CN115928313A - Preparation method of variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform and variable cross-section three-dimensional preform - Google Patents
Preparation method of variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform and variable cross-section three-dimensional preform Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform and a variable cross-section three-dimensional preform, and belongs to the technical field of textiles. The invention realizes the yarn connection among different gradients by horizontally moving the outer yarns of the adjacent gradients, thereby realizing the change of the section size along the length direction or the change of the height direction, the method is not limited by the change of the number of yarn strands, and the variable range of the section size is large; meanwhile, the horizontal yarn moving difficulty of an operator is reduced, and the knitting efficiency and the knitting quality are improved; the variable-thickness preform prepared by the method has strong yarn connectivity among different thicknesses, so the preform has good integrity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of three-dimensional preforms, in particular to a preparation method of a variable-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform and a variable-section three-dimensional preform.
Background
The three-dimensional multidirectional preform has good structural integrity and high fiber volume content, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit and the like in recent years. With the continuous expansion of the application field of the prefabricated body, the section shape of the prefabricated body is developed from a simple section with equal wall thickness to a complex section shape with variable cross section. The variable cross-section preform is generally divided into: preforms in which the cross-sectional dimension varies along the woven length direction, preforms in which the cross-sectional dimension varies along the height direction, and preforms in which both variations are combined.
The net-size profiling yarn-reducing weaving method of the three-dimensional multidirectional knitted fabric for the composite material disclosed in the Chinese patent CN102938019B, the three-dimensional weaving method of the variable cross-section preforming part disclosed in the Chinese patent CN100491618C and the part thereof realize that the cross-section size of the preforming body is continuously changed along the weaving length direction by changing the number of yarns in the weaving process. Chinese patent CN108998888B discloses a three-dimensional weaving method of a preformed part with variable cross sections by row-column transformation and the part, the weaving method realizes the integral weaving of the special-shaped preform with the cross section varying along the length direction by the mutual transformation of the rows and the columns on the premise that the total number of fibers is not changed.
Chinese patent CN201510195792.7 discloses a method for preparing a variable thickness layer-structure fabric, which realizes the variation of the section size of a preform along the height direction by reducing or thickening the yarn bundles on the surface, but the variation of the section size of the preform is limited by the variation of the number of yarn strands, and the size variation range is small. Chinese patent CN110318140A discloses a weaving method for realizing the integrated weaving of unequal-layer fabrics by a four-step method, which realizes the integral forming of unequal-layer fabrics by crosswise moving yarns between two unequal-layer yarn arrays. However, the yarn is crossed and moved between different layers, the operation is complex, the knitting efficiency is low, yarn moving errors are easy to occur, and the product quality is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform comprises the following steps which are connected in sequence:
(1) Performing area division and yarn array distribution of the prefabricated body: dividing the prefabricated body into a first gradient and a second gradient by adopting a virtual plane, wherein the yarn array corresponding to the first gradient is M layers of N rows, the yarn array corresponding to the second gradient is M ' layers of N ' rows, M ' -M =2X, and X is a natural number;
(2) First yarn movement: the rest layers of the M layers of yarn arrays, except the 1 st layer and the M th layer, are fixed, move at intervals by one spindle position along the layer direction according to the sequence of one layer to the left and one layer to the right; the yarn arrays of the M 'layer are fixed except for the 1 st layer and the M' th layer, and the rest layers move by one spindle position according to the movement rule consistent with the yarn arrays of the M layer, so that two yarn arrays of an N +1 row of the M layer and an N '+1 row of the M' layer are formed;
(3) First gradient yarn transferring: moving the yarns in the (N + 1) th row in the M layers of yarn arrays to the vacancy of the 2 nd row in the M ' layers of yarn arrays in parallel, moving the yarns in the 1 st row corresponding to the number of the M layers of yarn arrays in the M ' layers of yarn arrays to the vacancy of the Nth row in the M layers of yarn arrays in parallel, moving the rest yarns in the 1 st row in the M ' layers of yarn arrays to the vacancy of the 2 nd row in the same yarn array, and forming the M layers of yarn arrays in the N rows and the M ' layers of yarn arrays in the N ' rows after yarn moving is finished; the empty position is an empty yarn position generated after the first yarn movement;
(4) And (3) second yarn movement: the yarn array is characterized in that except that the 1 st column in the M layers of yarn arrays and the N 'th column in the M' layers of yarn arrays are fixed, the rest yarns move at intervals by a spindle position according to the sequence of one column upwards and one column downwards;
(5) And (3) third yarn movement: the yarn arrays of the M layers and the yarn arrays of the M ' layers move reversely according to the same movement rule as the step (2) to form two yarn arrays of N +1 rows of the M layers and N ' +1 rows of the M ' layers;
(6) And (3) second gradient yarn transferring: moving the yarns on the (N + 1) th column in the yarn arrays of the M layers and the yarns on the 1 st column in the yarn arrays of the M' layers according to the same motion law as that in the step (3);
(7) Fourth yarn movement: the yarn arrays of the M layers and the yarn arrays of the M' layers move reversely according to the same movement rule as the step (4);
(8) Tightening movement: the tightening mechanism tightens the yarn interweaving points to a required height;
(9) And (5) repeating the process steps (2) to (8) to the required length to obtain the variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform.
Further, in the step (1), the prefabricated body is divided into a plurality of gradient parts by adopting a plurality of virtual planes, the yarn motion rule of two adjacent gradient parts is the same as that in the steps (2) and (8), except that in the steps (2) and (5), the number of columns of the middle part is increased by two columns after the yarn moves for the first time.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cross section shape of the prepared prefabricated body can be continuously changed, the cross section of the prefabricated body can be flexibly divided according to the requirement of the profiling precision of the prefabricated body, the operability is strong, and for the prefabricated body with complicated cross section shapes such as T-shaped, I-shaped, pi-shaped and the like, the yarn moving steps are few, the yarn moving rule is simple, and the production efficiency can be obviously improved.
Further, in the step (1), the yarns of the 1 st layer and the M th layer in the M layers of yarn arrays are spaced by one column and are arranged in a vertically staggered manner, the yarns of the 1 st layer and the M ' th layer in the M ' layers of yarn arrays are spaced by one column and are arranged in a vertically staggered manner, and the yarns of the 1 st layer in the M layers of yarn arrays and the yarns of the 1 st layer in the M ' layers of yarn arrays are spaced by one column; the 1 st and M th layers of the 1 st column in the M layers of yarn arrays have no yarns, and the 1 st and M ' th layers of the N ' th column in the M ' layers of yarn arrays have no yarns.
Further, in step (1), the yarns in the 1 st column of the M layers of yarn arrays are arranged one layer apart, the yarns in the N 'th column of the M' layers of yarn arrays are arranged one layer apart, and the yarns in the 1 st column of the M layers of yarn arrays are different from the yarns in the N 'th column of the M' layers of yarn arrays on the same layer.
Further, in the step (2), the layer with yarns in the 1 st column in the M layers of yarn arrays moves to the right, and the layer without yarns moves to the left; the layer with yarn in the nth 'column of the M' layer yarn array moves to the left and the layer without yarn moves to the right.
Further, in the step (4), the 1 st layer of the M layers of yarn arrays moves downwards, and the columns without yarns move upwards; the 1 st layer of the M' layer yarn array has the column of yarns moving downward and no column of yarns moving upward.
Further, M and M' are both odd or even.
Further, N and N' are odd or even numbers.
A variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform is prepared by any one of the preparation methods.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention improves the prior four-step weaving technology, realizes the yarn connection between different gradients by horizontally moving the outer yarns of the adjacent gradients, thereby realizing the change of the section size along the length direction or the height direction, the method is not limited by the change of the number of yarn strands, and the variable range of the section size is large; meanwhile, the horizontal yarn moving reduces the yarn moving difficulty of an operator, and improves the knitting efficiency and the knitting quality; the variable-thickness preform prepared by the method has strong yarn connectivity among different thicknesses, so the preform has good integrity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic external view of a preform according to example 1 of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the initial arrangement of yarns in the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first yarn run of the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing of the first gradient yarn shifting of the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of yarns after the first gradient cross-over of the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the second yarn run of the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a third yarn run of the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic drawing of a second gradient cross-over of the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the yarn arrangement after the second gradient yarn-transferring of the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the fourth yarn run of the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the outer shape of the preform in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the initial arrangement of yarns in the preform of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the first yarn run of the preform of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a schematic drawing of the first gradient cross-over of the preform of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the arrangement of yarns after the first gradient yarn shifting of the preform of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a schematic drawing showing the second yarn run of the preform of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the third yarn run of the preform of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a schematic drawing showing the second gradient intermingling of a preform according to example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the arrangement of yarns after the second gradient yarn shifting of the preform of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing the fourth yarn motion of the preform of example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The implementation provides a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform with the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing area division and yarn array distribution on the preform: as shown in FIG. 1, a virtual plane 1-1 divides the preform into two parts A and B. The number of yarn arrays corresponding to the part A is 8 layers and 5 columns, the number of yarn array columns corresponding to the part B is 10 layers and 4 columns, and the initial arrangement of the yarns of the part A and the part B is shown in figure 2.
(2) First yarn movement: as shown in fig. 3. The 1 st layer and the 8 th layer in the yarn arrays of the 8 layers and 5 columns are fixed, the yarns of the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th layers move to the right by one spindle position along the layer direction, and the yarns of the 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th layers move to the left by one spindle position along the layer direction, so that the yarn arrays of the 8 layers and 6 columns are formed; the 1 st and 10 th layers of yarn arrays in 10 layers and 4 rows are fixed, the yarns in the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and 8 th layers move to the right along the layer direction by one spindle position, and the yarns in the 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th and 9 th layers move to the left along the layer direction by one spindle position, so that the yarn arrays in 10 layers and 5 rows are formed.
(3) First gradient interval yarn transfer: as shown in fig. 4, the yarns on the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th layers of the 6 th column in the yarn arrays of the 8 layers and 6 columns are parallelly moved to the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th vacant positions of the 2 nd column in the yarn arrays of the 10 layers and 6 columns, the yarns on the 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th layers of the 1 st column in the yarn arrays of the 10 layers and 5 columns are parallelly moved to the 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th vacant positions of the 5 th column in the yarn arrays of the 8 layers and 6 columns, the yarns on the 9 th layer of the 1 st column in the yarn arrays of the 10 layers and 5 columns are moved to the 8 th vacant position of the 2 nd column, and the arrangement of the yarns after yarn moving is shown in fig. 5.
(4) And (3) second yarn movement: as shown in fig. 6. The 2 nd column and the 4 th column in the yarn array of the 8 layers and 5 columns move downwards by one spindle position, and the 3 rd column and the 5 th column move upwards by one spindle position; the 1 st and 3 rd rows of the 10-layer and 4-row yarn arrays move downwards by one spindle position, and the 2 nd row moves upwards by one spindle position.
(5) And (3) third yarn movement: as shown in fig. 7. The 1 st layer and the 8 th layer in the yarn array of the 8 layers and 5 rows are not moved, the yarns of the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th layers move to the left by one spindle position along the layer direction, and the yarns of the 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th layers move to the right by one spindle position along the layer direction, so that the yarn array of the 8 layers and 6 rows is formed; the 1 st and 10 th layers of the yarn arrays of 10 layers and 4 rows are fixed, the yarns of the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and 8 th layers move to the left by one spindle position along the layer direction, and the yarns of the 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th and 9 th layers move to the right by one spindle position along the layer direction, so that the yarn arrays of 10 layers and 5 rows are formed.
(6) And (3) second gradient yarn transferring: as shown in fig. 8, the yarns in the 6 th column, 3, 5 and 7 th layers in the 6 th column of the 8-layer yarn array are moved in parallel to the 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th layers in the 2 nd column of the 10-layer yarn array, the yarns in the 1 st column, 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th layers in the 10-layer yarn array are moved in parallel to the 2 th, 4 th and 6 th layers in the 5 th column of the 8-layer yarn array, the yarns in the 1 st column, 8 th layer in the 10-layer yarn array are moved to the 9 th layer of the 2 nd column, and the arrangement of the yarns after yarn movement is shown in fig. 9.
(7) Fourth yarn movement: as shown in fig. 10. The 2 nd row and the 4 th row in the yarn array of the 8 layers and the 5 th row move upwards by one spindle position, and the 3 rd row and the 5 th row move downwards by one spindle position; the 1 st column and the 3 rd column in the yarn array of the 10 layers and the 4 columns move upwards by one spindle position, and the 2 nd column moves downwards by one spindle position.
(8) Tightening movement: and the tightening mechanism tightens the yarn interweaving points to a required height.
(9) Repeating the process steps (2) to (8) to the required length to obtain the prefabricated body with the section shown in the figure 1.
Example 2
This example provides a variable cross-section three-dimensional multi-directional preform with a cross-sectional shape as shown in fig. 11, and the preparation method thereof includes the following steps:
(1) Performing area division and yarn array distribution of the prefabricated body: as shown in FIG. 11, the virtual planes 2-1, 2-2 divide the preform into three sections A1, B1, C1. The yarn arrays of the three parts A1, B1 and C1 are respectively 5 layers and 4 columns, 7 layers and 4 columns and 5 layers and 4 columns, and the initial arrangement of the yarns is shown in figure 12.
(2) First yarn movement: as shown in fig. 13, the 1 st and 5 th layers of the yarn arrays of the 6 layers and 4 rows of the A1 part and the C1 part are fixed, the yarns of the 2 nd and 4 th layers move to the left by one spindle position along the layer direction, and the yarns of the 3 rd layer move to the right by one spindle position along the layer direction, so that 5 layers and 5 rows of yarn arrays are formed; the 1 st and 7 th layers of yarn arrays in the 7 layers and 4 rows of yarn arrays in the part B1 are not moved, the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th layers of yarns move one spindle position leftwards along the layer direction, and the 3 rd and 5 th layers of yarns move one spindle position rightwards along the layer direction, so that the 7 layers and 6 rows of yarn arrays are formed.
(3) First gradient interval yarn transfer: as shown in fig. 14, the yarns on the layer 3 of the 5 th column of the 5-layer 5-column yarn arrays of the part A1 are moved in parallel to the layer 5 space of the 2 nd column of the 7-layer 6-column yarn arrays of the part B1, the yarns on the layers 4 and 6 of the 1 st column of the 6-column yarn arrays of the part B1 are moved in parallel to the layer 2 and 4 spaces of the 4 th column of the 5-layer 5-column yarn arrays of the part A1, and the yarns on the layer 2 of the 1 st column of the 6-column yarn arrays of the part B1 are moved to the layer 3 space of the 2 nd column; meanwhile, the yarns on the 2 nd and 4 th layers in the 1 st column of the 5-layer and 5-column yarn arrays in the part C1 are parallelly moved to the 4 th and 6 th vacant positions in the 5 th column of the 7-layer and 6-column yarn arrays in the part B1, the yarns on the 5 th layer in the 6 th column of the 6-column yarn arrays in the part B1 are parallelly moved to the 3 rd vacant position in the 2 nd column of the 5-layer and 5-column yarn arrays in the part C1, the yarns on the 3 rd layer in the 6 th column of the 7-layer and 6-column yarn arrays are moved to the 2 nd vacant position in the 5 th column, and the arrangement of the yarns after yarn moving is shown in figure 15.
(4) And (3) second yarn movement: as shown in fig. 16, the 3 rd column of the 5-layer 4-column yarn array of section A1 is moved downward by one spindle position, and the 2 nd column and the 4 th column are moved upward by one spindle position; the 1 st row and the 3 rd row in the 7-layer and 4-row yarn arrays in the part B1 move downwards by one spindle position, and the 2 nd row and the 4 th row move upwards by one spindle position; the 1 st column and the 3 rd column in the yarn array of the 5 layers and 4 columns of the C1 part move downwards by one spindle position, and the 2 nd column moves upwards by one spindle position.
(5) And (3) third yarn movement: as shown in fig. 17, the yarn arrays of 5 layers and 4 columns of the A1 part and the C1 part have the 1 st layer and the 5 th layer fixed, the yarns of the 2 nd layer and the 4 th layer move to the right by one spindle position along the layer direction, and the yarns of the 3 rd layer move to the left by one spindle position along the layer direction, so that the yarn arrays of 5 layers and 5 columns are formed; the yarn arrays of the 7 layers and the 4 rows in the part B1 are fixed at the 1 st layer and the 7 th layer, the yarns of the 2 nd, the 4 th and the 6 th layers move to the right by one spindle position along the layer direction, and the yarns of the 3 rd and the 5 th layers move to the left by one spindle position along the layer direction, so that the yarn arrays of the 7 layers and the 6 rows are formed.
(6) And (3) second gradient yarn transferring: as shown in fig. 18, the yarns in the 5 nd column, 2 nd and 4 th layers of the 5-layer, 5-column yarn arrays in the A1 part are moved in parallel to the 4 th and 6 th layer spaces in the 2 nd column of the 7-layer, 6-column yarn arrays in the B1 part, the yarns in the 1 st column, 5 th layer of the 1 st column, 6 th column yarn arrays in the A1 part are moved in parallel to the 4 th layer space in the 4 th column, 3 rd layer spaces in the 5-layer, 5-column yarn arrays in the A1 part, and the yarns in the 1 st column, 3 rd layer of the 7-layer, 6-column yarn arrays in the B1 part are moved to the 2 nd column space; meanwhile, the yarns on the 1 st column and the 3 rd layer in the 5-layer and 5-column yarn arrays in the part C1 are parallelly moved to the 5 th layer vacant position of the 5 th column in the 7-layer and 6-column yarn arrays in the part B1, the yarns on the 6 th columns and the 4 th layers in the 6 th column and 6 th layer in the 7-layer and 6-column yarn arrays in the part B1 are parallelly moved to the 2 nd columns and the 4 th layer vacant positions in the 5 th column and 5-column yarn arrays in the part C1, the yarns on the 6 th column and the 2 nd layer in the 7-layer and 6-column yarn arrays in the part B1 are moved to the 3 rd vacant position in the 5 th column, and the arrangement of the yarns after yarn moving is shown in figure 19.
(7) Fourth yarn movement: as shown in fig. 20, the 2 nd and 4 th rows of the 5-layer and 4-row yarn arrays of the part A1 are moved downward by one spindle position, and the 3 rd row is moved upward by one spindle position; the 2 nd row and the 4 th row in the 7-layer and 4-row yarn arrays in the part B1 move downwards by one spindle position, and the 1 st row and the 3 rd row move upwards by one spindle position; the 2 nd column of the 5-layer and 4-column yarn arrays of the C1 part moves downwards by one spindle position, and the 1 st column and the 3 rd column move upwards by one spindle position.
(8) Tightening movement: and the tightening mechanism tightens the yarn interweaving points to a required height.
(9) Repeating the process steps (2) to (8) to the required length to obtain the preform with the cross section as shown in figure 11.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various modifications and embellishments without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and embellishments are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform is characterized by comprising the following steps of sequentially connecting:
(1) Performing area division and yarn array distribution of the prefabricated body: dividing the prefabricated body into a first gradient part and a second gradient part by adopting a virtual plane, wherein the yarn array corresponding to the first gradient is M layers of N columns, the yarn array corresponding to the second gradient is M ' layers of N ' columns, M ' -M =2X, and X is a natural number;
(2) First yarn motion: the rest layers of the M layers of yarn arrays, except the 1 st layer and the M th layer, are fixed, move at intervals by one spindle position along the layer direction according to the sequence of one layer to the left and one layer to the right; the yarn arrays of the M 'layer are fixed except for the 1 st layer and the M' th layer, and the rest layers move by one spindle position according to the movement rule consistent with the yarn arrays of the M layer, so that two yarn arrays of an N +1 row of the M layer and an N '+1 row of the M' layer are formed;
(3) First gradient interval yarn transfer: moving the yarns in the (N + 1) th row in the M layers of yarn arrays to the vacancy of the 2 nd row in the M ' layers of yarn arrays in parallel, moving the yarns in the 1 st row corresponding to the number of the M layers of yarn arrays in the M ' layers of yarn arrays to the vacancy of the Nth row in the M layers of yarn arrays in parallel, moving the rest yarns in the 1 st row in the M ' layers of yarn arrays to the vacancy of the 2 nd row in the same yarn array, and forming the M layers of yarn arrays in the N rows and the M ' layers of yarn arrays in the N ' rows after yarn moving is finished; the empty yarn position is generated after the first yarn movement;
(4) And (3) second yarn movement: the whole yarn array is fixed except for the 1 st column in the M layers of yarn arrays and the N 'th column in the M' layers of yarn arrays, and other yarns move at intervals by one spindle position according to the sequence of one column upwards and one column downwards;
(5) And (3) third yarn movement: the M layers of yarn arrays and the M ' layers of yarn arrays move reversely according to the same movement rule as the step (2) to form two yarn arrays of M layers of N +1 columns and M ' layers of N ' +1 columns;
(6) And (3) second gradient yarn transferring: moving the yarns on the (N + 1) th column in the yarn arrays of the M layers and the yarns on the 1 st column in the yarn arrays of the M' layers according to the same motion rule as the step (3);
(7) Fourth yarn movement: the yarn arrays of the M layers and the yarn arrays of the M' layers move reversely according to the same movement rule as the step (4);
(8) Tightening movement: the tightening mechanism tightens the yarn interweaving points to a required height;
(9) And (5) repeating the process steps (2) to (8) to the required length to obtain the variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform.
2. The method for preparing a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the preform is divided into a plurality of gradient portions by a plurality of virtual planes, and the yarn movement law of two adjacent gradient portions is the same as that in the steps (2) to (8) except that in the steps (2) and (5), two columns of lines in the middle portion are increased after the yarns move.
3. The method for preparing a variable cross-section three-dimensional multi-directional preform according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the yarns of the 1 st layer and the M th layer in the M layers of yarn arrays are spaced by one column and staggered up and down, the yarns of the 1 st layer and the M ' th layer in the M ' layers of yarn arrays are spaced by one column and staggered up and down, and the yarns of the 1 st layer in the M layers of yarn arrays are spaced by one column from the yarns of the 1 st layer in the M ' layers of yarn arrays; the 1 st and M th layers of the 1 st column in the M layers of yarn arrays have no yarns, and the 1 st and M ' th layers of the N ' th column in the M ' layers of yarn arrays have no yarns.
4. The method for preparing a variable cross-section three-dimensional multi-directional preform according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the yarns of the 1 st column of the M layers of yarn arrays are arranged one layer apart, the yarns of the N 'th column of the M' layers of yarn arrays are arranged one layer apart, and the yarns of the 1 st column of the M layers of yarn arrays are different from the yarns of the N 'th column of the M' layers of yarn arrays.
5. The method for preparing a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the layer with yarns in the 1 st column of the M-layer yarn array moves to the right, and the layer without yarns moves to the left; the layer with yarn in the nth 'column of the M' layer yarn array moves to the left and the layer without yarn moves to the right.
6. The method for preparing a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the 1 st column of the M yarn arrays has yarns moving downward, and no column of yarns moving upward; the 1 st layer of the yarn array of the M' layer has the columns of yarns moving downward and no columns of yarns moving upward.
7. The method for preparing a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform according to claim 1, wherein M and M' are both odd numbers or both even numbers.
8. The method for preparing a variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform according to claim 1, wherein N and N' are odd or even numbers.
9. A variable cross-section three-dimensional multidirectional preform, characterized by being produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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