CN115945186A - Preparation of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material and application of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material in microwave-assisted catalysis of glucose isomerization - Google Patents

Preparation of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material and application of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material in microwave-assisted catalysis of glucose isomerization Download PDF

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CN115945186A
CN115945186A CN202211225339.2A CN202211225339A CN115945186A CN 115945186 A CN115945186 A CN 115945186A CN 202211225339 A CN202211225339 A CN 202211225339A CN 115945186 A CN115945186 A CN 115945186A
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lignin
mesoporous carbon
composite material
magnesium oxide
based mesoporous
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潘晖
王帅
郭达意
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material and application of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material in microwave-assisted catalysis of glucose isomerization. The lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material prepared by using alkali lignin as a carbon source, potassium chloride as a salt template and magnesium nitrate as a catalytic active site precursor has excellent structural characteristics such as a hierarchical porous structure, a high specific surface area, rich oxygen-containing functional groups and uniformly distributed magnesium oxide nanoparticles. In addition, the composite material is easy to recover, does not corrode equipment, is used as an environment-friendly solid base catalyst, can efficiently realize the isomerization of glucose in a short time by microwave assistance in an aqueous solution to prepare fructose, and has excellent catalytic performance. The novel heterogeneous solid base catalytic reaction system disclosed by the invention realizes the aim of preparing fructose by catalyzing glucose isomerization in an environment-friendly and efficient manner, and has a wide application prospect in the field of preparing high value-added chemicals from biomass.

Description

Preparation of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material and application of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material in microwave-assisted catalysis of glucose isomerization
Technical Field
The invention relates to preparation and application of a carbon-based solid base catalyst, in particular to preparation of a lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material and application of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material in preparation of fructose by microwave-assisted catalysis of glucose isomerization in an aqueous solution.
Background
As the biomass resource is the only carbon-containing renewable energy on the earth, people pay more and more attention to the biomass resource for synthesizing sustainable chemicals and biofuels instead of the traditional fossil resource due to the advantages of abundant reserves, wide distribution, high cost benefit, environmental friendliness and the like. Glucose, one of the main monomers of lignocellulosic biomass, can be converted into a high value-added industrial intermediate chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural through a series of steps: (1) isomerization of glucose to fructose; and (2) dehydrating the fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Among other things, isomerization of glucose to fructose serves as a rate limiting step, limiting the efficiency of conversion of glucose to value-added chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop an efficient and sustainable isomerization catalyst.
Generally, isomerization of glucose to fructose is mainly achieved by two pathways, enzymatic and chemical catalysis. The enzyme catalysis (such as glucose isomerase) has the advantages of high selectivity, mild conditions and the like, and is widely applied to industrial production of fructose, but has the limitations of high cost, low efficiency, non-recycling and the like. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a suitable chemical catalyst for efficiently isomerizing glucose to fructose. The chemical catalysis for preparing fructose by glucose isomerization mainly comprises homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis. Homogeneous catalysts, while effective and having good catalytic performance during the reaction, have poor separability and recyclability that impair their competitiveness. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts have the advantages of being environmentally friendly, cost effective, easy to regenerate and recover, and the like. Therefore, heterogeneous catalysts, including solid base or acid catalysts, are receiving increasing attention.
The isomerization of glucose to fructose may be by a Lewis acid or
Figure SMS_1
Base catalysis. Recently, there have been reports
Figure SMS_2
Base catalysts (e.g., 90 ℃ C. To 120 ℃ C.) can achieve efficient glucose isomerization at lower temperatures than Lewis acid catalysts (e.g., 120 ℃ C. To 160 ℃ C.). In addition, kinetics of glucose isomerizationStudy shows>
Figure SMS_3
The activation energy of the base catalyst system is generally lower than that of the Lewis acid catalyst system. Therefore, the development of a high-performance and low-cost solid base catalyst applied to the reaction of preparing fructose by glucose isomerization is urgently needed.
In recent years, heterogeneous base catalysts containing metal oxides are prepared by impregnating carriers such as zeolite, silica, porous carbon and the like with metal precursors and then calcining the impregnated carriers, and are gradually applied to the reaction of preparing fructose through glucose isomerization. Among various carriers, porous carbon materials are favored because of their adjustable pore structure, high specific surface area, good stability, and other properties. On the basis of synthesizing lignin-based mesoporous carbon, the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material is prepared by subsequent impregnation and calcination and is applied to the reaction of preparing fructose by efficiently catalyzing glucose isomerization in aqueous solution with the assistance of microwave.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the limitations of high cost, low efficiency, non-recycling and the like of the existing enzyme catalysis, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material and application of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material in a reaction for preparing fructose through glucose isomerization.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a certain amount of alkali lignin and potassium chloride, grinding, mixing, carbonizing, washing and drying to prepare the lignin-based mesoporous carbon material.
Step two: and (3) sequentially dipping, drying, carbonizing, washing and drying the lignin-based mesoporous carbon material obtained in the step one and magnesium nitrate to obtain the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material.
The mass ratio of the alkali lignin to the potassium chloride in the step one is 1: 0.25.
The carbonization procedure in the first step is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere, and can be divided into two stages, namely a pre-carbonization stage: heating from room temperature to 300 ℃ according to the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and maintaining for 1h at 300 ℃; and (3) high-temperature carbonization: the temperature is raised from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃ according to the heating rate of 1 ℃/min and maintained at 700 ℃ for 2h.
The drying temperature in the first step is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 12 hours.
The washing process in the first step specifically comprises repeatedly washing with distilled water until no potassium ion can be detected in the filtrate.
And the mass ratio of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon material to the magnesium nitrate in the second step is 1: 0.2.
The dipping solution in the second step is a mixed solution of water and ethanol, the volume ratio is 1: 1, the volume ratio of the mass of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon to the mixed solution is 1 g: 15mL, the dipping temperature is room temperature, the stirring speed is 800rpm, and the dipping time is 12h.
The carbonization procedure in the second step is identical to that in the first step.
And the drying temperature in the second step is 65 ℃, and the drying time is 24 hours.
The invention also provides application of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material in preparation of fructose by microwave-assisted catalytic glucose isomerization in an aqueous solution. The specific process is as follows: 0.5g of glucose, 0.1-0.35 g of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material and 15mL of distilled water are sequentially weighed and added into a 30mL microwave reaction tube, and then the reaction mixture is magnetically stirred at 100-130 ℃ to react for 5-25 min to prepare the fructose.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material prepared by the invention has excellent structural characteristics such as a hierarchical porous structure, a higher specific surface area, abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and uniformly distributed magnesium oxide nanoparticles. In addition, the composite material is easy to recover, has no corrosion to equipment, is green and environment-friendly, has low raw material cost and high catalytic activity, can realize the aim of preparing fructose by green and efficient catalytic isomerization of glucose in a water solution in a short time by microwave assistance, has excellent catalytic performance, and has wide application prospect in the field of preparing high value-added chemicals from biomass.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of a lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2X-ray diffraction pattern of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite obtained in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material obtained in example 1.
FIG. 4A graph of the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and pore size distribution of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite obtained in example 1.
FIG. 5 is a graph of fructose yield versus reaction temperature in example 2.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between fructose yield and reaction time in example 3.
Figure 7 graph of fructose yield versus catalyst loading in example 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and it is understood that these examples are provided solely for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Example 1
2.0g of alkali lignin and 0.5g of potassium chloride were mixed uniformly by grinding, and then a two-stage carbonization process was performed in a tube furnace under an N2 atmosphere. In the pre-carbonization stage, the material is heated from room temperature to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min and kept at 300 ℃ for 1h. In the high-temperature carbonization stage, further heating was carried out from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/min, and then maintained at 700 ℃ for 2 hours. The obtained carbonized product was repeatedly washed with distilled water until no potassium ion was detected in the filtrate, and dried at 105 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare lignin-based mesoporous carbon.
1.0g of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon prepared above and 0.2g of magnesium nitrate were weighed into 15mL of a mixed solution of water and ethanol, magnetically stirred at 800rpm at room temperature for 12 hours, and then dried at 65 ℃ for 24 hours. And finally, carbonizing according to the same carbonization procedure to prepare the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material. As shown in fig. 1, the composite material possesses abundant oxygen-containing functional groups; as shown in fig. 2, the catalytically active component of the composite material was magnesium oxide; as shown in fig. 3, the composite material exhibits an irregular, rough, porous surface structure; as shown in fig. 4, a certain proportion of micropores and mesopores exist in the composite material structure.
Example 2
0.5g of glucose, 0.25g of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material obtained in example 1 and 15mL of distilled water were sequentially weighed and added to a 30mL microwave reaction tube, and then, the reaction mixture was magnetically stirred at 100 ℃ to 130 ℃ for reaction for 5min. After the reaction, the microwave reaction tube was rapidly cooled to room temperature. And finally, detecting the content of the fructose by using a high performance liquid chromatograph, and further calculating to obtain the yield of the fructose. As shown in FIG. 5, the fructose yield was the highest when the reaction temperature was 130 ℃.
Example 3
0.5g of glucose, 0.25g of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material obtained in example 1 and 15mL of distilled water were sequentially weighed and added to a 30mL microwave reaction tube, and then the reaction mixture was reacted at 130 ℃ for 5 to 25min with magnetic stirring. After the reaction, the microwave reaction tube was rapidly cooled to room temperature. And finally, detecting the content of the fructose by using a high performance liquid chromatograph, and further calculating to obtain the yield of the fructose. As shown in FIG. 5, fructose yield was highest when the reaction time was 5min.
Example 4
0.5g of glucose, 0.1 to 0.35g of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material obtained in example 1 and 15mL of distilled water were sequentially weighed and added to a 30mL microwave reaction tube, and then, the reaction mixture was magnetically stirred at 130 ℃ for reaction for 5min. After the reaction, the microwave reaction tube was rapidly cooled to room temperature. And finally, detecting the content of the fructose by using a high performance liquid chromatograph, and further calculating to obtain the yield of the fructose. As shown in FIG. 5, when the amount of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesia composite material added was 0.25g, the catalyst loading was 0.5g -1 The fructose yield is highest.
The composite material has the advantages of easy recovery, no corrosion to equipment, low raw material cost, no pollution to the environment and high catalytic activity, can realize the aim of preparing fructose by catalyzing glucose isomerization in an environment-friendly and efficient manner, and has wide application prospect in the field of preparing high-added-value chemicals from biomass.
Finally, the foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a certain amount of alkali lignin and potassium chloride, grinding, mixing, carbonizing, washing and drying to prepare the lignin-based mesoporous carbon material.
Step two: and (2) sequentially dipping, drying, carbonizing, washing and drying the lignin-based mesoporous carbon material obtained in the step one and magnesium nitrate to obtain the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material.
2. The preparation method of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the alkali lignin to the potassium chloride in the first step is 1: 0.25.
3. The method for preparing lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization procedure in the first step is performed under nitrogen atmosphere, and can be divided into two stages, namely a pre-carbonization stage: heating from room temperature to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and maintaining at 300 ℃ for 1h; and (3) high-temperature carbonization: the temperature is raised from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃ according to the heating rate of 1 ℃/min and maintained at 700 ℃ for 2h.
4. The preparation method of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the first step is 105 ℃ and the drying time is 12h.
5. The method for preparing the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the washing process in the first step specifically comprises repeatedly rinsing with distilled water until no potassium ion is detected in the filtrate.
6. The method for preparing the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon material to the magnesium nitrate in the second step is 1: 0.2.
7. The preparation method of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the impregnation solution in the second step is a mixed solution of water and ethanol, the volume ratio is 1: 1, the volume ratio of the mass of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon to the mixed solution is 1 g: 15mL, the impregnation temperature is room temperature, the stirring rate is 800rpm, and the impregnation time is 12h.
8. The method for preparing the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization procedure in the second step is the same as that in the first step.
9. The preparation method of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the second step is 65 ℃ and the drying time is 24h.
10. The application of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material obtained by the preparation method in preparing fructose by microwave-assisted catalytic glucose isomerization in an aqueous solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that 0.5g of glucose, 0.1-0.35 g of the lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material and 15mL of distilled water are sequentially weighed and added into a 30mL microwave reaction tube, and then the reaction mixture is magnetically stirred at 100-130 ℃ for reaction for 5-25 min to obtain the fructose.
CN202211225339.2A 2022-10-09 2022-10-09 Preparation of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material and application of lignin-based mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composite material in microwave-assisted catalysis of glucose isomerization Pending CN115945186A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117299168A (en) * 2023-08-14 2023-12-29 南开大学 Method for preparing fructose by catalyzing glucose isomerization by utilizing nitrogen-doped carbon/magnesium oxide composite material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117299168A (en) * 2023-08-14 2023-12-29 南开大学 Method for preparing fructose by catalyzing glucose isomerization by utilizing nitrogen-doped carbon/magnesium oxide composite material
CN117299168B (en) * 2023-08-14 2024-06-04 南开大学 Method for preparing fructose by catalyzing glucose isomerization by utilizing nitrogen-doped carbon/magnesium oxide composite material

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