficiency is improved, the labor intensity is reduced, and the dressing of the three grinding wheels during grinding and machining is completed under the condition that the workpiece is clamped once and not detached.

The three grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 arranged on the composite grinding machine can be respectively an excircle grinding wheel, an excircle end face grinding wheel and an inner hole grinding wheel, and are respectively used for grinding the excircle, the excircle end face and the inner hole of the workpiece.

The multi-grinding wheel dressing device of the invention also has the following characteristics:

1) The method is suitable for multi-grinding-wheel dressing of the composite grinding machine: the composite grinding machine is simultaneously provided with 3 grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3, 3 positions (excircle, end face and inner hole) of a workpiece K3 (such as a milling machine main shaft) are respectively processed, and the multi-grinding-wheel dressing device can dress the three grinding wheels or even more grinding wheels.

2) The grinding wheel dressing device does not need to be arranged on a working table of a machine tool, and due to the layout of a compound grinding machine and other similar machine tools and the clamping mode of workpieces, if the grinding wheel dressing device is arranged on the working table where a headstock and a center frame/a tailstock are located, the arrangement or the action of a machining mechanism or the workpieces of the machine tool is hindered. Under the layout form of the composite grinding machine, an operator stands at the front door of the machine tool and avoids a workpiece and a center frame, so that the finishing and tool setting processes of three diamond pens corresponding to three grinding wheels can be seen. The dresser seat body is small in size and convenient to observe, interference among three kinds of diamond pens is avoided, and the requirement that interference does not exist when three kinds of grinding wheels are fed is met.

3) Because the overall dimension, the grinding allowance, the dressing position and the dressing frequency of three grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 of the compound grinding machine are different, the multi-grinding-wheel dressing device drives the rack A1 to drive the gear shaft A2 to swing 90 degrees through the cylinder by configuring a plurality of corresponding different diamond pens, three diamond pens D3 on the swing arm are sent to the dressing position, the grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 are dressed, the dressing requirements of the grinding wheels are effectively met, the service life is prolonged, and the tool setting time is shortened. The dressing device can send three dressing diamond pens D3 to the dressing position, so that the three grinding wheels F1, F2 and F3 can contact the diamond pens in the process of dressing the maximum size to the minimum size; three kinds of diamond pens can be switched rapidly, and meanwhile, the static rigidity during finishing is guaranteed; the composite grinding machine can be suitable for being used in the severe machining environment of the composite grinding machine, and the service life and the reliability are ensured. Because the grinding wheel has different overall dimensions, rotation speeds, abrasive types (grain size, hardness, porosity, bond) and dressing feed, each diamond pen has different shank dimensions (e.g., 8, 10, and 12), diamond grain size and number (e.g., single point, blade), and diamond mounting angles (e.g., pitch or side-to-side tilt 0 °, 5 °, or 45 °).

4) A set of hydraulic buffer/oil cylinder is arranged to be linked with a cylinder piston rod, so that the swing arm is not impacted at the tail end of a stroke, and after the D trimming device reaches a trimming position, the buffer and damping oil cylinder C is switched to a damping function from a hydraulic buffer function, so that the fixed rigidity of the swing arm is enhanced, and the vibration transmitted by external force during trimming is absorbed. Compared with the existing hydraulic buffer, the buffer mode avoids the impact of the buffer and the execution element when in contact; the buffer speed is adjusted by stepless speed regulation, so that the defect that the buffer action is not smooth under sectional speed regulation is avoided; when the swing arm is in a static state of finishing work, the hydraulic buffer oil cylinder is converted into a hydraulic vibration damping oil cylinder, so that the static rigidity of the dresser is enhanced.

5) The starting acceleration and the running speed are high, the end buffering time and distance are short, and seamless connection is realized. The advantages of high pneumatic speed, high speed-changing flexibility and high hydraulic buffering and damping rigidity are combined together, meanwhile, the problem that the pneumatic actuating element has low movement rigidity due to gas compressibility is avoided, and the defects that the hydraulic actuating element is easy to leak oil, faults are not easy to find, and sealing elements are not easy to replace and the operation is complex are avoided.

6) The operation cost and the maintenance cost are low.

7) Can operate in this kind of abominable operational environment of compound grinding machine, cylinder piston rod A1 and hydro-cylinder piston rod C1 do not all expose in the water smoke of grinding machine and the abominable environment of grinding dust, only gear shaft A2 has the portion of exposing, through set up rotary seal ring A8 at the port department, and be equipped with the pneumatic sealing protection of malleation, can avoid among the common hydro-cylinder of prior art oil cylinder oil reveal the cavity of gear shaft, finally reveal the phenomenon of going out from the axle head of gear shaft. The positive pressure pneumatic sealing protection is automatically realized, a special device is not required to be arranged, and pressure air enters an internal closed space of the gear rack mechanism A from the speed regulating joint B5, reaches the sealing ring A8 through a gap between the parts such as the rack A1 and the gear shaft A2 and forms positive pressure inside.

The technical means disclosed by the invention can be combined arbitrarily to form a plurality of different technical schemes except for special description and the further limitation that one technical means is another technical means.

Claims (10)

1. The multi-grinding-wheel dressing device is suitable for a composite grinding machine and is characterized by being provided with a driving air cylinder, a gear rack mechanism, a buffering and damping oil cylinder and a diamond pen swing arm mechanism, wherein the driving air cylinder, the gear rack mechanism and the buffering and damping oil cylinder are sequentially distributed from bottom to top, an air cylinder piston rod of the driving air cylinder, a rack of the gear rack mechanism and an oil cylinder piston rod of the buffering and damping oil cylinder are vertically arranged and sequentially and coaxially connected together, the swing arm side shaft end of a gear shaft of the gear rack mechanism is fixedly connected with the inner end of a swing arm of the diamond swing arm mechanism, the extension direction of the swing arm is perpendicular to the extension direction of the gear shaft, a diamond pen holder is arranged at the outer end of the swing arm, one or more diamond pens are mounted on the diamond pen holder, and the diamond pens are different.

2. The multiple-grinding wheel dressing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said rack-and-pinion mechanism is provided with a base, said base being provided with a vertical through-hole and a horizontal through-hole which intersect in said base, the rack being provided in said vertical through-hole, the pinion shaft being provided in said horizontal through-hole, and said base being rotatably mounted by means of two bearings respectively located on both sides of said pinion.

3. The multiple-grinding-wheel dressing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an end cap is provided on the non-swing-arm side opening of said transverse through hole to cover the opening, and a seal ring is provided between the swing-arm side opening of said transverse through hole and the gear shaft.

4. The multi-grinding-wheel dressing device according to claim 2, wherein the upper end of the cylinder body of the driving cylinder is open, and the cylinder body is fixedly and hermetically connected to the bottom surface of the base of the rack-and-pinion mechanism, so that the base is the cylinder cover of the driving cylinder and encloses the cavity of the driving cylinder together with the cylinder body, the speed-adjusting joints for the air inlet and outlet connections of the upper cylinder cavity and the lower cylinder cavity are respectively installed on the side surface of the base and the side surface of the cylinder body, the base is provided with an upper cylinder cavity vent hole for communicating the upper cylinder cavity and the corresponding speed-adjusting joint, the cylinder body is provided with a lower cylinder cavity vent hole for communicating the lower cylinder cavity and the corresponding speed-adjusting joint, the inner end orifice of the upper cylinder cavity vent hole is located on the top surface of the upper cylinder cavity, and the inner end orifice of the lower cylinder cavity vent hole is located on the bottom surface of the lower cylinder cavity.

5. The multi-wheel truing device of any one of claims 1-4, wherein a fast oil passage and a slow oil passage are provided between the upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber of the cushion and shock absorbing cylinder, the fast oil passage having an orifice in the upper oil chamber located at the top of the side wall of the upper oil chamber below the upper limit position of the upper edge of the cylinder piston, the fast oil passage having an orifice in the lower oil chamber located at the bottom of the side wall of the lower oil chamber above the lower limit position of the lower edge of the cylinder piston, the slow oil passage having an orifice in the upper oil chamber located at the top of the side wall of the upper oil chamber above the orifice of the fast oil passage in the upper oil chamber, the slow oil passage having an orifice in the lower oil chamber located at the bottom of the side wall of the lower oil chamber below the orifice of the fast oil passage in the lower oil chamber.

6. The apparatus for dressing a plurality of grinding wheels according to claim 5, wherein said slow oil path comprises a main slow path and two slow speed governing branches for respectively communicating both ends of the main slow path with the respective side oil chambers, said main slow path being provided with an on-off valve.

7. The multi-grinding-wheel dressing device according to claim 6, wherein the on-off valve on the slow main path is a plunger valve whose on-off state is controlled by hydraulic pressure, and the control end of the plunger valve is provided with an oil pipe joint for connecting with an oil path for control.

8. The multiple-grinding-wheel dressing apparatus of claim 6, wherein said speed-regulating slow branch is provided with a speed-regulating valve for flow/resistance regulation.

9. The multiple-grinding-wheel dressing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said slow oil passage is provided with a unidirectional slow branch in parallel with said speed-adjusting slow branch, said unidirectional slow branch being provided with a check valve, said check valve being a check valve allowing a flow from the slow main path to the corresponding slow branch.

10. The compound grinding machine comprises a grinding machine body, wherein the grinding machine body is provided with a working table top and a grinding wheel frame, the working table top is provided with a headstock and a center frame for arranging a workpiece, one or more grinding wheels are arranged on the grinding wheel frame, and the compound grinding machine is characterized by further comprising a grinding wheel finishing device, and the grinding wheel finishing device is arranged on the rear side of the grinding machine body by adopting the multi-grinding-wheel finishing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images