CN115933034A - Hyperbolic geometric phase lens with double focal lines - Google Patents
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- CN115933034A CN115933034A CN202310021659.4A CN202310021659A CN115933034A CN 115933034 A CN115933034 A CN 115933034A CN 202310021659 A CN202310021659 A CN 202310021659A CN 115933034 A CN115933034 A CN 115933034A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hyperbolic geometric phase lens with bifocal lines, which is characterized in that a micro-nano processing technology is utilized to perform microstructure construction on a hyperbolic geometric phase diffraction lens, so that the hyperbolic geometric phase diffraction lens meets the phase distribution of a hyperbolic function, and the optical characteristics of the hyperbolic lens are shown through the geometric phase, so that left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light are respectively focused on two mutually perpendicular lines, and the planar hyperbolic lens with bifocal line characteristics is realized. Compared with the prior art, the invention can focus the left-handed circularly polarized light and the right-handed circularly polarized light to two mutually vertical directions respectively, and the prepared device can also realize the effect of focusing light beams in different circular polarization states to different focal lines at different distances by setting different focal length parameters to the two vertical directions, and the two focal lines formed respectively are mutually vertical; the polarization state of the original incident light can be analyzed and judged by utilizing the characteristic that the device responds differently to different circular polarization states and the diffraction pattern is concentrated on two perpendicular intersecting lines with obvious difference in the central area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lenses, in particular to a hyperbolic geometric phase lens with double focal lines.
Background
The traditional cholesteric liquid crystal is limited by a single-chiral spiral structure, only can modulate single-chiral circularly polarized light, and cannot realize simultaneous modulation of double-chiral circularly polarized light.
The invention with publication number CN114690479A discloses a liquid crystal geometric phase device, a method for manufacturing the same, and a detection device, wherein the liquid crystal geometric phase device comprises a first substrate, a second substrate which are oppositely arranged, and a double-handed coexisting liquid crystal layer which is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the double-handed coexisting liquid crystal layer comprises a first handcholesteric liquid crystal layer and a second handcholesteric liquid crystal layer which coexist; a first alignment layer is arranged on one side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and a second alignment layer is arranged on one side of the second substrate facing the first substrate. According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, a uniformly distributed double-chiral coexistence system is formed by the first handwise cholesteric liquid crystal and the second handwise cholesteric liquid crystal, so that the self-selection selective geometric phase regulation of the traditional cholesteric liquid crystal can be broken through, and the simultaneous reflection and geometric phase modulation of the double-chiral circularly polarized light can be realized.
According to the scheme, the simultaneous modulation of the double-chiral circularly polarized light is realized through the two rotating liquid crystal layers, but the traditional liquid crystal geometric phase lens is generally circularly symmetric, the circularly polarized light with a specific rotation can be converged into one point through the focusing effect, and the circularly polarized light with the other opposite rotation can be expanded into a circular spot through the defocusing effect. For a liquid crystal geometric phase cylindrical lens with one-dimensional phase change, only circularly polarized light with a specific rotation can be converged into a line through a focusing effect, and the other circularly polarized light with an opposite rotation can be expanded into a long and narrow ellipse through a defocusing effect.
The two lenses have focusing effect on one circularly polarized light and opposite defocusing effect on the other circularly polarized light, and no liquid crystal geometric phase lens can focus left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing a hyperbolic geometric phase lens with bifocal lines having focusing properties.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a hyperbolic geometric phase lens having a bifocal line whose phase profile satisfies:
Γ(x,y)＝π[x 2 /(f x λ)-y 2 /(f y λ)]+Γ 0
where Γ (x, y) is the phase distribution function in the xy plane perpendicular to the direction of light propagation, the x and y axes are two mutually perpendicular directions, f x And is f y Respectively the focal length on the z-axis in the light propagation direction when focusing along the x-axis and the y-axis, wherein lambda is the wavelength of incident light, and the radian pi corresponds to the angle of 180 DEG, gamma 0 Is the initial phase and is constant.
Further, the hyperbolic geometric phase lens includes an optically anisotropic active layer, which is a liquid crystal layer using patterned planar alignment, or a geometric phase metal or dielectric super surface layer using microstructure anisotropic response.
Furthermore, the optical anisotropic action layer is a liquid crystal layer oriented by utilizing a patterned plane, and the hyperbolic geometric phase lens comprises a first substrate, a first optical orientation layer and a liquid crystal layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;
the first photo-alignment layer is positioned on the upper surface of the first substrate and is parallel to the upper surface of the first substrate;
the first photo-alignment layer is provided with a microstructure, and the orientation azimuth angle distribution of the microstructure satisfies the following conditions:
α(x,y)＝π[x 2 /(2f x λ)-y 2 /(2f y λ)]+Γ 0 /2
wherein α (x, y) is a distribution function of an orientation azimuth included with the x-axis in an xy-plane which is an upper surface of the first substrate, f x And f y Is a focal length parameter, lambda is the wavelength of incident light, and radian pi corresponds to an angle of 180 DEG, gamma 0 Is to start upPhase, being constant;
the liquid crystal layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first optical orientation layer in parallel, and is nematic liquid crystal or chiral liquid crystal.
Further, the hyperbolic geometric phase lens may further include a second substrate disposed in parallel above the liquid crystal layer.
Further, the hyperbolic geometric phase lens may further include a second photo-alignment layer, the second photo-alignment layer is located between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate, the second photo-alignment layer is aligned parallel to a plane of the second substrate, a microstructure is disposed on the second photo-alignment layer, and an orientation azimuth angle distribution of the microstructure is consistent with that of the first photo-alignment layer.
Further, the hyperbolic geometric phase lens further comprises a groove alignment layer, the groove alignment layer is located between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate, and the groove alignment layer is aligned in parallel to the plane of the second substrate;
the groove orientation layer is of a groove structure generated by a friction or etching method, and the extending direction of the groove orientation layer is the easy orientation direction of the liquid crystal layer.
Further, the hyperbolic geometric phase lens further comprises a vertical alignment layer between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate,
the vertical alignment layer is used for enabling liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to be aligned perpendicular to the first substrate plane.
Further, the first substrate and/or the second substrate is: a glass substrate or a flexible film substrate.
Further, the liquid crystal layer is made of a liquid crystal material having a birefringence; or from a liquid crystal material with a birefringent effect comprising a polymeric monomer.
Further, the optical anisotropy action layer is a geometric phase metal or medium super surface layer utilizing microstructure anisotropy response, the hyperbolic geometric phase lens comprises a first substrate, a raised metal or medium microstructure is arranged on the first substrate, and the micro-junctionThe microstructure has optical anisotropy, and the microstructure-induced geometric phase distribution satisfies the following formula that gamma (x, y) = pi [ x [) 2 /(f x λ)-y 2 /(f y λ)]+Γ 0 。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention utilizes micro-nano processing technology to manufacture a geometric phase device with compact structure, good light transmittance, high efficiency, light weight and flexible and adjustable parameters. The liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens based on the patterned photo-alignment technology has good device stability, has an electric control adjustable characteristic and has potential possibility of mass production. Compared with the common cylindrical lens, the invention has differential response to different circularly polarized lights, has focusing characteristics to left-handed circularly polarized light or right-handed circularly polarized light, and two focusing states present two mutually vertical cross focal lines, which cannot be realized by using a parabolic phase distribution lens.
Before incident light passes through the device, the polarization state of the original incident light can be analyzed and judged by recording and analyzing the evolution of the formed diffracted light through a quarter wave plate which rotates for a plurality of angles or a liquid crystal wave plate with gradually increasing applied voltage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a super-surface hyperbolic geometric phase lens structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of geometric phase distribution of a hyperbolic geometric phase lens, where color gray scale corresponds to the magnitude of the geometric phase;
FIG. 4 shows the focal length parameter f x ＝f y The hyperbolic geometric phase lens is a diffraction pattern at a non-focal position, horizontal light rays irradiated by left-handed circularly polarized light, vertical light rays irradiated by right-handed circularly polarized light, cross light rays on a cross section at a non-focal position in a direction perpendicular to the propagation direction of light under irradiation of linearly polarized light or under simultaneous irradiation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, and a light intensity distribution stereogram on the cross section;
FIG. 5 shows the focal lengthParameter f x ＝f y The hyperbolic geometric phase lens is characterized by comprising a diffraction pattern at a focal length, a horizontal direction focal line under irradiation of left circularly polarized light, a vertical direction focal line under irradiation of right circularly polarized light, a cross focal line on a section perpendicular to a propagation direction of light at a non-focal length position under irradiation of linearly polarized light or under simultaneous irradiation of left circularly polarized light and right circularly polarized light, and a light intensity distribution stereogram on the section;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the detection of the polarization state of incident light by the hyperbolic geometric phase lens 100 and the liquid crystal sheet 200 with the direction of the optical axis 201 changed;
FIG. 7 illustrates the detection of the polarization state of incident light using a hyperbolic geometric phase lens 100 and a LC panel 200 with phase retardation modulated by an AC voltage signal generator 202;
in the figure, 100 hyperbolic geometric phase lens, 101 ITO glass substrate, 102 first orientation layer, 103 second orientation layer, 104 liquid crystal layer, 105 substrate, 106 metal or medium microstructure layer, 200 liquid crystal wave plate with single optical axis direction, 201 liquid crystal optical axis, 202 alternating voltage signal generator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the present product is conventionally placed in use, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
The hyperbolic geometric phase lens with the bifocal lines disclosed by the invention is a diffraction optical element, and comprises an optical anisotropic action layer, wherein the optical anisotropic action layer can be a liquid crystal layer oriented by utilizing a patterned plane, or can also be a geometric phase metal or medium super surface layer responding by utilizing microstructure anisotropy, namely a liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens and a super-surface hyperbolic geometric phase lens are formed.
The geometric phase of the liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens is equal to 2 times of orientation azimuth angles in value, so that the distribution of any geometric phase can be realized by constructing orientation distribution of an orientation layer and further driving liquid crystal orientation.
The geometric phase action layer can be independent, or can be arranged on the first substrate in parallel, or can be arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate in parallel.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens, and the patterned orientation distribution of the liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens meets the following requirements:
α(x,y)＝π[x 2 /(2f x λ)-y 2 /(2f y λ)]+Γ 0 /2
where α (x, y) is a distribution function of orientation azimuths in the xy plane (substrate plane) from the x axis, f x And f y Is a focal length parameter, lambda is the wavelength of the incident light, and the radian pi corresponds to an angle of 180 deg..
The optical phenomenon is presented, namely two fine focal lines which are vertical to each other are generated under the common normal incidence of the two circularly polarized lights.
The liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens can be divided into an active mode and a passive mode according to the working mode.
1. Active mode
The liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens under the active mode specifically comprises from bottom to top:
the liquid crystal display panel comprises a first substrate provided with a transparent conducting layer, a first optical orientation layer arranged on the upper surface of the first substrate in parallel and a liquid crystal layer with uniform thickness.
The first photo-alignment layer is positioned on the upper surface of the first substrate and is parallel to the upper surface of the first substrate;
the first light orientation layer is provided with a microstructure, and the orientation azimuth angle distribution of the microstructure satisfies the following conditions:
α(x,y)＝π[x 2 /(2f x λ)-y 2 /(2f y λ)]+Γ 0 /2
wherein α (x, y) is a distribution function of an orientation azimuth included with the x-axis in an xy-plane, the xy-plane being an upper surface of the first substrate, f x And f y Is a focal length parameter, lambda is the wavelength of incident light, and radian pi corresponds to an angle of 180 DEG, gamma 0 Is at an initial phase, is constantCounting;
the liquid crystal layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first optical orientation layer in parallel, can be nematic liquid crystal and corresponds to the optical characteristics of the transmission type geometric phase device, and can also be chiral liquid crystal and corresponds to the optical characteristics of the reflection type geometric phase device.
Preferably, the liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens further comprises a second substrate, and the second substrate is arranged above the liquid crystal layer in parallel.
A second light orientation layer oriented parallel to the plane of the second substrate is arranged on the lower surface of the second substrate, a microstructure is arranged on the second light orientation layer, and the orientation azimuth angle distribution of the microstructure is consistent with that of the first light orientation layer; or a groove orientation layer which is oriented parallel to the plane of the second substrate is arranged on the lower surface of the second substrate; or, a vertical alignment layer is arranged on the lower surface of the second substrate; or, no orientation layer is arranged on the lower surface of the second substrate;
the groove orientation layer is provided with a groove structure generated by friction or etching and the like, and the groove structure is in the easy orientation direction of the liquid crystal along the groove direction;
the vertical alignment layer serves to align the liquid crystal molecules perpendicular to the first substrate plane.
2. Passive mode
The liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens under the passive mode specifically comprises from bottom to top:
the liquid crystal display panel comprises a first substrate, a patterned orientation layer arranged on the upper surface of the first substrate in parallel, and a liquid crystal layer with uniform thickness and containing polymer monomers.
Alternatively, the first substrate may be omitted, and the liquid crystal layer containing the polymer monomer, which has been patterned and oriented and cured by photopolymerization, may be formed as a separate solid optical film and peeled off from the first substrate.
Optionally, the first substrate and/or the second substrate are: a glass substrate or a flexible film substrate.
The liquid crystal layer is made of liquid crystal materials with birefringence; or from a liquid crystal material with a birefringent effect comprising a polymeric monomer.
Preferably, a transparent conductive layer is provided on the first substrate and the second substrate.
In this embodiment, the liquid crystal hyperbolic geometric phase lens 100 is composed of two Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrates 101 coated with alignment layers 102 and 103 and a liquid crystal layer 104 in between, as shown in fig. 1.
The glass substrate 101 is generally made of indium tin oxide conductive glass (ITO glass), and the electrode is an indium tin oxide coating film coated on the surface of the glass.
In the patterning orientation process, the distribution function of the orientation azimuth angle clamped with the x axis in the xy plane (substrate plane) satisfies alpha (x, y) = pi [ x ] x 2 /(2f x λ)-y 2 /(2f y λ)]+Γ 0 /2 wherein f x And f y Is a focal length parameter, lambda is the incident light wavelength, and the radian pi corresponds to an angle of 180 degrees.
In this example f x ＝f y λ =633 nm, and an expression of α with respect to x and y is obtained, that is, the distribution of the orientation angle in the plane, the geometric phase distribution is mathematically 2 times the distribution of the orientation azimuth angle, and the gray scale represents the value of the geometric phase, and the schematic diagram of the geometric phase distribution is shown in fig. 3.
When collimated light with a wavelength of 633 nm is incident on the lens, diffraction patterns are obtained before and at the focal length as shown in fig. 4 and 5, and two crossed focal lines are generated by focusing a left-handed circular polarization component and a right-handed circular polarization component by the hyperbolic geometric phase lens.
The invention utilizes the relationship between the orientation azimuth angle and the geometric phase of the liquid crystal molecules, realizes the fine structural arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules in the plane of the liquid crystal layer of the lens through the optical orientation technology, and obtains the hyperbolic geometric phase lens which can realize left-handed and right-handed circular polarization differential response and has the cross focal line convergence characteristic.
A liquid crystal wave plate with a single optical axis direction is arranged in front of the hyperbolic geometric phase lens, and the optical axis direction is changed by rotating the liquid crystal wave plate, as shown in fig. 6. Or the phase retardation of the liquid crystal wave plate is changed by applying voltage, as shown in fig. 7, the polarization state of any incident light can be calculated and analyzed by using the evolution of diffracted light after the hyperbolic geometric phase lens.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a super-surface hyperbolic geometric phase lens, and the super-surface hyperbolic geometric phase lens is a passive mode according to a working mode, and specifically includes from bottom to top:
the microstructure comprises a first substrate and a patterned metal or medium microstructure layer arranged on the upper surface of the first substrate in parallel, wherein the microstructure layer has optical anisotropy, and the geometric phase distribution induced by the microstructure meets the requirement of gamma (x, y) = pi [ x ]) 2 /(f x λ)-y 2 /(f y λ)]+Γ 0 。
In this embodiment, the super-surface hyperbolic geometric phase lens structure is composed of a substrate 105 and a metal or dielectric microstructure layer 106, as shown in fig. 2.
By utilizing the response characteristic of the hyperbolic geometric phase lens to circularly polarized light, the polarization state of incident light can be conveniently detected by combining a liquid crystal wave plate with a variable optical axis direction or a variable phase retardation. A rotatable quarter liquid crystal wave plate or a liquid crystal wave plate of which the phase delay amount is modulated by voltage is inserted between the detection light and the hyperbolic geometric phase lens, the polarization state of the detection light is changed through the change of the optical axis direction of the liquid crystal wave plate or the phase delay amount, and the polarization state of the detection light is calculated and analyzed through observing and recording the evolution of the diffracted light of the hyperbolic geometric phase lens.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A hyperbolic geometric phase lens having a bifocal line, wherein the phase profile of the hyperbolic geometric phase lens satisfies:
Γ(x,y)＝π[x 2 /(f x λ)-y 2 /(f y λ)]+Γ 0
where Γ (x, y) is the phase distribution function in the xy plane perpendicular to the direction of light propagation, the x and y axes are two mutually perpendicular directions, f x And is f y Respectively the focal length on the z-axis in the light propagation direction when focusing along the x-axis and the y-axis, wherein lambda is the wavelength of incident light, and the radian pi corresponds to the angle of 180 DEG, gamma 0 Is the initial phase and is constant.
2. The hyperbolic geometric phase lens of claim 1, comprising an optically anisotropic active layer, which is a liquid crystal layer oriented using patterned planes or a geometric phase metal or dielectric super surface layer using microstructure anisotropic response.
3. The hyperbolic geometric phase lens with the bifocal lines of claim 2, wherein the optically anisotropic active layer is a liquid crystal layer oriented by a patterned plane, and the hyperbolic geometric phase lens comprises a first substrate, a first photo-orientation layer and a liquid crystal layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;
the first photo-alignment layer is positioned on the upper surface of the first substrate and is parallel to the upper surface of the first substrate;
the first light orientation layer is provided with a microstructure, and the orientation azimuth angle distribution of the microstructure satisfies the following conditions:
α(x,y)＝π[x 2 /(2f x λ)-y 2 /(2f y λ)]+Γ 0 /2
wherein α (x, y) is a distribution function of an orientation azimuth included with the x-axis in an xy-plane which is an upper surface of the first substrate, f x And f y Is a focal length parameter, lambda is the wavelength of incident light, and radian pi corresponds to an angle of 180 DEG, gamma 0 Is the initial phase, is constant;
the liquid crystal layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first optical orientation layer in parallel, and is nematic liquid crystal or chiral liquid crystal.
4. The hyperbolic geometric phase lens of claim 3, further comprising a second substrate disposed in parallel above the liquid crystal layer.
5. The hyperbolic geometric phase lens of claim 4, further comprising a second photo-alignment layer between the liquid crystal layer and a second substrate, the second photo-alignment layer being aligned parallel to the plane of the second substrate, the second photo-alignment layer having microstructures thereon, the microstructures having an azimuthal orientation distribution that is consistent with that of the first photo-alignment layer.
6. The hyperbolic geometric phase lens of claim 4, further comprising a trench alignment layer between the liquid crystal layer and a second substrate, the trench alignment layer being aligned parallel to a plane of the second substrate;
the groove orientation layer is of a groove structure generated by a friction or etching method, and the extending direction of the grooves of the groove orientation layer is the easy-to-orient direction of the liquid crystal layer.
7. The hyperbolic geometric phase lens of claim 4, further comprising a vertical alignment layer between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate,
the vertical alignment layer is used for enabling liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to be aligned perpendicular to the first substrate plane.
8. Hyperbolic geometric-phase lens according to claim 4, characterized in that the first and/or second substrate is: a glass substrate or a flexible film substrate.
9. Hyperbolic geometric phase lens according to claim 4, characterized in that said liquid crystal layer is made of a liquid crystal material with birefringence; or from a liquid crystal material with a birefringent effect comprising a polymeric monomer.
10. The hyperbolic geometric phase lens of claim 2, wherein the optically anisotropic active layer is a geometric phase metal or dielectric super-surface layer with microstructure anisotropic response, the hyperbolic geometric phase lens comprises a first substrate on which a raised metal or dielectric microstructure is disposed, the microstructure has optical anisotropy, and the microstructure-induced geometric phase distribution satisfies Γ (x, y) = π [ x ] x 2 /(f x λ)-y 2 /(f y λ)]+Γ 0 。
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