CN115923581B - Vehicle-end quick-change power system and method - Google Patents
Vehicle-end quick-change power system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115923581B CN115923581B CN202211439404.1A CN202211439404A CN115923581B CN 115923581 B CN115923581 B CN 115923581B CN 202211439404 A CN202211439404 A CN 202211439404A CN 115923581 B CN115923581 B CN 115923581B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles and discloses a vehicle-end quick-change power system and a method, wherein the system comprises a battery, a vehicle body, a motor, a controller, battery-end locking pins, a vehicle-end locking and unlocking mechanism, a stay wire and a vehicle-end locking and unlocking device, wherein the battery-end locking pins, the vehicle-end locking and unlocking mechanism, the stay wire and the vehicle-end locking and unlocking device are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the battery; the invention can finish quick power exchange or battery disassembly as long as the common tray is arranged on any power exchange station and any occasion without depending on the special power exchange equipment of the power exchange station; and the quick-change mechanism is a clamping type quick-change mechanism, the power change speed is high, the locking reliability is high, and the safety of the whole bag is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a car end quick-change system and a method.
Background
At present, all existing electric automobile power exchange mechanisms need to rely on dedicated power exchange equipment of a power exchange station, namely the power exchange equipment of the power exchange station is bound with a power exchange structure, so that the universality of a power exchange platform is reduced, and the power waste of the power exchange station is caused; at present, battery pack power conversion is mainly divided into modes such as side power conversion and bottom power conversion, a power conversion mechanism is divided into a semi-fixed bolt fastening mode, a ratchet fastening mode, an unlocking connecting rod sliding block mode and other modes, the mechanical life of clamping is longer, but the mechanism is complex, and the locking reliability is poor.
In many quick-change devices, how to arrange in the whole vehicle, especially how to realize synchronous unlocking and control unlocking in the whole vehicle by vehicle-end power change is a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a vehicle-end quick-change system and a vehicle-end quick-change method, which can finish quick power change or battery disassembly only by a common tray in any power change station and any occasion without depending on special power change equipment of the power change station; and the existing vehicle body structure can be used.
The invention relates to a vehicle end quick-change power system and a method, wherein the system comprises a battery, a vehicle body, a motor, a controller, battery end locking pins symmetrically arranged on two sides of the battery, a vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism, a stay wire and a vehicle end locking and unlocking device;
each side of the battery is provided with at least two battery end locking pins, at least two vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms, a stay wire, a battery, a vehicle end locking and unlocking device, a vehicle body, a motor and a controller;
Each car end locking and unlocking mechanism on the same side can be locked with a corresponding battery end locking pin; the battery terminal locking and unlocking mechanism is connected with the battery terminal locking and unlocking mechanism in a linkage mode, and the battery terminal locking and unlocking mechanism is connected with the battery terminal locking and unlocking mechanism in a linkage mode;
the positions of the at least two battery end locking pins on the same side, which correspond to the at least two vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms, are fixed on one side wall of the battery;
at least two vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms on the same side are fixedly arranged on the corresponding vehicle end locking and unlocking devices; the vehicle end locking and unlocking device is fixed on one side of the vehicle body;
the motor and the controller are fixed on the vehicle body, and the end parts of the stay wires on the two sides are respectively connected to the motor and the controller so as to realize the locking and unlocking operation of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism and the battery end locking pin on the two sides.
The vehicle end locking and unlocking device at each side comprises a structural beam, a positioning hole device, a bolt and a displacement sensor; at least two car end locking and unlocking mechanisms are respectively sleeved and fixed on the length direction of the upper end face of the structural beam, the structural beam is fixed on one side of the lower end face of the car body through bolt screwing, a positioning pin is arranged on the lower end face of the structural beam in a downward protruding mode, a positioning hole device is fixed on the side wall of a battery between two battery end locking pins adjacent to the same side, the positioning pin is inserted and fixed on the upper end face of the positioning hole device, and the positioning hole device is arranged so that the car end locking and unlocking mechanism sleeved on the structural beam can be accurately locked and unlocked with the battery end locking pins; the displacement sensor is correspondingly sleeved on the upper end face of the structural beam at the rear end of the first vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism; the displacement sensor, the motor and the controller are electrically connected to the whole vehicle controller.
The vehicle end locking and unlocking device at each side further comprises a sealing cover ring, a cover cap and a dust cover; the sealing cover ring is sleeved at the lower end of each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism and buckled at the lower end face of the structural beam where the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism is located, and the sealing cover ring has the function of preventing foreign matter dust from entering the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism and affecting the locking and unlocking of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism and the battery end locking pin; a manual unlocking hole is formed in the lower end face of the structural beam at the rear end of each car end locking and unlocking mechanism, and the cover cap is correspondingly fixed on the manual unlocking hole; the dust cover is a cuboid containing groove with open side ends, the dust cover covers at least two battery end locking pins and a locating hole device on the corresponding side in the groove body, the open end of the dust cover is fixed on the battery side wall on the corresponding side, missing holes are respectively formed in the upper end face of the dust cover corresponding to the positions of each battery end locking pin and the corresponding locating pin, dust and foreign matters are prevented from adhering to the battery end locking pins and the locating hole device, and therefore the locking and unlocking of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism and the battery end locking pins and the insertion and positioning of the locating pins in the locating hole device are affected.
Each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism comprises a locking and unlocking body, a pair of lock hooks, a pair of first springs, a driving shaft, a pair of mechanical locking and unlocking pins and a first limiting pin; the locking and unlocking body is a quadrangular prism integrally, a longitudinal draw-wire groove is formed in the upper end face of the quadrangular prism, a mechanical pin blind hole is formed in the left side and the right side of the end face of the longitudinal draw-wire groove, an elliptical driving shaft limiting hole is horizontally penetrated between the left side and the right side of the quadrangular prism parallel to the longitudinal draw-wire groove, the driving shaft limiting hole penetrates through the longitudinal draw-wire groove and the pair of mechanical pin blind holes, a locking hook rotating shaft is correspondingly protruded below the left side wall and the right side wall of the quadrangular prism where the driving shaft limiting hole is located, a pair of first springs are respectively contained in the pair of mechanical pin blind holes, a pair of left mechanical locking and unlocking pins are respectively correspondingly contacted with the tail ends of the pair of first springs and are respectively contained in the pair of mechanical pin blind holes, the left lock hook and the right lock hook are respectively connected to the rotating shaft in a rotating mode, the driving shaft sequentially rotates to penetrate through the upper end of the right lock pin, the right mechanical locking and unlocking pin, the left end of the driving shaft limiting hole and the upper end of the right lock hook are respectively inserted and limited and fixed by the first limiting pin, the draw-wire groove is arranged in the same direction, the vertical draw-wire groove is correspondingly hung in the longitudinal draw-wire groove, the longitudinal draw-wire groove and the front of the driving shaft can be horizontally connected with the corresponding to the driving shaft in a pair of locking pins in a sliding mode, and the front of the locking pin can slide mode, and the locking pin can be locked with the corresponding to the upper end of the driving shaft is horizontally and fixed to the end of the locking pin.
Each lock hook is composed of an integrally formed hook handle and a hook body, the hook body is locked with a lock pin at the battery end, a lock hook rotating shaft hole is formed in the connecting portion of the hook handle and the hook body, the lock hook rotating shaft hole is rotatably sleeved on a lock hook rotating shaft, a driving shaft penetrating hole is formed in the upper end of the hook handle, and the driving shaft penetrating hole is rotatably sleeved on the driving shaft.
The drive shaft comprises long cylinder, long cylinder one end terminal surface is equipped with spacing cap, drive shaft spacing perforation has been seted up on the long cylinder other end lateral wall, guy wire fixed orifices has been seted up to long cylinder lateral wall middle part level, spacing cap and the spacing contact of right latch hook upper end lateral surface, first spacer pin is inserted and is closed in the spacing perforation of drive shaft, it is spacing with left latch hook upper end, it wears to establish in being fixed in guy wire fixed orifices to hang the stay wire middle part of locating in vertical guy wire inslot, it has a packing ring to press from both sides respectively to establish on the long cylinder between spacing cap and the right latch hook of drive shaft and between first spacer pin and the left latch hook.
Each mechanical unlocking lock pin is a short cylinder, a through hole is horizontally formed in the side wall of the rear end of the short cylinder, and a driving shaft is rotatably arranged in the through hole in a penetrating mode.
The vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism further comprises a second spring, a lock pin pressing device, a pair of lock pin pressing device limiting blocks, four pressing bolts and a pair of second limiting pins; the locking pin pressing device is integrally a cylinder with an opening at the upper end, and limiting slots of the locking pin pressing device are correspondingly formed in opposite side walls of the cylinder; the locking and unlocking body is provided with a lock pin pressing device accommodating blind hole in an inwards concave manner, and the positions of the front side wall and the rear side wall of the quadrangular prism corresponding to the lock pin pressing device accommodating blind hole are respectively provided with a lock pin pressing device limiting hole and a pressing bolt screwing hole in a matched manner; the second spring is accommodated in a cylinder of the lock pin compressing device, the second spring and the lock pin compressing device are accommodated in a lock pin compressing device accommodating blind hole together, the upper end and the lower end of the second spring are respectively contacted with the inner top wall of the lock pin compressing device accommodating blind hole and the inner bottom wall of the lock pin compressing device, the lock pin compressing device can move up and down in the lock pin compressing device accommodating blind hole, the lower end face of the lock pin compressing device can be contacted with a corresponding battery end lock pin, a limiting pin shaft is arranged on the surface of a lock pin compressing device limiting block in a protruding manner, two ends of the lock pin compressing device limiting block are respectively provided with a fixing hole, limiting pins of a pair of lock pin compressing device limiting blocks respectively penetrate through lock pin compressing device limiting holes on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the quadrangular prism and are respectively accommodated in lock pin compressing device limiting slots of the lock pin compressing device, and a pair of lock pin compressing device limiting blocks are respectively contacted and screwed and fixed with the front side wall and the rear side wall of the quadrangular prism through a compressing bolt; a second limiting pin is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the end part of the rotating shaft of each lock hook in a penetrating way; the inner bottom wall of the lock pin pressing device is provided with a positioning convex column in a protruding mode, and the lower end of the second spring is sleeved on the positioning convex column.
The upper parts of the front side wall and the rear side wall of the locking and unlocking body are respectively horizontally extended with a connecting lug, and the longitudinal wire drawing groove and the pair of mechanical pin blind holes are respectively horizontally extended on the connecting lugs. ; the left side wall and the right side wall of each connecting lug extend horizontally to form a stop block respectively; the upper end face of each stop block is provided with a missing groove downwards, and each missing groove is provided with a connecting hole.
Each battery end lock pin comprises a fixed block and a pin shaft, the fixed block is fixed on the side wall of the battery, and the lower hook bodies of the pair of lock hooks can be synchronously locked on the corresponding pin shafts.
The structure beam is provided with a limiting groove corresponding to each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism, the groove bottom of the limiting groove is respectively provided with a vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism penetrating hole and a manual unlocking hole, the circumferential edge of the lower end surface of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism is seated on the penetrating hole of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism of the limiting groove, the lower part of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism and the lock hook are exposed out of the penetrating hole, the displacement sensor is seated in the limiting groove at the rear end of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism, the displacement sensor is positioned at the position of a blind hole of a left mechanical pin of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism, and the displacement sensor is used for measuring the front-rear displacement of the mechanical unlocking pin to know whether the hook body is locked or unlocked in place; the manual unlocking hole is arranged in a limiting groove at the rear end of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism, and the manual unlocking hole is arranged at the position of a blind hole of a mechanical pin on the right side of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism.
The car end locking and unlocking device of each side further comprises an unlocking rod, the unlocking rod is of a bending rod structure, the upper part of the unlocking rod is horizontally bent towards the right angle of the Y-axis direction to form a Y-axis horizontal bending arm, the front end of the Y-axis horizontal bending arm is horizontally bent towards the right angle of the X-axis direction to form an X-axis horizontal bending arm, the Y-axis horizontal bending arm and the X-axis horizontal bending arm of the unlocking rod penetrate through a manual unlocking hole of the structural beam, the end part of the X-axis horizontal bending arm is sleeved in a mechanical pin blind hole of the car end locking and unlocking mechanism and can be contacted with the tail end of a mechanical locking and unlocking pin which is slidably sleeved in the mechanical pin blind hole, when a system fails, and a battery cannot be electrically dismounted, the car end locking and unlocking mechanism can be mechanically unlocked by inserting the unlocking rod into the mechanical pin blind hole.
Principle of operation
Firstly, placing a second spring into a lock pin pressing device accommodating blind hole, then placing the lock pin pressing device into the lock pin pressing device accommodating blind hole, then respectively placing limiting pins of a pair of lock pin pressing device limiting blocks into corresponding lock pin pressing device limiting holes, and simultaneously screwing four pressing bolts into four pressing bolt screwing holes;
respectively placing the first springs into the mechanical pin blind holes, and then respectively placing the mechanical locking and unlocking pins into the mechanical pin blind holes;
Placing a gasket on a driving shaft, assembling a lock hook rotating shaft hole on one lock hook on a lock hook rotating shaft on one side, enabling an assembly with the gasket of the driving shaft to pass through a driving shaft penetrating hole, then pass through a driving shaft limiting hole on one side, simultaneously pass through a through hole, further pass through a driving shaft limiting hole on the other side, then assembling the other lock hook on the lock hook rotating shaft on the other side, simultaneously enabling the assembly with the gasket of the driving shaft to pass through the other driving shaft penetrating hole, placing the other gasket on the driving shaft after passing through, then placing a first limiting pin on the driving shaft limiting through hole, and branching the first limiting pin to realize the limiting function, and then placing a second limiting pin on a hole on the side wall of the end part of the lock hook rotating shaft respectively;
The stay wire penetrates into the stay wire fixing hole and is placed in the longitudinal stay wire groove, and is placed in the longitudinal stay wire groove to realize guiding so as to realize that the stay wire is pulled along the guiding groove in the longitudinal stay wire groove;
the battery end lock pin is fixed on the battery, and is clamped with the lock hook through the lock pin pressing device, so that the hook is limited in the Z direction;
the tray is used for contacting the bottom end of the battery in the power exchange station, and then the tray slightly moves upwards, so that the pin shaft drives the lock pin pressing device to slightly move upwards to release the contact with the hook body, the pull wire is pulled, the hook bodies of all the lock hooks rotate anticlockwise, the vertical limit of the pin shaft is released, the tray moves downwards, the battery is driven to move downwards, and the purpose of withdrawing the battery with the power shortage is realized; the purpose of replacing the full-charge battery can be achieved by reversing the operation;
The Z-direction hanging limiting method comprises the following steps: the battery end lock pin realizes upward movement in the Z direction through the hook body, and downward movement in the Z direction is realized through downward compression of the lower end surface of the lock pin compression device and the second spring;
the principle of the device X-direction limiting battery end locking pin is as follows: through the fact that the angle alpha of the lower end face of the lock pin pressing device is in the range of 5-10 degrees, and meanwhile the hook body angle beta is matched with the angle alpha of 5-10 degrees, the fact that the angle alpha and the angle beta face opposite directions is achieved, the fact that the battery end lock pin is wrapped in the range of the angle alpha and the angle beta is achieved, and locking in the X direction is achieved;
The Y-direction limit of the device is realized by another device, and the X-direction and the Z-direction are both within the protection range as long as the X-direction and the Z-direction are the same as the method.
A method for replacing a battery of a vehicle-end quick-change system comprises a locking process and an unlocking process;
The locking process comprises the following steps:
S1, a station end tray enters the bottom of a battery;
s2, driving the battery to move upwards by the tray;
s3, positioning the battery and the vehicle body, and simultaneously driving the lock hook to be opened by the stay wire;
s4, the tray drives the battery to continue to move;
S5, after the tray moves to the state that the battery is in contact with the vehicle end and is fed back forcefully, the lock hook is closed and is in a locking state, meanwhile, the displacement sensor acts and sends signals to the whole vehicle controller, the whole vehicle controller judges that the vehicle and the battery are in a combined state, and the whole vehicle controller judges that the vehicle has a Ready condition;
S6, at the moment, the tray leaves the bottom of the battery to lock the battery;
The unlocking process comprises the following steps:
s101, a station end tray enters the bottom of a vehicle battery;
S201, compressing the tray and the battery and providing upward pressure;
s301, a stay wire drives a lock hook to open, and meanwhile, a displacement sensor acts and sends an instruction to a whole vehicle controller, and the whole vehicle controller judges that a vehicle and a battery are in a separated state, so that the vehicle can not be Ready;
S401, driving the battery to move downwards by the tray;
S501, the tray drives the battery to be separated from the vehicle.
When the locking process is in step S3 or the unlocking process is in step S301, and the system fails and the pull wire cannot drive the lock hook to open, the unlocking rod is inserted into the blind hole of the mechanical pin to mechanically unlock the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism, so that steps S4-S6 of the locking process or steps S401-S501 of the unlocking process are continuously executed.
Advantageous effects
The invention can finish quick power exchange or battery disassembly as long as the common tray is arranged on any power exchange station and any occasion without depending on the special power exchange equipment of the power exchange station; and the quick-change mechanism is a clamping type quick-change mechanism, the power change speed is high, the locking reliability is high, and the safety of the whole bag is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall system architecture of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a vehicle-end quick-change system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of the vehicle-end quick-change system according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the vehicle-end quick-change system according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of the vehicle-end quick-change system according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of the vehicle-end quick-change system according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a second spring structure of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a latch hold down device of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a latch hold down device according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a stopper structure of the locking pin compressing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the construction of the hold-down bolt of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a schematic view of a latch hook according to the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a first spring structure of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of the drive shaft of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a schematic view of a second stop pin according to the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the first stop pin according to the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a schematic view of the mechanical locking and unlocking pin structure of the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic view of the gasket structure of the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram showing an exploded structure of the end lock/unlock mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram showing an exploded structure of the end lock/unlock mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of the working principle of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism.
Fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a working principle of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism.
Fig. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of the working principle of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism.
Fig. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of the working principle of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism.
Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of the locking process of the present invention.
Fig. 29 is a schematic diagram of an unlocking process of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. A battery end locking pin; 1.1, a fixed block; 1.2, a pin shaft;
2. The vehicle end is provided with an unlocking mechanism; 2.1, locking and unlocking the body; 2.1.1, longitudinal wire drawing grooves; 2.1.2, mechanical pin blind holes; 2.1.3, drive shaft limiting holes; 2.1.4, latch hook rotation axis; 2.1.5, the lock pin pressing device is accommodated in the blind hole; 2.1.6, limiting holes of the locking pin pressing device; 2.1.7, a compression bolt screwing hole; 2.1.8, engagement bumps; 2.1.9, stop blocks; 2.1.10, missing slots; 2.1.11, a connecting hole; 2.2, locking hook; 2.2.1, shank; 2.2.2, a hook body; 2.2.3, a latch hook rotating shaft hole; 2.2.4, a driving shaft is provided with a hole in a penetrating way; 2.3, a first spring; 2.4, driving shaft; 2.4.1, limit caps; 2.4.2, limiting perforation of the driving shaft; 2.4.3, stay wire fixing holes; 2.5, mechanically unlocking the lock pin; 2.5.1, perforation; 2.6, a first limiting pin; 2.7, a second spring; 2.8, a lock pin pressing device; 2.8.1, limiting slotted holes of the locking pin pressing device; 2.8.2, positioning convex columns; 2.9, a limiting block of the locking pin pressing device; 2.9.1, limiting pin shafts; 2.9.2, fixing holes; 2.10, a compression bolt; 2.11, a second limiting pin; 2.12, washers;
3. a pull wire;
4. a battery;
5. The vehicle end is provided with an unlocking device; 5.1, structural beams; 5.1.1, locating pins; 5.1.2, manually unlocking the hole; 5.1.3, limiting grooves; 5.1.4, perforating holes; 5.2, positioning hole devices; 5.3, bolts; 5.4, a displacement sensor; 5.5, sealing the shroud; 5.6, a cover cap; 5.7, a dust cover; 5.7.1, missing holes; 5.8, unlocking the rod; 5.8.1, Y-axis horizontal bending arms; 5.8.2, X-axis horizontal bending arms;
6. a vehicle body;
7. A motor and a controller;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical scheme adopted and the technical effects achieved by the invention more clear, the technical scheme of the invention is further described below by a specific embodiment in combination with the attached drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the drawings related to the present invention are shown.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Wherein the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixed or removable, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-27, a vehicle-end quick-change power system comprises a battery 4, a vehicle body 6, a motor, a controller 7, battery-end locking pins 1, a vehicle-end locking and unlocking mechanism 2, a stay wire 3 and a vehicle-end locking and unlocking device 5, wherein the battery-end locking pins 1, the vehicle-end locking and unlocking mechanism 2, the stay wire 3 and the vehicle-end locking and unlocking device 5 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the battery 4;
Each side of the battery 4 is provided with five battery end locking pins 1, five vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms 2, a stay wire 3 and a vehicle end locking and unlocking device 5;
Each car end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 on the same side can be locked with the corresponding battery end locking pin 1; each car end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 is fixedly connected to a stay wire 3 on the same side, and the stay wire 3 controls the five car end locking and unlocking mechanisms 2 to lock and unlock the battery end lock pin 1 in a linkage manner;
The positions of the five battery end locking pins 1 on the same side, corresponding to the five vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms 2, are fixed on the side wall of one side of the battery 4;
The five car end locking and unlocking mechanisms 2 on the same side are fixedly arranged on the corresponding car end locking and unlocking devices 5; the vehicle end locking and unlocking device 5 is fixed on one side of the vehicle body 6;
the motor and the controller 7 are fixed on the car body 6, and the end parts of the stay wires 3 on the two sides are respectively connected to the motor and the controller 7 so as to realize the locking and unlocking operation of the car end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 and the battery end locking pin 1 on the two sides.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the vehicle end locking and unlocking device 5 at each side comprises a structural beam 5.1, a locating hole device 5.2, a bolt 5.3 and a displacement sensor 5.4; five car end locking and unlocking mechanisms 2 are respectively sleeved and fixed on the length direction of the upper end face of the structural beam 5.1, the structural beam 5.1 is fixedly screwed on one side of the lower end face of the car body 6 through bolts 5.3, positioning pins 5.1.1 are downwards arranged on the lower end face of the structural beam 5.1 in a protruding mode, positioning hole devices 5.2 are fixed on the side wall of a battery 4 between two battery end locking pins 1 adjacent to the same side, the positioning pins 5.1.1 are fixedly inserted on the upper end face of the positioning hole devices 5.2 in a plugging mode, and the positioning hole devices 5.2 are arranged so that the car end locking and unlocking mechanisms 2 sleeved on the structural beam 5.1 can be accurately locked and unlocked with the battery end locking pins 1; the displacement sensor 5.4 is correspondingly sleeved on the upper end face of the structural beam 5.1 at the rear end of the first vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2; the displacement sensor 5.4, the motor and the controller 7 are electrically connected to the whole vehicle controller.
The vehicle end locking and unlocking device 5 at each side further comprises a sealing cover ring 5.5, a cover cap 5.6 and a dust cover 5.7; the sealing cover ring 5.5 is sleeved at the lower end of each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 and buckled at the lower end face of the structural beam 5.1 where the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 is positioned, and has the function of preventing foreign matter dust from entering the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms 2 and affecting the locking and unlocking of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms 2 and the battery end locking pins 1; a manual unlocking hole 5.1.2 is formed in the lower end face of the structural beam 5.1 at the rear end of each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2, and a cover cap 5.6 is correspondingly fixed on the manual unlocking hole 5.1.2; the dust cover 5.7 is a cuboid containing groove with open side ends, the dust cover 5.7 covers the five battery end locking pins 1 and the locating hole devices 5.2 on the corresponding side in the groove body, the open end of the dust cover 5.7 is fixed on the side wall of the battery 4 on the corresponding side, the upper end face of the dust cover 5.7 is provided with missing holes 5.7.1 corresponding to the position of each battery end locking pin 1 and the position corresponding to the locating pin 5.1.1, and the dust cover 5.7 is used for preventing dust and foreign matters from adhering to the battery end locking pins 1 and the locating hole devices 5.2, so that the locking and unlocking of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 and the battery end locking pins 1 and the insertion and positioning of the locating pins 5.1.1 in the locating hole devices 5.2 are affected.
Referring to fig. 6-27, each of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms 2 comprises a locking and unlocking body 2.1, a pair of locking hooks 2.2, a pair of first springs 2.3, a driving shaft 2.4, a pair of mechanical locking and unlocking pins 2.5 and a first limiting pin 2.6; the locking and unlocking body 2.1 is a quadrangular prism body, the upper end surface of the locking and unlocking body is provided with a longitudinal drawing groove 2.1.1, the left side and the right side of the end surface of the longitudinal drawing groove 2.1.1 of the front side wall of the quadrangular prism body are respectively provided with a mechanical pin blind hole 2.1.2, an elliptical driving shaft limiting hole 2.1.3 horizontally penetrates through the left side wall and the right side wall of the quadrangular prism body parallel to the longitudinal drawing groove 2.1.1, the driving shaft limiting hole 2.1.3 penetrates through the longitudinal drawing groove 2.1.1 and the pair of mechanical pin blind holes 2.1.2 respectively, the lower parts of the left side wall and the right side wall of the quadrangular prism body where the driving shaft limiting hole 2.1.3 is positioned are respectively correspondingly provided with a locking hook rotating shaft 2.1.4 in a protruding mode, a pair of first springs 2.3 are respectively accommodated in the pair of mechanical pin blind holes 2.1.2, a pair of left and right mechanical unlocking pins 2.5 are respectively correspondingly contacted with the tail ends of the pair of first springs 2.3 respectively and are respectively accommodated in the pair of mechanical pin blind holes 2.1.2, the left and right pair of latch hooks 2.2 are respectively and rotatably connected to the latch hook rotating shafts 2.1.4, the driving shaft 2.4 sequentially rotates to pass through the upper end of the right latch hook 2.2, the right end of the driving shaft limiting hole 2.1.3, the right mechanical unlocking pin 2.5, the longitudinal wire drawing groove 2.1.1, the left mechanical unlocking pin 2.5, the left end of the driving shaft limiting hole 2.1.3 and the upper end of the right latch hook 2.2, the left end of the driving shaft 2.4 is inserted and limited and fixed by the first limiting pin 2.6, the wire drawing 3 is suspended in the longitudinal wire drawing groove 2.1.1 in the same direction, the middle part of the wire drawing 3 is vertically and fixedly connected with the driving shaft 2.4 exposed in the longitudinal wire drawing groove 2.1.1, the driving shaft 2.4 can horizontally slide forwards and backwards along the length direction of the driving shaft limiting hole 2.1.3, the pair of latch hooks 2.2 respectively rotate synchronously by taking the pair of latch hook rotating shafts 2.1.4 as shafts, and the lower hook bodies of the pair of latch hooks 2.2.2 can be locked with the same battery end 1 respectively.
Each lock hook 2.2 is composed of an integrally formed hook handle 2.2.1 and a hook body 2.2.2, the hook body 2.2.2 is locked with the battery end lock pin 1, a lock hook rotating shaft hole 2.2.3 is formed in the connecting part of the hook handle 2.2.1 and the hook body 2.2.2, the lock hook rotating shaft hole 2.2.3 is rotatably sleeved on the lock hook rotating shaft 2.1.4, a driving shaft penetrating hole 2.2.4 is formed in the upper end of the hook handle 2.2.1, and the driving shaft penetrating hole 2.2.4 is rotatably sleeved on the driving shaft 2.4.
The driving shaft 2.4 is composed of a long cylinder, a limiting cap 2.4.1 is arranged on the end face of one end of the long cylinder, a driving shaft limiting perforation 2.4.2 is arranged on the side wall of the other end of the long cylinder, a stay wire fixing hole 2.4.3 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the side wall of the long cylinder, the limiting cap 2.4.1 is in limiting contact with the outer side face of the upper end of the right lock hook 2.2, a first limiting pin 2.6 is inserted into the driving shaft limiting perforation 2.4.2, the upper end of the left lock hook 2.2 is limited, the middle of a stay wire 3 suspended in a longitudinal stay wire groove 2.1.1 is fixedly arranged in the stay wire fixing hole 2.4.3 in a penetrating mode, and a gasket 2.12 is respectively clamped and sleeved on the long cylinder between the limiting cap 2.4.1 and the right lock hook 2.2 of the driving shaft 2.4 and between the first limiting pin 2.6 and the left lock hook 2.2.
Each mechanical locking and unlocking pin 2.5 is a short cylinder, a through hole 2.5.1 is horizontally formed in the side wall of the rear end of the short cylinder, and a driving shaft 2.4 is rotatably arranged in the through hole 2.5.1 in a penetrating manner.
The vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 further comprises a second spring 2.7, a lock pin pressing device 2.8, a pair of lock pin pressing device limiting blocks 2.9, four pressing bolts 2.10 and a pair of second limiting pins 2.11; the whole lock pin pressing device 2.8 is a cylinder with an opening at the upper end, and the opposite side walls of the cylinder are correspondingly provided with lock pin pressing device limiting slots 2.8.1; the lower end surface of the locking and unlocking body 2.1 is provided with a lock pin pressing device accommodating blind hole 2.1.5 in an inwards concave manner, and the positions of the front side wall and the rear side wall of the quadrangular prism corresponding to the lock pin pressing device accommodating blind hole 2.1.5 are respectively matched with a lock pin pressing device limiting hole 2.1.6 and a pressing bolt screwing hole 2.1.7; the second spring 2.7 is accommodated in a cylinder of the lock pin compressing device 2.8, the second spring 2.7 and the lock pin compressing device 2.8 are jointly accommodated in a lock pin compressing device accommodating blind hole 2.1.5, the upper end and the lower end of the second spring 2.7 are respectively contacted with the inner top wall of the lock pin compressing device accommodating blind hole 2.1.5 and the inner bottom wall of the lock pin compressing device 2.8, the lock pin compressing device 2.8 can move up and down in the lock pin compressing device accommodating blind hole 2.1.5, the lower end face of the lock pin compressing device 2.8 can be contacted with a corresponding battery end lock pin 1, the surface of a lock pin compressing device limiting block 2.9 is provided with a limiting pin shaft 2.9.1 in a protruding manner, two ends of the lock pin compressing device limiting block 2.9 are respectively provided with a fixing hole 2.9.2, the limiting pins 2.9.1 of a pair of lock pin compressing device limiting blocks 2.9 respectively penetrate through lock pin limiting holes 2.1.6 on the front side wall and the rear side wall of a quadrangular prism, and are respectively accommodated in the lock pin compressing device limiting pin 2.8.1.1 of the lock pin compressing device 2.8, the pair of lock pin compressing devices can be contacted with the front side wall of the lock pin compressing device 2.9 through the front side wall and rear side wall of the quadrangular prism respectively; a second limiting pin 2.11 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the end part of each lock hook rotating shaft 2.1.4 in a penetrating way; the inner bottom wall of the lock pin pressing device 2.8 is provided with a positioning convex column 2.8.2 in a protruding mode, and the lower end of the second spring 2.7 is sleeved on the positioning convex column 2.8.2.
The upper parts of the front side wall and the rear side wall of the locking and unlocking body 2.1 are respectively horizontally extended with a connecting lug 2.1.8, and the longitudinal pull wire groove 2.1.1 and the pair of mechanical pin blind holes 2.1.2 are respectively horizontally extended on the connecting lug 2.1.8; the left and right side walls of each engagement projection 2.1.8 extend horizontally out of the stop 2.1.9; the upper end surface of each stop 2.1.9 is provided with a missing groove 2.1.10 downwards, and each missing groove 2.1.10 is provided with a connecting hole 2.1.11.
Each battery end locking pin 1 comprises a fixed block 1.1 and a pin shaft 1.2, the fixed block 1.1 is fixed on the side wall of the battery 4, and the lower hook bodies of the pair of locking hooks 2.2 can be synchronously locked on the corresponding pin shafts 1.2.
Referring to fig. 2-5, a limiting groove 5.1.3 is arranged on the structural beam 5.1 corresponding to each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2, a through hole 5.1.4 of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 and a manual unlocking hole 5.1.2 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the limiting groove 5.1.3, the circumferential edge of the lower end surface of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 is seated on the through hole 5.1.4 of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 of the limiting groove 5.1.3, the lower part of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 and the lock hook 2.2 are exposed out of the through hole 5.1.4, a displacement sensor 5.4 is seated in the limiting groove 5.1.3 at the rear end of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2, and the displacement sensor 5.4 is positioned at the position of a blind hole 2.1.2 of a left mechanical pin of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2, and the function is to measure the front and rear displacement of the mechanical unlocking pin 2.5, so as to know whether the hook body 2.2.2 is locked or unlocked in place; the manual unlocking hole 5.1.2 is arranged in a limit groove 5.1.3 at the rear end of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2, and the manual unlocking hole 5.1.2 is arranged at the position of a mechanical pin blind hole 2.1.2 positioned at the right side of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism 2.
The car end locking and unlocking device 5 at each side further comprises an unlocking rod 5.8, the unlocking rod 5.8 is of a bending rod structure, the upper part of the unlocking rod 5.8 is horizontally bent towards the right angle in the Y-axis direction to form a Y-axis horizontal bending arm 5.8.1, the front end of the Y-axis horizontal bending arm 5.8.1 is horizontally bent towards the right angle in the X-axis direction to form an X-axis horizontal bending arm 5.8.2, the Y-axis horizontal bending arm 5.8.1 and the X-axis horizontal bending arm 5.8.2 of the unlocking rod 5.8 penetrate through a manual unlocking hole 5.1.2 of the structural beam 5.1, and the end part of the X-axis horizontal bending arm 5.8.2 is sleeved in a mechanical pin blind hole 2.1.2 of the car end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 and can be contacted with the tail end of a mechanical locking and unlocking pin 2.5 which is slidably sleeved in the mechanical pin blind hole 2.1.2, when a system fails, the battery 4 can not be removed electrically, and the car end locking and unlocking mechanism 2 can be unlocked mechanically by inserting the mechanical pin 5.8 into the mechanical blind hole 2.1.2 by using the unlocking rod 5.8.
Principle of operation
Referring to fig. 6 to 27, first, the second spring 2.7 is placed in the blind hole 2.1.5 for accommodating the lock pin pressing device, then the lock pin pressing device 2.8 is placed in the blind hole 2.1.5 for accommodating the lock pin pressing device, then the limiting pins 2.9.1 of the pair of limiting pins 2.9 of the lock pin pressing device are respectively placed in the corresponding limiting holes 2.1.6 of the lock pin pressing device, and four pressing bolts 2.10 are simultaneously screwed into four pressing bolt screwing holes 2.1.7;
2 first springs 2.3 are respectively placed in 2 mechanical pin blind holes 2.1.2, and then 2 mechanical locking and unlocking pins 2.5 are respectively placed in the mechanical pin blind holes 2.1.2;
placing one gasket 2.12 on a driving shaft 2.4, then assembling a lock hook rotating shaft hole 2.2.3 on one lock hook 2.2 on one side of the lock hook rotating shaft 2.1.4, then placing the assembly of the driving shaft 2.4 with the gasket 2.12 on the driving shaft through the driving shaft penetrating hole 2.2.4, then penetrating into a driving shaft limiting hole 2.1.3 on one side of the lock shaft, simultaneously penetrating into 2 through holes 2.5.1, further penetrating into the driving shaft limiting hole 2.1.3 on the other side of the lock shaft, then assembling the other lock hook 2.2 on the lock hook rotating shaft 2.1.4 on the other side of the lock hook, simultaneously penetrating the assembly of the driving shaft 2.4 with the gasket 2.12 on the other driving shaft through the other driving shaft penetrating hole 2.2.4, placing the other gasket 2.12 on the driving shaft 2.4 after penetrating, then placing the first limiting pin 2.6 on the driving shaft limiting hole 2.4.2, branching the first limiting pin 2.6 to realize the limiting function, and then placing 2 second limiting pins 2.1.11 on the side of the side walls of the side of the lock hook on the end parts of the rotating shaft 2.1.4 respectively;
the stay wire 3 penetrates through the stay wire fixing hole 2.4.3 and is placed in the longitudinal stay wire groove 2.1.1, and is placed in the longitudinal stay wire groove 2.1.1 to realize guiding so as to realize pulling of the stay wire 3 along a guiding groove in the longitudinal stay wire groove 2.1.1;
the battery end lock pin 1 is fixed on the battery 4, wherein the battery end lock pin 1 is clamped with the lock hook 2.2 through the lock pin pressing device 2.8, so that the hook is limited in the Z direction;
The tray is used for contacting the bottom end of the battery 4 in the power exchange station, and then the tray is slightly moved upwards, so that the pin shaft 1.2 drives the lock pin pressing device 2.8 to slightly move upwards to release the contact with the hook body 2.2.2, the pull wire 3 is pulled, the hook bodies 2.2.2 of all the lock hooks 2.2 rotate anticlockwise, the vertical limit of the pin shaft 1.2 is released, the tray moves downwards, the battery 4 is driven to move downwards, and the purpose of removing the battery with insufficient power is realized; the purpose of replacing the full-charge battery can be achieved by reversing the operation;
The Z-direction hanging limiting method comprises the following steps: the battery end lock pin 1 realizes upward movement in the Z direction through the hook body 2.2.2, and downward movement in the Z direction is realized through downward compression of the lower end surface of the lock pin compression device 2.8 and the second spring 2.7;
The principle of the device X-direction limiting battery end lock pin 1 is as follows: through the fact that the angle alpha of the lower end face of the lock pin pressing device 2.8 is in the range of 5-10 degrees, and meanwhile, the angle beta of the hook body 2.2.2 is matched with the range of 5-10 degrees, the fact that the angle alpha and the angle beta face opposite directions is achieved, the fact that the battery end lock pin 1 is wrapped in the range of the angle alpha and the angle beta is achieved, and locking in the X direction is achieved;
The Y-direction limit of the device is realized by another device, and the X-direction and the Z-direction are both within the protection range as long as the X-direction and the Z-direction are the same as the method.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 28 to 29, a method for replacing a battery of a car-end quick-change system includes a locking process and an unlocking process;
The locking process comprises the following steps:
S1, a station end tray enters the bottom of a battery;
s2, driving the battery to move upwards by the tray;
s3, positioning the battery and the vehicle body, and simultaneously driving the lock hook to be opened by the stay wire;
s4, the tray drives the battery to continue to move;
S5, after the tray moves to the state that the battery is in contact with the vehicle end and is fed back forcefully, the lock hook is closed and is in a locking state, meanwhile, the displacement sensor acts and sends signals to the whole vehicle controller, the whole vehicle controller judges that the vehicle and the battery are in a combined state, and the whole vehicle controller judges that the vehicle has a Ready condition;
S6, at the moment, the tray leaves the bottom of the battery to lock the battery;
The unlocking process comprises the following steps:
s101, a station end tray enters the bottom of a vehicle battery;
S201, compressing the tray and the battery and providing upward pressure;
s301, a stay wire drives a lock hook to open, and meanwhile, a displacement sensor acts and sends an instruction to a whole vehicle controller, and the whole vehicle controller judges that a vehicle and a battery are in a separated state, so that the vehicle can not be Ready;
S401, driving the battery to move downwards by the tray;
S501, the tray drives the battery to be separated from the vehicle.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 5 and fig. 28 to fig. 29, a method for replacing a battery of a car-end quick-change system is different from embodiment 2 in that, when a locking process is in step S3 or an unlocking process is in step S301, and a system fails, a pull wire cannot drive a latch hook to open, a first car-end locking and unlocking mechanism can be mechanically unlocked by inserting an unlocking rod into a mechanical pin blind hole, so as to continue to execute steps S4 to S6 of the locking process or steps S401 to S501 of the unlocking process.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1.A car end quick-change power system is characterized in that: the vehicle end locking and unlocking device comprises a battery (4), a vehicle body (6), a motor and controller (7), battery end locking pins (1), a vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2), a stay wire (3) and a vehicle end locking and unlocking device (5), wherein the battery end locking pins (1), the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2), the stay wire (3) and the vehicle end locking and unlocking device are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the battery (4); each side of the battery (4) is provided with at least two battery end locking pins (1), at least two vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms (2), a stay wire (3) and a vehicle end locking and unlocking device (5); each car end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) on the same side can be locked with a corresponding battery end locking pin (1); each car end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) is fixedly connected to a stay wire (3) on the same side respectively, and the stay wire (3) controls at least two car end locking and unlocking mechanisms (2) to lock and unlock the battery end lock pin (1) in a linkage manner; the positions of at least two battery end locking pins (1) on the same side, corresponding to at least two vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms (2), are fixed on one side wall of the battery (4); at least two vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanisms (2) on the same side are fixedly arranged on corresponding vehicle end locking and unlocking devices (5); the vehicle end locking and unlocking device (5) is fixed on one side of the vehicle body (6); the motor and the controller (7) are fixed on the vehicle body (6), and the end parts of the stay wires (3) at the two sides are respectively connected to the motor and the controller (7); the vehicle end locking and unlocking device (5) at each side comprises a structural beam (5.1), a positioning hole device (5.2), a bolt (5.3) and a displacement sensor (5.4); at least two car end locking and unlocking mechanisms (2) are respectively sleeved and fixed on the length direction of the upper end face of the structural beam (5.1), the structural beam (5.1) is fixedly connected to one side of the lower end face of the car body (6) through bolts (5.3) in a threaded mode, positioning pins (5.1.1) are downwards protruding from the lower end face of the structural beam (5.1), positioning hole devices (5.2) are fixed on the side wall of a battery (4) between two battery end locking pins (1) adjacent to the same side, and the positioning pins (5.1.1) are fixedly inserted on the upper end face of the positioning hole devices (5.2) in a plugging mode; the displacement sensor (5.4) is correspondingly sleeved on the upper end face of the structural beam (5.1) at the rear end of the first vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2); the displacement sensor (5.4) and the motor and controller (7) are electrically connected to the whole vehicle controller; the vehicle end locking and unlocking device (5) at each side further comprises a sealing cover ring (5.5), a cover cap (5.6) and a dust cover (5.7); the sealing cover ring (5.5) is sleeved at the lower end of each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) and buckled at the lower end face of the structural beam (5.1) where the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) is located; a manual unlocking hole (5.1.2) is formed in the lower end face of a structural beam (5.1) at the rear end of each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2), and a cover cap (5.6) is correspondingly fixed on the manual unlocking hole (5.1.2); The dustproof cover (5.7) is a cuboid containing groove with open side ends, the dustproof cover (5.7) covers at least two battery end locking pins (1) and locating hole devices (5.2) on the corresponding side in the groove body, the open end of the dustproof cover (5.7) is fixed on the side wall of the battery (4) on the corresponding side, and the upper end face of the dustproof cover (5.7) is provided with missing holes (5.7.1) corresponding to the positions of the battery end locking pins (1) and the locating pins (5.1.1) respectively; each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) comprises a locking and unlocking body (2.1), a pair of lock hooks (2.2), a pair of first springs (2.3), a driving shaft (2.4), a pair of mechanical locking and unlocking pins (2.5) and a first limiting pin (2.6); The locking and unlocking body (2.1) is a quadrangular prism integrally, a longitudinal drawing groove (2.1.1) is formed in the upper end face of the locking and unlocking body, a mechanical pin blind hole (2.1.2) is formed in the left side and the right side of the end face of the longitudinal drawing groove (2.1.1) of the front side wall of the quadrangular prism respectively, an oval driving shaft limiting hole (2.1.3) is horizontally penetrated between the left side wall and the right side wall of the quadrangular prism parallel to the longitudinal drawing groove (2.1.1), the driving shaft limiting hole (2.1.3) penetrates through the longitudinal drawing groove (2.1.1) and the pair of mechanical pin blind holes (2.1.2) respectively, a locking hook rotating shaft (2.1.4) is correspondingly protruded below the left side wall and the right side wall of the quadrangular prism where the driving shaft limiting hole (2.1.3) is located respectively, The pair of first springs (2.3) are respectively accommodated in the pair of mechanical pin blind holes (2.1.2), the left and right pair of mechanical locking and unlocking pins (2.5) are respectively correspondingly contacted with the tail ends of the pair of first springs (2.3) and are respectively accommodated in the pair of mechanical pin blind holes (2.1.2), the left and right pair of lock hooks (2.2) are respectively connected to the lock hook rotating shafts (2.1.4) in a rotating way, the driving shaft (2.4) sequentially rotates to pass through the upper end of the right lock hook (2.2), the right end of the driving shaft limiting hole (2.1.3), the right mechanical locking and unlocking pin (2.5), the longitudinal wire slot (2.1.1), the left mechanical locking and unlocking pin (2.5), the left end of the driving shaft limiting hole (2.1.3) and the upper end of the right lock hook (2.2), the left end of the driving shaft (2.4) is inserted, limited and fixed by a first limiting pin (2.6), the pull wire (3) is suspended in the longitudinal pull wire groove (2.1.1) in the same direction, the middle part of the pull wire (3) is vertically and fixedly connected with the driving shaft (2.4) exposed in the longitudinal pull wire groove (2.1.1), the driving shaft (2.4) can horizontally slide forwards and backwards along the length direction of the driving shaft limiting hole (2.1.3), a pair of lock hooks (2.2) synchronously rotate by taking a pair of lock hook rotating shafts (2.1.4) as shafts, and the lower hook bodies of the pair of lock hooks (2.2) are locked with the corresponding positions of the same battery end lock pin (1) respectively; Each lock hook (2.2) is composed of an integrally formed hook handle (2.2.1) and a hook body (2.2.2), the hook body (2.2.2) is locked with a lock pin (1) at a battery end, a lock hook rotating shaft hole (2.2.3) is formed in the connecting part of the hook handle (2.2.1) and the hook body (2.2.2), the lock hook rotating shaft hole (2.2.3) is rotatably sleeved on the lock hook rotating shaft (2.1.4), a drive shaft penetrating hole (2.2.4) is formed in the upper end of the hook handle (2.2.1), and the drive shaft penetrating hole (2.2.4) is rotatably sleeved on the drive shaft (2.4); The driving shaft (2.4) is composed of a long cylinder, a limiting cap (2.4.1) is arranged on the end face of one end of the long cylinder, a driving shaft limiting perforation (2.4.2) is arranged on the side wall of the other end of the long cylinder, a stay wire fixing hole (2.4.3) is horizontally arranged in the middle of the side wall of the long cylinder, the limiting cap (2.4.1) is in limiting contact with the outer side face of the upper end of the right lock hook (2.2), a first limiting pin (2.6) is inserted into the driving shaft limiting perforation (2.4.2), the upper end of the left lock hook (2.2) is limited, the middle part of a stay wire (3) suspended in the longitudinal stay wire groove (2.1.1) is fixedly penetrated in the stay wire fixing hole (2.4.3), A gasket (2.12) is respectively clamped and sleeved on the long cylinder between the limit cap (2.4.1) of the driving shaft (2.4) and the right lock hook (2.2) and between the first limit pin (2.6) and the left lock hook (2.2); Each mechanical locking and unlocking pin (2.5) is a short cylinder, a through hole (2.5.1) is horizontally formed in the side wall of the rear end of the short cylinder, and a driving shaft (2.4) is rotatably arranged in the through hole (2.5.1) in a penetrating manner; the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) further comprises a second spring (2.7), a lock pin pressing device (2.8), a pair of lock pin pressing device limiting blocks (2.9), four pressing bolts (2.10) and a pair of second limiting pins (2.11); the lock pin pressing device (2.8) is a cylinder with an opening at the upper end, and the opposite side walls of the cylinder are correspondingly provided with limit slots (2.8.1) of the lock pin pressing device; The locking and unlocking body (2.1) is provided with a lock pin pressing device accommodating blind hole (2.1.5) in an inwards concave manner, and the positions of the front side wall and the rear side wall of the quadrangular prism corresponding to the lock pin pressing device accommodating blind hole (2.1.5) are respectively matched with a lock pin pressing device limiting hole (2.1.6) and a pressing bolt screwing hole (2.1.7); The second spring (2.7) is accommodated in the cylinder of the lock pin compressing device (2.8), the second spring (2.7) and the lock pin compressing device (2.8) are accommodated in the lock pin compressing device accommodating blind hole (2.1.5) together, the upper end and the lower end of the second spring (2.7) are respectively contacted with the inner top wall of the lock pin compressing device accommodating blind hole (2.1.5) and the inner bottom wall of the lock pin compressing device (2.8), the lock pin compressing device (2.8) can move up and down in the lock pin compressing device accommodating blind hole (2.1.5), the lower end face of the lock pin compressing device (2.8) can be contacted with the corresponding battery end lock pin (1), the surface of the lock pin compressing device limiting block (2.9) is provided with a limiting pin (2.9.1) in a protruding mode, The two ends of the lock pin pressing device limiting blocks (2.9) are respectively provided with a fixed hole (2.9.2), limiting pins (2.9.1) of a pair of lock pin pressing device limiting blocks (2.9) respectively penetrate through lock pin pressing device limiting holes (2.1.6) on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the quadrangular prism and are respectively accommodated in lock pin pressing device limiting slots (2.8.1) of the lock pin pressing devices (2.8), and the pair of lock pin pressing device limiting blocks (2.9) are respectively in contact connection and screw fixation with the front side wall and the rear side wall of the quadrangular prism through pressing bolts (2.10); a second limiting pin (2.11) is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the end part of each lock hook rotating shaft (2.1.4) in a penetrating way; the inner bottom wall of the lock pin pressing device (2.8) is provided with a positioning convex column (2.8.2) in a protruding mode, and the lower end of the second spring (2.7) is sleeved on the positioning convex column (2.8.2).
2. The vehicle-end quick-change power system according to claim 1, wherein: the upper parts of the front side wall and the rear side wall of the locking and unlocking body (2.1) are respectively horizontally extended with a connecting lug (2.1.8), and the longitudinal wire drawing groove (2.1.1) and the pair of mechanical pin blind holes (2.1.2) are respectively horizontally extended on the connecting lugs (2.1.8); the left side wall and the right side wall of each connecting lug (2.1.8) horizontally extend out of a stop block (2.1.9) respectively; the upper end face of each stop block (2.1.9) is provided with a missing groove (2.1.10) downwards, and each missing groove (2.1.10) is provided with a connecting hole (2.1.11).
3. The vehicle-end quick-change power system according to claim 1, wherein: each battery end lock pin (1) comprises a fixed block (1.1) and a pin shaft (1.2), the fixed block (1.1) is fixed on the side wall of the battery (4), and the lower hooks of the pair of lock hooks (2.2) can be synchronously locked on the corresponding pin shafts (1.2).
4. The vehicle-end quick-change power system according to claim 1, wherein: a limiting groove (5.1.3) is formed in each vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) on the structural beam (5.1), a penetrating hole (5.1.4) and a manual unlocking hole (5.1.2) of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) are formed in the groove bottom of each limiting groove (5.1.3), the circumferential edge of the lower end face of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) is seated on the penetrating hole (5.1.4) of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) of each limiting groove (5.1.3), the lower part of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2) and the locking hook (2.2) are exposed out of the penetrating hole (5.1.4), the displacement sensor (5.4) is seated in the limiting groove (5.1.3) at the rear end of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2), and the displacement sensor (5.4) is positioned at the position of a left mechanical pin blind hole (2.1.2) of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2); the manual unlocking hole (5.1.2) is arranged in a limit groove (5.1.3) at the rear end of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2), and the manual unlocking hole (5.1.2) is arranged at the position of a mechanical pin blind hole (2.1.2) on the right side of the vehicle end locking and unlocking mechanism (2).
5. The vehicle-end quick-change power system according to claim 1, wherein: the car end locking and unlocking device (5) of each side further comprises an unlocking rod (5.8), the unlocking rod (5.8) is of a bending rod structure, the upper portion of the unlocking rod (5.8) is horizontally bent towards the right angle of the Y-axis direction to form a Y-axis horizontal bending arm (5.8.1), the front end of the Y-axis horizontal bending arm (5.8.1) is horizontally bent towards the right angle of the X-axis direction to form an X-axis horizontal bending arm (5.8.2), the Y-axis horizontal bending arm (5.8.1) and the X-axis horizontal bending arm (5.8.2) of the unlocking rod (5.8) penetrate through a manual unlocking hole (5.1.2) of the structural beam (5.1), and the end part of the X-axis horizontal bending arm (5.8.2) is sleeved in a right mechanical pin blind hole (2.1.2) of the car end locking and unlocking mechanism (2.1.2) and can be in contact connection with the tail end of a mechanical locking and unlocking pin (2.5) in sliding mode.
6. A method for replacing a battery with the car end quick change electrical system of claim 5, comprising the steps of: the method comprises a locking process and an unlocking process;
The locking process comprises the following steps:
S1, a station end tray enters the bottom of a battery;
s2, driving the battery to move upwards by the tray;
s3, positioning the battery and the vehicle body, and simultaneously driving the lock hook to be opened by the stay wire;
s4, the tray drives the battery to move upwards continuously;
S5, after the tray moves to the state that the battery is in contact with the vehicle end and is fed back forcefully, the lock hook is closed and is in a locking state, meanwhile, the displacement sensor acts and sends signals to the whole vehicle controller, the whole vehicle controller judges that the vehicle and the battery are in a combined state, and the whole vehicle controller judges that the vehicle has preparation conditions;
S6, at the moment, the tray moves downwards to leave the bottom of the battery, so that the battery is locked;
The unlocking process comprises the following steps:
s101, a station end tray enters the bottom of a vehicle battery;
S201, compressing the tray and the battery and providing upward pressure;
s301, a stay wire drives a lock hook to open, and meanwhile, a displacement sensor acts and sends an instruction to a whole vehicle controller, and the whole vehicle controller judges that a vehicle and a battery are in a separated state, so that the vehicle is judged to have no preparation condition;
S401, driving the battery to move downwards by the tray;
S501, the tray drives the battery to be separated from the vehicle.
7. The method for replacing a battery of a car-end quick change system according to claim 6, wherein: when the locking process is in step S3 or the unlocking process is in step S301, and the system fails and the pull wire cannot drive the lock hook to open, the locking and unlocking mechanisms on two sides of the vehicle end can be respectively and synchronously mechanically unlocked by inserting the unlocking rod into the blind hole of the mechanical pin, so that steps S4-S6 of the locking process are continuously executed or steps S401-S501 of the unlocking process are continuously executed.
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| CN116853801B (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-12-08 | 常州孟腾智能装备有限公司 | Unlocking mechanism for battery cell tray and conveying line thereof |
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| DE102019212797A1 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-04 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Electrically operated vehicle, exchange station for exchanging a traction battery in the electrically operated vehicle, as well as quick coupling |
| CN113352930B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2023-11-03 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile battery replacement system and battery replacement method |
| CN215322088U (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-12-28 | 中立元(北京)电动汽车加电科技有限公司 | Locking mechanism for battery pack of battery-replaceable electric vehicle |
| CN215552605U (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-01-18 | 上海永乾机电有限公司 | New energy automobile trades electric hoist |
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| JP2001122593A (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-05-08 | Komatsu Forklift Co Ltd | Battery withdrawing device of reach-type forklift |
| CN111347861A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-06-30 | 博众精工科技股份有限公司 | Battery replacement locking mechanism, locking and unlocking device and electric vehicle |
| CN115091935A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-23 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Battery quick-changing device, electric vehicle and quick-changing method |
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