Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel synthesis method of thiofluoro carboxylic acid amide, which aims at the defects and shortcomings of the existing synthesis method, and has the advantages of easily available synthesis raw materials and trifluoromethylthio reagent, low cost, safety, simple synthesis process and the like.
Traditional methods of synthesizing thiochloroformate amides require the use of toxic gases, such as amines, to react with the fluorothiophosgene. How to achieve safe use of the fluorothiophosgene synthesis in the laboratory has been a problem. Second, how to use low cost reagents for synthesis is also a problem: the trifluoromethyl thioester has low synthesis cost, and has more applicable scene if the compound can be used for synthesizing the thiofluoro-formic acid amide.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for synthesizing thiofluocarboxylic acid amide is characterized in that: synthesizing thiofluoro-formic acid amide by taking secondary amine as a reaction substrate and trifluoro methyl thioester as a reaction reagent in the presence of a fluoride anion activating reagent;
the reaction equation is:
in the formula (2), R 1 Is aryl or alkyl, R 2 Is aryl or alkyl;
in the formula (3), R 3 Is aryl or alkyl;
the synthesis process of the compound shown in the formula (1) comprises the following steps: dissolving a compound shown in a formula (3) in a solvent in the presence of a fluoride anion activating reagent, and then reacting with a compound shown in a formula (2) to generate a compound shown in a formula (1);
the fluoride anion activating reagent is any one of fluoride metal salt and fluoride organic salt or a mixture of fluoride metal salt, fluoride organic salt and crown ether;
the solvent is any one of 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, 1, 4-dioxane, benzene, toluene, xylene, benzotrifluoride, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether;
in the reaction system, the mol ratio range of the compound shown in the formula (2) to the trifluoromethyl thioester shown in the formula (3) and the fluoride anion activating reagent is 1 (1-10): 1-10;
the reaction temperature is 0-50 ℃ and the reaction time is 0.1-12h.
Compared with the existing synthesis method, the synthesis method of the thiofluocarboxylic acid amide has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The reaction substrate adopted by the invention is commercially available, the price of the reaction reagent is low, and the cheap trifluoromethyl thioester is used as a sulfur element and carbon element donor, so that the invention is favorable for wide use;
(2) The synthesis method has mild conditions, can resist air and does not need inert gas protection;
(3) The operation is simple and safe, the reaction does not need the participation of transition metal and toxic gas, and the method is environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples 1-3 are intended primarily to illustrate the applicability of the reaction substrates of the process of the present invention and examples 4-5 are intended primarily to illustrate the broad applicability of the trifluoromethylthio reagent used in the process of the present invention.
Example 1: in this example, 1a was synthesized using the reaction of secondary amine 2a with 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthio ester (S- (trifluoromethyl) 4-chlorofluoromethyl, 3 a):
the reaction equation is:
the synthesis steps are as follows: to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer were added 3a (2 mmol,480 mg) of trifluoromethylthio 4-chlorobenzoate, potassium fluoride (2 mmol,116 mg), 18-crown-6 (2 mmol,528 mg) and 4.0mL of acetonitrile, and after stirring for 5 minutes until the solution became black, 2a (1 mmol,107 mg) was added; the reaction tube was fixed on a magnetic stirrer and reacted at 25℃for 8 hours, after which the structure of the product 1a was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and since it was vulnerable to separation, it was converted into thiocarbamate by using alcohol and then isolated to determine the yield, which was 77%.
Example 2: in this example, 1b was synthesized using the reaction of secondary amine 2b with 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthio ester (S- (trifluoromethyl) 4-chlorofluoromethyl, 3 a):
the reaction equation is:
the synthesis steps are as follows: to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer were added 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthio ester 3a (2 mmol,480 mg), potassium fluoride (2 mmol,116 mg), 18-crown-6 (2 mmol,528 mg) and 4.0mL acetonitrile, and after stirring for 5min or more until the solution became black, 2b (1 mmol, 199mg) was added; the reaction tube was fixed on a magnetic stirrer and reacted at 30℃for 10 hours, after which the structure of the product 1b was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and since it was vulnerable to separation, it was converted into thiocarbamate by alcohol and then isolated to determine the yield, which was 38%.
Example 3: in this example, 1c was synthesized using a reaction of secondary amine 2c with 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthio ester (S- (trifluoromethyl) 4-chlorofluoromethyl, 3 a):
the reaction equation is:
the synthesis steps are as follows: to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer were added 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthio ester 3a (2 mmol,480 mg), potassium fluoride (2 mmol,116 mg), 18-crown-6 (2 mmol,528 mg) and 4.0mL acetonitrile, and after stirring for 5min or more until the solution became black, 2c (1 mmol,137 mg) was added; the reaction tube was fixed on a magnetic stirrer and reacted at 15℃for 6 hours, after which the structure of the product 1c was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and since it was vulnerable to separation, it was converted into thiocarbamate by alcohol and then isolated to determine the yield, which was 74%.
Example 4: in this example, 1a was synthesized using a reaction of secondary amine 2a with trifluoromethylthio 4-phenylbenzoate (S- (trifluoromethyl) [1,1' -biphenyl ] -4-carbomate, 3 b):
the reaction equation is:
the synthesis steps are as follows: to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer were added 3b (2 mmol,564 mg) of trifluoromethylthio 4-phenylbenzoate, potassium fluoride (2 mmol,116 mg), 18-crown-6 (2 mmol,528 mg) and 4.0mL of acetonitrile, and after stirring for 5 minutes until the solution became black, 2a (1 mmol,107 mg) was added; the reaction tube was fixed on a magnetic stirrer and reacted at 25℃for 8 hours, after which the structure of the product 1a was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and since it was vulnerable to separation, it was converted into thiocarbamate by using alcohol, and the yield was determined by separation, and the yield was 75%.
Example 5: in this example, 1a was synthesized using a reaction of secondary amine 2a with trifluoromethylthio laurate (S- (trifluoromethyl) dodecanethioate,3 c):
the reaction equation is:
the synthesis steps are as follows: to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer were added 3c (2 mmol, 618 mg) of trifluoromethylthio laurate, 2mmol,116mg of potassium fluoride, 18-crown-6 (2 mmol,528 mg) and 4.0mL of acetonitrile, and after stirring for 5 minutes or more until the solution became black, 2a (1 mmol,107 mg) was added; the reaction tube was fixed on a magnetic stirrer and reacted at 25℃for 8 hours, after which the structure of the product 1a was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and since it was vulnerable to separation, it was converted into thiocarbamate by using alcohol, and the yield was determined by separation and found to be 55%.