Tender sharp mechanized harvesting device of chinese mugwort grass
Technical Field
The invention relates to a harvesting device, in particular to a mechanical harvesting device for moxa tips.
Background
The fresh moxa is mainly eaten by tender tips of the fresh moxa in China, can be used for making various delicious foods such as a Qingming rice cake, ai Wan, a moxa fried egg, a moxa stewed dog meat and the like, and is a special snack and a dish in the south China.
At present, moxa is artificially planted in places such as Guangdong Meizhou, huizhou, heyuan and the like for fresh eating, harvesting of the moxa is mainly achieved by manually using a sickle, each person can harvest 80-90 jin of fresh moxa leaves at most every day, the efficiency is extremely low, the supply of the fresh moxa market is seriously influenced, and the labor cost for planting the moxa is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mechanical harvesting device for moxa tender tips, which is compact in structure, mechanical and capable of effectively improving harvesting efficiency, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a tender sharp mechanized harvesting device of chinese mugwort, includes and removes the frame, it is equipped with installation crossbeam and lower installation crossbeam to remove the frame front end, the lower installation crossbeam is located the rear below of installation crossbeam.
The upper mounting crossbeam and the lower mounting crossbeam are both provided with cutter assemblies, the distance between the cutter assembly on the upper mounting crossbeam and the ground is 10-20cm, and the distance between the cutter assembly on the lower mounting crossbeam and the ground is 2-5cm; a material arranging rake for stabilizing the convenient cutting of the wormwood is arranged above the cutter component, and a feeding component for conveying the tender tips of the cut wormwood backwards is arranged above the material arranging rake.
Conveying belts are arranged on the movable frame behind the upper mounting cross beam and the lower mounting cross beam, a charging box is arranged below the rear end of the conveying belt above, and a material guide plate with a triangular vertical section is obliquely arranged below the rear end of the conveying belt below; and a protective plate group is arranged around the movable frame.
In the tender sharp mechanized collection device of foretell chinese mugwort, the cutter subassembly includes along length direction equipartition and installs a plurality of rotation axis on last installation crossbeam or the lower installation crossbeam through the bearing, the rotation axis is connected with the rotation driving subassembly.
The rotary cutter is characterized in that a hexagonal mounting hole is formed in the upper end of the rotary shaft, a rotary cutter is connected in the mounting hole through a hexagonal rotating shaft, and blades of the rotary cutter are sickle-shaped and concave blades located at the front end in the rotating direction.
In the above mechanical harvesting device for tender tips of wormwood, the feeding component comprises a roller connected to the upper end of each hexagonal rotating shaft, the rotating shaft of the roller is connected with the rotary driving component, and the rotating speed of the rotary driving component is 100-150 rpm.
Mounting brackets are arranged at two ends of the roller, and a plurality of articulated shafts are uniformly distributed on the mounting brackets along the circumferential direction; each articulated shaft is articulated with an arc rake claw, and the articulated shaft is provided with a torsional spring connected between the arc rake claw and the roller.
The number of the arc-shaped harrow claws is equal to that of blades of the rotary cutter, the direction of the concave surface of each arc-shaped harrow claw is the same as that of the blade of the rotary cutter and is positioned behind the blade of the rotary cutter, and the distance between the concave surface of each arc-shaped harrow claw and the blade of the rotary cutter is 1-3cm; the free end part of the arc-shaped rake claw is positioned on the outer side of the end part of the blade of the rotary cutter.
An inward-bent inner hooking section is integrally formed at the front end of the arc-shaped rake claw, and the included angle alpha of the fan-shaped included angle of the inner hooking section is 60-80 degrees.
In the tender sharp mechanized harvesting device of foretell chinese mugwort, the installing support is including the fixed first mounting panel that sets up at the roller lower extreme, the articulated shaft lower extreme is connected on first mounting panel.
A hexagonal positioning block is arranged at the upper end of the roller, and a second mounting plate corresponding to the first mounting plate is detachably connected to the hexagonal positioning block; and a roller rotating shaft above the second mounting plate is connected with a fixing nut through threads.
In the mechanical harvesting device for the tender tips of the wormwood, the arc-shaped rake claw consists of a plurality of rake fingers, and a shaft sleeve is integrally formed below the hinged end of each rake finger; the axle sleeve hole is interior hexagonal hole, the articulated shaft is outer hexagonal axle and both ends pass through the bearing and are connected with first mounting panel, second mounting panel.
In the mechanical picking device for the tender tips of the wormwood, the material arranging rake comprises a rake tooth mounting plate which is detachably arranged above the rotary cutter, a plurality of rake teeth are formed at the front end of the rake tooth mounting plate, the horizontal section of each rake tooth is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, and the included angle beta between the side edge of each rake tooth and the front end face of the rake tooth mounting plate is 95-110 degrees.
In the mechanical picking device for tender tips of wormwood, the movable frame below the two sides of the rear end of each conveying belt is provided with the L-shaped sliding grooves, and the two ends of the charging box and the material guide plate are respectively provided with the L-shaped flanges corresponding to the sliding grooves.
After the structure is adopted, the tender tips of the wormwood are cut by the cutter assembly positioned on the upper mounting cross beam in the advancing process of the movable frame, and then the tender tips of the wormwood are conveyed to the charging box for collection by the feeding assembly and the conveying belt, so that the whole collection process is automatically carried out, the collection efficiency is effectively improved, and the labor cost is reduced.
Simultaneously, the cutter unit spare that sets up on installation crossbeam down can cut the moxa stem stalk after cutting off tender sharp, and this part moxa can be used as natural dyestuff, preparation moxa etc. can the moxa utilization ratio and then improve and plant the income. Meanwhile, the cut Ai Caojing stalks are guided and conveyed to the field ditches on the two sides by the material guide plate, so that the subsequent packing treatment is facilitated.
Drawings
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which, however, the invention is not restricted.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the moving carriage of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the partial structure at the position a of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the feed assembly and cutter assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the feed assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotary cutter of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the roll of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the arc-shaped harrow plate of this invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the finger of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the rake of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a partial structural view at B of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. moving the frame; 2. a beam is arranged on the upper part; 3. a cross beam is arranged below; 4. a cutter assembly; 4a, a rotating shaft; 4b, mounting holes; 4c, a hexagonal rotating shaft; 4d, rotating the cutter; 5. a material arranging rake; 5a, mounting a rake tooth plate; 5b, rake teeth; 6. a feeding assembly; 6a, a roller; 6b, a hinged shaft; 6c, arc-shaped rake claws; 6d, a torsion spring; 6e, an inner hook section; 6f, grabbing fingers; 6g, shaft sleeve; 7. a conveyor belt; 8. a charging box; 9. a stock guide; 10. a guard plate group; 11. mounting a bracket; 11a, a first mounting plate; 11b, a hexagonal positioning block; 11c, a second mounting plate; 11d, fixing the nut; 12. a chute; 13. and (5) flanging.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-12, the mechanical harvesting device for the tender tips of wormwood comprises a moving vehicle frame 1, and is characterized in that an upper mounting cross beam 2 and a lower mounting cross beam 3 are arranged at the front end of the moving vehicle frame 1, and the lower mounting cross beam 3 is positioned behind and below the upper mounting cross beam 2. The moving frame can be provided with a forward driving device according to actual production conditions or can be pushed to advance manually.
The upper mounting crossbeam 2 and the lower mounting crossbeam 3 are both provided with cutter assemblies 4, the distance between the cutter assembly 4 on the upper mounting crossbeam 2 and the ground is 10-20cm, and the distance between the cutter assembly 4 on the lower mounting crossbeam 3 and the ground is 2-5cm; a material arranging harrow 5 used for stabilizing the convenient cutting of the wormwood is arranged above the cutter component 4, and a feeding component 6 used for conveying the tender tips of the cut wormwood backwards is arranged above the material arranging harrow 5. When the wormwood plants are planted on a large scale for eating, the wormwood plants can be collected when the average height is controlled to be 30-40cm, the tender tips of the wormwood are generally 10-15cm parts of the top ends of the wormwood, the height of the upper mounting beam is set according to the average height of the wormwood in the collection period in actual planting, and the tender tips of the wormwood are positioned above the cutter assembly on the upper mounting beam.
The selection of chinese mugwort grass plant height is through constantly trying the income repeatedly, and when chinese mugwort grass plant height was crossed lowly, the whole softer of chinese mugwort stem, easy lodging is difficult for the automatic harvesting of machine. Too high height of the wormwood plant can increase planting cost and affect eating taste.
The upper mounting cross beam 2 and the lower mounting cross beam 3 are respectively provided with a conveyer belt 7 on the movable frame 1 at the rear part, a charging box 8 is arranged below the rear end of the conveyer belt 7 above, and a material guide plate 9 with a triangular vertical section is obliquely arranged below the rear end of the conveyer belt 7 below. Ai Caojing stalks are cut by a cutter component on the lower mounting cross beam and then are conveyed to the material guide plate, the moving frame vibrates in the advancing process, the wormwood stalks slide backwards on the material guide plate which is obliquely arranged, and the wormwood stalks are conveyed to the field ditches on two sides towards two sides under the guide of the material guide plate, so that the wormwood stalks are convenient to clean subsequently, and an operator can walk conveniently. Of course, according to actual needs, the harvesting device of the present invention can be upgraded to full-automatic harvesting, only the related intelligent self-walking driving device is added, and the specific structure thereof can adopt the prior art scheme in the field, which is not the technical point to be protected by the present invention, and is not described herein again.
A guard plate group 10 is provided around the traveling carriage 1. The protection plate group comprises protection plates coated on two sides of the moving frame and a protection cover detachably arranged on the upper end of the moving frame, and the protection plate group is arranged to form a closed space to cover the cutter assembly, the feeding assembly, the conveying belt and the like, so that the moxa is prevented from being thrown out of the moving frame from two sides during harvesting.
In this embodiment, preferably, the cutter assembly 4 includes a plurality of rotating shafts 4a uniformly distributed along the length direction and mounted on the upper mounting cross beam 2 or the lower mounting cross beam 3 through bearings, and the rotating shafts 4a are connected with a rotation driving assembly.
The upper end of the rotating shaft 4a is provided with a hexagonal mounting hole 4b, a rotary cutter 4d is connected in the mounting hole 4b through a hexagonal rotating shaft 4c, and blades of the rotary cutter 4d are sickle-shaped and concave blades located at the front end in the rotating direction. When carrying out the rotation cutting, the in-process of rotary cutter's blade to the outside is rotated by the inboard, and rotatory centrifugal force that produces can throw off the chinese mugwort grass that downcuts towards the place ahead, adopts the blade of sickle shape to push away the chinese mugwort grass toward direction of rotation when rotatory, reduces the removal of chinese mugwort grass under the cooperation of ideal rake, reduces the emergence of above-mentioned condition.
Further preferably, the feeding assembly 6 comprises a roller 6a connected to the upper end of each hexagonal rotating shaft 4c, and the rotating shaft of the roller 6a is connected with the rotary driving assembly; the rotating speed of the rotating driving component is 100-150 r/min. Mounting brackets 11 are arranged at two ends of the roller 6a, and a plurality of hinged shafts 6b are uniformly distributed on the mounting brackets 11 along the circumferential direction; an arc-shaped rake claw 6c is hinged on each hinged shaft 6b, and a torsional spring 6d connected between the arc-shaped rake claw 6c and the roller 6a is arranged on each hinged shaft 6 b.
When adopting this structure, the vertical setting of pay-off subassembly just rotates with rotary cutter is synchronous, and the rotatory speed of drive subassembly this moment can be rotatory along with the arc rake all the time when the rotational speed is too fast, can't break away from smoothly, and rotary cutter is difficult to cut off the chinese mugwort when the rotational speed is too slow. According to a plurality of experiments, when the rotating speed provided by the rotating driving component is 120-150 r/m, the rotating cutter can smoothly cut off the wormwood and the arc-shaped harrow claws can smoothly convey the cut wormwood to the rear conveying belt.
The upper mounting cross beam is provided with a transmission structure between a rotating shaft connected with the upper cutter assembly and a roller rotating shaft connected with the lower feeding assembly, the structure is more compact, a structure which can be easily thought by a person skilled in the art can be adopted, a transmission belt, a belt pulley and the like are adopted for transmission in the embodiment, the specific structure is the prior art, and the details are not repeated.
The number of the arc-shaped harrow claws 6c is equal to that of the blades of the rotary cutter 4d, the concave surface of each arc-shaped harrow claw 6c is in the same direction as the blade of the rotary cutter 4d and is positioned behind the blade of the rotary cutter 4d, and the distance between the concave surface and the blade of the rotary cutter 4d is 1-3cm; the free end part of the arc-shaped rake claw 6c is positioned on the outer side of the blade end part of the rotary cutter 4 d. After adopting this structure, arc rake claw sets up with rotary cutter blade one to one, and the arc rake claw can be in time carry the chinese mugwort grass that downcuts backward when rotary cutter cuts off chinese mugwort grass, avoids the chinese mugwort grass to drop down after cutting off, can realize cutting off the collection of back chinese mugwort grass effectively and carry.
An inward-bent inner hooking section 6e is integrally formed at the front end of the arc-shaped rake claw 6c, and the included angle alpha of the fan shape of the inner hooking section 6e is 60-80 degrees. The front end of the arc-shaped harrow claw is provided with the inner hook section, so that the moxa at the outermost end is prevented from being directly thrown out under the action of centrifugal force in the process of rotating from the inner side to the outer side. Meanwhile, the angle alpha of the fan-shaped included angle of the inner hooking section is set between 60 degrees and 80 degrees, so that the situation that the wormwood is clamped by the inner hooking section and cannot be output when the wormwood is turned to the inner side is avoided.
In this embodiment, the mounting bracket 11 includes a first mounting plate 11a fixedly disposed at the lower end of the roller 6a, and the lower end of the hinge shaft 6b is connected to the first mounting plate 11 a. A hexagonal positioning block 11b is arranged at the upper end of the roller 6a, and a second mounting plate 11c corresponding to the first mounting plate 11a is detachably connected to the hexagonal positioning block 11 b; a fixed nut 11d is connected to the rotating shaft of the roller 6a above the second mounting plate 11c through threads. After adopting this structure, when the arc rake claw takes place to damage, unscrew fixation nut and take off the second mounting panel and can change the arc rake claw.
Further preferably, the arc-shaped rake claw 6c is composed of a plurality of rake fingers 6f, and a shaft sleeve 6g is integrally formed below the hinged end of each rake finger 6 f; the 6g hole of axle sleeve is interior hexagonal hole, articulated shaft 6b is outer hexagonal axle and both ends are passed through the bearing and are connected with first mounting panel 11a, second mounting panel 11 c. When the fingers are arranged on the hinge shaft, the bottom surface of the shaft sleeve of the previous finger is tightly attached to the upper surface of the next finger, and when one finger is damaged, the finger can be independently replaced, so that the cost is saved.
In this embodiment, the rake 5 includes a rake tooth mounting plate 5a detachably disposed above the rotary cutter 4d, a plurality of rake teeth 5b are formed at the front end of the rake tooth mounting plate 5a, the horizontal section of each rake tooth 5b is isosceles trapezoid, and an included angle β between a side edge and the front end surface of the rake tooth mounting plate 5a is 95-110 °. After adopting this structure, make things convenient for during chinese mugwort grass gets into reason material harrow to can make chinese mugwort grass concentrate along with the gos forward of moving vehicle frame, can be better when making the rotating blade and chinese mugwort grass contact exert force, conveniently cut.
In the present embodiment, the traverse frames 1 below both sides of the rear end of each conveyor belt 7 are provided with "+" -shaped chutes 12, and the charging box 8 and the stock guide 9 are provided at both ends thereof with "+" -shaped burring 13 corresponding to the chutes 12, respectively. After adopting this structure, conveniently carry out the dismouting to charging box and stock guide.
During the work, promote through drive arrangement or manual work and remove the frame and advance, the chinese mugwort grass gets into the reason material harrow clearance of upper mounting crossbeam, and the rotary cutter downcuts the tender point of chinese mugwort grass, carries to the charging bin on the conveyer belt of the tender point harrow to the rear of arc rake claw with the chinese mugwort grass after that and collects.
Meanwhile, the moving frame continues to move forward, the moxa stalks after being cut off tender tips enter the gaps of the material arranging rakes on the lower mounting cross beam, the rotating cutter cuts the moxa stalks, then the arc-shaped rakes rake Ai Caojing stalks onto a rear conveying belt to be conveyed onto the guide plate, and the moxa stalks are conveyed into the field ditches on the two sides along the guide plate.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for convenience of description of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be embodied in many different forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.