CN115916116A - 滑动构件以及滑动构件的制造方法 - Google Patents
滑动构件以及滑动构件的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115916116A CN115916116A CN202180043735.0A CN202180043735A CN115916116A CN 115916116 A CN115916116 A CN 115916116A CN 202180043735 A CN202180043735 A CN 202180043735A CN 115916116 A CN115916116 A CN 115916116A
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够实现提升耐磨损性的滑动构件以及滑动构件的制造方法。本发明的一个方式的骨球头包含含有氧化铝、和氧化铝以外的至少一种氧化物的复合陶瓷,相对于构成人工关节的构成部材骨球头进行滑动时的滑动面的表面粗糙度Ra为0.01μm以下。滑动面具有多个开口直径为2μm以下的凹部。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及滑动构件以及滑动构件的制造方法。
背景技术
已知有人工关节,其具有构成关节的一对关节构件,在所述一对关节构件之间,经由润滑液在相互接触的状态下形成相对地进行滑动的一对摩擦面。另外,现有的人工关节中,所述一对摩擦面中的至少一个所述摩擦面,具有从所述摩擦面的表面侧向内侧渐渐宽度变窄的槽状或孔状中的至少一种的凹部、与平滑地连接形成该凹部的面和形成所述摩擦面的表面部的面的曲面部。
一般而言若摩擦面的表面粗糙度Ra增大,则切削性的磨损量増加,若摩擦面的表面粗糙度Ra减小,则凝着性的磨损量増加。因此,存在切削性的磨损量以及凝着性的磨损量的和变得最小,耐磨损性得到提升的表面粗糙度Ra。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施方式的滑动构件具备:相对于构成人工关节的构成部件能够滑动的滑动面,包含含有氧化铝、和氧化铝以外的至少一种氧化物的复合陶瓷,所述滑动面具有开口直径为2μm以下的多个的凹部,表面粗糙度Ra为0.01μm以下。
另外,本发明的一个实施方式的滑动构件的制造方法包括:研磨包含氧化铝、和氧化铝以外的至少一种氧化物的复合陶瓷的表面的研磨工序;用强酸溶液处理研磨后的所述表面在所述表面形成凹部的酸处理工序。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施方式的人工股关节的示意图。
图2是本发明的一个实施方式的滑动面的截面的示意图。
图3是表示本发明的一个实施例的骨球头的根据酸浸时间的凹部产生情况的图。
图4是本发明的一个实施例的骨球头的酸浸前后(酸洗前后)的滑动面的凹部的放大图。
图5是本发明的一个实施例的骨球头的酸浸后(酸洗后)的滑动面的凹部的放大图。
图6是比较本发明的一个实施例的酸浸后的骨球头的表面粗糙度的图。
图7是表示酸浸后的骨球头的磨损试验结果的图。
具体实施方式
〔实施方式1〕
(人工股关节1的全体构成)
以下对本发明的一个实施方式进行详细说明。图1是本发明的一个实施方式的作为人工关节的人工股关节1的示意图。如图1所示,人工股关节1由固定于髋骨93的髋臼的髋臼杯10、固定于大腿骨91的近端的大腿骨干20、与髋臼杯10进行滑动的骨球头22构成。即,髋臼杯10、大腿骨干20、以及骨球头22是构成人工股关节1的构成构件。然而,人工关节,不仅限于本发明的人工股关节1,也可以是例如人工膝关节、人工踝关节、或者人工肩关节。
髋臼杯10具备大致半球状的髋臼固定面14以及凹陷成大致半球状的滑动面16。在大腿骨干20的一端侧具有作为滑动构件的骨球头22。并且,本发明的一个实施方式中,是具有在大腿骨干20的一端侧嵌入的骨球头22的结构。
骨球头22具有相对于髋臼杯10骨球头22进行滑动时的滑动面23。滑动面23相对于髋臼杯10能够滑动。骨球头22通过相对于髋臼杯10的凹陷成大致半球状的滑动面16进行滑动,发挥作为股关节的机能。然而,本发明的滑动构件不仅限于骨球头22,也可以是髋臼杯10。这种情况下,髋臼杯10相对骨球头22进行滑动。滑动面23的表面粗糙度Ra为0.01μm以下。基于此,可以降低针对髋臼杯10和骨球头22的滑动时的摩擦系数。
还有,髋臼固定面14是设置在接近髋臼94一侧的外表面。另外,滑动面16是与骨球头22进行接触的内表面或接触面。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,髋臼杯10由聚乙烯或超高分子量聚乙烯制成。
骨球头22含有包含氧化铝、和氧化铝以外的至少一种的氧化物的复合陶瓷。基于此,能够使骨球头22具有高硬度、高强度。在本实施方式中,骨球头22是含有包含65~96重量%的氧化铝、以及4~34.4重量%的氧化锆的复合陶瓷。基于此,骨球头22与不含有氧化锆的氧化铝单体的陶瓷相比,具有更高强度和更高韧性,另外,与氧化锆单体的陶瓷相比有更高硬度。
骨球头22也可以包含SiO2为0.20质量%以上、TiO2为0.22质量%以上、MgO为0.12质量%以上。基于此,可以减小因在烧结温度下形成的液相的粘度变高而导致的烧结促进效果变小的现象。本实施方式中,骨球头22的SiO2、TiO2及MgO的合计含有比率为0.6~4.5质量%。基于此,可以获得高致密化和微粒组织形成的效果。
本实施方式中,人工关节为人工股关节1,滑动构件为人工股关节1的骨球头22。因此,在人工股关节1的骨球头22的用途中,可以提高耐磨损性。还有,耐磨损性通过测定骨球头22与髋臼杯10的反复滑动后髋臼杯10因磨损产生的重量减少进行评价。
图2是本发明的一个实施方式的滑动面23的截面的示意图。如图2所示的各个多边形是作为多晶体的复合陶瓷的各个的结晶。本发明的一个实施方式中,晶粒是氧化铝晶粒或者氧化锆晶粒,但在图2中未进行区分。还有,在图2中,为方便理解,滑动面23用平面进行图示。如图2所示,滑动面23具有开口直径L1在2μm以下的多个凹部24。在此,所谓开口直径L1指的是存在于滑动面23的微小开口的宽度,不一定是圆形的直径。开口直径L1例如通过测量由扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄的滑动面23所见的开口的宽度而求得。另外,对滑动面23的图像用图像处理软件进行二值化处理、圆换算处理等,也可以作为换算成同面积的圆的直径进行计算。通过滑动面23具有多个凹部24,能够将人工股关节1所适用的环境中存在的水捕捉于凹部24中。其结果是,与髋臼杯10之间的滑动变得润滑,因此可以提高耐磨损性。
多个凹部24中的至少一部分的凹部24是由于复合陶瓷中含有的一部分氧化铝的晶粒欠缺而形成的。例如由于包含铝和氧以外的添加物元素的氧化铝的晶粒欠缺从而能够在滑动面23形成凹部24。凹部24的形状,由于是氧化铝的一部分晶粒欠缺而形成,因此是不定形状,也有具有锐利的边缘的情况。凹部24的形状,可以是从滑动面23的表面侧向内侧宽度渐渐变窄的槽状以及孔状,也可以是在从开口至规定深度的范围,凹部的宽度增大的形状。
氧化铝的结晶的平均晶粒直径为2μm以下。基于此,与氧化铝的结晶的平均晶粒直径为2μm以上的相比,可以使开口直径L1为2μm以下的多个凹部24增加。平均晶粒直径可以使用例如SEM拍摄的复合陶瓷的截面的放大图像,通过直线切断法获得。本实施方式中氧化铝的晶粒的各个粒径为0.05~3μm的范围。氧化铝的晶粒欠缺所形成的凹部的各个直径也为0.05μm以上。
到凹部24的底部的深度L2为2μm以下。在此,所谓到凹部24的底部的深度L2是指,从滑动面23上的凹部24的开口起到凹部24的底面为止的距离的中最大的距离。基于此,能够促进摩擦面间的润滑液的停留,能够抑制摩擦材料的磨损。深度L2可以通过SEM等放大观察与包含凹部24的滑动面23垂直的截面而测定。另外,也可以使用深度方向的形状测定分解能高的共聚焦激光显微镜放大观察包含凹部24的滑动面23来测定。
滑动面23具有每1平方毫米10000个以上的凹部24。基于此,滑动面23与具备每1平方毫米不足10000个凹部24的滑动面的滑动面相比,能够将人工股关节1所适用的环境中存在的水更多地捕捉在凹部24。凹部24在每1平方毫米内的存在个数的上限没有特别的限定,但存在个数过多会影响表面粗糙度Ra。若表面粗糙度Ra变大,则耐磨损特性会降低,因此,凹部24在每1平方毫米内的存在个数设定在表面粗糙度Ra为不超过0.01μm的范围内。
(制造方法)
本发明的一个实施方式的骨球头22的制造方法包括,研磨工序、以及酸处理工序。研磨工序中,对包含氧化铝、和氧化铝以外的至少一种的氧化物的复合陶瓷的表面(滑动面23)进行研磨。研磨工序中,研磨滑动面23使滑动面23的表面粗糙度Ra为0.01μm以下。本实施方式中,氧化铝以外的至少一种的氧化物包含氧化锆。基于此,骨球头22与不包含氧化锆的构成相比,变得更高强度、更高韧性。另外,通过研磨工序和酸处理工序提升耐磨损性。
酸处理工序中,用强酸溶液处理研磨工序中研磨后的骨球头22的表面,在表面形成凹部24。本实施方式中,在酸处理工序中,通过将研磨工序中研磨后的骨球头22浸渍于盐酸水溶液中,使骨球头22的表面接触盐酸水溶液5分钟~200分钟。酸处理工序中,以从凹部24的开口至底部的深度L2为2μm以下的方式形成凹部24。另外,酸处理工序中,在滑动面2上形成每1平方毫米10000个以上的凹部24。本实施方式中的酸处理工序,本发明的一个实施方式的骨球头22的制造方法,仅通过研磨工序后在强酸溶液中浸渍就能够制造骨球头22,因此,简便并且能够降低成本。还有本发明说明书中将酸处理工序称为酸浸、或酸洗。酸处理工序中,更优选研磨工序中研磨后的表面在盐酸水溶液中接触30分钟~150分钟以上。
强酸溶液为盐酸水溶液、硫酸水溶液、或者硝酸水溶液,但不限于此。另外,强酸溶液也可以为它们的的水溶液的混合溶液。本实施方式中,强酸溶液为盐酸水溶液。基于此,与强酸溶液为例如硫酸水溶液和硝酸水溶液的混合溶液相比,可以简单地配制。
本发明的一个实施方式的骨球头22的制造方法中,研磨工序后并且酸处理工序前的滑动面23的表面粗糙度Ra为0.01μm以下,酸处理工序后的滑动面23的表面粗糙度Ra也为0.01μm以下。
并且,本发明的一个实施方式的滑动构件的制造方法,研磨工序前还可以包括研削工序。研削工序中,将包含氧化铝、和氧化铝以外的至少一种的氧化物的复合陶瓷研削为规定形状(即骨球头的形状)。所述研磨工序中,可以研磨在研削工序中研削为规定形状后的复合陶瓷。
实施例
以下,基于实施例以及比较例对本发明的一个实施方式进行更详细的说明,但本发明的实施方式不限定于此。本实施例中,制作了以下的实施例1、实施例2以及比较例1~3的骨球头。对所制作的实施例以及比较例进行通过SEM进行的观察、粗糙度测定、通过磨损试验的观察。
作为实施例1的骨球头的材料,使用以ISO6474-2为标准的氧化锆强化氧化铝(京瓷株式会社制)。具体地说,使用包含79.3重量%的氧化铝、以及18.2重量%的氧化锆的材料。
作为实施例2的骨球头的材料,使用以ISO6474-2为标准的氧化锆强化氧化铝(京瓷株式会社制)。具体地说,使用包含79重量%的氧化铝、以及19重量%的氧化锆的材料。
作为比较例1的骨球头的材料,使用与实施例1以及实施例2同尺寸的市场销售品以ISO6474-2为标准的氧化锆强化氧化铝。该氧化锆强化氧化铝包含约75重量%的氧化铝、以及约25重量%的氧化锆。作为比较例2的骨球头的材料,使用高纯度氧化铝。该高纯度氧化铝包含99.5重量%以上的氧化铝。作为比较例3的骨球头的材料,使用Co-Cr-Mo合金(ASTM F1537标准)。
(通过SEM进行的观察)
在各个骨球头22的表面蒸镀铂,通过扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)观察骨球头22的表面。在1000倍~30000倍的倍率下取得2次电子像。
图3是显示使实施例1的骨球头在盐酸水溶液中浸渍的时间变化时的凹部发生情况的图。如图3所示,酸浸5分钟后的骨头的滑动面23与酸浸前的相比,变得粗糙,显示出形成凹部24的结果。酸浸30分钟后的骨球头22的滑动面23与酸浸5分钟后的骨球头22的滑动面23相比,形成了更多的凹部。酸浸150分钟后的骨球头的滑动面23与酸浸30分钟后的骨球头22的滑动面23相比,形成了更多的凹部。基于此,显示出通过使复合陶瓷的表面在盐酸水溶液中接触5分钟以上可以在滑动面23的表面形成凹部24。
图4是实施例1的骨球头酸浸前后(酸洗前后)的滑动面凹部的放大图。图5是实施例1的骨球头酸浸后(酸洗后)的滑动面的凹部的放大图。如图4以及图5所示,酸浸前倍率为5000倍时在滑动面的表面形成了细微的凹凸。这与酸浸前的骨球头的滑动面的表面粗糙度相对应。如图4所示,显示出酸浸后倍率为1000倍时,滑动面上形成有凹部的结果。另外,显示出酸浸后倍率为5000倍时,滑动面上出现了黑色斑点状物的结果。这些黑色斑点状物是由于复合陶瓷中包含的氧化铝的结晶的一部分欠缺所形成的。
(激光显微镜观察)
用奥林巴斯制共聚焦激光显微镜以100倍观察各个的骨球头的表面。图6是比较酸浸后的实施例1的骨球头以及未进行酸浸的比较例1的滑动面的表面粗糙度的图。还有各照片的右下的比例尺长度为15μm。如图6所示,实施例1的表面与比较例1的表面相比形成了更多的凹部。
(粗糙度测定)
以JISB0601为标准,使用接触式粗糙度测量仪(株式会社三丰制、SV-3100SA),基准长度:0.08mm、区间数:5,在各个骨球头的顶部获得粗糙度曲线。使用λc:0.08mm、λs:0.0008mm的高斯滤波器截止,测量算数平均粗糙度Ra。
表1
n | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 比较例1 |
1 | 0.0027 | 0.0058 | 0.0030 |
2 | 0.0038 | 0.0033 | 0.0037 |
3 | 0.0036 | 0.0022 | 0.0026 |
4 | 0.0033 | 0.0029 | 0.0031 |
5 | 0.0034 | 0.0029 | 0.0033 |
6 | 0.0037 | 0.0026 | 0.0037 |
平均 | 0.0034 | 0.0033 | 0.0032 |
表1是显示酸浸后的实施例1、实施例2的骨球头的表面粗糙度、以及未进行酸浸的比较例1的骨球头的表面粗糙度的表。表1的n是各实施例、比较例的式样编号。如表1所示,酸浸后骨球头22的表面粗糙度的平均值分别为实施例1为0.0034、实施例2为0.0033、比较例1为0.0032。即,酸浸后的骨球头22的表面粗糙度的平均值中,实施例1、实施例2、以及比较例1均为大致相等的结果。由此结果可知,本实施例中,骨球头上形成的凹部几乎未给骨球头的表面粗糙度带来影响。另外确认到,比较例2、比较例3的骨球头中,其表面的表面粗糙度Ra相同,均为0.01μm以下。
(磨损试验)
使用氧化锆强化氧化铝材制成外径40mm的骨球头,以ISO14242-1、ISO14242-2为标准实施磨损模拟试验。滑动对象是经过气体等离子体灭菌的交联超高分子量聚乙烯衬底(杯)。试验以试样数n=3对每个实施例以及比较例进行实施。磨损量如下求得:每隔50万循环测量衬底的重量变化,由试验开始的重量减少与load soak的差的计算得到。磨损量以每50万循环测定至500万循环为止,在各循环中计算n=3的磨损量的平均值。
图7是显示酸浸后的骨球头的磨损实验结果的图。图7的纵轴是以mg单位表示与骨球头滑动后的衬底的磨损量的轴。图7的横轴是表示滑动次数的轴。例如,图7的横轴中的数值5表示500万循环。
如图7所示,500万循环后的实施例1以及实施例2的磨损量约为8mg。与此对比,500万循环后的比较例1、比较例2、以及比较例3的磨损量分别为约12mg、13.5mg、以及约17.5mg。显示出形成有凹部的实施例1以及实施例2的磨损量比比较例1、比较例2、以及比较例3的磨损量低的结果。因此,显示出通过形成多个凹部从而提高耐磨损性的提升。
以上,基于各附图及实施例对本发明的发明进行了说明。然而,本发明的发明不限定于上述的各实施方式。即,本发明的发明可以在本发明所示的范围内进行各种变更,将不同的实施方式中分别公开的技术手段适当组合而得到的实施方式也包括在本发明的发明技术范围内。也就是说,应当注意本领域技术人员基于本发明容易进行各种变形或修改。另外,应当留意这些变形或修改包括在本发明的范围内。
符号说明
1 人工股关节(人工关节)
10 髋臼杯(滑动构件)
16、23 滑动面
22 骨球头(滑动构件)
24 凹部
L1 开口直径
L2 到凹部的底部的深度
Claims (15)
1.一种滑动构件,其中,
具备能够相对于构成人工关节的构成构件进行滑动的滑动面,
包含含有氧化铝、和氧化铝以外的至少一种氧化物的复合陶瓷,
所述滑动面具有开口直径为2μm以下的多个凹部,表面粗糙度Ra为0.01μm以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动构件,其中,所述多个凹部中的至少一部分的所述凹部是由于所述复合陶瓷中含有的氧化铝的结晶的一部分欠缺而形成的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滑动构件,其中,所述氧化铝的结晶的平均晶粒直径为2μm以下。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的滑动构件,其中,所述凹部从开口到底部的深度为2μm以下。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的滑动构件,其中,所述滑动面具有每1平方毫米10000个以上的所述凹部。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的滑动构件,其中,所述复合陶瓷包含65~96重量%的氧化铝、4~34.4重量%的氧化锆。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的滑动构件,其中,所述人工关节为人工股关节,所述滑动构件为所述人工股关节的骨球头。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的滑动构件,其中,所述构成构件包含聚乙烯或交联超高分子量聚乙烯。
9.一种滑动构件的制造方法,其中,包括:
研磨工序,对包含氧化铝、和氧化铝以外的至少一种氧化物的复合陶瓷的表面进行研磨,
酸处理工序,用强酸溶液处理研磨后的所述表面,在所述表面形成凹部。
10.根据权利要求9所述的滑动构件的制造方法,其中,所述氧化铝以外的至少一种氧化物包含氧化锆。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的滑动构件的制造方法,其中,所述研磨工序后并且所述酸处理工序前的所述表面的表面粗糙度Ra为0.01μm以下,所述酸处理工序后的所述表面的表面粗糙度也为0.01μm以下。
12.根据权利要求9~11中任一项所述的滑动构件的制造方法,其中,由所述酸处理工序形成的所述凹部,从开口到底部的深度为2μm以下。
13.根据权利要求9~12中任一项所述的滑动构件的制造方法,其中,通过所述酸处理工序,在能够相对于构成人工关节的构成构件进行滑动的滑动面上形成每1平方毫米10000个以上的所述凹部。
14.根据权利要求9~13中任一项所述的滑动构件的制造方法,其中,所述强酸溶液为盐酸水溶液。
15.根据权利要求14所述的滑动构件的制造方法,其中,所述酸处理工序中,使所述表面与所述盐酸水溶液接触5分钟以上。
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