Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel synthetic method of thiofluorocarboxylic acid amide aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the existing synthetic method, and the synthetic method has the advantages of easily obtained synthetic raw materials and a trifluoromethyl sulfide reagent, low cost, safety, simple synthetic process and the like.
The conventional synthesis of thiofluorocarboxylic acid amides requires the use of toxic gases, such as amines, for example, by reaction with fluorothiophosgene. How to realize the safe use of the thiophosgene synthesis in the laboratory has been a problem. Secondly, how to use low-cost reagents for synthesis is also a problem: the synthesis cost of the trifluoromethyl sulfide is low, and the compound has a more suitable scene if the compound can be used for synthesizing the thiofluoro formic acid amide.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a synthetic method of thiofluorocarboxylic acid amide is characterized by comprising the following steps: synthesizing thiofluoro-formic acid amide by taking secondary amine as a reaction substrate and trifluoromethyl thioester as a reaction reagent in the presence of a fluorine anion activating reagent;
the reaction equation is:
in the formula (2), R 1 Is aryl or alkyl, R 2 Is aryl or alkyl;
in the formula (3), R 3 Is aryl orAn alkyl group;
the synthesis process of the compound shown in the formula (1) comprises the following steps: dissolving a compound shown in a formula (3) in a solvent in the presence of a fluorine anion activating reagent, and reacting with a compound shown in a formula (2) to generate a compound shown in a formula (1);
the fluorine anion activating reagent is any one of fluorinated metal salt and fluorinated organic salt or a mixture of the fluorinated metal salt and the fluorinated organic salt and crown ether;
the solvent is any one of 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, 1, 4-dioxane, benzene, toluene, xylene, trifluorotoluene, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether;
in the reaction system, the molar ratio of the compound shown in the formula (2), the trifluromethyl thioester shown in the formula (3) and the fluorine anion activating reagent is 1 (1-10) to 1-10;
the reaction temperature is 0-50 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.1-12h.
Compared with the existing synthesis method, the synthesis method of the thiofluorocarboxylic acid amide has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The reaction substrate adopted by the invention is commercially available, the reaction reagent has low price, and the cheap trifluoromethyl thioester is used as a sulfur element and carbon element donor, so that the method is beneficial to wide application;
(2) The synthesis method has mild conditions, can tolerate air and does not need inert gas protection;
(3) The operation is simple, convenient and safe, the reaction does not need transition metal and toxic gas, and the method is green and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples 1-3 are intended primarily to illustrate the applicability of the reaction substrate for the method of the invention, and examples 4-5 are intended primarily to illustrate the broad applicability of the triflouromethioester reagent used in the method of the invention.
Example 1: in this example, 1a was synthesized by reacting secondary amine 2a with 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthioester (S- (trifluoromethyl) 4-chlorobenzothioate,3 a):
the reaction equation is:
the synthesis steps are as follows: 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthioester 3a (2mmol, 480mg), potassium fluoride (2mmol, 116mg), 18-crown-6 (2mmol, 528mg), and 4.0mL of acetonitrile were added to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer, and after stirring for 5 minutes or more until the solution became black, 2a (1mmol, 107mg) was added; fixing the reaction tube on a magnetic stirrer, reacting for 8 hours at 25 ℃, and identifying the structure of the product 1a by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, wherein the product is easy to lose during separation, so that the yield is determined by separation after the product is converted into thiocarbamate by using alcohols, and the yield is 77%.
Example 2: in this example, 1b was synthesized by reacting secondary amine 2b with 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthioester (S- (trifluoromethyl) 4-chlorobenzothioate,3 a):
the reaction equation is as follows:
the synthesis steps are as follows: 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthioester 3a (2mmol, 480mg), potassium fluoride (2mmol, 116mg), 18-crown-6 (2mmol, 528mg), and 4.0mL of acetonitrile were added to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer, and after stirring for 5 minutes or more until the solution became black, 2b (1mmol, 199mg) was added; fixing the reaction tube on a magnetic stirrer, reacting for 10 hours at 30 ℃, and identifying the structure of the product 1b by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, wherein the product is easy to lose during separation, so that the yield is determined by separation after the product is converted into thiocarbamate by using alcohols, and the yield is 38%.
Example 3: in this example, 1c was synthesized by reacting 2c, a secondary amine, with 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthioester (S- (trifluoromethyl) 4-chlorobenzothioate,3 a):
the reaction equation is:
the synthesis steps are as follows: 4-chlorobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthioester 3a (2mmol, 480mg), potassium fluoride (2mmol, 116mg), 18-crown-6 (2mmol, 528mg), and 4.0mL of acetonitrile were added to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer, and after stirring for 5 minutes or more until the solution became black, 2c (1mmol, 137mg) was added; fixing the reaction tube on a magnetic stirrer, reacting for 6 hours at 15 ℃, and identifying the structure of the product 1c by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, wherein the product is easily lost during separation, so that the yield is determined by separation after the product is converted into thiocarbamate by using alcohols, and the yield is 74%.
Example 4: in this example, the synthesis of 1a:
the reaction equation is:
the synthesis steps are as follows: 4-Benzobenzoic acid trifluoromethylthioester 3b (2mmol, 564mg), potassium fluoride (2mmol, 116mg), 18-crown-6 (2mmol, 528mg) and 4.0mL of acetonitrile were added to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer, and after stirring for 5 minutes or more until the solution became black, 2a (1mmol, 107mg) was added; fixing the reaction tube on a magnetic stirrer, reacting for 8 hours at 25 ℃, and identifying the structure of the product 1a by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer after the reaction is finished, wherein the product is easily lost during separation, so that the yield is determined by separation after the product is converted into thiocarbamate by using alcohols, and the yield is 75%.
Example 5: in this example, 1a was synthesized by reacting secondary amine 2a with lauric acid trifluoromethylthioester (S- (trifluoromethylthio) dodecanethioate,3 c):
the reaction equation is:
the synthesis steps are as follows: adding lauric acid trifluoromethylthioester 3c (2mmol, 568mg), potassium fluoride (2mmol, 116mg), 18-crown-6 (2mmol, 528mg) and 4.0mL of acetonitrile to a 10mL reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer, stirring for 5min or more until the solution turns black, and then adding 2a (1mmol, 107mg); fixing the reaction tube on a magnetic stirrer, reacting for 8 hours at 25 ℃, and identifying the structure of the product 1a by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, wherein the product is easy to lose during separation, so that the yield is determined by separation after the product is converted into thiocarbamate by using alcohols, and the yield is 55%.